diyajn i ekologija.pdf

7/24/2019 diyajn i ekologija.pdf

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ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS

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1. _________________________________________________

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no [ : Global Footp rint Network , 2009., www. foo tp r i n tne t -

work.org/atlas]

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[ ]

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17/152

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1 .3 : [ : "Rank ing

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(9) (second hand) .

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(inspection) je (repair).

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product)

B ( B):

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( C): (t ransport intensiveproduct)

D ( D): (use intensive product)

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34/152

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(Life Cycle Assessment- LCA).

. je

.

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2001. -

(POPs - Persistent Organic Pollutants),

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ISO 14 000

:

(Waste Management - WM & Sol id Waste

Management - SWM)(

( ),

(RoHS),

, ,

,


36/152

1.

je , a

.

[EPSRC, 2008], :

- Waste Framework Di rect ive

(2006/12/ ), je (2008/ 98/ ),

- Wast e Oil Directive

(75/439/ , 1987/ 101,91/ 692/ , 2000/ 76/ ),

-

Groundvvater Directive (80/68/ ),

- Sevvage Sludge Directive

(86/278 ),

- Batteries 8t Accumulators Directive (91/ 157/ EEC),

je (2006/ 66/ ),

- Hazardous Waste Direct ive

(91/689/ ), (94/ 31/ ) (166/ 2006/ ), - Packaging and

Packaging Waste Directive (94/ 62/ EC),

o

- Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control

Directive (96/61/EC),

o - Landf il l Direct ive (99/ 31/ EC),

o - End Of Life Vehicles (ELV)

Directive (2000/53/EC),

o - Incinerat ion of Waste

(2000/ 76/EC),

o

- Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive

(2002/95/EC),

o - VVaste

Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Direct ive (2002/ 96/ EC), o - Management of Waste f rom

Extraction Industries Directive (2006/ 21/ EC).

EKO 1

ECO LABELIIN

(label)

.

o c h i

2 fhttf

Srbije--1467-clOl-co

je

1Budemu 11, . 2


37/152

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ECO LABELING

(label)1

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je . ( label)

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,

" " -

12 [http:/ / www.ekoplan.gov.rs/ src/ Sta-je-to-Eko-znak-Republike-

Srbije--1467-cl01-content.htm].

je je

,

" " .

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1.
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38/152

0

je

.

DfX

, :

(Design for Product ion - DfP, Design for

Manufacture - DfM), (Design for Assembly and

Disassembly - DfA, DfD),

(Design for Recycling - DfR),

(Design for Environment protection -

DfE).

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je .

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JE ?

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( ) , a

ce .


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40/152

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11. je " " ?

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u .

13. je , u da j e u " en vi ro nmen ta ll y

f r i end ly " ?

14. je (Li fe Cyc le

Assessment)?

:

(ecodesign, sustainable development, renevvable energy sources, design for ,DfX, product life cyde, life cyde assessment, LCA, eco materials, eco

technologies/ eco processes, eco product , eco labell ing, environmenta l impact,

ecological footprint, recyclability, recycling, environmentally friendly, reuse,

remanufacture, reprocessing, upgrade, life cyde thinking, LCT, overhead

energy, maintenance, repair Service, solid vvaste management, SWM).

( 1).

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TO,


41/152


42/152

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CM t

DEPLETION):

!


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(GLOBAL VVARMING - GW):

, ,

" ", " "

[ ,2006].

(OZONE DEPLETION):

(03),

( / ),

" ".

" " - (Chloro-Fluoro Carbons

- CFCs) [ , 2006].

(ACIDIFICATION):

,

napa ,

;

, , , .

/ , ,

[Smith & Smith, 2000].

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( / )

, ,

" ", .

- " " :

( je

, ,

, ).

(ABIOTIC RESOURCE

DEPLETION):


44/152

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,

2.3: u

:

( ),

(S02),

( ),

(NOJ,

(03),

tokom , ,

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:

( 02/ 4, .),

( CFC),

( S02),

( 1).

, je, ,

,


46/152

je lUNFCCC Unit ed Natioos Fram evm rk Con ven t on o n Ornate

Change), je 6 > 1997. .

je 1602.2005

144 j e w / w / Kj ovd

njy " "

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47/152

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48/152

2. HA


49/152

2.9:

1981., 1987 ., 1993. u 1999. ( ) u 2005. () [ : NASA]

je .

To je 400 700 nm

43% .

(< 400 nm)

7% 8% , , je

. (UltraViolet - UV).

(UV) :

200 280 nm - UV-C ,

280 320 nm - UV-B ,

320 400 nm - UV-A .

Ha 94% UV-A, 6% UV-B 0% UV-C

.

UV je ,

je , ,

je . To " " .


50/152

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51/152

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( , , , ,

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Organic Compounds), .

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EUTROPHICATION

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53/152

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2. HA

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54/152

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2.13:

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57/152

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74/152

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Razne tehnologije za konverziju energije talasa:

"Able Technologies" - Electricity Generat ion Wave Pump, "Arti f icial Muscles Ine",

"AquaEnergy Group" , Finevera - AquaBuOY,

"AWS Energy" - Archimedes Wave Swing,

"Ecofys" - Wave Rotor,

"OceanLinx" (Energetech) - Uiscebeathe,

"Independent Natural Resources Ine" - SeaDogTM,

"Ocean Power Delivery" - Pelamis,

"Ocean Power Technologies" PowerBuoy,

"Oregon State Universi ty" - Direct Drive Point Absorbers,

"Renevvable Energy Holdings" - Cylindrical Energy Transfer Oscillator-

CETO,

"Wavebob Ltd" - WavebobWEC,

"Wave Dragon Ltd" - Wave Dragon, " Wave Energy" - Sea Wave Slot-Cone Generator ,

"Wave Star Ener gy"-Wave Star...

3.20: Linear Att enuator ("Pelamis") - : 3,5m, : 150m, :

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3.


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76/152

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4.30: (*

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