DNAAbbreviation- Deoxyribonucleic Acid

James Watson & Francis Crick-in 1953 discovered DNA was 2 strands and twisted

Double Helix- 2 word term to describe DNA

Codon---3 base sequence---ATA

Rules for base pairing for DNA

•Thymine to Adenine•Adenine to Thymine•Cytosine to Guanine•Guanine to Cytosine

Complementary strand DNA to DNA

• A T G A T C G T G C A

• T A C T A G C A C G T

PartsSugar

ADENINE

THYMINE

CYTOSINE

GUANINEGUANINEPHOSPHATEPHOSPHATE

DNA Replication

DNA Helicase- enzyme that unzips DNA for replication

DNA Polymerase- enzyme that completes DNA replication

Occurs- Synthesis or S stage of Interphase

End Result- Sister Chromatids

Replication

• A T

• T A

• C G

• G C

• T A

• C G

• OLD• A T old A T old• T A T A• C G C G• G C G C• T A T A• C G C G

New New• A T old A T AT old• T A T A TA• C G CG CG• G C GC GC• T A TA TA• C G CG CG

RNA• RNA- Ribonucleic Acid

• Codon---three base sequence of mRNA UGU

• Transcription- making of mRNA from DNA

• RNA polymerase- enzyme that unzips DNA for transcription.

• Ribose- the sugar in RNA

Base Pairing Rules for RNA to DNA

DNA mRNAThymine Adenine Adenine URACILCytosine Guanine Guanine Cytosine

DNA to mRNA

• A T G A T C G T G C A

• U A C U A G C A C G U

How mRNA and tRNA work together?1. An mRNA codon pairs up with a tRNA

anticodon.

2. tRNA anticodons bring with it an amino acid.

3. The amino acid it brings is based on the code in mRNA.

4. The mRNA and tRNA release from each other.

5. All that is left in the ribosome is a strand of AMINO ACIDS

6. ALSO KNOWN AS a PROTEIN

Four DifferencesDNA RNA

1. Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose

2. Strand 2 stranded 1 strand

3. Stored Nucleus Nucleolus

4. Bases Thymine Uracil

Adenine Adenine

Protein Synthesis

Protein Sythesis-Translation

Takes Place-- Ribosome

Protein- long strand of amino acids

Anticodon- three base sequence tRNA

EXTRA INFO

Three parts of a nucleotide

1.Phosphate

2.Sugar-----Deoxyribose(DNA) or Ribose(RNA)

3.Nitrogen base

Where do the bases pair up on DNA?

At the sugars

Protein Synthesis Using mRNA CODONS and tRNA Anticodons

Remember to

LOOK UP THE CODON on the chart

not the

ANTICODON

Ex GGG anticodon

CCC CODON

Amino Acid :

PROLINE (CCC)