Upload
afi
View
45
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
DNA -> RNA -> Proteins. The basic language of all living things. A Gene. A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein Only a very small percentage of our DNA (perhaps 1%) actually does this. RNA - ribonucleic acid. RNA is short compared to DNA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
The basic language of all living things.
The basic language of all living things.
A GeneA Gene
• A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
• Only a very small percentage of our DNA (perhaps 1%) actually does this
• A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
• Only a very small percentage of our DNA (perhaps 1%) actually does this
RNA - ribonucleic acidRNA - ribonucleic acid• RNA is short compared to DNA• RNA has one strand instead of two• C, G, A, and U (uracil) instead of C,G,A, and T • (U takes the place of T)
• RNA is short compared to DNA• RNA has one strand instead of two• C, G, A, and U (uracil) instead of C,G,A, and T • (U takes the place of T)
Messenger RNAMessenger RNA• DNA is a large
and bulky molecules, it does not travel well, so when it wants to make a protein it makes and mRNA copy of the instructions
• DNA is a large and bulky molecules, it does not travel well, so when it wants to make a protein it makes and mRNA copy of the instructions
TranscriptionTranscription• This process is called transcription,
because the DNA transcribes “copies” itself
• It takes advantage of base pairing
• This process is called transcription, because the DNA transcribes “copies” itself
• It takes advantage of base pairing
RNA PolymeraseRNA Polymerase
• An enzyme called RNA Polymerase makes all of this happen
• The enzyme puts the new nucleotides in place
• An enzyme called RNA Polymerase makes all of this happen
• The enzyme puts the new nucleotides in place
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
mRNA finds a ribosomemRNA finds a ribosome
• mRNA moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell where it finds a ribosome
• The ribosome is made of RNA and it will serve as a work bench for making proteins
• mRNA moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell where it finds a ribosome
• The ribosome is made of RNA and it will serve as a work bench for making proteins
QuickTime™ and aNone decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
TranslationTranslation
• Once attached to the ribosome, the mRNA is translated from the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids
• Each three letter word or “codon” calls for one amino acids
• Once attached to the ribosome, the mRNA is translated from the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids
• Each three letter word or “codon” calls for one amino acids
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
tRNAtRNA
• It is the job of the transfer RNA is to transfer the correct amino acid to the correct mRNA codon
• It is the job of the transfer RNA is to transfer the correct amino acid to the correct mRNA codon
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Polypeptide chainPolypeptide chain• In this way a
polypeptide is made
• Each time a a tRNA connects to a mRNA one amino acid is added to the growing chain
• In this way a polypeptide is made
• Each time a a tRNA connects to a mRNA one amino acid is added to the growing chain
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
SummarySummary
• Can you label all of the parts in this diagram?
• A_________• B_________• C_________• D_________• E_________
• Can you label all of the parts in this diagram?
• A_________• B_________• C_________• D_________• E_________
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
DNA
mRNAAmino Acid
tRNA
Ribosome