DO NOW!!!DO NOW!!!1.1. Why were the American people unhappy Why were the American people unhappy

with Herbert Hoover?with Herbert Hoover?2.2. What are some things that people need What are some things that people need

during the depression that they are not during the depression that they are not getting from Hoover?getting from Hoover?

FDR and the New DealFDR and the New DealChapter 22, Section 1Chapter 22, Section 1

Franklin Delano RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt In office 1933-1945 In office 1933-1945 (Great Depression-WWII)(Great Depression-WWII)

Elected president 4 Elected president 4 timestimesContracted polio at Contracted polio at age 39, making him a age 39, making him a paraplegic paraplegic One of the most One of the most popular and influential popular and influential presidents in US presidents in US HistoryHistory

Hoover’s opponent in the election was Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt.

• Harvard graduate

• New York State senator

• Assistant Secretary of the Navy

• 1920 Nominee for Vice President

• Polio survivor

• Governor of New York

The two candidates offered very different approaches to the problems of the Great Depression.

Hoover

State and local governments and private agencies should provide relief.

Roosevelt

Leadership should come from the federal government.

Roosevelt won in a landslide.

To help him plan, FDR sought the advice of a diverse group of men and women.

His “Brain Trust” consisted of professionals and academics.

His wife Eleanor Roosevelt helped him throughout his presidency. She traveled widely and acted as the president’s “eyes and ears.”

The New DealThe New DealSeries of programs Series of programs and policies FDR and policies FDR instituted between instituted between 1933 and 19391933 and 1939

The New DealThe New Deal ReliefRelief—humanitarian aid to the —humanitarian aid to the needy (short needy (short

term) (band aid)term) (band aid) RecoveryRecovery—rebuilding the —rebuilding the economy—economy—getting getting

people jobs people jobs (long term) (stitches) (long term) (stitches) ReformReform—changing the way the government —changing the way the government

and economy operate to prevent another and economy operate to prevent another depression (financial responsibility, more depression (financial responsibility, more government intervention in the economy) government intervention in the economy) (distant future)(distant future) (surgery) (surgery)

With the person sitting next to you:With the person sitting next to you:

Create a T chart comparing Hoover to Create a T chart comparing Hoover to FDR. Include at least FDR. Include at least 33 points for each points for each president. president.

FDR’s Presidency FDR’s Presidency

Offers optimism and hope to the American Offers optimism and hope to the American people—they had faith in him—they had people—they had faith in him—they had lost faith in Hooverlost faith in Hoover““Brain Trust”—advisory group formed by Brain Trust”—advisory group formed by Roosevelt to solve problemsRoosevelt to solve problems Come up with 15 relief/recovery measures Come up with 15 relief/recovery measures

(New Deal)(New Deal) 100 days100 days—special session where congress —special session where congress

approved all 15 measuresapproved all 15 measures

Bank HolidayBank HolidayMarch 6-13 1933March 6-13 1933

Closes banks for a few days to stop people from Closes banks for a few days to stop people from making massive withdrawalsmaking massive withdrawals What would this do to Americans while banks were What would this do to Americans while banks were

closed?closed?Only banks deemed financial stable by the Only banks deemed financial stable by the government were allowed to reopengovernment were allowed to reopen how can this restore confidence in the banking how can this restore confidence in the banking

system?system?““fireside chats” FDR assures Americans bank fireside chats” FDR assures Americans bank holiday will protect their moneyholiday will protect their money FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)—FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)—

insures bank depositsinsures bank deposits

Direct ReliefDirect Relief Aid 13 million unemployed workers—this is what Aid 13 million unemployed workers—this is what Hoover avoided Hoover avoided FERA (Federal Emergency Relief FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration) Administration) 500 million in direct relief to state and local agencies500 million in direct relief to state and local agencies

Most Americans wanted jobs rather than Most Americans wanted jobs rather than handouts handouts Civil Work Administration created (CWA)Civil Work Administration created (CWA) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Despite the critics, the New Deal was popular with most Americans.

In his inaugural address, Roosevelt told Americans, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

FDR succeeded in reducing people’s fear, but the depression was far from over.

RecoveryRecovery

Relief was short term, recovery is the long Relief was short term, recovery is the long term goalterm goal Why isn’t relief a good long term goal?Why isn’t relief a good long term goal?

““priming the pump”priming the pump” Pouring money into the economy (loans, Pouring money into the economy (loans,

government spending)government spending)

John Manyard KeynesJohn Manyard Keynes

Keynesian Keynesian EconomicsEconomics Argues the Argues the

government must government must spend money to spend money to recover from a recover from a depression—depression—(Roosevelt/many (Roosevelt/many modern economists modern economists believe in this)believe in this)

Keynesian Economics Keynesian Economics Continued…Continued…

Government programs to stimulate Government programs to stimulate industrial/business activity (wages, hours, industrial/business activity (wages, hours, jobs)jobs) National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

(NRA) 1933(NRA) 1933"the most important and far-reaching ever enacted "the most important and far-reaching ever enacted by the American Congress“-FDRby the American Congress“-FDR

Public Works Administration (PWA)Public Works Administration (PWA)