In your notes, write down everything you know about Judaism (the Jewish people).

Essential Question: What was the early history of the Jewish people?

Judaism

Palestine- eastern end of Mediterranean Sea.

Was considered by the Jews as their “Promised Land” because God gave it to them.

In ancient times this land was called Canaan.

This land was important because it was the crossroads of trade.

Ancient PalestineAncient Palestine

Torah- the first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.

(Part of the Christian Old Testament)

Abraham- God chose him to be the “father” of the Hebrews and told him about the Promised Land.

The Promise land was=Canaan

Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People

Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People

The TorahThe Torah

They called God=Yahweh.The Hebrews were Monotheistic –believed in one God.Abraham and God created a covenant (agreement) will worship you for protection.

Please answer the following question:

Why do you believe God created a covenant with Abraham?

Abraham’s Journey from UrAbraham’s Journey from Ur

Canaan The “Promised Land”Canaan The “Promised Land”

Abraham’s JourneysAbraham’s Journeys

Abraham’s GeneaologyAbraham’s Geneaology

ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR

IsaacIsaac

EsauEsauJacobJacob

12 Tribes of Israel

12 Tribes of Israel

Ishmael

Ishmael

12 Arabian Tribes

12 Arabian Tribes

There was a drought in Canaan so the Hebrews went to Egypt.

Later they became “slaves” under the pharaoh.

MosesMoses

“Prince of Egypt”

“Prince of Egypt”

“Shepherd of His People”

“Shepherd of His People”

Pick the one that DOES NOT fit with the rest!

Explain why you picked it!

CovenantPalestine/CanaanAbrahamMosesYahweh

Led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt.(The Exodus)

God and Moses made a new covenant.

God said that all the Hebrews must follow 10 laws, called the 10 Commandments.

The ExodusThe Exodus

Route of the ExodusRoute of the Exodus

Moses and the 10 Commandmets

Moses and the 10 Commandmets

A new “covenant”

with Yahweh

A new “covenant”

with Yahweh

Mount SinaiMount Sinai

St. Catherine’s Monastery

at Mount Sinai

St. Catherine’s Monastery

at Mount Sinai

When the Hebrews arrived in Canaan, they were organized into 12 tribes.

They followed the 10 Commandments as law.

Prophets taught that Hebrews had a duty to worship God and live a justly life with one another.

Judges were “picked” by God to judge.

The most powerful tribe was from Judah (that’s were the name Judaism comes from)

1020 to 922 B.C. The leaders were Saul-> David-

>Solomon. Under their rule the 12 tribes were united

and became Israel. Prosperity!!!!! When Saul died David took over and

created Jerusalem as the capital.

King David’s EmpireKing David’s Empire

962B.C. David’s son, Solomon, took over. Extended the kingdom and built the

great temple in Jerusalem (lots of money and time).

Was the home of the Ark of the Covenant=the Ten Commandments.

When Solomon died, the people in the north revolted and by 922 B.C. the kingdom was divided into 2.

Israel=North Judad=South

Solomon’s

Kingdom

Solomon’s

Kingdom

Recreation of Ancient Jerusalem

Recreation of Ancient Jerusalem

King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan

King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan

The First TempleThe First Temple

Inside the Temple Tabernacle

Inside the Temple Tabernacle

The Arcof the

Covenant

The Arcof the

Covenant

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today

Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

Answer the following questions in your notebook.

1) What is the name given to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible?

2) Who is considered the “father” of the Judaism?

3) Who was Moses?4) What is a covenant?

What are the teachings and beliefs of Christianity?

Roman PalestineRoman Palestine

Christianity is the largest religion in the world (about 2 billion) (Judaism=14 million)

It is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

3 Groups of Christians= Roman Catholic Protestant

Eastern Orthodox

The Beginnings of Christianityin Bethlehem

The Beginnings of Christianityin Bethlehem

Jesus’ MissionJesus’ Mission

Agony in the Garden

Agony in the Garden

CrucifixionCrucifixion

BaptismBaptism

The Resurrection:The Church Triumphant

The Resurrection:The Church Triumphant

St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

The Spread of Christianity

The Spread of Christianity

One God (monotheistic) Jesus is the son of God Jesus was born in this world and died

to save humanity from sin.The cross is a symbol that

represents Jesus’ love for humanity by dying for its sins.

Can reach salvation by following the teachings of Christ.

The Christian Bible is divided into the Old Testament (Jewish history) and the New Testament ( teachings of Jesus).

Jesus stressed the importance of people’s love for God, their neighbors, their enemies and even themselves

If you sincerely repent your sins, after death you will have a place in God’s eternal kingdom.

The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire

– 14 CE– 14 CE

The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire

– 14 CE– 14 CE

Romans were polytheistic but not central (important).

As the empire grew, a new religion grew out of Judaism, Christianity.

63 B.C., Rome took over Judea, home of the Jews

Born around 6 to 4 B.C. in Bethlehem.

At age 30 began his ministry and preached for three years.

Apostles- 12 men who were closest to Jesus.

Why was Jesus Killed? Growing popularity---was a threat to

the Roman and Jewish leaders. Was viewed as a king

Pontius Pilate puts him to death (to be crucified).

Christianity comes from the word Christ.

The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity

First followers were Jewish. At first it spreads slowly. The apostle, Paul, at first persecuted

Christians. Then was converted and taught Jesus’

word throughout the Roman empire. The Pax Romana (peace) allowed the

teachings to spread Common language- Greek and Latin

St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the

GentilesGentiles

St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the

GentilesGentiles

The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity

The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity

Two times (70 A.D. and 132 A.D.) the Jews tried to revolt against Rome.

Both times they are defeated.Diaspora- Jews driven from their

homeland

As the time of peace ended, persecution increased.

Christians were used as scapegoats for political and economic problems.

Thousands were crucified, burned, executed or thrown to the lions.

Martyr=someone who gives their life for their beliefs.

1) Embraced all people2)Gave hope to the powerless3)Mad at the extravagances of Rome4) Gave a relationship with a loving

God5) Promised eternal life after death

Emperor Constantine was fighting for total control of Rome, he used the cross as a symbol.

He won the battle.313A.D. he ended the per suction of

the Christians and made it one of the religions of the empire.

Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337

Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337