Do NowDo NowGet out Roman Roads activity, pass it forward.Take this practice matching quiz on your new

Do Now sheet.

Get out Roman Roads activity, pass it forward.Take this practice matching quiz on your new

Do Now sheet.

1. Artifact1. Artifact a. Taming of animalsa. Taming of animals

2. Domestication2. Domestication b. Prehistoric period (2.5 b. Prehistoric period (2.5 mil.-8000 B.C.) during mil.-8000 B.C.) during which people used crude which people used crude stone tools and weapons.stone tools and weapons.

3. Neolithic Age3. Neolithic Age c. Becoming qualified to c. Becoming qualified to perform a specific task.perform a specific task.

4. Paleolithic Age4. Paleolithic Age d. Human made object such d. Human made object such as a tool, weapon, or piece as a tool, weapon, or piece of jewelryof jewelry

5. Specialization5. Specialization e. 8000-3000 B.C. People e. 8000-3000 B.C. People learned to polish stone tools, learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals.raise animals.

The Pax RomanaThe Pax Romana

The Roman EmpireThe Roman EmpireAugustus Caesar aka – Octavian, sets

up Roman Empire in 27 BC after defeating Marc Anthony.

Creates many reforms like: Civil service system – people of all

classes can have jobs. Set up uniform rule of law Guaranteed safe travel/trade on Roman

roads Created common coinage - make trade

easier. PRAETORIAN GUARD- Police of Rome

Augustus Caesar aka – Octavian, sets up Roman Empire in 27 BC after defeating Marc Anthony.

Creates many reforms like: Civil service system – people of all

classes can have jobs. Set up uniform rule of law Guaranteed safe travel/trade on Roman

roads Created common coinage - make trade

easier. PRAETORIAN GUARD- Police of Rome

The Pax RomanaThe Pax Romana

Augustus’ reign started 200 year period known as Pax Romana – Roman peace.

27 BC to AD 180 was peaceful and stable.

**ONLY INSTABILITY** was transfer of power - law didn’t provide easy succession of Emperors.

Augustus’ reign started 200 year period known as Pax Romana – Roman peace.

27 BC to AD 180 was peaceful and stable.

**ONLY INSTABILITY** was transfer of power - law didn’t provide easy succession of Emperors.

Awesome Augustus (27 B.C. - 14 A.D.)

Awesome Augustus (27 B.C. - 14 A.D.)

Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.”

Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military.

Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.”

Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military.

http://www.unf.edu/classes/freshmancore/core1images/augustus.jpg

The Julian EmperorsThe Julian EmperorsAugustus dies in AD 14. 4 emperors who follow are the Julian

emperors = all related to Julius Caesar.

Augustus dies in AD 14. 4 emperors who follow are the Julian

emperors = all related to Julius Caesar.

Tiberius (14-37 A.D.)

Tiberius (14-37 A.D.)

Very unpopularKnown for

making poor decisions and for attacking his enemies.

Said that ruling Rome was like “holding a wolf by it’s ears.”

Very unpopularKnown for

making poor decisions and for attacking his enemies.

Said that ruling Rome was like “holding a wolf by it’s ears.”

http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/tiberius.html

Crazy Caligula! (37-41 A.D.) Crazy Caligula! (37-41 A.D.) Caligula takes over

in AD 37.Grand- nephew to

TiberiusBrutal, corrupt,

mentally disturbedNames his horse to

be a consul.Praetorian Guard

assassinated Crazy Caligula in AD 41.

Caligula takes over in AD 37.

Grand- nephew to Tiberius

Brutal, corrupt, mentally disturbed

Names his horse to be a consul.

Praetorian Guard assassinated Crazy Caligula in AD 41.

http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/photo_html/portraet/roemisch/kaiserzeit/benannt/caligula/caligu4.JPG

Crippled Claudius(41-54 A.D.)

Crippled Claudius(41-54 A.D.)

Paralyzed uncle of Caligula takes over in AD 41.

Very smart, great leader.

His humility made him very popular

Dies in AD 54Stepson Nero takes

the throne

Paralyzed uncle of Caligula takes over in AD 41.

Very smart, great leader.

His humility made him very popular

Dies in AD 54Stepson Nero takes

the throne

http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/claudius.html

Nasty Nero(54-68 A.D.)Nasty Nero(54-68 A.D.)

Got the crazy genes from Caligula.

Had mother, wife, and many senators murdered.

Persecuted ChristiansWhat does persecute

mean?Neglected duties, became

fearful he would be killed, and committed suicide in AD 68.

Got the crazy genes from Caligula.

Had mother, wife, and many senators murdered.

Persecuted ChristiansWhat does persecute

mean?Neglected duties, became

fearful he would be killed, and committed suicide in AD 68.

http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/nero.html

Confusion and ChaosConfusion and Chaos

In next year, 4 generals lead Rome (“The Year of the Four Emperors”).

Vespasian eventually wins, starts rule in AD 69. (rules for ten years)

Extends Roman citizenship to all men in military.

Sons Titus and Domitian take over.

In next year, 4 generals lead Rome (“The Year of the Four Emperors”).

Vespasian eventually wins, starts rule in AD 69. (rules for ten years)

Extends Roman citizenship to all men in military.

Sons Titus and Domitian take over.

Vespasian(69-79 A.D.)Vespasian

(69-79 A.D.)

Pivotal moment: The first emperor not related to the family of Augustus, Vespasian achieved imperial power by the support of the armies and via a special law enacted to confer authority on him.

Pivotal moment: The first emperor not related to the family of Augustus, Vespasian achieved imperial power by the support of the armies and via a special law enacted to confer authority on him.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_02.shtml

The Good EmperorsThe Good EmperorsGood Emperors rule from AD 96- 180.Include :

Nerva – appointed by Senate, popular with people, not with military

Trajan - extended empire to its furthest reaches Hadrian – Builds Wall across north Britain to

protect against invaders.Secured the Roman borders.

Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius – Respected scholar

- His death in AD 180 ends the Pax Romana

Good Emperors rule from AD 96- 180.Include :

Nerva – appointed by Senate, popular with people, not with military

Trajan - extended empire to its furthest reaches Hadrian – Builds Wall across north Britain to

protect against invaders.Secured the Roman borders.

Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius – Respected scholar

- His death in AD 180 ends the Pax Romana

HadrianHadrian

117-138 A.D.117-138 A.D.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_03.shtml

Hadrian’s WallHadrian’s Wall

http://www.contours.co.uk/self-guided/images/hadrians-wall.gif

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/img_400/hw_housesteads_03.jpg

Marcus AureliusMarcus Aurelius

･ Born 121 ADReigned 161 -

180 AD

･ Born 121 ADReigned 161 -

180 AD

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_gallery_04.shtml

http://skyscraper.fortunecity.com/quantum/773/fotos/gladiator6.jpg

SummarySummary“The emperor was what he did.”

Regardless of the strengths or weaknesses of a leader, Rome still ran fairly smoothly.

Many of the problems are rooted in the fact that Augustus never set up clear standards for succession of power.

The emperor answered first and foremost to the military.

“The emperor was what he did.”

Regardless of the strengths or weaknesses of a leader, Rome still ran fairly smoothly.

Many of the problems are rooted in the fact that Augustus never set up clear standards for succession of power.

The emperor answered first and foremost to the military.

The End of the Pax Romana

The End of the Pax Romana

A succession of weak leaders and civil wars follows as Rome begins its slow decline.

A succession of weak leaders and civil wars follows as Rome begins its slow decline.

ReflectionReflection

After learning about some of the emperors, the Pax Romana does not seem very peaceful? Why do you think it carried that name?

After learning about some of the emperors, the Pax Romana does not seem very peaceful? Why do you think it carried that name?