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• Grab the Country that Isn't worksheet in the basket- read and complete questions• You may need a calculator
The Middle East: Iraq
Objective: To recognize and discuss the history, people, culture, and
current day situation of Iraq.
Part I History:
Early Civilizations of Mesopotamia
3000 BC• Ancient Sumerians
settle in Southern Mesopotamia
• Ancient Sumerians built the world’s 1st cities.
The Persian, Hellenistic & Classical Periods:
500 BC• The Persian Empire
conquered Mesopotamia
• The Empire later became part of the famous Alexander the Greats’ large Empire
• Arabs conquer Mesopotamia
• People begin to convert to Islam
600 A.D.
•Mesopotamia becomes part of the Ottoman Empire
The Post- Classical Period & the 20th c.:
1500 AD 1921• After WWI, Great
Britain takes over the region- mandates• British put King
Feisal- • Son of ruler of Mecca
(an outsider) in power
The 20th c. Iraq:
• Socialist Ba’ath Party takes power
• Ba’ath leader Saddam Hussein becomes the President of Iraq
1968 1979• British
installed monarchy overthrown & internal revolts
1958
1980-1988 Iraq-Iran War• Iraq invades Iran under Hussein’s leadership
• Iran fights back• Iraq-Iran War damages both economies and many
killed = disaster
Saddam in Power: 1990
• Iraq invades Kuwait• Worries world because
don’t want Iraq to have their oil resources
• Increased worry about Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction- biological/ chemical
• Persian Gulf War- lasts 6 weeks
• An alliances of countries led by US forces Iraqis out of Kuwait
• Saddam refuses to accept UN Peace terms
• UN places an embargo (trade limit) on Iraq ; their economy suffers as a result
1991
•Further Rebellions •Saddam refuses to cooperate with UN after asked to stop all military activity & ALLOW inspectors into country
1992-2000
20th c. Iraq
2001• Sept. 11 2001 terrorist attacks
on US • Increase tension between US
and Iraq (US thinks he’s related in some way)
• Bush orders to attack Iraqi targets and destroy weapons of Mass destruction
• Few months later Saddam found hiding in an underground hole in Iraq (is executed in 2006 for “crimes against humanity”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_A77N5WKWM
Part II People & Culture:
• Iraq= size of Cali (26 million pple) • Most pple. live in cities Ethnic Groups: – Most pple belong to two major groups: • Arabs• Kurds
– Arabs are the largest group & make up more than 75% of the pop.
– Speak country’s official lang. – Kurds- smaller groups & minority- 15-20% of pop. Mostly
farmers & live in Northern Iraq- speak Kurdish Religion:• All Iraqis both Arab & Kurdish are Muslim- within Iraq have
two branches:• Sunni- 35% of population & live in North • Shia/ Shiite – 60% live in South
Part III Iraq Today:
Rebuilding Baghdad: • Capital of Baghdad was badly damaged in recent war• 6 million pple suffered from lack of electricity & running water
(US millions & private contractors help restore powers)• Helped rebuild homes, businesses & schools Government & Economy: • Jan 2005 Iraqis participate in democracy for the 1st time ever • Millions went to the polls to elect members to Natl. Assembly • Build new govt. & try to recover economy • In 1970s Iraq was world’s 2nd largest exporter (have oil as
resources) also wide plains and fertile soil- grow barley, cotton, rice
• Decades of harsh govt & wars = Future peace? • Rebuilding schools, hospitals, roads, and other improvements
may take years