• With winter coming you will see signs for Frost heaves. What are they and how are they formed?

Do now – Question

Reminder of Homework• You should be done reading chapter 9• Monday – FCA essay on Global Climate Change –

Handout. • Posted on Wiki site

Quick Review• Transition Demographics – explain the chart

below. Please write out your answer(s).

New material – Chapter 9• No-tilling farming• What is it and why is important?• Agriculture vs. Cropland vs. Rangeland• How and why soil gets degraded• How and why did agriculture come to be?

New material – Chapter 9• No-tilling farming vs. tilling

New material – Chapter 9• Cropland

New material – Chapter 9• Rangeland

New material – Chapter 9• Soil formation:• Parent material• Bedrock• Weathering of the rock• Physical versus chemical• Soil profile - Horizontal

New material – Chapter 9• Weathering of the rock• Physical versus chemical

New material – Chapter 9• Soil profile – Horizontal• O Horizon, then A, E, B, C, R• Topsoil vs. clay• Page 230 (top of page)• Land degradation and erosion• Desertification• The dust bowl

New material – Chapter 9• Soil formation:

New material – Chapter 9• The Dust Bowl• How did this happen and when?

New material – Chapter 9• Traditional agriculture• Monoculture – give an example and give an

example of how or when it failed.• In the 1840’s, the Irish Potato Famine hit. What

was the impact?• Population shift? Political? Cultural?