Doc.: IEEE 15-08-0314-00-004e TG4e May 2008 Pat Kinney, Kinney Consulting LLC Slide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks

doc.: IEEE 15-08-0314-00-004e

TG4e

May 2008

Pat Kinney, Kinney Consulting LLCSlide 1

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: TG4e Opening Report for Jacksonville May 2008Date Submitted: May 2008Source: Pat Kinney, Kinney Consulting LLC Contact: Pat Kinney, Kinney Consulting LLCVoice: +1 847 960-3715, E-Mail: [email protected]: TG4e Opening Report for May 2008 SessionAbstract: Opening Report for the TG4e Session in Jacksonville, FLPurpose: Amendments to IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered

as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

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TG4e PAR Scope of Proposed Standard The intention of this amendment is to enhance and add functionality to

the 802.15.4-2006 MAC to a) better support the industrial markets and b) permit compatibility with modifications being proposed within the Chinese WPAN.

Specifically, the MAC enhancements are limited to:• TDMA: to provide a) determinism, b) enhanced utilization of

bandwidth• Channel Hopping: to provide additional robustness in high

interfering environments and enhance coexistence with other wireless networks

• GTS: to increase its flexibility such as a) supporting peer to peer, b) the length of the slot, and c) number of slots

• CSMA: to improve throughput and reduce energy consumption• Security: to add support for additional options such as asymmetrical

keys• Low latency: to reduce end to end delivery time such as needed for

control applications

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Purpose of Proposed Standard

This functionality facilitates Industrial applications (such as addressed by HART 7 and the ISA100 proposed standards), and those enhancements defined by the proposed Chinese WPAN standard that aren't included in TG4c. This amendment addresses coexistence with wireless protocols such as 802.11, 802.15.1, 802.15.3, and 802.15.4.

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May 2008


Meeting Goals

Review key definitions, approve them Review 802.15.4e application presentations Define various efforts necessary to accommodate

NAN applications Organize Effort Groups Issue Call for Proposals

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TG4e Meetings This WeekMtg Tuesday Wednesday ThursdayAM1 Discuss Technical impact

of NAN,Define effort groups

AM2 Opening, Definitions

PM1App Presentations

Prioritize efforts, effort group organization

PM2 App Presentations Closing meeting, Roadmap discussion, Issue Call for Proposals

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The IEEE-SA strongly recommends that at each WG meeting the chair or a designee:

– Show slides #1 through #4 of this presentation– Advise the WG attendees that:

• The IEEE’s patent policy is consistent with the ANSI patent policy and is described in Clause 6 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws;

• Early identification of patent claims which may be essential for the use of standards under development is strongly encouraged;

• There may be Essential Patent Claims of which the IEEE is not aware. Additionally, neither the IEEE, the WG, nor the WG chair can ensure the accuracy or completeness of any assurance or whether any such assurance is, in fact, of a Patent Claim that is essential for the use of the standard under development.

– Instruct the WG Secretary to record in the minutes of the relevant WG meeting: • That the foregoing information was provided and that slides 1 through 4 (and this slide 0, if applicable)

were shown; • That the chair or designee provided an opportunity for participants to identify patent claim(s)/patent

application claim(s) and/or the holder of patent claim(s)/patent application claim(s) of which the participant is personally aware and that may be essential for the use of that standard

• Any responses that were given, specifically the patent claim(s)/patent application claim(s) and/or the holder of the patent claim(s)/patent application claim(s) that were identified (if any) and by whom.

– The WG Chair shall ensure that a request is made to any identified holders of potential essential patent claim(s) to complete and submit a Letter of Assurance.

– It is recommended that the WG chair review the guidance in IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual 6.3.5 and in FAQs 12 and 12a on inclusion of potential Essential Patent Claims by incorporation or by reference.

Note: WG includes Working Groups, Task Groups, and other standards-developing committees with a PAR approved by the IEEE-SA Standards Board.

Instructions for the WG Chair

(Optional to be shown)

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Participants, Patents, and Duty to InformAll participants in this meeting have certain obligations under the IEEE-SA Patent Policy. Participants:

“Shall inform the IEEE (or cause the IEEE to be informed)” of the identity of each “holder of any potential Essential Patent Claims of which they are personally aware” if the claims are owned or controlled by the participant or the entity the participant is from, employed by, or otherwise represents

“Personal awareness” means that the participant “is personally aware that the holder may have a potential Essential Patent Claim,” even if the participant is not personally aware of the specific patents or patent claims

“Should inform the IEEE (or cause the IEEE to be informed)” of the identity of “any other holders of such potential Essential Patent Claims” (that is, third parties that are not affiliated with the participant, with the participant’s employer, or with anyone else that the participant is from or otherwise represents)

The above does not apply if the patent claim is already the subject of an Accepted Letter of Assurance that applies to the proposed standard(s) under consideration by this group

Quoted text excerpted from IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws subclause 6.2

Early identification of holders of potential Essential Patent Claims is strongly encouraged

No duty to perform a patent searchSlide #1

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Patent Related LinksAll participants should be familiar with their obligations under the IEEE-SA Policies & Procedures for standards development.Patent Policy is stated in these sources:

IEEE-SA Standards Boards Bylawshttp://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sect6-7.html#6IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manualhttp://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3

Material about the patent policy is available at http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/pat-material.html

Slide #2

If you have questions, contact the IEEE-SA Standards Board Patent Committee Administrator at [email protected] or visit http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/index.html

This slide set is available at http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/pat-slideset.ppt

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Call for Potentially Essential Patents• If anyone in this meeting is personally aware of

the holder of any patent claims that are potentially essential to implementation of the proposed standard(s) under consideration by this group and that are not already the subject of an Accepted Letter of Assurance: – Either speak up now or– Provide the chair of this group with the identity of the holder(s) of

any and all such claims as soon as possible or– Cause an LOA to be submitted

Slide #3

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Other Guidelines for IEEE WG Meetings

All IEEE-SA standards meetings shall be conducted in compliance with all applicable laws, including antitrust and competition laws.

Don’t discuss the interpretation, validity, or essentiality of patents/patent claims.

Don’t discuss specific license rates, terms, or conditions. Relative costs, including licensing costs of essential patent claims, of different technical

approaches may be discussed in standards development meetings. Technical considerations remain primary focus

Don’t discuss or engage in the fixing of product prices, allocation of customers, or division of sales markets.

Don’t discuss the status or substance of ongoing or threatened litigation. Don’t be silent if inappropriate topics are discussed … do formally object.

--------------------------------------------------------------- See IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual, clause 5.3.10 and “Promoting Competition and Innovation:

What You Need to Know about the IEEE Standards Association's Antitrust and Competition Policy” for more details.

Slide #4

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May 2008


TG4e OfficersChair: Patrick Kinney

Vice Chair: Seong-Soon Joo, Phil Beecher

Secretary: Phil Beecher

Technical Editor: Ludwig Winkel, Zafer Sahinoglu, Liang Li

Editing Advisor: Jay Bain

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Jan 2008


Chair’s Role• http://ieee802.org/Mike_Spring_Article_on_Stds_Process.

pdf…the chairperson of the working group is key to what and

how fast a standard is produced.

The chair of the committee acts as a facilitator with little power to legislate. The chair must be knowledgeable about the subject but also know how a standard may be used by various segments of the industry. A chairperson should be a leader-diplomat-observer, in equal proportions. Also, the chairperson should not be a doer, perfectionist or obstructionist. This is consistent with the view of the chairperson as a skilled leader with strong negotiation skills who delegates.

http://ieee802.org/Mike_Spring_Article_on_Stds_Process.pdf

http://ieee802.org/Mike_Spring_Article_on_Stds_Process.pdf

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CFA CALL FOR APPLICATIONS:Candidate contributions are requested for the IEEE P802.15 MAC amendment Task Group (TG4e) for

Applications. The intent of the proposed amendment is to enhance and add functionality to the 802.15.4-2006 MAC

to a) better support the industrial markets and b) permit compatibility with modifications being proposed within the Chinese WPAN. The PAR for the proposed task group is captured in document (15-07-859-03-0000). If parties are interested but are not able to submit an application within sixty days, please send a letter of intent with an estimate of when an application could be expected.

RELEASE DATE: January 16, 2008CLOSE DATE: March 16, 2008Please submit your application descriptions to the 802.15.TG4e acting Chair, Pat Kinney (

[email protected]).

mailto:[email protected]

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CFA (continued) BackgroundIEEE P802.15.4-MAC amendment Task Group (TG4e) has been chartered to create an amendment to the

IEEE802.15.4 MAC. Industrial applications (such as addressed by HART 7 and the ISA100 proposed standards) have used the

802.15.4-2006 standard with modifications to the MAC to suit these environments. Additionally, the proposed Chinese WPAN standard also includes MAC enhancements that cannot be included in TG4c due to its scope.

Relevant documents presented in support of the proposed enhancements include:• 15-07-0793-01-wng0_case-new-802-15-4-mac-revision.ppt• 15-07-0901-00-004e• 15-07-0719-01-wng0-issues-with-superframe-structure-ieee-802-15-4-2006• 15-07-0935-00-004e• 15-08-0024-01-004e• 15-08-0030-01-004e• 15-08-0025-00-004eThis Call for Applications (CFA) solicits data that will help the task group in its efforts. Documents that

are already in the IEEE archives can be submitted to this call by providing the reference number. Modified documents should be resubmitted.

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TG4e Efforts/Quality

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Proposed TG4e Baseline Schedule

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Definitions GTS: Ben Rolfe Channel Hopping: Chol Su Kang TDMA: Paul Dixon Superframe Structure: Betty Zhao• Frame Structure: Phil Beecher Time Sync – Chol Su Kang• Mesh – Allan Zhu Reliability – Tatsuji Munaka QoS – Betty Zhao CSMA/CCA – Paul Dixon Phy Support – Henk De Ruitjer Security enhancements – Paul Dixon• Modeling / Simulation – Pat Kinney Management / Support - Ben Rolfe

May 2008


Legend approved proposed• no proposal received

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DefinitionsGTS Enhancements: • Extend the existing GTS mechanism in 802.15.4-2006 and enhance GTS management and

maintenance. • Purpose: To address the need for greater control (bounding) of latency, reduce latency,

improve delivery reliability for reduced jitter, enable more efficient use of the channel (better payload bits/raw bit rate ratio);

• Application Need:– Support for latency sensitive content as required in interactive applications;– Ability to improve payload/overhead ratio for time critical content;– Reduce packet loss as seen by the next higher layer;

• Scope: Modify existing MAC with additions and enhancements while preserving interoperability with legacy devices (MAC to MAC) and compatibility with the legacy next-higher-layer(s).

May 2008


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DefinitionsChannel Hopping:• Channel Hopping is a coordinated channel usage scheme. Channel hopping devices in the

wireless sensor network are synchronized and select a channel in each synchronized interval (e.g. timeslot) using specified channel hopping sequence. Channels used in the hopping sequence are based on the IEEE 802.15.4:2006 channels in the 2.4 GHz band. The IEEE 802.15.4:2006 physical layer (2.4 GHz, DSSS) includes 16 channels, numbered 11 through 26. Channel hopping provides channel diversity and help maintaining robust and reliable communication links.

May 2008


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DefinitionsSuperframe:• In the beacon-enabled PAN, a superframe structure can be used optionally. The format of

the superframe is defined by the coordinator. A superframe must have a beacon frame transmitting in its first slot and can optionally have an active portion and an inactive portion. The beacons are used to synchronize the attached devices, to identify the PAN, and to describe the structure of the superframes. The active portion is divided into equally sized slots and is composed of several parts. Each part contains whole number of consecutive slots and use one certain method to access channel, such as contention, contention-free and any other appropriate methods. Depending on the accessing method, an accessing mechanism is chose, such as CSMA and TDMA. In the inactive portion, the coordinator may enter a low-power (sleep) mode.

• In the nonbeacon-enabled PAN, a superframe structure is not used. （ Reference: Paragraph 5.5.1 and 7.5.1 in Std 802.15.4-2006 ）

May 2008


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DefinitionsTime Division Multiple Access (TDMA):• TDMA is a mechanism for dividing up time and allocating it for use by a connection

between two or more devices. Unlike GTS which does this on a fairly coarse scale, TDMA allocations can be defined to be multiples of a much smaller unit of time.

May 2008


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DefinitionsQuality of Service (QoS):• QoS is a metric of the network’s capability of providing a target service to certain flow

utilizing available network resources in the environment of various services coexisting in a PAN and operating in a shared media. The metric may include such parameters as latency, throughput, and reliability of transmission to a certain flow. To achieve the goal, some methods, such as prioritizing and queuing frames, service classification, resource scheduling and data rate control, can be done.

• Scope: 1. Latency

• Latency of accessing channel: from receiving a MAC command to transmitting frame successfully (including retries before transmission) • Latency of association and re-association

2. Bandwidth - Bulk transfer: data burst during a few seconds (may increase bandwidth according to the requirement)

3. Throughput 4. Reliability

1. Packet loss 2. Reliable reception of broadcast/multicast frame

May 2008


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DefinitionsCarrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA):• CSMA is the scheme that is essentially one step short of anarchy. Any node may send a

message during the Contention Access Period where CSMA rules apply. Under such conditions, the potential for conflict and wasted air time is great. Various schemes are imposed to minimise harmful collision. These include Carrier Sense to ensure that no node attempts to start a transmission while there is another transmission in progress. There are ransom back off schemes to minimise the probability that two nodes will begin their transmissions at exactly the same time. The optimum range for this random back off time is dependent on the number of competing nodes. The efficiency of a system can be enhanced by the use of adaptive schemes which iteratively attempt to estimate the number of competitors and adjust the range of their backoff periods depending on this figure to achieve a more optimal performance and higher efficiency and throughput.

May 2008


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DefinitionsReliability:• In many industrial systems, it is indispensable to provide high reliability to end users. We can

define the reliability with five aspects:1. Fault detection - When a fault occurs, it first detects the fault. This is called fault localization.2. Fault diagnosis - After localizing the fault, it diagnoses the localized parts such as nodes or

links in the system. 3. Fault recovery - Then it executes a recovery procedure according to a pre-defined system

service. As a result, it removes the fault from the system and may change it to degenerated mode.

4. Fault analysis - Even though the system goes back to normal status, the system integrator has a responsibility to explain the causes of system-fault and its proposal for relapse prevention.

5. Reproduce of the fault - If it can not remove the faults, the system integrator is required to reproduce the faults at another backup system. In general, fault management is handled by applications or network management systems.

However, current fault management mechanisms are not sufficient to apply the wireless system to industrial systems. In this TG, fault detection and fault recovery which are related with MAC specification are mainly discussed.

May 2008


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DefinitionsSecurity: There are two major aspects to Security:1. control who may join a network

– Admission control requires some enhancement to meet the needs of managed systems in the Smart Grid utility world.

2. ensure that transmissions may not be understood by eavesdroppers. – Encryption is used to achieve the second of these requirements, existing schemes under evaluation by the

communications standards are adequate for this purpose

Yet such schemes are probably too complex for many home installations. It is probable that a number of levels of security need to be offered, ranging from:

1. little or no admission control, 2. minimizing the window of opportunity by push button admission to fully encrypted authorization. 3. Fully encrypted admission control will be required for utility based Smart Grid applications, where the

scheme will entail each node, as well as having a MAC address, having a private encryption key. The key for any authorized node will be known by the utility admission controller and request for admission will be sent encrypted with that key in order that the admission controller can have confidence the MAC address is not being spoofed.

4. Discussion: should authentication be added to this definition? this definition will be discussed on reflector before next call

May 2008


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DefinitionsPHY support:• Adding support to improve the PHY performance in terms of QoS, coexistence and

overall system energy consumption by enhanced control of PHY related parameters using control from the MAC via existing PIBs or additional (new) PIBs when needed. The added support may include provision for Antenna Diversity, CCA, CSMA, Frequency Hopping / AFA (Adaptive Frequency Agility).

May 2008


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DefinitionsManage/Support:• Additions to the MAC to better support network forming, configuring and maintenance,

manage device configuration and options;• Purpose:

– Support the control of all the nifty new features we are adding as part of 4e;– Support NHL applications for better (automatic) control and maintenance of the node and network;

• Application Need:– Reduce latency involved with network forming such as device association and re-association;– Provide better support for upper-layer network management needs, such as mesh forming and maintaining;– Provide better visibility and control of QoS and MAC performance;– Scope: While preserving interoperability with legacy devices, NMS enhancements include:– Additional MLME service definitions,– New MAC management frames, New and/or enhanced Superframe structure; Mechanisms to control QoS

parameters which are being enabled;– Mechanisms used to identification of node capabilities;– Additional MAC functions for assessment of performance monitoring

May 2008
