September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

ISO TC204 CALMStatus presented to IEEE 802.11

15 September 2003Presenter: Knut Evensen

Q-Free

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Outline

• Overview of standardisation bodies• What is CEN - DSRC?• Overview of

ISO TC204 - Intelligent Transport Systems WG16 - Wide Area Communications - CALM

414.09-040-96

Standardisation – an overviewGeneralGeneral ElectroElectro Comm.Comm. ITIT

JTC1

ICTSB

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

CEN TC/278 Road Transport

and Traffic Telematics

CEN TC278 - Road Transport and Traffic Telematics

WG CEN TC278 RTTT Nation Convenor 1 Electronic Fee Collection NL H. Stoelhorst 2 Freight and Fleet Management F Rennesson 3 Public Transport F Franchineau 4 Traffic & Traveller Information GB P. Burton 5 Traffic Control GB T. Sullivan 6 Parking Management F J.P.de Borgo 7 Geographic Road Database D W. Zechnall 8 Road data/elaboration, storage, distrib. NL H. de Winter 9 Dedicated Short Range Communication D C.Rokitanski 10 Man-machine Interfaces D C. Heinrich 11 Subsystem/Intersystem Interfaces GB 12 Automatic Vehicle and Equipment ID N K.Evensen 13 Architecture and Terminology GB R.Williams 14 After-theft Systems for Vehicle Recovery F J.P.Paschal

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

CENDSRC

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

What is DSRC?• Dedicated Short Range Communication• Dedicated = Developed for ITS• Short-Range = 1 – 40 meters, typ 8-10 m

– 2W EIRP ASK downlink (roadside – vehicle)– 50mW DPSK reflected uplink (veh – roadside)– Passive mixing reflector – no RF generated in vehicle

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

DSRC Profiles (EN13372)

DSRC Physical Layer 1 (EN12253)

DSRC Data Link Layer 2 (EN12795)

DSRC Application Layer 7 (EN12834)

ETC Application(ISO14906)

InitialisationData Transfer

Logical Link ControlMedium Access Control

Frequency SpectrumInterference levelsModulation ++

Data/AttributesETC functions

Selection of parametersInter-layer management

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

ETSI ERM TG37

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

ETSI ERM TG37• A new Topic Group

dedicated to ITS communication• Very good relation to CALM• Chairman is Bob Williams

• TG37 will look at:– Spectrum matters 5-6 GHz for Europe– Cellular convergence standards– Testing and formal protocol verification

• Please see www.etsi.org ERM forum

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

ISO TC/204 IntelligentTransportSystems

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Objectives of TC204 include:-• ITS architectures, terminology & data registrars.• Protocols and methods for communications between

traffic-control & emergency-call centers, as well as to & from vehicles.

• Automatic vehicle & equipment identification.• Interoperability of Location-Based information.• Characteristics & performance of ITS-related vehicle-

to-infrastructure and inter-vehicle communications, for driver assistance & guidance.

• International, multimodal end-to-end people & freight transport.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Structure of TC/204[ WG4, 10,14,15,16 of interest to comms.]

ISO/TC204 Intelligent Transport SystemsWG1 Architecture R.K. Williams – U.K.

WG3 TICS Database Technology M. Shibata - Japan

WG4 Automatic Vehicle Identification (CEN WG12) K. Evensen - Norway

WG5 Fee & Toll Collection (CEN WG1) H. Stoelhorst – Netherlands

WG6 General Fleet Management Merged with WG7

WG7 General Fleet Management & Commercial/Freight R. Sabounghi - Canada

WG8 Public Transport/Emergency A. Kiepper – U.S.A.

WG9 Integrated Transport Information, Management & Control D. Clowes – U.K.

WG10 Traveler Information Systems P. Burton – U.K.

WG11 Route Guidance & Navigation Systems Convenor TBD

WG14 Vehicle/Roadway Warning & Control Systems K. Yamada - Japan

WG15 Dedicated Short Range Communications (CEN WG9) C. Rokitansky - Germany

WG16 Wide Area Communications/Protocols & Interfaces R. Shields – U.S.A.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

ISO TC/204 WG16Wide Area Comms

CALM

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

ISO TC204 WG16 Wide Area Communication

WG 16R. Shields

SWG 16.2Networking

H. Wakayama

SWG 16.1CALM

B. Williams

SWG 16.0ArchitectureK. Evensen

SWG 16.3Probe

T. Kishi

CALM Cellular CALM IR

CALM 60GHzCALM M5

CALM NetworkCALM Architect.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

CALM - Overall• Continuous Air interface

for Long and Medium distance

• Support continuous communications • Support master/slave and peer-peer modes• Support user transparent networking• Support handover spanning multiple media, media providers

and beacons

• Very ambitious timescale – ISO test-case for fast development

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

CALM Applications

• Support of Internet services – invisible handover –(mostly) media independent

• Support of traditional ITS apps – media independent through DSRC L7

• New generation of applications:– Major push in safety – Vehicle Safety Communication– New commercial applications made possible by high

data rate & long range.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

CALM -IETF • A very good liaison to the Internet Engineering

Task Force has been set up• Main support from experts at Keio university T.

ERNST /K. UEHARA• CALM concept is forwarded to IETF to make

various groups aware of mobility requirements• IETF NEMO (Network Mobility) group is closely

following CALM. Will be the contact point to IETF

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

NEMO Concept

CALM classic architecture

ISO TC204 ITS APPLICATIONS

IPv6 layer

TCP UDP

Media Selection

NetworkSwitching

Roaming Control

QoS

Stream &RealtimeProtocols

ISODSRC

L7

HTTP/SMTP

Protocols

MAC

5 GHz

InitHnd-ovr

SecurMAC

2.5GCellular

InitHnd-ovr

SecurUMTS

3GCellular

InitHnd-ovr

Secur

L2/UDP

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

CALM abstract architecture

- Standards that are outside CALM scope SAP - Service Access Point – Data Transfer

SAP - Service Access Point – Management

Media Function blocks shown above may be partof a more comprehensive communications device.

2G cellular std by reference

CALM 2G ManagerISO 21212

SAP

NetworkingManagementISO 21210-3

CALMsystem

ManagementEntity(CME)

ISO 21210-2

NETWORK INTERFACERouting and Media Switching based on IPv6

ISO 21210-1

Non-CALM-awarePoint-to-point

APPLICATIONS

Convergence LayerISO 15628/

ISO 21210-5SAP

CALM-AwareAPPLICATIONS

Layer 5-7INTERNET STANDARDS

SAP

SAP SAP

Common Station,PHY, MAC, LLC

Managers ISO 21210-4

SAP

SAP

SAP

SAP

Directory ServicesISO 21210-5 SAP

SAP

Non-CALM-awareIP (Internet)

APPLICATIONS

Convergence LayerIP socket/

ISO 21210-5SAP

SAPSAP

SAP

CALM MM

CALM MM ManagerISO 21216

SAP

CALM M5

CALM M5 ManagerISO 21215

SAP

CALM IR

CALM IR ManagerISO 21214

SAP

3G cellular std by reference

CALM 3G ManagerISO 21213

SAP

In- Vehicle Network

Lower Layers

In-Vehicle NetConvergence

ISO 212??

SAP

In-Vehicle App

Sensors and Control

ITS In-Vehicle Network In-vehicle OEM network

CALMNetworkLayer 3-4

Routing

Firewall

Network OE

M G

/W

ITS Application

Layer 5-7

CALM NetworkLayer 3-4

OBE device

INTERNETSERVICE

Layer 5-7

CALM NetworkLayer 3-4

OBE device

CALM M5 PHY

CALM MAC

CALM LLC

NetworkLayer 3-4

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

CALM OBU

NetworkLayer 3-4

Routing

CALMNetworkLayer 3-4

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

Directoryservices

SAP SAP

CME

MLMEPLCP/PLME

SAP

SAP

CME

NME

SAPSAP

CELL Netw

CELL DLL

CellularPHY

ConvergencN-Layer

CALMNetworkLayer 3-4

RoutingCME.OBU

SAP

NME

SAPSAP

ConvergenceConvergence

Convergence

Convergence

CALM Vehicle Architecture 1

Combined Antenna Pod

ITS In-Vehicle Network

RESOURCE MANAGER, ISO14906

CALM NETWORK LAYER – FMIPv6

ITS INTERNETAPPLICATION

SocketTCP/UDP

ApplicationInterfaceISO15628

PACKETHOP

(RUDP)

CALM Routing

IN-VEHICLE NETWORK DATA LINK LAYER

IN-VEHICLE NETWORK PHYSICAL LAYER

VEHICLECOMPUTER

CME

Vehicle-Vehicle

Apllication

Network

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

CALM OBU

CALM M5 PHY

CALM MAC

CALM LLC

Network

CME

MLMEPLCP/PLME

NME

GPRS PHY

GPRS Stack

GPRSConvergence

Network

DSRC L1

DSRC L2/L7

DSRCConvergence

Network

GPS PHY

GPS Stack

GPSConvergence

Network

CALM Routing

Implementation Architecture - Example

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Vehicle - Infrastructure

M5 PHY

CALM MAC

CALM LLC

Network

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

CALM OBU

Network

Routing

CME.OBU

MLMEPLCP/PLME

SAP

SAP

NME

SAPSAP

M5 PHY

CALM MAC

CALM LLC

Network

Fixed network

DLL

Fixed netPHY

CALM BASE STATION

Network

Routing

CME.BS

MLMEPLCP/PLME

SAP

SAP

NME

SAPSAP

Vehicle Computer

ITS Applications

CALM Network

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

CME.VC and

NME

Infrastruct Server

ITS Applications

CALM Network

Fixed network

DLL

Fixed netPHY

CME.IS andNME

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Vehicle - Vehicle

M5 PHY

CALM MAC

CALM LLC

Network

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

CALM OBU

Network

Routing

CME.OBU

MLMEPLCP/PLME

SAP

SAP

NME

SAPSAP

M5 PHY

CALM MAC

CALM LLC

Network

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

CALM OBU

Network

Routing

CME.OBU

MLMEPLCP/PLME

SAP

SAP

NME

SAPSAP

Vehicle Computer

V-V Applications

CALM Network

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

CME.VC and

NME

Vehicle Computer

V-V Applications

CALM Network

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

CME.VC andNME

Infrastructure Architecture - example

Internet Domain C

Domain BDomain A

Home Domain

HA

Vehicle - OBU

BASE STATION(Access Pointor RSU)

CorrespondingNode

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

CALM M5

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Why the 5 GHz spectrum?• Some spectrum available in all countries:

– car unit for global market!• Radio - penetrate walls and “bend around corners”• Based on 802.11 W-LAN standards:

– Many suppliers – no single source problem– Low cost due to competition, high volume and mainstream

components– High reliability due to proven performance and mature developments

of 802.11• High performance from day one:

– 6-54 Mbit/s data rate– 80-1000 meters communication distance

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Why 5 GHz – cont.• 802.11 standards are optimised for both:

– ad-hoc (vehicle-vehicle) as well as – central communication (vehicle-infrastructure)

• Many channels are globally available – physically separated and non-interfering :– Dedicated channels for emergency and safety applications to

avoid contention and interference– Other channels for less critical Internet access and information

downloads– A group of vehicles in a “moving network” can share one

channel, and pass another moving network without any disruption.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Why 5 GHz – cont• The vehicle can commiunicate with normal

IEEE 802.11a access points – your vehicle can access your normal home W-LAN – even through the walls.

SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE

An IEEE 802.11a WLAN radio transfers data directly to an IEEE 802.11a capable vehicle OBU using a channel in the UNII band.

GARAGE

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Extract from formal scope:• CALM-M5 ISO 21215 :Medium and long range, high speed, air

interface parameters and protocols for broadcast, point-point, vehicle-vehicle, and vehicle-point communications in the ITS Sector using MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONS at 5 GHz, including specifications for Master/Slave and Peer to Peer Communications.

• The work item will specify the required communication architecture, interfaces, parameters and protocols for the– Physical Layer– Data Link Layer: Medium Access Control (MAC) and

Logical Link Control (LLC)• Wherever practicable,this Standard will be developed by reference

to suitable extant Standards, adopted by selection. Required regional variations will be provided.

• Due account will be given to, and use made of, any relevant parts of appropriate communications systems, such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), Digital Data Broadcasting (DDB), TETRA, Mobile Broadband Systems (MBS, W-ATM), WLANs, Internet Protocols, and of course, DSRC.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Scope of CALM M5

• The standard:– shall use microwaves in the 5 GHz band as the

transmission medium between (moving or stationary) vehicles and a roadside communications-infrastructure or other (moving or stationary) vehicles;

– shall minimise harmful interference with standardised regional radio unit in this spectrum, e.g. no harmful cross-interference with regional DSRC standards;

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Scope of CALM M5• The Standard:

– shall support vehicle speeds to a minimum of 200km/h;– shall define or reference environmental parameters

relevant to link operation;– shall support latencies and communication delays in the

order of milliseconds;– shall be adaptable to regional/national regulatory

parameters;– may support other regional/national parameters as

applicable.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

5 GHz Band Spectrum

North Ameri

5 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 5,7 5,8 5,9 6

Europe

Japan

ISM band

CALM M5

Unlicen. W-LAN Partly available regionally: ISM +shared unlicenced

Requested from ITU: Global ITS Safety allocation 5.85-5.925

Dedicated ITS (DSRC)

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Spectrum M5

• For global use, the OBUs shall:– Be capable of operating within the range of

5.15 GHz to 5.925 GHz – Support both 10 and 20 MHz channels – Support accurate transmit power control

• RSUs will operate on the regionally allocated frequencies.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Global M5 spectrum config.

• The mobile unit (OBU) shall be configurable when moving between regulatory areas

• The OBU shall not start operation until an authorised source (e.g. fixed, licensed RSU) has provided profile information.

• Profiles may be autonomously initiated if the OBU can ascertain its position.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

M5 Access Methods

• National regulatory bodies can place limitations on channel utilisation and maximum channel usage on a per channel basis, and the unit shall be configurable / programmable to operate within these limitations.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

M5 Directivity• CALM M5 include omni-directional as well as directive patterns. • The standard allow control of multi-sector directed antenna elements.• The standard allow simultaneous operation on multiple channels in the

same or different directions.

September 2003

Knut Evensen, Q-Free

doc.: IEEE 802.11-03/0682-00-000k

Submission

Conclusion

• CALM M5 - likely candidate for the next high-volume ITS communication medium

• The public safety applications requires global spectrum allocations.

A liaison (formal?) to IEEE Tg!