doc.ukdataservice.ac.ukdoc.ukdataservice.ac.uk/doc/3831/mrdoc/word/codebook.doc · Web viewTHE NOTTINGHAM STUDY OF FOOD CHOICE IN LATER LIFE 1994-1996. CODEBOOK. Dr Kevin Morgan

THE NOTTINGHAM STUDY OF FOOD CHOICE IN LATER LIFE 1994-1996

CODEBOOK

Dr Kevin MorganSenior LecturerCentre for Ageing and Rehabilitation StudiesSchool of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of Sheffield

Dr Jeanette M LilleyLecturer in Applied GerontologyDepartment of Health Care of the ElderlyUniversity of NottinghamMedical School

Dr Roger J NealeLecturer in Human NutritionDepartment of Applied Biochemistry and Food ScienceUniversity of Nottingham

Dr Robert M PageLecturer in Social Policy and AdministrationSchool of Social StudiesUniversity of Nottingham

Mr Richard L SilburnSenior Lecturer in Social Policy and AdministrationSchool of Social StudiesUniversity of Nottingham

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study was funded under the Economic and Social Research Council Programme The Nation’s Diet: the Social Science of Food Choice (award reference L209252037). The rural study was funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food under the Food Acceptabilty and Choice Research Programme.

We thank the Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire and Leicestershire Family Health Services Authorities and Local Medical Committees, and participating general practitioners for their support. We are especially grateful to the field interviewers Shelagh Cobb, Jane Gibson, Carol Holland, Irene Milburn, Ros Sparks, Audrey Turney and Dorothy Worville, and to Jennifer Brookes for providing administrative support.

DIET AND HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE

INTERVIE Interviewer name

1 Ros2 Irene3 Shelagh/Audrey4 Jane5 Carol/Dorothy

ID Respondent Identity Number

URBRURAL Urban/rural location

1 Urban2 Rural

GPCODE GP Code

SEX Sex of respondent.

0 Male1 Female

AGE Respondents current age.

RECORDTI Time interview started (24 hour clock eg 14.00)

University of Nottingham 2

CAPE SCORE

The CAPE Score questions were taken from the CAPE (Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly) Information/orientation Sub-Scale. (Pattie and Gilleard, 1979). These questions monitor cognitive status. A score of less than 6 would imply a degree of cognitive impairment associated with mild, moderate or severe dementia. These respondents were excluded from the study because they were felt to be unable to provide reliable interview and diary information.

I’d like to start our interview by asking you a few simple questions. Don’t be alarmed if they sound rather too easy.

CAPE1 Q1. What is your name? (or full name)

0 Incorrect1 Correct

CAPE2 Q2. How old are you?

Code as Q1 - CAPE1

CAPE3 Q3. What is your date of birth?

Code as Q1- CAPE1

CAPE4 Q4. Where are you now?

Code as Ql - CAPE1

CAPE5 Q5. What is the address of this place?

Code as Q1 - CAPE1

CAPE6 Q6. What is the name of this town/city?

Code as Ql - CAPE1

CAPE7 Q7. Total CAPE score (add score and enter here).

If less than ‘6’, interviewers should automatically move on to the diversionary section - unless the respondent only gets their date of birth wrong (data from the FHSA on this point has been erroneous on several occasions). in this case they should be allowed to continue. Please make a note of the date of birth they mention.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Before we talk about your working life, I’d like to ask you a few questions about your time at school and any education or training you might have done since then.

Q1. ED1 How old were you when you started school?

77 Don’t know88 No answer99 Not asked

Q2. ED2 How old were you when you left school? Code as Ql - ED1

Q3. ED3 Number of years of schooling?

Code as Q1 - ED1

Q4. ED4 Did you pass any exams before you left school? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 please skip to Q6).

0 No1 Yes7 Don’t know8 No answer9 Not asked

Q5. ED5 What were they? Ask the respondent to specify which was the highest level attained and enter the appropriate number. Use the list as a running prompt if necessary.

1 School certificate 2 Scottish Lower (SCE) 3 City and Guilds 4 Ordinary level 5 Higher certificate/A level 6 Matriculation 7 Can’t remember 8 No answer 9 Not asked 10 Scottish Higher 11 Overseas school leaving exam/certificate 12 Other (specify)

ED5A Other examinations passed before leaving school? (Open question).

Q6. ED6 Did you obtain any qualifications after

you left school? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to next section).


0 No1 Yes7 Don’t know/can’t remember8 No answer9 Not asked

Q7. ED7 What were they? Ask the respondent to specify which was the highest level attained and enter the appropriate number. Use the list as a running prompt if necessary.

1 ONC/OND/City and Guilds Advanced or final level 2 HNC/HND/City and Guilds full technological certificate3 RSA or other clerical/commercial 4 Teacher training qualification 5 Nursing qualification6 Membership (awarded by professional body)7 Don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked 10 Degree, including higher degree 11 Other work related qualification 12 O level/OA level or GCSE 13 A/AS level/S level 14 Other (specify)

ED7A Other qualification obtained after leaving school. (Open question).

EDALL Education

The variables ED1 to ED7 were combined to produce the following:

0 None (no examinations passed or qualifications obtained at school or after school)1 11 +, intermediate school exam 2 School Certificate, overseas school leaving exam, army certificate of education (School certificate = arithmetic, english, geography and for example cookery and needlework if female and woodwork if male, generally passes at 16 and equivalent to 5 good O levels)3 O levels, including GCSE, City and Guilds, Scottish Lowers 4 Alevels/matriculation, including Scottish Highers, AS and S levels and Higher certificate (The higher certificate and matriculation are essentially the same, the former was around pre 1951 and matriculation post 1951. Generally taken at

Grammar school they would represent the equivalent of 5 good O levels and 2 A

levels).5 Commercial/secretarial courses - Including RSA, Pitmans, EMEU Commercial6 ONC/OND - Including City and Guilds Advanced/Final certificate. General college certificates and courses.7 HNC/HND/City and Guilds Full Technical Certificate, Diplomas8 Work related qualification without School certificate, O's, A's, Matriculation, including Nursing, Teaching, other work related and membership of a professional body.9 Work related qualification with School certificate, O's/A's, Matriculation, including Nursing, Teaching, other work related and membership of a professional body and an education prior to this qualification.10 Degree or Higher Degree11 Don't know/can't remember


CLASSIFICATION

Q1. MSTATUS Changing the subject now can you tell me how you would describe your marital status?

1 Married or cohabiting (if yes go to Q2) 2 Single (if yes skip to Q5) 3 Widowed (if yes skip to Q3) 4 Separated or divorced (if yes skip to Q4) 8 No answer9 Not asked (if 8 or 9 skip to Q5)

Q2. MARRIED How long have you been married? (Go to Q5).

Q3. WIDOWED How long have you been widowed? (Go to Q5).

Q4. DIVORCED How long have you been -separated/divorced?

Q5. RETIRED I'd now like to move on to the kind of things you did during your working life. If you haven't worked either now or in the past, I would be interested to know what kind of work your father or your spouse have done. Have you now retired from paid work? (If 0, 8 or 9 please skip to Q7).

0 No1 Yes8 No answer9 Not asked

Q6. YEARSRET And how long have you been retired?

Q7. WORKING Are you currently doing any part/full time work? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q10).

0 No1 Part time2 Full time8 No answer9 Not asked

Q8. HOURWORK About how many hours on average do you work per week nowadays?

Q9. JOBNOW What is your current occupation? (If none, type none). (Open question, not coded). Now skip to Q11.

Q10. JOBTHEN What was your occupation

immediately before you retired/finished working? (If none, type none). (Open question, not coded).

Interviewers - if the respondent is a married woman with no or no significant work history go to Q21, if they are single and have not worked go to Q 25.

Q11. CLASS11 Have you (did you) always done (do) this kind of work?


Q12. CLASS12 In your previous occupation were you self-employed? (If yes skip to Q14).

Code as Ql l - CLASS11

Q13. CLASS13 Were you a manager, foreman, supervisor or an employee in this job?

1 Manager2 Foreman3 Supervisor4 Employee7 Can't remember8 No answer9 Not asked

Q14. CLASS14 What did the organisation you worked for make or do? (Open question, not coded).

Q15. CLASS15 Was that your usual occupation? (If yes skip to Q17).

Code as Qll - CLASS11

Q16. CLASS16 What was your usual occupation? (Open question, not coded).

Q17. CLASS17 Was this part or full time?

1 Part time2 Full time7 Can't remember8 No answer9 Not asked

Interviewers -if the respondent has given you details of their usual employment, their grade and


whether this was full or part time please now go to Q29.

Q18. CLASS18 Were you self employed? (If yes skip to Q20).

Code as Q11 - CLASS11

Ql9. CLASS19 Were you a manager, foreman, supervisor or an employee?


Q20. CLASS20 What did the organisation you worked for make or do? (Open question, not coded). Now go to Q29.

For widowed, separated, cohabiting, married women ask:

Q21. CLASS21 What was/is your partners/ husbands occupation? (Open question, not coded).

Q22. CLASS22 Is/was he self employed? (If yes skip to Q24).

0 No 1 Yes7 Don't know/can't remember 8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q23. CLASS23 Is/was he a manager, foreman, supervisor or an employee?


Q24. CLASS24 What does/did the organisation he works/worked for make or do? (Open question, not coded). Now go to Q29.

For single women with no occupation/work history. . .

Q25. CLASS25 What was your fathers occupation for most of his life? (Open question, not coded).

Q26. CLASS26 Was he self employed? (if yes skip to Q28).


Q27. CLASS27 Was he a manager, foreman, supervisor or employee?


Q28. CLASS28 What did the organisation he works/worked for make or do? (Open question, not coded).

Q29. VOLWORK Are you doing any unpaid or voluntary work at the moment? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to next section).


Q30. HOURSVOL How many hours do you work (unpaid) each week nowadays?

Q3 1. SGRADE Look up the social class coding of the respondent (manual in office) and enter here.

1 Professional 2 Managerial and technical 3M Manual skilled 3N Non manual skilled 4 Partly skilled 5 Unskilled


HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION

Now we've talked about work, I'd like to move on to ask about anyone who lives here with you and who does a lot of your household jobs.

Q1. LIVEWITH Does anyone else live here with you?


Interviewers if the respondent lives alone fill in their details here and then skip to Q3. For those households with less than 8, fill as Sex=2, Age=3, Rel=O.

Q2. Who else lives here?

SEXR1 Sex of respondent

0 Male1 Female2 Not applicable

AGER1 Age of respondent.

0 0-18 years1 9-64 years2 65 + years3 Not applicable

REL1 Relationship of respondent.

0 Not applicable

SEXR2 Sex of 2nd person

Code as - SEXRI

AGER2 Age of 2nd person

Code as - AGER1

REL2 Relationship of 2nd person to respondent

0 Not applicable1 Spouse/partner 2 Parent of respondent or their spouse/partner 3 Child of respondent or their spouse/partner, includes in-laws and step-children4 Grandchild of respondent or their

spouse/partner

5 Sibling of respondent or their spouse/partner6 Friend of respondent or their spouse/partner7 Other

SEXR3 Sex of 3rd person

Code as - SEXR1

AGER3 Age of 3rd person

Code as Q1 - AGER1

REL3 Relationship of 3rd person to respondent

Code as Q2 - REL2

SEXR4 to SEXR8 Sex of 4th to 8th person

Code as SEXR1

AGER4 to AGER8 Age of 4th to 8th person

Code as - AGER1

REL4 to REL8 Relationship of 4th to 8th person to respondent

Code as - REL2

NOINHOME (Enter number in household).

Q3. HEADHOME Who is the head of the household? Enter number between O and 7 from relationship list (Q2 - REL2). If respondent lives alone/is head of household enter 0. Households considered to be joint code as 8.

Q4. ETHNIC How would you describe your ethnic origin (racial background)? Show the respondent showcard number 1.

1 UK white2 White other3 UK black4 Black African5 Black Caribbean6 Black other7 Indian8 Pakistani9 Bangladeshi10 Chinese11 Other Asian12 Other (specify)88 No answer


99 Not asked

ETHNICA Respondents ethnic origin - other. (Open question, not coded).

Q5. BORNIN In which country were you born? If 1 - 4 skip to Q7.

1 England2 Scotland 3 Wales 4 Ireland 5 Other European country 6 Caribbean 7 African country8 India/Pakistan/Bangladesh9 North America 10 Central or South America 11 Australia/New Zealand 12 Other (specify) 88 No answer 99 Not asked

BORNINA Country respondent born in - other. (Open question, not coded).

Q6. LIVEDHER How long have you lived in this country?

Q7. ETHNIC2 Was anyone else in the household born outside the UK? If the answer is no and the respondent lives alone skip to Q10. If no but they live with others skip to Q9.


Q8. ETHNIC3 to ETHIC6 Which country(ies) do they come from originally? Enter appropriate number from list from Q5 - BORNIN.

Now I know more about your background, could you tell me a little about who does various household jobs. Firstly ...

Q9. HELPOTHE Do you help anyone in the household with daily tasks like washing, dressing, shopping etc., because they cannot do it for themselves?

0 No1 Yes8 No answer

9 Not askedInterviewer - you may ask who this is but we won’t record the information.

Q10. HELPYOU Does anyone help you with washing, dressing, shopping, etc., because you cannot do it yourself?

Code as Q9 - HELPOTHE Interviewer - you may ask who this is but we won't record the information.

Q11. HELPOUT Do you help anyone outside the home with washing, dressing, shopping, etc., because they cannot do it for themselves?

Code as HELPOTHE Interviewer you may ask who this is but we won 't record this information.

Q12. HOUSEWOR Who usually does most of the housework?

1 Respondent 2 Respondent's spouse/partner3 Other members of the household 4 Person(s) outside the household 5 Voluntary or statutory workers outside the household6 Shared between some or all of the above 7 Nobody 8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q13. LAUNDRY The laundry?

Code as Q12 - HOUSEWOR

Q14. COOKING The cooking?


Q15. FOODSHOP And lastly the food shopping?


Q16. Who does (the person cooking most of the meals substitute appropriate name) cook for during a typical week?

0 No1 Yes7 Don't know/not sure8 No answer


9 Not asked

COOKFOR1 Does the person who cooks cook for the respondent?

COOKFOR2 Does the person who cooks cook for respondents family resident in the same house?

COOKFOR3 Does the person who cooks cook for the respondents family resident elsewhere?

COOKFOR4 Does the person who cooks cook for friends and neighbours?

COOKFOR5 Does the person who cooks cook for anyone else?

COOKFOR6 Who else does the person who cooks cook for? (Open question, not coded).

Q17. Who does (the person doing most of the food shopping substitute appropriate name) shop for in a typical week?

Code as COOKFOR1

SHOPFOR1 Does the person who shops shop for the respondent?

SHOPFOR2 Does the person who shops shop for respondents family resident in the same house?

SHOPFOR3 Does the person who shops shop for respondents family resident elsewhere?

SHOPFOR4 Does the person who shops shop for friends/neighbours?

SHOPFOR5 Does the person who shops shop for anyone else?

SHOPFOR6 Who else does the person who shops shop for? (Open question, not coded).

For those living alone skip to Q20.

You have already mentioned that you live with (substitute appropriate name/s, relationship/s) could you tell me...

Q18. OTHWORK Do any of the people living here work part or full time? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q20).

0 No

1 Yes8 No answer9 Not asked

Q19. NOWORK How many of them?

Q20. OTHCASH Does anyone other than yourself contribute to your housekeeping money?

0 No1 Yes2 Lives with someone who pays all expenses8 No answer9 Not asked


HOUSING TENURE

I'm now going to ask you some questions about your home.

Q1. LIVED How long have you lived in current home?

Q2. RENTOWN Do you rent or own this house or flat?

1 Own/Mortgaged 2 Rent3 Occupy rent free 4 Shared ownership scheme 5 House owned by relative or friend6 Other (specify) 8 No answer 9 Not asked

RENTOWN1 Tenure of house - other (open question, not coded).

Q3. COUNCIL Did you ever rent this flat or house from the council? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Q7).

0 No 1 Yes7 Can't remember/don't know 8 No answer9 Not asked

Q4. BUYCOUN Did you buy it from the council? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q7).


Q5. WHENBUY When did you buy it? Code as decimal. Now go to Q7.

Q6. RENTFROM Is your home rented from running prompt...

1 Nottingham City Council or another council2 Housing association (Shared ownership, flexible tenure) 3 Private landlord 4 Other (specify) 5 Don't know8 No answer9 Not asked

RENTFRO1 Rented from other (open question, not coded).

Q7. TENURE Enter the appropriate number for the tenure of the dwelling. If not sure check with respondent.

1 Owner occupied2 Shared ownership with housing association3 Rented privately - furnished4 Rented privately -unfurnished5 Rented with a job or business6 Rented from a housing association7 Rented from local authority or council8 Shared with owner occupier who is a friend or relative9 Other (specify)10 Not able to ascertain

TENURE1 Other tenure (open question, not coded).


FACILITIES FOR COOKING AND STORING FOOD

Hand the respondent showcard 2.

Q1. In your current home do you have any of these appliances?

0 No1 Yes8 No answer9 No answer

GASCOOK Gas cooker.

ELECCOOK Electric cooker.

HOTWATER Hot running water.

CAR Car.

PHONE Telephone.

KETTLE Electric kettle.

LARDER Larder or pantry.

MIXER Food mixer or processor.

TVRADIO TV and radio (must have both).

MICROWAV Microwave oven.

FREEZER Freezer (including an ice box).

FRIDGE Fridge.

If 1, 8 or 9 skip to Q3. If no to fridge ask..

Q2. NOFRIDGE Why don’t you have a fridge?(Open question). Skip to Q4.

WHYNOF Why no fridge? (Coded).

1 No reason2 No need3 Use pantry4 Use cellar5 Nor often at home6 Buys very little food7 Can’t afford

Q3. FRISTOCK Do you keep it stocked with

food?

Code as Q1 - GASCOOK

If no to microwave ask...

Q4. NOMICRO Why do you have no microwave? (Open question).

NOMICRO1 AND NOMICRO2 Why do you have no microwave (Coded).

1 Unnecessary/not needed (no more information)2 Don’t cook enough/don’t cook at all3 Not in a hurry4 Not enough people to justify5 Don’t appeal/don’t like/don’t fancy (no more information)6 Bad for you/health risk7 Don’t trust8 Frightened/radioactive/unsafe9 Unnatural10 Don’t like taste11 Prefers slow /traditional/normal cooking12 Don’t know how to use/technology too advanced/wouldn’t adapt to13 Can’t afford14 No room15 Not allowed due to medical condition (pacemaker)16 About to/thinking about/buying17 Broken/not replaced/not used18 Never wanted one/don’t want one19 Don’t know what it is20 Bad for food21 Eyesight too bad to see dials22 Never bothered/don’t know why not got one23 No reason24 Never really thought about it25 Bad reports about them from friends/relatives26 Missing information27 Eat ready meals (don’t go in microwave)

Ask the respondent if you can place a thermometer in their fridge. Explain that this is just a quick way of checking the temperature of the cavity. (The thermometer should be placed on the top shelf of the fridge - avoid putting it in the door or in the base of the fridge as these are the warmest spots. Do not rest the thermometer on any frozen food which is defrosting in the fridge. Make sure the door is shut properly and avoid letting the respondent open the fridge door too often, as this will affect the temperature of the fridge cavity. Leave the thermometer in the fridge until you are about too leave. Note down the temperature before


you remove the thermometer).

If the respondent has no freezer skip to the next section.

Q5. CAPACITY How much food can you get in your freezer - does it take just a few small packets or is it big enough to cope with a large joint of meat or a Christmas turkey?

1 Small packets only 2 Can cope with large items8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q6. FRESTOCK Do you keep your freezer stocked with food?


Q7. STAR What star rating is your freezer? Enter number 1-4.

Q8. KNOWSTAR Did the respondent know what the rating was without looking?

Code as FRESTOCK

Interviewer reminder - have you put the thermometer in the fridge?

SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT

The Scale used is the Brief Assessment of Social Engagement (BASE) Scale (Morgan K., Dallosso, H.M., and Ebrahim, S.B.J. 1985. A brief self-report scale for assessing personal engagement in the elderly. In Ageing: Recent Advances and Creative Responses (ed. A. Butler. London: Croam Helm).

Let's move on to talk about some of your daily activities. I'll begin by asking you a few general questions.

Q1.ENGAGE1 Have you made or received a personal telephone call in the last week or so?

0 No1 Yes

Code non-responses, not asked and don't know as '0'.

Q2. ENGAGE2 Do you read a national or local newspaper or a weekly or monthly magazine, (including TV listing magazines ie Radio Times)?

Code as Q1 - ENGAGE1

Q3. ENGAGE3 Do you attend religious services or religious ceremonies/gatherings at least sometimes?

0 Rarely/never1 Frequently/occasionally

Q4. ENGAGE4 Did you vote in the last local, general or European election?

Code as Ql - ENGAGE1

Q5. ENGAGE5 Have you been away on holiday in the last year or so?


Q6. ENGAGE6 Are you planning to go on holiday in the next year or so?


Q7. ENGAGE7 Do you use the public library at least occasionally?



Q8. ENGAGE8 In the past month have you attended a meeting or gathering of a club, group or society?

Code as Q1- ENGAGE1

Q9. ENGAGE9 Do you have a senior citizens railcard?


QlO. ENGAGE10 Are you currently in full or part time paid employment or do full or part time voluntary work?


Qll. ENGAGE11 In general do you have as much contact with friends/family as you'd like?

Code as Q1- ENGAGE1

Q12. ENGAGE12 Have you written or received a personal letter in the last week or so?


Q13. ENGAGE13 Are you able to leave your home and walk independently out of doors (with or without walking aids)?


Q14. ENGAGE14 In general do you get out and about as much as you would like to?


Q15. ENGAGE15 do you have at least one friend living in or near this district?


Q16. ENGAGE16 Do you ever feel lonely?

0 All responses other than often 1 Often

Q17. ENGAGE17 If you needed help urgently do you know at least one friend or neighbour you would feel able to ask?


Q18. ENGAGE18 Ownership of telephone - fill from facilities question.


Q19. ENGAGE19 Ownership of car or van - fill from facilities question.


Q20. ENGAGE20 Ownership of TV and radio -fill from facilities question.


Q21. ENGSCORE Add up the total score and enter here.


EATING OUT/FOOD GIFTS AND EXCHANGES

Q22. PUB In the last month have you visited a pub? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Q3).

0 No1 Yes 7 Can’t remember/don’t know 8 No answer9 Not asked

Q1. EATPUB Do you ever have a meal or snack there?

Code as Q22 - PUB

Q2. EATPUB1 How many times in the past month have you eaten a snack or meal in a pub?

0 None 1 More than once a day 2 Daily 3 Four to six times a week 4 Two/three times a week 5 Once a week 6 Approximately once a fortnight 7 Don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked 10 Approximately once every 3 weeks 11 Once only in that month

Now let’s move on to think about some of the other places you might have eaten at recently.

Q3. In the past month have you eaten out at any of these places. (If no code as ‘0’. If yes prompt for how often and code accordingly). 0 No 1 More than once a day 2 Daily 3 Four to six times a week 4 Two/three times a week 5 Once a week 6 Approximately once a fortnight 7 Don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked 10 Approximately once every three weeks11 Once only in that month

EATCAFE At a cafe/restaurant.

EATREL At a relatives house.

EATFRIEN At a friend or neighbours house.

EATCLUB At a luncheon club.

EATHOSP At a hospital canteen.

EATCENT At a day centre.

EATOTHER At another place.

EATOTH1 Other places eaten at. (Open question, not coded).

Apart from food eaten outside the home, I am also interested in whether you have any deliveries of food.

Q4. DELIVERY Do you have any food delivered to your house (including meals on wheels)? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q8).


Q5. Who provides you with this food?


MEALSONW Meals on wheels.

LOCAL The local shop.

MILKMAN The milkman.

TAKEAWAY A take away food outlet.

FRIEND A friend, relative or neighbour.

MOBILE A mobile shop.

FISH A fish merchant.

GENERAL A general supplier.

OTHPROV Another supplier.

OTHPROV1 What other supplier delivers food? (Open question, not coded).


Q6. OFTENDEL How often do you have any food delivered? (Code the most frequently delivered food if more than one).

1 More than once a day 2 Daily3 4-6 times a week 4 2-3 times a week5 Once a week 6 Less than once a week7 Can’t remember/don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q7. What do you have delivered? Hand the respondent showcard 3.

0 No1 Yes7 Can’t remember8 No answer9 Not asked

MEALS Complete meals.

MEALITEM Meal items.

MILK Fresh milk.

JUICE Fruit juice.

EGGS Eggs.

YOGHURT Yoghurt.

CREAM Cream.

POTATOES Potatoes.

VEG Vegetables.

FRUIT Fruit.

FISHDEL Fish.

BREAD Bread.

FISHCHIP Fish and chips.

OTHERTAK Other takeaway food.

TINFOOD Tinned food.

CHEESE Cheese.

OTHFOOD Other food.

OTHFOOD1 What other food do you have delivered?. (Open question, not coded). if the respondent has deliveries skip to Q10.

Q8. DELAVAIL Are there any food delivery services in your area? (If 0, 7, 8, or 9 skip to Q10).


Q9. Why don’t you use the delivery service.


EXPENSE The food is too expensive.

RANGE The range of food they sell is very limited.

PORTION They don’t sell the portion sizes I need.

OTHNOTD Other reason (specify). OTHNOTD1 Other reason. (Open question, not coded).

Q10. Look at the list which of these would you like to have delivered to your home if possible? Hand the respondent showcard number 3 again.


MEALS1 Complete meals.

MEALITE1 Meal items (ie pies and stews).

MILK1 Fresh milk.

JUICE1 Fruit juice.

EGGS1 Eggs.


YOGHURT1 Yoghurt.

CREAM1 Cream.

POTATOE1 Potatoes.

VEG1 Vegetables.

FRUIT1 Fruit.

FISH1 Fish.

BREAD1 Bread.

FISHCHI1 Fish and chips.

OTHTAKE1 Other takeaway food.

TINFOOD1 Tinned food.

CHEESE1 Cheese.

OTHFOO1 Other food (specify).

OTHFOOD2 What other food? (Open question, not coded).

Q11. Does any food come from:


GARDEN Your garden or allotment.

FOODJOB Receiving food for a job done?

FOODFOOD Exchanging food for food?

GIFTS Gifts?

GENERAL HEALTH INDEX

The General Health Index is that used byEbrahim, S., Dallosso, H., Morgan, K., Bassey,J., Fentem, P and Arie T (1988), Causes of illhealth among a random sample of old and very old people: possibilities for prevention. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 22 (2): 105-107.

Q1. I am now going to ask you some questionsabout your state of health at the moment and howthis might have changed over the past few years,can you tell me if you suffer from:

Score (code) 1 for yes, and 0 for no.

Yes to any part of a question = 1.

Code non response, can’t remember and don’tknow as 0.

Running prompt...

HEARTTRO Heart trouble.

STOMACHT Stomach trouble.

GIDDINES Giddiness.

HEADACHE Headaches.

INCONTIN Incontinence.

Code as 2 if catheterised.

POOREYES Poor eyesight.

Code as 2 if blind.

ARTHRITI Arthritis or rheumatism.

FOOTTROU Foot trouble.

SLEEPPRO Sleep problems.

FALLEN Have you fallen in the last year?

HOUSEBOU Are you housebound or havingtrouble walking even with walking aids?

LONGTERM Do you suffer from any long termillness?


MEDICATI Do you use prescribed medicines?

LASTMONT Have you seen a GP or nurse or attended an out-patient department in the last month?

GHISCORE General Health index score - addup GSI score and enter here.

Q2. Are you troubled by any of the following? Hand the respondent showcard number 4.


FAINTING Fainting spells.

HIGHBLOO High blood pressure.

MILDORFU A mild or full stroke.

HEARINGL Hearing loss.

CHESTPAI Chest pains.

HIATUSHE Hiatus hernia.

DIABETES Diabetes.

COELIACD Coeliac disease. (Pronounced seeleeach).

CROHNSDI Crohn’s disease.

GASTRICU Gastric ulcer.

BOWELCAN Bowel cancer.

CONSTIPA Constipation.

DIARRHOE Diarrhoea.

NAUSEA Nausea.

VOMITING Vomiting.

SHORTNES Shortness of breath or breathing difficulties.

DRUG USAGE

I ‘d now like to ask you a few questions on any medication you might have had from a doctor or bought for yourself over the counter ...

Q1. DRUGSYOU Are you taking any medicines prescribed for you by a doctor? (If 0, 7, 8, or 9 skip to Q3).


Q2. KINDSOF1 How many different kinds of medicine?

Q3. DRUGELSE Are you taking any medicines that were prescribed for someone else, say your (spouse/sister etc. substitute appropriate name) for example? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Q5).

Code as Ql - DRUGSYOU

Q4. KINDSOF2 How many different kinds?

Q5. DRUGOVER Are you regularly taking drugs that you have bought from over the counter without a prescription? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to filling in total drugs taken: KINDSOF4).

Code as Q1 - DRUGSYOU

Q6. KINDSOF3 How many different kinds?

KINDSOF4 Enter total member of drugs taken by respondent. (If this = ‘0’ skip to Q7 on supplements).

DRUG101 Drug 1, name

DRUG102 Drug 1, dose

DRUG103 Drug 1, frequency

DRUG201 Drug 2, name

DRUG202 Drug 2, dose

DRUG203 Drug 2, frequency

DRUG301 to DRUG801

Drug 3 to Drug 8, name


DRUG302 to DRUG802

Drug 3 to Drug 8, dose

DRUG303 to DRUG 803

Drug 3 to Drug 8, frequency

CODE1 Drug 1 (Interviewer code drugs later according to British National Formulary - September 1994, Number 28).

1 Aluminium and magnesium containing antacids 2 Sodium bicarbonate 3 Calcium and bismuth containing antacids 4 Anti spasmodics and other drugs altering gut motility 5 H2 receptor antagonists 6 Selective antimuscarinics7 Chelates and complexes8 Prostaglandin analogues 9 Proton pump inhibitors 10 Other ulcer healing drugs 11 Adsorbents and bulk forming drugs12 Antimotility drugs 13 Treatment of chronic diarrhoea 14 Bulk forming drugs 15 Faecal softeners 16 Osmotic laxatives17 Soothing preparations 18 Compound preparations with corticosteroids 19 Rectal sclerosants 20 Drugs acting on the gall bladder21 Drugs which increase gastric acidity 22 Pancreatin 23 Cardiac glycosides 24 Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 25 Thiazides and related diuretics 26 Loop diuretics 27 Potassium sparing diuretics 28 Potassium sparing diuretics with other diuretics 29 Osmotic diuretics 30 Mercurial diuretics 31 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 32 Diuretics with potassium 33 Drugs for arrhythmias 34 Beta-adrenocetor blocking drugs35 Vasodilator antihypertensive drugs36 Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs37 Adrenergic neuron blocking drugs

38 Alpha-andrenoceptor blocking drugs 39 Angiotensing converting enzyme inhibitors40 Ganglion blocking drugs 41 Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor 42 Nitrates 43 Calcium channel blockers 44 Peripheral vasodilators and related drugs45 Cerebral vasodilators 46 Flossequinan47 Sympathomimetics 48 Vasoconstrictor sympathomimetics49 Parenteral anticoagulants 50 Oral anticoagulants 51 Protamine sulphate 52 Antipalatelet drugs 53 Fibrinalitic drugs 54 Antifibrinalitic drugs and haemostatics 55 Lipid lowering drugs 56 Local sclerosants 57 Selective beta 2 adrenoceptor stimulants58 Other adrenoceptor stimulants59 Antimuscarinic bronchodilators 60 Theophylline 61 Compound bronchodialator preparations62 Corticosteriods 63 Cromoglycate and related therapy 64 Antihystamines 65 Hyposensitisation 66 Allergic emergencies 67 Respiratory stimulants68 Pulmonary surfactants 69 Oxygen 70 Mucolytics 71 Aromatic inhalations 72 Cough suppressants73 Expectorant and demulcent cough preparations74 Hypnotics 75 Anxiolytics76 Barbiturates 77 Antipsychotic 78 Antipsychotic depot injections 79 Antimanic drugs 80 Trycyclic and related antidepressant drugs81 Monoamine-Oxydase inhibitors 82 Compound antidepressant preparations 83 Other antidepressant drugs 84 Central nervous system stimulants 85 Bulk forming drugs 86 Centrally acting appetite suppressants 87 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo88 Non opioid analgesics 89 Opioid analgesics 90 Trigeminal neuralgia

91 Treatment of the acute migraine attack


92 Prophylaxis of migraine 93 Control of epilepsy 94 Drugs used in status epilepticus 95 Dopominergic drugs used in Parkinsonism96 Antimuscarinic drugs used in Parkinsonism 97 Drugs used in Essential tremor chorea ticks and related disorders 98 Drugs used in substance dependency99 Benzylpenicilline and henoxymetylpenicillin100 Penicillinease-resistant penicillins 101 Broad spectrum penicillins 102 AntiPseudomonal Penicillins 103 Cephalosporins, Cephanycins and other beta-lactam antibiotic 104 Tetracyclines 105 AminoGlycocides 106 Macrolides 107 Clindamycin 108 Some other antibiotics109 Sulphonamides and Trintehoprim 110 Anti Tuberculous drugs 111 Anti Leprotic drugs 112 Metronidaole and Tinidazole 113 4-Quinolones 114 Urinary tract infections 115 Anti-fungal drugs 116 Anti-viral drugs 117 Anti-malarial 118 Amoebicides 119 Trichomonocides 120 Antighrdil drugs 121 Leishmaniacides 122 Trypanocides 123 Drugs for toxoplasmosis 124 Drugs for Pneumocystis Pneumonia 125 Drugs for thread worms 126 Ascaricides 127 Drugs for tape worm infections 128 Drugs for hook worms 129 Schistosomicides 130 Filaicides 131 Drugs for Guinea worms 132 Drugs for strongyloidiasis 133 Short acting insulin134 Intermediate and long acting insulins 135 Sulphonylureas136 Biguanides 137 Other antidiabetics138 Treatment for hypoglycaemia 139 Thyroid hormones 140 Anti thyroid drugs 141 Replacement therapy142 Oestrogens and HRT143 Progestogens144 Male sex hormones and antagonists

145 Anabolic steroids 146 Hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones and antioestrogen 147 Posterior pituitary hormones and antagonists 148 Calcitonin 149 Bisphosphonates 150 Bromocriptine and Cabergonile 151 Danozole, Gestrinone and Gonadorelin analogues 152 Metyrapone and Trilostane 153 Prostoglandins and Oxytocics154 Mifepristone 155 Myometrial relaxants 156 Preparations for vaginal atrophy 157 Anti-infective drugs 158 Combined oral contraceptives 159 Progestogen only contraceptives 160 Spermacidal contraceptives161 Contraceptive devices 162 Drugs for urinary retention 163 Drugs for urinary frequency, Enuresis, and incontinence 164 Drugs used in urological pain165 Bladder instillations and urological surgery 166 Drugs for impotence 167 Alkylating drugs 168 Cytotoxic antibiotics 169 Antimetabolites 170 Vinca Alcolodes and Etoposide 171 Other antineoplastic drugs 172 Cytotoxic immunosuppressants 173 Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants 174 Immunostimulants175 Interferons 176 Aldesleukin 177 Oestrogens 178 Progestogens 179 Androgens 180 Hormone antagonists 181 Oral iron 182 Parenteral iron 183 Drugs used in megaloblastic anaemias 184 Drugs used in hypoplastic, haemolytic and renal anaemias 185 Drugs used in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura 186 G6PD deficiency187 Drugs used in neutrapenia 188 Oral administration 189 Oral sodium and water190 Oral bicarbonate 191 Intravenous administration 192 Plasma and plasma substitutes193 Intravenous nutrition 194 Calcium supplements 195 Hypercalcaemia

196 Magnesium


197 Phosphate supplements 198 Phosphate binding agents 199 Fluoride 200 Zinc 201 Vitamin A 202 Vitamin B group 203 Vitamin C 204 Vitamin D 205 Vitamin E 206 Vitamin K 207 Multi vitamin preparations 208 Bitters and tonics 209 Wilson’s disease and carnitine deficiency 210 Acute porphyrias 211 Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 212 Corticosteroids 213 Drugs which suppress the Rheumatic disease process 214 Drugs for treatment of gout 215 Drugs which enhance neuromuscular transmission 216 Skeletal muscle relaxants 217 Enzymes 218 Rubefacients and other topical antirheumatics219 Antibacterials 220 Antifungals 221 Antivirals 222 Corticosteroids 223 Other antiinflammatory preparations 224 Mydriatics and cycloplegics 225 Treatment of glaucoma 226 Local anaesthetics 227 Preparations for tear deficiency 228 Other preparations 229 Otitis external 230 Removal of ear wax 231 Drugs used in nasal allergy 232 Topical nasal decongestants 233 Anti-infective nasal preparations 234 Drugs for oral ulceration and inflammation 235 Oropharyngeal anti-infective drugs 236 Lozenges, sprays and gels 237 Mouth washes, gargles and dentrifices 238 Emollients239 Barrier preparations 240 Dusting powders 241 Local anaesthetics and antipruritics 242 Topical corticosteroids 243 Preparation for eczema 244 Preparations for Psoriasis 245 Topical preparations for acne 246 Oral preparations for acne 247 Preparations for warts and calluses 248 Sunscreens and camouflages 249 Camouflages

250 Shampoos and some other scalp preparations 251 Anti-infective skin preparations 252 Anti-fungal preparations 253 Anti viral preparations 254 Parasiticidal preparations 255 Preparations for minor cuts and abrasions 256 Alcohols and saline 257 Chlorhexidine salts 258 Cationic surfactants and soaps 259 Chlorine and iodine 260 Phenolics 261 Astringents, oxidisers and dyes 262 Desloughing agents 263 Antiperspirants

CODES to CODE8 Drugs 3 to 8

Code as CODE1

OTHERDRU If respondent take any other drugs please enter name here. (Open question, not coded). if any of these drugs have special instructions eg they have to be taken on an empty stomach, with food or with water, please note the details here.

DRUGNAME Name of drug with special instructions 1. (Open question, not coded). INSTRUCT Instructions 1. (Open question, not coded).

DRUGNAM1 Name of drug with special instructions 2. (Open question, not coded).

INSTRUC1 Instructions 2. (Open question, not coded).





Q7. Do you ever take any of these drinks or tablets:

0 No1 Yes


7 Can’t remember8 No answer9 Not asked

MEALREPL A meal replacement drink like Complan.

TONICDRI A tonic drink such as sanatogen.

MULTIVIT Multi-vitamin tablets.

IRONTABL Iron tablets.

VITAMINC Vitamin C tablets or drinks.

MINERALS Mineral supplements like calcium.

GARLICCA Garlic capsules.

CODLIVER Cod liver oil.

FIBRETAB Fibre tablets or bran.

LECITHIN Lecithin. (Pronounced lessy-thin).

OTHERSUP Other supplements.

OTHSUPPA What other supplements. (Open question). Ask to see these if unclear.

If no to all skip to next section.

OTHSUPP1 and OTHSUPP2 What other supplements (coded)

1 Evening primrose oil2 Vitamin E3 Vitamin B4 Vitamin B65 Yeast tablets (including Brewers yeast)6 Yeast vite7 Cider vinegar (+/- honey/molasses)8 Selenium (including Bio-selenium)9 Zinc12 Kelp13 Royal Jelly14 Epsom Salts15 Safflower16 Starflower17 Halibut (liver) oil18 Linseed oil19 Efamol20 Fish oil21 Ginseng22 Ovarite vitamins23 Aloe vera24 Folic acid25 Omega 3 oils26 Tabritis27 Arnica

28 Phyllosan29 Health salts30 Bio-strath Elixir31 Devils claw (herbal remedy - arthritis)32 ME baby milk33 Ginkgo leaf34 Cleansing herbs35 Natracalm36 Chelated magnesium37 Herb tablets for nerves

Q8. WHYSUPPL Why do you take these supplements? (Open question).

WHYSUPPA Why do you take these supplements? (Coded). 1 Good for joints/arthritis/rheumatics2 Good for bones 3 As dietary supplement 4 Good for the heart 5 Good for vascular problems 6 Helps body store Oxygen 7 Boosts immunity/prevents colds 8 Prevents cholesterol 9 Stops cataracts 10 Kills pain 11 Peps you up/active brain (psychological) 12 Keeps physically active 13 Maintains health/does some good, suppose to be good for you 14 Clears chest 15 Constipation 16 Flatulence 17 Good for mouth ulcers


18 Post illness/post operative19 To gain weight20 To lose weight21 Helps with tinnitus22 Good for circulation/blood pressure23 Improves calcium intake24 Good for skin/psoriasis25 Good for hair26 Good source of vitamins27 Anti-oxidant28 Pernicious anaemia29 Medical advice30 Stress relief/nerve problems31 Relieves cramp32 Keeps you young33 Poor diet34 Good for muscles35 You need as you get older36 Habit37 Iron38 Aids digestion39 Supplements vegetarian/macrobiotic diet40 Catarrh41 Piles42 Supplement other medications43 For Vitamin B44 Believer in alternative therapies45 Superstition46 Because spouse does47 Because spouse/relative makes me48 Don’t know49 No reason given50 Do not take any51 Missing information52 Friend/associate recommended

WHYSUPPB to WHYSUPPD Why do you take these supplements? (Coded).

Code as WHYSUPPA

USE OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES

Q1. Now I would like you to tell me if you have seen any of the following people in the last six months.

0 No 1 Within last week 2 Within last month 3 Within the last six months 7 Can’t remember 8 No answer 9 Not asked

YOURGP Your GP/family doctor.

COMMUNIT A Community/district nurse (may call this a liaison nurse).

HEALTHVI A health visitor.

HOMEHELP A home help.

SOCIALWO A social worker.

CHIROPOD A chiropodist.


DENTITION

Q1. PROBCHEW In the last three months have you had any problems chewing any foods because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures? (If 4 - 9 skip to Q4). 1 Very often 2 Fairly often 3 Occasionally 4 Hardly ever 5 Never 6 Not applicable/no natural teeth 7 Can’t remember 8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q2. WHYCHEW Why do you have problemschewing? (Open question).

WHYCHEWA and WHYCHEWB (Coded).

1 Ulcers on bottom gums2 Ulcers (mouth/unspecified)3 Toothache4 Loose tooth/teeth5 Sensitive tooth/teeth6 Very few/no teeth/stumps only7 Abscess under tooth8 Problems with lower teeth9 Filling come out10 Broken tooth/teeth11 Sore gums12 Poor fitting dentures13 Can’t eat with dentures/takes out to eat14 Can’t wear/problem with bottom denture15 Getting used to denture16 Denture worn out/no dentures17 Waiting for bridge/denture18 Bitten tongue19 Mouth problem (unspecified)20 Fungi in mouth21 Sore mouth22 Related to inhaler23 Neuralgia24 Benign tumour25 Don’t know26 Receding gums27 Painful to chew hard food28 Delicate/brittle teeth29 Has dentures/doesn’t wear30 Can’t afford dental treatment/dentures31 Extraction32 Denture being repaired

Q3. WHATCHEW What foods have you had difficulty chewing? (Open question).

WHATCHEA and WHATCHEB What foods have you had difficulty chewing? (Coded).

1 Hard foods2 Chewy foods3 Crisp foods4 Raw vegetables5 Salads6 Crusty bread/crusts of bread7 Nuts8 Meat9 Apples10 Celery30 All foods31 Not specified

Q4. SENSITIV Do you have sensitive teeth for example due to hot or cold drinks?

1 Very often 2 Fairly often 3 Occasionally 4 Hardly ever 5 Never 6 Not applicable - no natural teeth 7 Can’t remember8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q5. TOOTHACH Have you had toothache in the last 3 months?

Code as Q4 - SENSITIV

Q6. PAINGUMS Have you had painful gums in the last 3 months?


Q7. AVOIDANY In the last 3 months have you had to avoid eating any foods because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentures? (If 4 - 9 skip to next section).


Q8. WHYAVOID Why is this? (Open question).

WHYAVOIA and WHYAVOIB Why is this?


(Coded). 1 Mouth ulcers (unspecified site)2 Ulcers on gums3 Ulcers on tongue4 Sore gums5 Receding gums6 Sensitive/delicate teeth/careful of crown7 Loose teeth8 Toothache/broken tooth9 Only has a few teeth (and no dentures)10 Problem with dentures (unspecified)11 Ill fitting dentures/dentures need replacing12 Dentures worn out13 Don’t wear dentures as painful14 Getting used to dentures/new dentures15 Sore tongue/bitten tongue16 Problems related to inhalers17 Neuralgia18 Doesn’t see dentist because of the cost19 Skin graft in mouth20 Missing information30 General teeth problems (unspecified)31 General mouth problems (unspecified)32 General gum problems (unspecified)33 General jaw problems (unspecified)34 Unspecified

Q9. WHATOVO1 Which foods have you avoided? (Open question).

WHATAVOA to WHATAVOC What foods have you avoided? (Coded).

1 Hard foods2 Chewy foods3 Crisp foods4 Raw vegetables5 Salads6 Crusty bread/crusts of bread7 Nuts8 Meat9 Apples10 Celery11 Cereals12 Berries13 (Tiny) Seeds14 Hot drinks15 Cold drinks16 Sweet things17 Toffees30 All food31 Not specified

APPETITE

Thinking more specifically about how much and what you’ve eaten recently...

Q1. APPETITE How has your appetite been in the last month?

1 Very good2 Good3 Fair4 Poor5 Very poor7 Can’t remember8 No answer9 Not asked

coded).

Q2. ENJOYFOO Do you enjoy food as much asyou used to?

0 No1 Yes7 Not sure/don’t know8 No answer9 Not asked

Q3. Have any of the following affected youreating habits in the last year?


CHAPPETI Change in appetite.

CHTASTE Change in the taste or smell offood.

HEALTHPR A health problem.

CHLIVING Change in living situation.

DONTPREP No longer prepare own meals.

LOWMOOD Low mood.

CHFINANC Change in financial status.

RETIREME Retirement from work.

APPOTHER Other (specify).

APOTHERA Specify other. (Open question, not


coded).

Q4. Compared to a year ago would you say that you have been eating more, less or the same of these foods? Running prompt. Remind respondent of the options during this section ie ‘the first is red meat, would you say you eat more, less or the same compared with a year ago?

1 More2 Less3 Same4 Have never eaten7 Don’t know8 No answer9 Not asked

REDMEAT Red meat (eg beef, lamb, pork).

CHICKENT Chicken and turkey.

FRESHEGG Eggs.

FISHFRES Fresh fish.

FROZFISH Frozen or tinned fish.

FRESHVEG Fresh vegetables.

FROZVEG Frozen or tinned vegetables.

SALADS Salads.

FRESHFRU Fresh fruit.

FRUITJUS Fruit juice (not squash).

FROZFRU Frozen or tinned fruit.

WHITEBRE White bread.

BROWNWHO Brown or wholemeal bread.

RICEPAST Rice or pasta.

FULLCREA Full cream milk.

SKIMMEDS Skimmed or semi-skimmed milk.

FOODGEN Food in general.

SUGAR Sugar.

SALT Salt.

BUTTER Butter.

MARGARIN Margarine.

LOWFATSP Low fat spread.

SWEETSCO Sweets and confectionery.

REASCHAN Reason for change of diet if information volunteered. (Open question, not coded).


SPECIAL DIETS

Q1. WATCHEAT Are you watching what you eat?


Q2. AVOIDEAT Is there anything you avoid eating? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to QS, unless the respondent lives alone. In this case skip to the next section).

Code as Ql - WATCHEAT

Q3WHATAV What is this (open question)?

WHATAV1 What do you avoid eating? (Coded).

1 Fats2 Sweet food, cakes, gateaux, biscuits3 Pastry/ies4 Puddings, Christmas Pudding, desserts5 Chocolate, dark chocolate, sweets6 Almond paste/almond essence7 Sugar8 Honey9 Salt10 Vinegar/anything with vinegar11 Coffee12 Tea13 Milk - whole14 Alcohol15 Fizzy drinks/lemonade16 Cream/butter/cheese (diary products)17 Eggs18 Mayonnaise19 Ice cream20 Fresh vegetables21 Potatoes22 Tomatoes23 Lettuce24 Cucumber25 Mushrooms26 Salads27 Garlic28 Spices29 Onions30 Onions - pickled31 Radishes32 Peppers

33 Cabbage34 Cauliflower35 Green vegetables36 Peas37 Sprouts38 Animal products/meat products39 Chicken40 Red meat41 Beef42 Corned beef43 Lamb44 Fat on meat45 Pork46 Pork products/pies/sausages47 Veal48 Offal49 Ham50 Bacon51 Black pudding52 Fish - unspecified53 Kippers54 Mackerel55 Tuna56 Shell fish/lobster/crab57 Bread (unspecified)58 Bread - white59 Bread - wholemeal/brown60 White rice61 Pasta62 Fruit juice63 Fresh fruit/fruit64 Apples65 Bananas66 Grapes67 Lemons68 Oranges/grape fruit/pineapple69 Rhubarb70 Strawberries71 Nuts72 Acidic foods73 Fried/greasy/fatty foods, chips/crisps74 Rich foods/creamy foods75 Spicy foods/chilli76 Carbohydrates77 E numbers78 Hard foods79 High calorie foods80 High cholesterol foods81 High fibre/fibrous foods82 Monosodium glutamate83 Products containing gluten84 Ready meals85 Things with skins on86 White wheat flour and anything containing it87 Things with seeds/pips in88 Tinned foods/fruit in syrups


89 Frozen foods90 Generally avoid eating too much of anything91 Dried fruits92 All meat/meat (unspecified)93 Stuffing94 Pulses (baked beans)95 Things with additives96 Jam/Marmalade97 Oily fish99 Insufficient information

WHATAV2 to WHATAV5 What do you avoid eating?

Code as WHATAV1

Q4. Q4WHYAV Why do you avoid it? (Open question)

Q4WHYAV1 and Q4WHYAV2 Why do you avoid it? (Coded).

1 Addicted to..2 Advice (GP/Nurse/hospital)3 Allergic to4 Bad for arthritis5 Bad for your health6 Bad for your heart7 Bought up that way8 Cant chew9 Diet - low calorie/weight watching10 Diet - low cholesterol11 Don’t believe in it12 Don’t like the smell13 Don’t like taste14 Don’t know15 For general good health16 Has/had health problem (unspecified)17 Has/had health problem - Coeliacs disease18 Colostomy bag19 Coronary history20 Diabetes21 Diverticulitis22 Dry mouth23 Duodenal ulcer24 Gall bladder/stones problems25 Gastric/stomach ulcer26 Heartattack/by-pass(es)27 Hiatus hernia28 High blood pressure29 Hypercholesterolemia30 Kidney failure/dialysis31 Kidney stones32 Mouth ulcers33 Narrow gullet34 Pancreatitis

35 Partial gastrectomy

36 Reflux37 Reflux gout38 Stoma/ileostomy39 Toothache40 Ulcerated colitis41 Healthier diet42 Personal choice43 Pips stick in teeth44 Psychological45 Religion46 Spouse doesn’t eat (for various reasons)47 Stimulants48 Too greasy49 To avoid - BSE50 To avoid - bowel problems51 To avoid - cardiovascular disease52 To avoid - constipation53 To avoid - diarrhoea54 To avoid - heat flushes55 To avoid - gout56 To avoid - high cholesterol57 To avoid - indigestion and heartburn58 To avoid - migraine59 To avoid - mouth ulcers60 To avoid - night sweats61 To avoid - sickness62 To avoid - sinus problems63 To avoid - sleeplessness64 To avoid - stomach upset/pain65 To avoid - visual disturbances66 To avoid - wind67 Is Vegetarian68 Can’t digest very well69 Cystitis70 No reason/missing information

Q5. OTHWATCH Does anyone living in the house other than yourself watch what they eat? (If no skip to next section).


Q6. Q6HOWDOT How do they watch what they eat (what are they careful about)? (Open question).


HOWDOT1 How does other person watch what they eat? (Coded).

1 Avoids/reduce fatty food intake, low fat diet 2 Careful of calorie intake 3 Cut down on butter 4 Cut down on salt/no salt 5 Cut out/reduce cakes, biscuits and bread6 Avoids pastry 7 Cut down on sugar intake 8 Drink decaffeinated coffee 9 Eat more fruit 10 Avoids cheese, dairy products 11 Avoids fruit (grapes/oranges) 12 Avoid nuts 13 Avoids spicy foods 14 Avoids peas 15 Avoids cabbage 16 Avoids ‘bulk’ foods 17 Eats high fibre diet 18 Avoids acidy foods 19 Avoids alcohol 20 Can’t eat eggs 21 Doesn’t eat many green vegetables 22 Eats low fat/lightly salted crisps23 Wants to lose weight (own choice) 24 Low cholesterol diet 25 Controlled diet 26 Vegetarian diet 27 Diabetic diet28 Low protein diet 29 Diet - one meal of fruit only 30 Eats smaller portions/generally cuts down 31 Eats very little meat 32 Eats very little 33 Can’t eat red meat 34 Cant eat meat - poor dentition 35 Avoids meat 36 Avoids fish 37 Avoids anything fierce (?) 38 Avoids things that catch in throat (has cancer) 39 Nothing specified 40 Try to eat healthy sensible food 41 Same types of food avoided 42 Avoids same as spouse 43 Very fussy, won’t eat soup and many other things 44 Drinks more fruit juice 45 Food must be liquidized/is machine fed 46 Food with seeds ie tomatoes and strawberries

HOWDOT2 and HOWDOT3 How do they watch what they eat?

Code as HOWDOT1

Q7. Why do they watch what they eat?


LOSEWGHT They want to loose weight.

HEALTHY They want to follow healthier diet.

HPROB They have a health problem.

RELIGIOU They follow religious rules on food.

TRADITIO They follow their country’s traditional diet.

ETHICAL They object to eating certain foods on humanitarian or ethical grounds.

DK Don’t know.

OTHERREA Other reason (specify).

SPECIFYR Specify other reason. (Open question, not coded).

Q8. AFFCTOTH If someone is watching what they eat, does this affect what anyone else in the household eats as well? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to next section).

Code as Q7- LOSEWGHT

Q9. HOWAFFEC How does it affect them? (Open question).

HOWAFF1 and HOWAFF2 How does it affect them? (Coded). 1 All - have low fat 2 All - now moderate sugar 3 All made to/making effort to eat more healthily 4 Makes effort to eat same as other 5 Eats same, no point/won’t cook different meals 6 No meat eaten in house 7 Conforms/supports other by/eats what is suitable for other 8 Don’t/can’t eat much red meat now 9 Also eats less/smaller portions now 10 Changed cooking methods (ie steams not fries) 11 Doesn’t eat/avoids/eats fewer cakes/puddings 12 Now consumes less milk than before


13 Others needs control respondents eating habits now14 Less salt, as no longer used in cooking15 Have separate meals sometimes77 Missing/insufficient data

ABILITY TO PREPARE/SHOP FOR FOOD

The next section looks at how some everyday household tasks are carried out in your household.

Q1. CANCARRY Do you carry your bags of shopping yourself? (If yes skip to Q4).

0 No1 Yes2 Uses a trolley8 No answer9 Not asked

Q2. CLDCARRY Could you carry your shopping if you had to?


Q3. WHOCARRY Who usually carries your shopping for you?

1 Spouse/partner2 Neighbour/friend3 Son/daughter4 Son in law/daughter in law5 Other relative6 Home help or Social Services7 Can’t remember8 No answer9 Not asked10 Other (specify)11 No help available77 Not applicable to respondent

WHOCARR1 Specify other person who usually carries your shopping? (Open question, not coded).

Q4. CANWASH Do you wash small amounts of clothing by hand yourself? (If yes skip to Q7).

0 No1 Yes2 Not applicable8 No answer9 Not asked

Q5. COULDWAS Could you wash clothing by hand if you needed to?

Code as Q2 - CLDCARRY


Q6. WHOWASH Who usually does any hand washing for you?

Code as Q3 - WHOCARRY

WHOWASH1 Specify other person who usually does your hand washing. (Open question, not coded).

Q7. CANJARS Can you open screw top jars or bottles yourself? (If yes skip to Q10).

Code as Q4 - CANWASH

Q8. COULDJAR Could you open a jar or bottle yourself if you needed to?

Code as Q2 -CLDCARRY

Q9. WHOJAR Who usually opens a jar or bottle for you?


WHOJAR1 Specify other person who usually opens jars and bottles for you? (Open question, not coded).

Q10. CANCART Can you open a carton of juice or milk yourself? (If yes skip to Q13).

Code as Q4 - CANWASH

Q11. COULDCAR Could you open a carton yourself if you had to?


Q12. WHOCART Who usually opens a carton for you?


WHOCART1 Specify other person who usually opens a carton for you? (Open question, not coded).

Q13. CANCOOK Can you cook a main meal yourself, in other words a main item plus at least two vegetables? (If yes skip to Q16).

Code as Q2 - CLDCARRY

Q14. CLDCOOK Could you cook a meal for yourself if you needed to?


Q15. WHOCOOK Who usually cooks your main meal for you?

Code as Q3- WHOCARRY

WHOCOOK1 Specify other person who usually cooks your main meal for you? (Open question, not coded).

Q16. CANFRY Can you fry food using a fry pan yourself? (If yes skip to Ql9).

Code as Q4- CANWASH

Q17. COULDFRY Could you fry food for yourself if you needed to?

Code as Q2- CLDCARRY

WHOFRY Who usually does any frying for you?


WHOFRY1 Specify other person who usually does any frying for you? (Open question, not coded).

Q19. CANTEA Can you make a cup of tea for yourself? (If yes skip to Q22).

Code as Q4- CANWASH

Q20. COULDTEA Could you make a cup of tea if you needed to?

Code as Q2- CLDCARRY

Q21. WHOTEA Who usually makes your cups of tea for you?


WHOTEA1 Specify other person who usually makes your cups of tea for you? (Open question, not coded).


Q22. CANTINS Can you open tins of food yourself without using an electric tin opener? If yes skip to next section.

Code as Q4- CANWAS

Q23. COULDTIN Could you open a tin of food if you needed to?


Q24. WHOTINS Who usually opens tins of food for you?


WHOTIN1 Specify other person who usually opens tins of food for you? (Open question, not coded).

SHOPPING FOR FOOD

Q1. BEENSHOP Have you been food shoppingin the last week? (If yes skip to Q3).


Q2. WHENSHOP When was the last time you went food shopping? (If 7 - 10 skip to Q4).

Use list as a running prompt if necessary.

1 Less than a week ago2 Between one and two weeks ago3 Between two and three weeks ago4 Between three and four weeks ago5 Four weeks ago6 More than four weeks ago7 Can’t remember8 No answer9 Not asked10 Don’t go food shopping/not applicable

Q3. OFTENSHO How many times did you go shopping for food that week?

Use list as a running prompt if necessary.

1 More than once a day2 Once a day3 4-6 times (week)4 2-3 times (week)5 Once7 Can’t remember8 No answer9 Not asked

Q4. SHOPFORU Did anyone else do any shopping for you? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Q6).


Q5. WHOSHOP Who was this?

1 Friend/neighbour2 Relative3 Spouse/partner4 Home help/other care worker5 Other (specify)

6 More than one person


7 Can’t remember8 No answer9 Not asked

SHOPSPEC Specify other person who shopped for you? (Open question, not coded).

Q6. SHOP4OTH Did you shop for anyone else? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Q8).

Code as Q4 - SHOPFORU

If the respondent does not shop for themselves or anyone else please skip to next section.

Q7. SHOPPED4 Who was this?

1 Friend/neighbour2 Spouse/partner3 Relative4 Other5 More than one person7 Can’t remember8 No answer9 Not asked

Q8. SHOPWITH Did you go food shopping with anyone? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q10).


Q9. WITHWHOM Who was this?

Code as Q4 - SHOPPED4

WHOWENT Specify other person who went food shopping with you. (Open question, not coded).

Q10. SHOPLIST Did anyone make a list of what to buy when you went food shopping? If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Q12.


Q11. WHOLIST Who made out the list?

1 Respondent only 2 Respondent and spouse/partner 3 Whole household (respondents spouse/partner, plus at least one other person) 4 Spouse/partner of respondent only 5 Other member of household (not respondent or spouse/partner) 6 Someone else (specify) 7 Can’t remember

8 No answer9 Not asked

WHOLIST1 Specify other person who made out list. (Open question, not coded).

Q12. SHOPMOST Which shop did you buy most of your food from? (Open question).

SHOPMOSA Which shop did you buy most of your food from? (Coded).

1 Marks and Spencer2 Sainsburys3 Tesco4 Asda5 KwikSave6 Aldi7 Don’t know/not sure8 No answer9 Not asked10 Not applicable11 Corner shop/village shop12 Co-op13 Market place14 No preference15 Off licence16 Morrisons17 Food Giant18 Iceland19 Pork Farms20 Farm shop21 Farm Foods22 Summerfields23 Safeway24 Presto25 Other26 Gateway

SHOPMOSB to SHOPMOSC Which shop did you most of your food from?

Code as SHOP MOSA

Q13. WHYTHERE and WHYTHER1 Why did you chose to shop there? (Open question).

WHYTHAA Why do you shop there? (Coded).

1 Habit 2 Has cafe/restaurant/meet friends there 3 Needed something special/specific 4 Likes it/the products/brands 5 Convenient to get to/to other shops, etc/local 6 Can get petrol, cheaper petrol at same time

7 Free bus


8 Convenient to bus stop/bus station 9 Good variety/and of fresh foods 10 Good quality/and of fresh foods 11 Good ready meals/individual ready meals12 Clean/appealing 13 Good service/friendly staff/knows them 14 Competitive prices/value for money15 Cheaper/cheapest 16 Sells everything, most things in one store/place 17 Well laid out/plenty room(for wheel chairs), easy to look round, presentation 18 Knows where everything is 19 Needs to shop around 20 Friend/relative who supplies transport goes there 21 No other shop near by 22 Nearest big store 23 Shareholder/or member (ie Coop bank) 24 Happened to be in area/passes on way home 25 Can select items/pieces of fruit, veg. 26 Parking, in front of store for disabled, free, plenty of. 27 Don’t have to queue 28 For a change 29 Has recycling points 30 Spouse sends them (to specific shop) 31 Has small packets, small quantities 32 Has toilets 33 Owned by son/relative 34 Opens early/late 35 Has an account there36 Have packers for your shopping 37 Can use access/switch 38 They deliver 39 Not to busy/so crowded there 94 Don’t know 95 Gets discount (staff or spouse is staff)96 Insufficient data 97 Doesn’t shop 98 No answer given 99 Not asked

WHYTHBB to WHYTHDD Why do you shop there?

Code as WHYTHAA

Q14. ISUSUAL Do you usually shop there?

Code as Ql- BEENSHOP

Q15. Did you use any of these other shops a food shopping in that week? Hand the respondent showcard number 6.


FARMSHOP Farm shop.

PICKYOUR Pick your own.

BUTCHER Butcher.

BAKERYCO Bakery/confectioners

GREENGRO Greengrocers.

FISHMONG Fishmonger.

GENERALC General store.

MINIMARK Mini- market.

OFFLICEN off licence.

NEWSAGEN Newsagent.

MARKET Market.

FROZENFO Frozen food shop.

KWIKSAVE KwikSave.

ALDI Aldi.

LOCUST Lo-cost.

SPAR Spar.

NETTO Netto.

HAPPYSHO Happy Shopper.

MARKSSPE Marks and Spencer.

ASDA Asda.

SAINSBUR Sainsburys.

TESCO Tesco.

SAFEWAY Safeway.

COOP Co-op.


MORRISON Morrisons.

CHEMIST Chemist.

OTHERSHO Other shop. (Specify).

OTHSHSPE Specify other shop. (Open question).

OTHSHOP1 and OTHERSHOP2 Other shop. (Coded).

1 Health food shop2 BHS3 Littlewoods4 Delicatessen5 Food Giant6 Pork Farms7 Fish and Chip shop8 Iceland9 Wilkos10 Supersave11 Aldi12 Farm Foods13 Wilkinsons14 Boots15 Woolworths16 Fish van - mobile17 Macro18 Gateway19 VG20 Cash and Carry21 Local corner shop22 Wallpaper shop23 Presto24 Beaumonts supermarket25 Costcutter26 Local farmer27 Thorntons chocolates28 Somerfields29 Chinese supermarkets30 Fine Fare31 Post Office (local - sells food)77 Not applicable

MOBILITY

I would like now to ask you a few questions about how you get around on foot.

Q1. USEAID Do you use a walking aid? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q3).


Q2. WHATAID What is this?

1 Frame2 Stick3 Other (specify)4 More than one (specify)

SPECAID Specify if you use other than a stick or a frame, or more than one. (Open question, not coded).

Q3. AILMENT Do you have any kind of ailment which affects your walking? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q5).

Code as Q1 - USEAID

Q4. WHATAILM What is this? (Open question).

WHATAIL1 What is this. (Coded).

1 Amputation/artificial limbs 2 Angina/heart condition/chest pains/heart attack 3 Arthritis, osteo-arthritis, rheumatoid, arthritis, rheumatism 4 Back pain/problem/spinal problems 5 Eye problem/sight problem 6 Foot/heel/toe problem 7 Hip problem 8 Knee problem 9 Leg problem 10 Lung problem 11 Lower limb problem (general) 12 Accident/injury - general, traffic, war 13 Asthma/breathing problems 14 Arteriosclerosis/hardening of arteries 15 Balance problem 16 Blood disorder 17 Blood pressure 18 Broken bone/limb 19 Bronchitis


20 Bunion, verruca, callous, corn, ingrowing toe nail 21 Circulation problems (general) 22 Confidence - lack of23 Cramp 24 Deafness 25 Diabetes - problems associated with 26 Dizzy spells/giddy/vertigo 27 Emphysema 28 Intermitant claudication/limping 29 Menieres disease 30 Multiple sclerosis 31 Muscular dystrophy 32 Osteoporosis 33 Pagets disease 34 Parkinson’s’ 35 Polymyalgia36 Post operative - tired/recovering etc.. 37 Sciatica 38 Stroke - affected limbs/partial paralysis 39 Swelling of limbs/feet/ankles 40 Spondylitis 41 Thrombotic legs/ankles etc 42 Weak/frail/old age 43 Unwell - generally 44 Ulcers legs/toes 45 Varicose veins 46 Overweight 47 Deformed toes/feet 48 TB (resulting from) 50 Withered arm 51 Kidney problem 52 Bone cancer 53 Awaiting operation 54 Agraphobic 55 Not stated 56 Can’t walk unaided (unspecified) 57 Gangrene - toes 58 Hernia

WHATAIL2 to WHATAIL5 What is this? (Coded).

Code as WHATAIL1

Q5. WALKSPD Which of the following would you say best describes your walking speed? If respondent is obviously severely disabled do not show card -fill in as 1.

Hand showcard number 7 to those who are obviously not severely disabled.

1 Severely disabled/extremely slow 2 Very slow 3 Stroll at an easy pace 4 Normal speed 5 Fairly briskly 6 Fast7 Don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q6. WALKSHOP Could you walk to the nearest food shop if you needed to (using a walking aid if necessary)?

0 No 1 Yes 2 No food shop within walking distance 7 Don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked


TRANSPORT AND ACCESSIBILITY

I’d like to ask you a few questions on transport and how you get around, particularly when you are going shopping.

Q1. OWNACAR Do you own a car? (of 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q9).


Q2. DRIVECAR Do you drive it? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q12).

Code as Q1 - OWNACAR

Q3. DRIVE4U Does anyone else drive it for you? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q9).

Code as Ql - OWNACAR

Q4. WHODRIVE Who is this?

1 Spouse/partner2 Friend/neighbour3 Son/daughter4 Son in law/daughter in law5 Sibling6 Someone else7 More than one person8 No answer9 Not asked

Q5. CAR5 Does this affect when (which day/week) you can go shopping? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Q7).


Q6. CAR6 How does this affect when you go shopping? (Open question, not coded).

Q7. CAR7 Does this affect how often (how many times) you can go shopping? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Q9).

Code as Q5 - CAR5

Q8. CAR8 How is this? (Open question, not coded).

Q9. CAR9 Are you able to use someone else’s car? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Q14).

0 No1 Yes7 Not sure8 No answer9 Not asked

Q10. CAR10 Are you limited as to when (which day/week) you can use their car?

Code as Q5 - CAR5

Q11. CAR11 Are you limited as to how often (how many times) you can use their car?

Code as Q5 - CAR5

Q12. CARFOOD Do you use the car for food shopping? (If 1, 8 or 9 skip to Q14).

Code as Ql - OWNACAR

Q13. Why do you not use car the car to shop?


NOTSHOP Respondent does not shop.

SHOPSCLO Shops are close enough to go on foot.

PETROLTO Petrol too expensive.

CHEAPERU Cheaper to use public transport.

CANTPARK Can’t park easily.

PARKINGT Parking too expensive.

CARISUNR Car is unreliable.

FACTOR Other reason for not using car? (Specify).

NOTUSED Specify other reason for not using car. (Open question, not coded).


Q14. USEOTHER Do you ever use other forms of transport for food shopping? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q20).

Code as Q13 - NOTSHOP

Q15. What do you use?


PUBLICBU Public bus service.

BUSRUNBY Bus service run by supermarket.

TRAIN Train.

TAXICOMP Taxi company.

DIALARID Dial a ride.

OTHERMOD Other. (Specify).

WHICHMOD Specify other. (Open question, not coded).

Q16. SAMEMODE Do you use the same form of transport to go to the shops as you do to get home after shopping? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q18).

Code as Q15- PUBLICBU

Q17. WHYNOTSA Why is this? (Open question, not coded).

Q18. SATISFIE Are you satisfied with the mode(s) of transport you use? (If yes skip to Q20).

Code as Q15 - PUBLICBU

Q19. DISATIS1 and DISATIS2 What aspect(s) of the transport mode are you dissatisfied with? (Open question, not coded).

Q20. GPO How would you usually get to your nearest post office?

1 Walk2 Bus3 Train4 Car (own)5 Car (other persons)6 Taxi

7 Dial a ride

8 Other9 Someone else goes88 No answer99 Not asked

Q21. GPO2 How long would it normally take you to get to your nearest post office?

1 Less than 5 minutes 2 Five to ten minutes 3 Ten to fifteen minutes 4 Fifteen to thirty minutes 5 More than thirty minutes 6 Not applicable 7 Don’t know/can’t remember 8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q22. SHOP1 Thinking about the shop you get most of your food from, how would you usually get there?

Code as Q20 - GPO

Q23. SHOP2 How long would it take?

Code as Q21 - GPO2

Q24. DOC1 How would you get to your doctor’s surgery?

Code as Q20 - GPO

Q25. DOC2 How long would it take you to get there?

Code as Q21 - GPO2


HEALTH BEHAVIOUR

The next few questions are about whether you smoke and if so, how much.

Q1. DOUSMOKE Do you currently smoke regularly - that is at least once a day? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q3).


Q2. HOWMANY How many cigarettes, cigars, pipes do you smoke per day?

Q3. CIG3 Have you ever smoked regularly? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to next section).

Code as Ql - DOUSMOKE

Q4. YEARS How many years ago did you stop smoking?

Q5. WHYSTOP Why did you stop smoking? (Open question).

Q6. WHYSTOP1 and WHYSTOP2 Why did you stop smoking? (Coded).

1 Cost/price increase2 Bad publicity/scared3 Pressure by relatives/friends4 Member/s of family stopped - copied5 Member of family did not smoke - copied6 Didn’t want offspring to copy7 Lost a relative - smoking related illness8 Advice/Pressure from GP/medical advice9 Health reasons (not specified)10 Had lung cancer11 Had heart attack/heart trouble12 Had brain tumour13 Pregnancy14 Making them feel ill (non-specific)15 Causing bad chest16 Causing cough17 Causing colds18 Causing shortness of breath19 Causing nausea20 Sent them deaf21 Taste22 Burns mouth23 Only smoked during war/or when in the forces24 To put on weight

25 Just decided to/went of them

26 Can’t remember27 No reason given28 Arteriosclerosis29 Pericarditis30 Duodenal ulcer31 Asthma32 Claudication33 Diabetic/diabetic complications34 Throat problems35 Sinus36 Mastitis37 Religion (changed=new restrictions)38 Result of accident (hole in chin?)39 Protect/support spouses health40 Now seen as unsociable habit


DRINKING

I am now going to ask you a few questions about what you drink, that is if you do drink at all.

Q1. DRINK1 Do you ever drink alcohol nowadays, including drinks that you make or brew at home? (If yes skip to Q3) .


Q2. DRINK2 can I just check whether you ever have an alcoholic drink nowadays, or do you have an alcoholic drink occasionally - perhaps for medicinal purposes or on social occasions like Christmas? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q5).

Code as Ql - DRINK1

Q3. DRINK3 Do you ever drink alcohol in your tea or coffee?

Code as Ql - DRINK1

Q4. ALCOHOL How often do you usually drink alcohol?

Use as running prompt if necessary.

1 Occasionally 2 One - three times a week3 Four - six times a week 4 Daily 5 Several times daily 8 No answer 9 Not asked

INCOME

I realise that money is a very personal matter but it is very important for us to know how much money people have to spend on their food. It will help us to make sense of the answers you have given us earlier on your eating and shopping habits. Could I just ask a question on how much money you have coming into the house - any information you give us is strictly confidential.

Q1. Which of the following would you say best describes your own or your household income per week? This includes income from earnings, your state/and or private pension, other benefits, savings and investments.

Either hand the respondent the showcard for single person (8A).

SINGLE Weekly income for single people.

1 up to £55 per week 2 £55- £64.99 3 £65- £74.99 4 £75- £99.99 5 £100 - £149.99 6 £150 - £199.99 7 £200 - £299.99 8 £300 - £500 9 £500 +77 Don’t know/not sure88 No answer99 Not asked

PROBEGET If respondent states income of £500+ probe for estimate. (Open question, not coded).

Or hand them the showcard for couples/families (8B).

MORETHAN Weekly income for couples/families.

1 Up to £85 per week2 £85 - £99.993 £100 - £129.994 £130 - £149.995 £150 - £199.996 £200 - £299.997 £300 - £499.998 £500 - £599.999 £600 +77 Don’t know/not sure


88 No answer99 Not asked

PROBEGE2 If respondent states income of £600+ probe for estimate. (Open question, not coded).

Q2. STATE Do you get a State pension?

0 No1 Yes7 Not sure/don’t know8 No answer9 Not asked

Q3. Do you get any of these other benefits? Use as a running prompt (skip those that are obviously inappropriate).

0 No1 Yes7 Don’t know/not sure8 No answer9 Not asked77 Not appropriate

INCOMESU Income Support?

HOUSINGB Housing Benefit.

INVALIDS Invalidity Benefit.

SEVEREDI Severe Disablement Allowance.

INVALIDC Invalid Care Allowance.

WIDOWSPE Widows Pension.

ATTENDAN Attendance Allowance.

DISABILI Disability Living Allowance.

CASH Income as a percentage of pension level. The variables SINGLE and MORETHAN were combined to produce this variable.

Q4. Do you have any other source of income?

Use list as a running prompt.

0 No1 Yes7 Don’t know/not sure8 No answer

9 Not asked77 Not appropriate

OWNPENS1 Your own occupational pension.

SPOUPENS An occupational pension taken out by your spouse.

PRIVPENS Other personal pensions such as a private scheme.

EARNINGS Earnings.

INCOMEFR Income from investments

MONEYGIF Other regular income or gifts of money.

Q5. VALSAVE Leaving out the value of your home if you own it, what would you say is the value of your savings?

Hand the respondent showcard number 9.

0 No savings1 up to £2,999.99 2 £ 3,000 - £4,999.99 3 £ 5,000 - £7,999.99 4 £ 8,000 - £9,999.99 5 £10,000 - £14,999.99 6 £15,000- £24,999.99 7 £25,000 - £49,999.99 8 Over £50,000 77 Respondent doesn’t know/not sure 88 No answer 99 Not asked

PROBE3 If respondent states value of savings is 8 (over £50,000) probe for estimate. (Open question, not coded).

Q6. FINSIT How would you describe your financial situation?


1 Well off2 Comfortable3 Enough to get by on4 A bit hard pressed5 Hard up6 Very hard up8 No answer9 Not asked

Q7. ENOUGH Do you usually have enough money for food all week?


0 No1 Yes7 Don’t know/not sure8 No answer9 Not asked

Q8. MISSEDM Have you missed a meal in the past month?

Code as Q7- ENOUGH

Q9. MISSFREQ How often did you miss a meal? (Open question, not coded).

Q10. IMPBUDG Which one of these items is the most important in your budget?


1 Rent/mortgage2 Fuel bills3 Food4 Telephone5 Going out6 Clothes for self7 Don’t know/not sure8 No answer9 Not asked10 Television11 Alcohol/cigarettes12 Clothes for family13 Transport14 Hire purchase payments/loans

Q11. Do you use any of the following budgeting schemes to pay for your bills? Running prompt.

0 No1 Yes7 Don’t know/not sure8 No answer9 Not asked77 Not appropriate

ELECT Electricity board budget scheme or electricity stamps.

BRITISHG British Gas budget scheme or gas stamps.

TELEPLIST Telephone stamps.

TELESTAM Television stamps.

OTHERSCH Other (specify).

BUDGETSC Specify other. (Open question, not coded) ?

Q12. SETASIDE Do you have a set amount of money that you put aside for food each week or each month?

0 No1 Yes7 Don’t know/not sure8 No answer9 Not asked


LIFE SATISFACTION

Derived from Wood et al’s (1969) 13 item version of Neugarten st al’s (1961) Life satisfaction Index (LSI). Modified version used by Morgan, K., Dallosso, H.m., Arie, T., Byrne, E.J., Jones, R. and Waite, J. (1987), Mental health and psychological well-being among the old and very old living at home. British Journal of Psychiatry 150: 801-807.

Moving on from your finances, I’d like to ask you a few questions about your satisfaction with your lifestyle. I would like you to listen to the following statements about your feelings and tell me whether you agree or disagree with them or whether you are not sure.

Hand the respondent showcard 12.

Q1. DISAGREA As I grow older things seem better than I thought they would be.

0 Disagree1 Don’t know2 Agree

Q2. DISAGREB I have had more chances in life than most people I know.


Q3. DISAGREC This is the dreariest time of my life.

0 Agree1 Don’t Know2 Disagree

Q4. DISAGRED I am just as happy as when I was younger.


Q5. DISAGREE These are the best years of my life.


Q6. DISAGREF Most of the things I do are boring or monotonous.

0 Agree

1 Don’t know2 Disagree

Q7. DISAGREG The things I do are as interesting as they ever were.


Q8. DISAGREH As I look back on my life I am fairly well satisfied.


Q9. DISAGREI I have made plans for things I’ll be doing in a month or year from now.


Q10. DISAGREJ When I look back on my life I didn’t get most of the important things I wanted.

0 Agree1 Don’t know2 Disagree

Qll. DISAGREK Compared with other people I get down in the dumps too often.


Q12. DISAGREL I’ve got pretty much what I expected out of life.


Q13. DISAGREM In spite of what people say the life of the average person is getting worse not better.


Q14. LSSCORE Add up LSI score.


COOKING SKILLS

Q1. SKILLS1 Have you ever taken a cookery course’?

0 No 1 Yes 7 Can’t remember/not sure8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q2. SKILLS2 Have you ever been taught to cook by a friend or relative?

Code as Q 1 - SKILL1

Q3. SKILLS3 Have you ever had a job which involved cooking?

Code as Q1 - SKILL1

Q4. SKILLS4 In the past month have you read or bought food magazines?

Code as Q1 - SKILLS1

Q5. SKILLS5 Do you watch cooking or food programmes on television? (of 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q7)


Q6. Q6WHICHP Which ones (open question)?

Q6WHICH2 Which ones? (Coded).

1 Can’t cook, won’t cook 2 Cook of the year 3 Country file 4 Delia Smith 5 Farmhouse kitchen 6 Food and Drink 7 French cookery programme 8 Gary Rhodes9 Glyn Christian on the microwave 10 Good Food Guide 11 Gourmet Island 12 Hot chefs13 Italian cookery programmes 14 Jakes pipette 15 Jane Asher 16 Junior Masterchef

17 Keith Floyd

18 Ken Homs hot wok19 Mary Baker20 Masterchef21 Mossiman22 Nadhur Jaffrey23 Raul Rankin24 Ready Steady Cook25 Robert Carrier26 Roux Brothers27 Sophie Gregson28 The Food Programme29 The Urban Chef30 This morning (chef)31 Susan Brooks32 You can cook33 Any day time TV34 Any morning TV35 All/most/many other cookery programmes36 Ones aimed at vegetarian cookery37 Cant remember/don’t blow38 Unspecified/non specified39 Wan (Yan?) can cook

Q6WHICH3 to Q6WHICH6 Which ones. (Coded).

Code as Q6WHICH2

Q7. INFOSHEE Do you use the information sheets and/or recipe sheets in food stores? (Show examples).


(If the respondent lives alone skip to Q14).

Q8. SKILLS6 Has anyone else in the house taken a cookery course?

0 No1 Yes7 Can’t remember/not sure8 No answer9 Not asked

Q9. SKILLS7 Has anyone else in the house been taught to cook by a relative or friend?



Q10. SKILLS8 Has anyone else in the house had a job which involved cooking?


Q11. SKILLS9 Does anyone else in the house read or buy food magazines?

Code as Q8 - SKILL6

Q12. SKILLS10 Does anyone else in the house watch food programmes on television? (of 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Q14).

Code as Q8 - SKILL6

Q13. Q13DOYOU Do you know what these (programmes) are? (Open question). If the respondent doesn‘t know write this in.

Q13WH2 Do you know what these (programmes) are? (Coded).

1 Can’t cook, won’t cook 2 Cook of the year 3 Country file 4 Delia Smith 5 Farmhouse kitchen 6 Food and Drink 7 French cookery programme 8 Gary Rhodes 9 Glyn Christian on the microwave 10 Good Food Guide 11 Gourmet Island 12 Hot chefs 13 Italian cookery programme 14 Jakes pipette 15 Jane Asher 16 Junior Masterchef 17 Keith Floyd 18 Ken Homs hot wok 19 Mary Baker 20 Masterchef 21 Mossiman 22 Nadhur Jaffrey 23 Paul Rankin 24 Ready steady cook 25 Robert Carrier 26 Roux Bros 27 Sophie Grigson 28 The Food Programme 29 The Urban chef 30 Tlus Morning (chef) 31 Susan Brooks 32 You can cook 33 Any on daytime TV

34 Any on morning TV

35 All/most/any food programmes36 One aimed at vegetarian cookery37 Cant remember/doesn’t know name 38 Non/unspecified39 Wan (Yan ) can cook 40 Doesn’t know what other watches 42 Food File

Q13WH3 to Q13WH6 Do you know what these programmes are? (Coded).

Code as Q13WH2

Q14. SCRAMBLE Could you make scrambled egg/cheese on toast yourself?

0 No1 Yes7 Can’t remember/not sure 8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q15. SHEPHERD Could you make shepherd’s pie/cottage pie yourself?

Code as Q14 - SCRAMBLE

Q16. MEAT2VEG Could you make a main meal for yourself such as chicken/chop/steak, boiled potatoes and cabbage/sprouts?


SPONGE Could you make a sponge cake or sponge pudding yourself


ENDTIME Record the time the interview finished (24 hour clock eg 14.00)


PHYSICAL MEASURES

WEIGHT Record weight in kg. (use digits ie 60kg =060). If respondent refuses code as 999.

DEMISPAN Definition: half body span is the distance measured with a metal tape (to the nearest millimetre) from the right side of the sternal notch to the root of the middle and ring finger on the left hand, with the arm stretched out horizontally to the side and the palm facing forward.

Procedure

The measurement is usually made on the left arm. Enquire whether there has been damage or injury on the left side (hand, shoulder, collar bone or arm) which caused shortening of half-span, failure to straighten arm fully or to secure the tape between the fingers. If so, make the measurements using the right arm: indicate so on the measurement form and reverse the instructions below as appropriate (all the instructions are written for left arm).

The measurement should be made with the respondent standing (preferably) or sitting upright on a chair without arms. Position the respondent with their back to a clear length of wall or door (this helps line up the arm in a horizontal position) .

Locate the edge of the right collar bone (in the sternal notch) with the arm in a horizontal position

Position the respondent - standing straight up, looking straight ahead with the shoulders relaxed, horizontally level and square with the rest of the body. Unless they are wearing flat, soft shoes or it is difficult for them to do so, ask the respondent to remove their shoes (s/he will need to do this to be weighed).

Insert the stop between the middle and ring finger of the respondent’s left hand.

Ask the respondent to extend their arm. Support the respondent’s wrist with your right wrist.

Check that the arm is horizontal and in line with the shoulders. (If the respondent cannot fully

straighten their arm, move your supporting right hand into the respondent’s elbow and support at

that point whilst holding the tape measure against the arm).

Take the tape measure in your left hand and extend the tape to the right collar bone.

Ask the subject to extend their arm as fully as possible. Check quickly that a) the arm is flat, b) the wrist remains straight.

Read the tape (to the nearest mm) and tell the respondent to relax.

Record the value immediately in the space on the questionnaire. Code as recorded - for example 76.5 cm is coded as 765 and 80.8 cm is coded as 808.

NB Care must be taken that the arm is straight and in line with the shoulders when the tape is read. If the arm swings behind the shoulders, or the wrist is extended, the measurement will be too high. If the arm swings forward, or the wrist is flexed, the measurement will be too low.

Record demispan for BMI here. If respondent refuses code as 999.

CENTIGRA Respondents fridge temperature in degrees centigrade.

REMINDER: retrieve thermometer from the bridge. Record the temperature here in Centigrade.

If the respondent refused, code as 99. If fridge is not working code as 77.

MDEMISPA Demispan in metres.

MDEMISSQ Demispan in metres squared.

MINDEX Body mass index for Elderly Women.

DEMIQUET Body Mass Index for Elderly Men

Interviewer - note here any queries you have with regard to responses. Write the section title (eg CAPE Score) and the question number before jotting down the query.

SOPLEASE Queries noted by interviewer. (Open question, not coded).


SOPLEAS1 to SOPLEAS7 Queries noted by interviewer. (Open question, not coded).

NOTEITHE Notes regarding administration of the questionnaire. (Open question, not coded).

NOTEITH1 to NOTEITH6 Notes on administration of the questionnaire. (Open question, not coded).



DIARY AND SHOPPING QUESTIONNAIRE

Thank you for offering to help us by filling in this diary. We are collecting information about what people in your area eat, how often, where they buy it from, how food is prepared and how much they spend.

By filling in the diary you will give us useful information that will help to improve our knowledge of what people need in terms of portion size, packaging, cost, transport to and from the shops, nutrition information etc. Please read through the instructions for the diary carefully. If you have any problems reading or filling in the diary and would like to talk to someone please telephone Dr Sally Herne or Dr Jeanette Lilley at Queens Medical Centre on **** **** *** or ******* between 9 am and 5 pm.

Don’t forget to fill in the coupon at the end of the questionnaire to enter our prize draw.

*************************

This section is about what you usually eat. On the next few pages you will find lists of various foods and questions on how you cook and serve these foods. Please be assured that there is no right or wrong answer - we are purely interested in what you enjoy eating.

Read through each section and write down how often you think you normally eat these foods. Your diet does vary from time to time so just put down what you think is typical or average for you.

Please only give information on what you eat, not any of the other people in the household.

Answering the questions

Each section asks ‘how often do you think you eat the following foods?’ Rather than writing out a long answer we have reduced the options for your answer to some simple codes. Write the code in the space provided.

If you never have a food write NIf you rarely have a food (less than once a month) write R

If you usually have a food:

about once a month write 1Mabout twice a month write 2Mabout three times a month write 3M

about once a week write 1Wabout twice a week write 2Wabout three times a week write 3Wand so on 4W, 5W, 6W, etc...)

about once a day write IDabout twice a day write 2Dabout three times a day write 3Dand so on 4D, 5D, 6D, etc...)

Examples

Food how often any comments

tea 4D 1 CUP

milk 2D

muesli 1W

brown bread N

low fat spread R

boiled egg 3W 1 Egg Soft Boiled

fresh orange 1D

sugar 4D

chocolate bar 2M

This person usually has

1 cup of tea 4 times a day

milk twice a day

once a week they eat muesli

they never eat brown bread and rarely use low fat spreads

three times a week they have boiled eggs

a glass of fresh orange juice once a day

sugar in each cup of tea 4 times a day

a bar of chocolate about twice a month

CEREALS

About how often do you usually eat these foods?

0 Never or rarely0.25 1M0.50 2M0.75 3M1 1W2 2W7 1D14 2D21 2D etc..99 Missing data

SPORRIDG Porridge, oatmeal (cooked) in summer.

WPORRIDG Porridge, oatmeal (cooked) in winter.

MUESLI Muesli per week.

OTHCEREA Other breakfast cereal per week.

SLICEBRE Sliced bread per week.

BREADROL Bread rolls per week.

BOILRICE Boiled rice per week.

PASTA Pasta per week (Dried or fresh, spaghetti, macaroni, etc... not timed).

VCEREAL The number of items used eaten by the respondent in the food category. Variety of Cereals.

TYPECER1, etc to TYPECER6 What types of breakfast cereal so you usually eat? If you do not eat breakfast cereals write 'none'.

0 None mentioned 1 Alpen2 Bran flakes (any brand) 3 All bran/Bran buds/Bran 4 Cornflakes (any brand) 5 Common Sense Oat and Bran Flakes 6 Porridge Oats/Ready Brek7 Weetabix 8 Rice Krispies 10 Shredded Wheat/Shreddies 11 Other muesli 12 Fruit and Fibre/Perfect Balance

13 Golden Grahams, Frosted Shreddies and other frosted flakes14 Puffed wheat cereals eg sugar puffs 15 Special K 17 Other 99 Missing data

Q2. NOSLICES How many slices of bread do you usually eat? Remember to include bread you use for sandwiches and for toast. If you do not eat bread write 'none' .

Slices per day OR slices per week (interviewer times slices d day to arrive at a total of slices per week).

If none code '0', if missing code '99'.

Q3. TYPEBREA What type of bread do you usually use? (Please circle one number only).

1 Wholemeal or granary bread 2 White bread 3 White bread with added bran eg Mighty White4 Brown bread 5 Continental breads eg French stick, rye, pitta, pumpernickel6 Other bread (please name) (not coded) 7 Don't eat bread

ITEMS ADDED TO CEREAL PRODUCTS

Q4. SPREAD Which of the following do you usually spread on bread? (Please circle one number only).

1 Butter2 Soft margarine3 Hard (block) margarine4 Low fat spread5 Dripping/Lard6 Nothing7 Don' t eat bread8 Something else (please name) (not coded)

Q5. MILKADD What type of milk do you usually add to cereals, porridge or muesli (eg whole milk, skimmed, enriched, soya, gold top, etc...)? If you don't add milk write 'none'.

0 No milk1 Whole milk - pasteurised2 Semi skimmed3 Skimmed4 Sterilised/UHT5 Powdered6 Gold top7 Evaporated8 Straight from the cow9 Missing

Q6. TEASPOON How many teaspoons of sugar or other sweetener do you add to cereal, porridge or muesli? (Note I dessertspoon = 2 teaspoons). (If none code '0', if missing code '99')

Q7. SALTADD Do you add salt to your porridge? (Please circle one answer).

0 No1 Yes7 Don' t eat porridge

SWEETS


Code as CEREALS

CRUMPET Crumpets or muffins.

TEACAKE Teacakes or scones.

FRUITLOA Fruit loaf or currant bread.

CRISPBRE Crispbread and or crackers.

PLAINBIS Plain sweet biscuit (eg digestive).

FANCYBIS Fancy biscuits (eg sandwich - bourbon etc).

CAKE Cakes.

MILKPUDD Milk puddings.

SPONGEPU Sponge puddings.

VSWEETS The number of items used by the respondent in this food category. Variety of sweets.

BEVERAGES

About how often do you usually have these drinks. 7 Don't drink

Code as CEREALS

TEA Tea.

COFFEE Coffee.

COFFESUB Coffee substitute.

COCOA Cocoa.

COMPLAN Complan or Build up.

FLAVMILK Flavoured milk (eg milk shake).

GLASMILK Glass of milk.

VDRINK Variety of drinks. (Please circle one answer for each).

Q1. Do you have milk:

0 No1 Yes7 Don't drink

MILKTEA In your tea?

MILKCOFF In your coffee?

MILKCOCO In your cocoa?

MILKHOT In other hot drinks (eg Horlicks)?

Q2. TYPEMILK What type of milk do you usually add to tea, coffee, cocoa, etc... (Whole, skimmed, raw, etc...) If you don't add milk or drink these drinks write 'none.'

0 No milk1 Whole milk - Pasteurised2 Semi skimmed3 Skimmed4 Sterilised/UHT5 Powdered6 Gold top7 Evaporated8 Straight from cow

Q3. How many teaspoons of sugar or other sweetener do you have in tea?

7 Don't drink

SUGTEA In tea.

SUGCOFFE In coffee

SUGCOCOA In cocoa

SUGCHOC In hot chocolate

DIARY PRODUCTS AND EGGS

About how often do you usually eat these foods? Code as CEREALS

ORDCHES Regular cheese (Cheddar, Cheshire,CHOCOLAT Chocolate.

Edam, etc...).

COTTAGE Cottage cheese.

CREAMD Cream.

YOGHURTD Yoghurt.

SICECREA Ice cream in the summer.

WICECREA Ice cream in the winter.

DRIEDMIL Dried milk.

LIQMILK Liquid milk.

CUSTARD Custard.

FRIEDEGG Fried egg.

BOILEGG Boiled/poached egg.

SCRAMEGG Scrambled egg or omelette.

VDAIRY Variety of dairy products.

CONFECTIONERY AND JAMS


Code as CEREALS

CHOCOLAT Chocolate.

CHOCBAR Chocolate covered bars (eg Mars).

TOFFEES Toffees/boiled sweets.

HONEYJAM Honey, jam, marmalade.

MARMITE Marmite, bovril.

PEANUTBU Peanut butter.

VJAM Variety of jam.

USE OF LOW FAT DAIRY PRODUCTS

Q1. LOWCHEES When you eat cheese do you use the reduced fat varieties eg Delight or St Ivel? (Please circle one number).

1 Always or nearly always2 Sometimes3 Rarely or never4 Do not eat cheese5 Don't know/can't remember

TYPECREA When you eat cream what type is it usually? (Please circle one number).

1 Thickened cream2 Double cream3 Single or whipping cream4 Clotted cream5 Cream substitute eg Elm Lea6 Other (please name) (not coded)7 More than one type8 Do not eat cream9 Don't know/can't remember

TYPEYOGH When you eat yoghurt what type is it usually? (Please circle one number).

1 Plain natural yoghurt (not fat-reduced and without flavouring) 2 Natural yoghurt, low fat 3 Fruit flavoured (not fat reduced) 4 Fruit flavoured, low fat 5 Other (please name) (not coded)6 More than one type 7 Do not eat yoghurt 8 Don't know/can't remember

TYPEICE When you eat ice cream what type is it usually? (Please circle one number).

1 Regular ice cream (full fat) 2 Low calorie, reduced fat ice cream eg Too good to be true 3 Other (please name) (not coded) 4 More than one type 5 Do not eat ice cream 6 Don't know/can't remember

MEATS


Code as CEREALS

STEW Stew, casserole, curry, goulash.

STEAK Steak.

PORKCHOP Pork chop.

LAMBCHOP Lamb chop.

ROASTLAM Roast lamb/pork/beef.

SAUSAGES Sausages.

BACON Bacon.

LIVER Liver.

KIDNEY Kidney.

HAM Ham.

LUNCHEON Luncheon meat.

MINCEMEA Minced meat.

HAMBURGE Hamburger.

SAUSROLL Sausage roll.

MEATPIES Meat pie.

PASTIES Pasties.

OTHERPIE Other pies and pastries eg quiche.

VMEAT Variety of meats.

MEATS METHODS OF COOKING ANDCONSUMPTION OF MEAT FAT AND LOWFAT MEAT PRODUCTS

Q1. If you eat the following meats how would you usually cook them? (Please circle one for each food).

1 Fried2 Grilled/Baked3 Microwaved7 Don't eat

METHSTEA Steak.

METHCHOP Chops.

METHSAUS Sausages.

METHBACO Bacon.

Q2. QUANFAT If you eat meat with fat on do you eat: (Please circle one number).

1 All of the fat2 Most of it3 About half4 Little or none5 Don’t eat meat

Q3. CHIKSKIN Do you take the skin off chicken?

1 Always2 Sometimes (about half the time)3 Rarely4 Never5 Do not eat chicken

Q4. Do you buy any of the following products?

1 Always or nearly always2 Sometimes3 Rarely4 Never5 Don’t eat

LOWMINCE Low fat mince (may be marked ‘superlean’ ‘lean’.)

LOWSAUS Low fat sausages.

LOWBURG Low fat burgers.

CHICKEN AND FISH


Code as CEREALS

ROASTCHI Roast chicken.

CHIKCRUM Crumb coated chicken.

CHIKCASS Chicken casserole, stew, curry.

CHIKBREA Chicken breast portion.

CHIKLEG Chicken leg or wing portion.

WHITEFIS Fresh/frozen fish (cod, haddock, halibut, plaice, coley, hake, etc...).

OILYFISH Fresh/frozen oily fish (mackerel, herrings, kippers, fresh tuna, salmon,

SEAFOOD Sea food (prawns, cockles, mussels, whelks, clams, calamari, etc...).

OVENBAKE Oven baked fish fillets or fish fingers

CANFISH Canned fish (sardines, mackerel, salmon, tuna etc...).

VCHICK Variety of chicken and fish.

CANNED AND DRIED VEGETABLES


Code as CEREALS

CCARROT Canned carrots.

CGBEANS Canned green beans.

CGPEAS Canned green peas.

BAKEDBEA Baked beans in sauce.

COTHBEAN Other canned beans.

DRYBEAN Other dried beans.

SWEETCOR Canned sweetcorn.

CTOMS Canned tomatoes.

VCANVEG Variety of canned and dried vegetables.

SEASONAL FOODS; VEGETABLES

The following list of foods contains some vegetables that may be eaten more often at certain times of the year. Please fill in the details of how often you would eat these vegetables both in summer and in winter.

For example - if you eat lettuce, cucumber and new potatoes once a day in summer but only once a month in the winter months and sprouts once a week in winter but never in summer, write this as:

Summer Winter CommentsLettuce ID 1MCucumber ID 1MNew potatoes ID 1MBrussel sprouts N 1W

Code as CEREALS

SMASHPOT Fresh mashed potato - summer.

WMASHPOT Fresh mashed potato - winter.

SBOILPOT Fresh boiled potato - summer.

WBOILPOT Fresh boiled potato - winter.

SROASPOT Roasted potato - summer.

WROASPOT Roasted potato - winter.

SFRECHIP Fresh chips - summer.

WFRECHIP Fresh chips - winter.

SFROZCH Frozen chips - summer.

WFROZCH Frozen chips - winter.

SCARROT Carrots (fresh/frozen) - summer.

WCARROT Carrots (fresh/frozen) - winter.

STURNIP Turnip/swede (fresh/frozen) - summer.

WTURNIP Turnip/swede (fresh/frozen) - winter.

SBBEAN Broad beans (fresh/frozen) - summer.

WBBEAN Broad beans (fresh/frozen) - winter.

SGBEAN Green beans (fresh/frozen) - summer. OVENBAKE Oven baked fish fillets or fish

fingers.

WGBEAN Green beans (fresh/frozen) - winter.

SGPEA Green peas (fresh/frozen) - summer.

WGPEA Green peas (fresh/frozen) - winter.

SCABBAGE Cabbage (cooked) - summer.

WCABBAGE Cabbage (cooked) -winter.

SBRUSSEL Brussels sprouts (fresh/frozen) summer.

WBRUSSEL Brussel sprouts (fresh/frozen) winter.

SBROCCOL Broccoli (fresh/frozen) - summer.

WBROCCOL Broccoli (fresh/frozen) - winter.

SCAULI Cauliflower (fresh/frozen) - summer.

WCAULI Cauliflower (fresh/frozen) - winter.

SONION Onions (fresh) - summer.

WONION Onions (fresh) - winter.

STOMATO Fresh tomatoes - summer.

WTOMATO Fresh tomatoes - winter.

SLETTUCE Lettuce - summer.

WLETTUCE Lettuce - winter.

SCUCUMBE Cucumber - summer.

WCUCUMBE Cucumber - winter.

SCELERY Celery - summer.

WCELERY Celery - winter .

SCAPSICU Capsicums (red/green/yellow pepper) summer.

WCAPSICU Capsicums (red/green/yellow pepper) - winter.

SMUSH Fresh mushrooms - summer.

WMUSH Fresh mushrooms - winter.

VSUMVEG Variety of summer vegetables.

VWINVEG Variety of winter vegetables

METHODS OF COOKING VEGETABLES AND USE OF SALTS AND FATS Q1. Do you add salt to the cooking water when boiling the following foods? (Please circle one answer for each).

1 Always2 Sometimes3 Never7 Don’t boil8 Don’t eat

SALTVEG Vegetables

SALTRICE Pasta/rice

Q2. SALTADD1 to SALTADD4 Do you add anything other than salt to the cooking water when cooking vegetables? (If yes, write in what you add. If no, write ‘nothing’).

0 Nothing1 Bicarbonate of soda2 Sugar3 Mint or herbs4 Pepper5 Other

Q3. SALTMEAL How often do you add salt to meals after they are cooked? (Please circle one number).

1 Rarely or never 2 Sometimes 3 Always or nearly always4 Don’t know/can’t remember

Q4. SOAK Do you ever soak vegetables before you cook them? (Please circle one answer).

1 Always or nearly always 2 Sometimes 3 Rarely or never 4 Don’t eat vegetables 5 Don’t know/can’t remember Q5. COOKMETH When you cook vegetables which method do you usually use? (Please circle one answer).

1 Boiled in a lot of water 2 Boiled in a little water 3 Steamed/pressure cooked 4 Microwaved .

5 Stir fried

6 Roasted7 Other (please describe) (not coded)8 Don’t know

Q6. Here is a list of fats and oils commonly used in cooking. Which type of fat or oil do you most commonly use when ... (Please circle one answer for each).

1 Sunflower oil2 Soft margarine3 Hard (block) margarine4 Olive oil5 Nut oil (walnut/peanut etc)6 Dripping/lard7 Butter8 Blended vegetable oil9 Nothing10 Other11 More than one

FATMEAT Roasting or frying meat/fish?

FATFRY Roasting or frying vegetables?

FATGLAZE Glazing or mashing vegetables?

FRUIT

How often do you usually eat these foods?

Code as CEREALS

ORANGE Oranges, mandarins, grapefruit.

APPLE Apples and or pears.

BANANA Bananas.

BERRIES Berries (fresh/frozen).

FRUITSAL Fruit salad.

VFRUIT Variety of fruit.

How often do you eat these fruits when they are in season?

Code as CEREALS

PEACHES Peaches and or nectarines.

PLUMS Plums.

APRICOT Apricots.

GRAPES Grapes.

CHERRIES Cherries.

MELON Melon.

PINEAPPLE Fresh pineapple.

Are there any other fresh fruits you eat? If so please list them here along with the quantity and how often you eat them.

OTHFRU1 to OTHERFRUI6 Other fruits eaten? (open question, not coded)

QOTHFRU1 to QOTHFRU6 Frequency of eating other fruits.

Code as CEREALS

VSEASFRU Variety of seasonal fruit.

VALLFRU Variety of all fruits. (Total VFRUIT AND VSEAFRU).

DRIED AND CANNED FRUIT


Code as CEREALS

RAISINS Raisins, sultanas, currants.

DRYFRUIT Other dried fruit.

CANSYRUP Canned fruit in syrup.

CANJUICE Canned fruit in juice.

FRUITPIE Fruit pie or pastie.

VDRYFRU Variety of dried and canned fruit.

NUTS AND SNACKS


Code as CEREALS

CRISPS Potato crisps.

PEANUTS Peanuts (salted).

PEANUTUN Peanuts (unsalted).

OTHUNSAL Unsalted nuts (pecan, walnuts,

OTHSALT Other salted nuts.

VNUTS Variety of nuts.

SOUPS


Code as CEREALS

SCANSOUP Canned soup - summer.

WCANSOUP Canned soup - winter.

SPACSOUP Packet soup (made up) - summer.

WPACSOUP Packet soup (made up) - winter.almonds etc).

SHOMESOU Home-made soup - summer.

WHOMESOU Home-made soup - winter.

VSSOUP Variety of soups - summer.

VWSOUP Variety of soups - winter.

Q1. SOUPFLA1 to SOUPFLA4 Which flavour of soup do you usually eat?

0 Don’t eat soup1 Tomato2 Mixed vegetable3 Meat based4 Mushroom5 Fish based6 Oxtail7 Chicken8 Scotch broth9 Missing10 Game11 No one type specified12 Minestrone13 Pea and Ham14 Lentil15 French onion17 Asparagus18 Leek and Potato19 Celery

Q2. Is this canned, dried, home-made or another type of soup eg chilled?

TYPESOU1 to TYPESOU3 Type of soup.

1 Canned2 Dried3 Home-made4 Chilled5 Cup-a-soup

SAUCES AND DRESSINGS

About how often do you add the following saucesand dressings to your food?

Code as CEREALS

MAYO Ordinary mayonnaise.

LOWMAYO Reduced fat mayonnaise.

SALADRES Standard salad dressings (ThousandIsland, French dressing).

LOWDRESS Low fat dressings.

SALADCRE Salad cream.

SOURCREA Sour cream.

SWEETPIC Sweet pickle (Branston, Piccalilli).

TOMSAUCE Tomato sauce (ketchup).

BROWNSAU Brown sauce (eg HP).

SALTD Regular table salt.

LOWSALT Low sodium salt (eg Lo salt).

VSAUCE Variety of sauces and dressings.

BEVERAGES

How often do you usually have these drinks?

Code as CEREALS

LOWCORD Glass of low calorie cordial.

ORDCORD Glass of ordinary cordial.

LOWFIZZY Low calorie fizzy drink.

ORDFIZZY Ordinary fizzy drink. FRUITJ Fruit/vegetable juice. WATER Water (including mineral water). LOWBEER Low alcohol beer (includes lager).

ORDBEER Ordinary beer or lager.

CIDER Cider or perry.

WINE Wine.

SHERRY Sherry, port or liqueur.

SPIRITS Spirits.

VDRINKS Variety of drinks.

OTHER FOODS

Are there any other foods you eat regularly which haven’t been mentioned eg tofu, textured vegetable protein (TVP), frontage frais, ethnic foods such as polenta etc? If so please write in the name of the food, your serve size and how often you eat it.

OTHFOOlD to OTHFOOD6D (Open question, not coded).

QOTHF001 to QOTHF001 Frequency of eating other foods.

Code as CEREALS

SECTION TWO

From the information you give us in Section One we will get a general idea of what foods the people in your area eat and how often.

In this second section we are interested in finding out what combinations of food you eat, when you eat, where and who with. On the following pages you will find a grid to fill in for four days which asks you about your meal patterns, followed by a few questions about your shopping habits.

You may choose any four days to record, but it would be helpful if you could aim for two week days and two weekend days. An example of how to fill in this diary is given overleaf. If you have any problems filling this in please contact us on the number given at the start of the diary.

EXAMPLE

DAY ONE

Day THURSDAY Date 24th June 1996

1st meal 2nd meal 3rd meal 4th meal 5th meal

Timeeaten 8.00am 11.00am 12.30pm 5. 30pm 7.00pm

What you ate toast (white) tea lamb chop cheese/ham biscuitsbutter banana potatoes sandwich cocoamarmalade cabbage fruit caketea gravy glass beerbran flakes sponge pudwith milk

Cost (if eaten outside vour home) £1.10 nil

Where vou ate at home at home luncheon club at friends home

Who with with spouse alone other members at friends alone

DAY1

Day 1 - Day of the week

1 Monday2 Tuesday3 Wednesday4 Thursday5 Friday6 Saturday7 Sunday9 Missing

WEEK1 Day 1 - Week Number

Day 1 is week 1. Subsequent days are week 1 if same week or week 2 for following week etc.

9 Missing

A12PM6AM Day 1 - Number of meals 12am to5.59am

9 Missing

A6AM9AM Day 1 - Number of meals 6am to8.59am

9 Missing

A9AM12PM Day 1 - Number of meals 9am to11.59am

9 Missing

A12PM3PM Day 1 - Number of meals 12pm to2.59pm

9 Missing


9 Missing


9 Missing

A9PM12AM Day 1 - Number of meals 9pm to11.59pm

9 Missing

D1M1A Day 1, Meal 1, Item A

EXAMPLE

DAY ONE

Day THURSDAY Date 24th June 1996

Did you go food shopping today? (Please circle one) Yes No

If ‘No’ skip to Day TwoIf ‘Yes’ please fill in the following details

Which shop? Where is it? What did you buy? Approximate Cost

1. Tesco Victoria Centre White bread, full cream milk £7.00 Nottingham mince beef, chicken portions, packet of biscuits, butter, plain flour, tinned soup.

2. BeestonMarket Beeston, Notts Cauliflower, potatoes, onions £3.00 carrots, bananas, cheese.

3. Newsagent Lenton, Notts Sweets, cigarettes £3.00

4. Off license Lenton, Notts 4 cans of beer £3 .50

5. KwikSave Beeston, Notts Cereals, own brand tinned £5.00 vegetables, baked beans, timed tomatoes, frozen peas, frozen pies.

6. Boots Beeston, Notts Diabetic jam and chocolate £3.00

7.

Please turn over and fill in the diary on the four days of your choice.

Remember to write in the day and the date at the top of the page.

0 High Fibre Cereals1 Porridge2 Cereals - unfrosted3 Cereals - frosted4 Muesli - home-made/shop bought5 Sliced bread or rolls6 Toast7 French toast/melba toast8 Croissants9 Continental breads10 Sandwiches11 Other bread products12 Pasta - fresh/dried (not tinned), noodles13 Rice, including savoury rice14 Other grains (barley, buckwheat, oats, etc...)15 Crispbread or crackers16 Cooking oils 17 Butter 18 Margarine19 Low fat spread 20 Salad oils 21 Dripping/lard 22 Milk as drink 23 Milk as ingredient 24 Sauce - milk based eg. roux, bernaise 25 Yoghurt/Fromage Frais/Creme Fraiche26 Cream 27 Ice cream 28 Other frozen desserts 29 Other desserts 30 Cheese/Cream cheese 31 Cottage cheese 32 Processed cheese 33 Crumpet, muffin, scotch pancake, scone, tea cake, pyklets, donut 34 Biscuits 35 Malt loaf, fruit loaf 36 Cake or sweet bun (Christmas cake)37 Sponge pudding38 Milk pudding - rice pudding, tapioca, semolina, sago etc 39 Chocolate bar 40 Chocolate covered bar 41 Other sweets 42 Tea, lemon tea 43 Coffee 44 Coffee substitute 45 Cocoa, Drinking chocolate 46 Other hot drinks (herbal teas, Horlicks, Ovaltine) 47 Fruit juice 48 Water including mineral water

49 Fizzy drinks - lemonade etc NOT sparkling water 50 Diet fizzy drinks 51 Cordials 52 Slimming drink or meal replacement drink 53 Low alcohol beer or lager 54 Beer, lager or shandies 55 Cider or Perry 56 Wine 57 Sherry, Port or Liqueur 58 Spirits 59 Fresh eggs - boiled, poached or fried 60 Meat based stews - curry, goulash, casseroles etc 61 Steak or Chops 62 Roast meat/joint 63 Sausage or bacon 64 Offal 65 Processed meats (ham, corned beef etc) 66 Meat pies67 Meat pasties or rolls 68 Meat based quiche 69 Minced meat and products 70 Other meat products (eg Haggis) 71 Non meat based stews - Vegetable curry, ratatouille, provencale etc 72 Vegetable burgers, 'steaks' etc 73 Tofu 74 TVP/Quorn etc 75 Vegetable quiche, pies and pasties 76 Other vegetable products 77 Fresh poultry 78 Poultry products 79 White fish 80 Oily fish 81 Unspecified fish 82 Fish products 83 Fresh potatoes 84 Chips - fresh 85 Frozen chips 86 Other potato products 87 Fresh greens excluding peas 88 Frozen greens excluding peas89 Canned greens excluding peas 90 Other frozen vegetables 91 Other fresh vegetables92 Other canned vegetables 93 Dried vegetables 94 Salad vegetables or mixed salad (peppers) 95 Fresh fruits 96 Frozen fruits 97 Canned fruits 98 Dried fruits 99 Missing data 100 Fruit pies, pasties, flans and tarts 101 Fruit puddings and crumbles

102 Other fruit products eg. fruit fool, fruit mousse 103 Mayonnaise/salad cream 104 Salad dressings 105 Sweet pickle, chutney 106 Tomato/Brown sauce 107 Salt 108 Pepper 109 Sugar 110 Sugar substitutes 111 Preserves (Jam/Marmalade) 112 Other sweet spreads (Golden syrup, honey, peanut butter) 113 Savoury spreads 114 Gravy 115 Other sauces 116 Ready meals 117 Takeaways 118 Canned soup/pasta 119 Dried soup including cup-a-soup 120 Chilled soup 121 Dried snacks such as pot noodle, pot rice etc 122 Fruit jelly 123 Custard (sauce) 124 Pizza (any kind) 125 Composite pasta dishes(lasagne, canelloni, bolognese - homemade 126 Sandwich - meat, fish or poultry based with or without vegetables 127 Sandwich - vegetable, egg or cheese filling 128 Sandwich - sweet filling 129 Crisps/Twiglets 130 Canned fish 131 Evaporated or condensed milk, Tip Top 132 Nuts (any kind) 134 Stuffing 135 Fruit salad or cocktail 136 Trifle (any type) 137 Unidentified cereal product 138 Roast chicken, turkey, other poultry 139 Sweet mousse 140 Stout (Milk stout, Mackesons, Guinness, Murphys etc) 141 Yorkshire pudding, batter pudding, pancakes 142 Canned baked beans (any kind) 143 Garlic/Ginger 144 Soup - type unknown 145 Meat/Fish/Poultry based pate or spread 146 Sandwich - type unknown 147 Egg custard (tart) 148 Fried bread 149 Poultry based stew, casserole, curry etc 150 Vegetable/cheese quiche 151 Quiche - Type unknown, other type 152 Vegetables - type unspecified

153 Canned pasta dishes-bolognese, macaroni cheese, spaghetti in sauce 154 Christmas, plum or other suet based steamed pudding 155 Fish roe, fish eggs, mussels, shellfish, prawns 156 Continental meats-salami, garlic sausage, bierwurst, Parma ham 157 Mezzes - hummous, taramasalata, tzatziki etc 158 Potato products - waffles, croquettes etc 159 Continental coffees - cappuccino, expresso etc 160 Pickled vegetables - beetroot, gherkins, onions etc 161 Pre-prepared coleslaw and other salads 162 Cereal/Muesli bars 163 Scrambled egg or omelette 164 Diabetic desserts 166 Powdered or dried milk/coffee whitener 167 Italian 168 Dumplings 169 Soup - Home-made 170 Mustard 171 Herbs 172 Oxo drink or Bovril drink 173 Chinese meal - not takeaway 174 Onion rings 175 Peas - fresh 176 Peas - frozen 177 Peas - canned 178 Peas - type unspecified 179 Peas - dried 180 Afro-Caribbean vegetables 200 Illegible item

D1M1B Day 1, Meal 1, Item B

Code as D1M1A

D1M1C to DIMIN Day 1, Meal 1, Item's C toN

Code as D1M1A

D1MEAL1 Day 1, Meal 1, meal or snack?

Snacks are mostly single item, light food - drinkon it's own, cake, biscuit, crisps, sandwich, snack on toast, cup-a-soup, etc. A meal must have at least one course and provide a substantial part of the days calorific intake.

D1COST1 Day 1, Meal 1, Cost

1 Less than £1

2 £1- £1.99

3 £2 - £4.99

4 £5- £9.99

5 £10 - £14.99

6 £15 - £19.99

7 £20 - £29.99

8 £30 - £39.99

9 £40 - £49.99

10 £50 - £59.9911 £60 +12 Missing information13 Not applicable99 Missing information

D1PLACE1 Day 1, Meal 1, Place eaten

1 At home2 At friends/relatives home3 At work - in office/canteen/college4 Cafe5 Restaurant (and hotel restaurant)6 Takeaway7 Luncheon club8 Day centre9 Missing data10 Other venue11 Pub bar or restaurant

D1WITH1 Day 1, Meal 1, Who eaten with

0 Alone 1 Spouse only 2 Family (includes spouse and other relatives) 3 Friend(s)/neighbour(s) 4 Work colleagues/members of same group eg church members 5 Other person6 Friends and family 9 Missing information

D1M2A to D1M2T Day 1. Meal 2. Item's A to T

Code as D1M1A

D1MEAL2 Day 1, Meal 2, Meal or snack

Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D1M3A to D1M3U Day 1, Meal 3, Item's A to U

Code as D1MIA

D1MEAL3 Day 1, Meal 3, meal or snack

Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1

D1PLACE3 Day 1, Meal 3, place eaten

Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D1M4A to D1M4T Day 1, Meal 4, Item's A to T

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D1M5A to D1M5T Day 1, Meal 5, Item's A to I

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1

D1WITH5 Day 1, meal 5, Who eaten with

Code as D1WITH1

D1M6A to D1M6T Day 1, Meal 6, Item's A toT

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1

D1PLACE6 Day 1, meal 6, Place eaten

Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D1M7A to D1M7I Day 1, Meal 7, Item's A to I

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D1M8A to D1M8D Day 1, Meal 8, Item's A to D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAl1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1


Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D1M10A to D1M1OD Day 1, Meal 10, Item's A to D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D1M11A to D1M11D Day1, Meal 11, Item's A to D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1


Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

DAY1 - SHOPPING

D1SHOP Did you go food shopping today?

0 No1 Yes9 Missing

D1TYPE1 Day 1, Shop 1, Which shop

1 Farm shop2 Pick your own farm3 Butcher4 Bakery/Confectioners5 Greengrocer6 Fishmonger7 General corner store8 Mini market9 Missing information10 Newsagent11 Market12 Off licence13 Frozen food store14 Kwik Save15 Aldi16 Lo Cost17 Spar18 Asda19 Marks and Spencer20 Sainsburys21 Tesco22 Safeway23 Other shop/other supermarket24 Morrisons25 Delicatessen26 Coop27 Local supplier eg local egg man99 Missing information

D1LOC1 Day 1, Shop 1, Location

1 Rural village - Lincs/Leics/Notts2 Rural town or city - Lincs/Leics/Notts3 City centre Nottingham4 Nottingham suburb5 City suburb other than Nottingham6 Other7 Other town contra eg. Mansfield, Grantham, Lincoln, Newark8 Mobile shop/deliveries9 Missing information99 Missing information

D1GOOD1A Day 1, Shop 1, Item A

1 Bread (loaf or rolls)2 Fresh milk3 Other milk4 Margarine/butter5 Low fat spreads6 Oils7 Flour including cornflour, arrowroot etc8 Sugar9 Breakfast cereals and porridge10 Condiments, sauces and pickles including gravy11 Fresh vegetables12 Exotic vegetables (celeriac, aubergine, callaloo, sweet potato)13 Fresh fruit14 Exotic fruit (mango, paw paw, star fruit, rambutan, kiwi etc)15 Dried vegetables16 Tinned vegetables17 Frozen vegetables18 Salad vegetables19 Dried fruit20 Canned fruit21 Cakes, pastries, sweet buns, crumpets, biscuits, cheese cake22 Confectionery (chocolate, boiled sweets, caramels, toffees, mints)23 Non-alcoholic drinks (cordial, dizzy drinks, tonics, not juice)24 Alcoholic drinks25 Fresh meat26 Offal27 Processed meats (ham, bacon, sausage, corned beef, burgers, pate)28 Frozen meat29 Eggs30 Cheese - hard, soft31 Processed cheese - spreads, cream cheese32 Cottage cheese33 Yoghurt/Fromage Frais34 Cream - All types including those with vegetable oils35 Ice cream - normal and reduced fat, ice cream bars36 Other frozen desserts37 Milk puddings - sago, tapioca, semolina, rice pudding etc38 Sponge puddings-steamed, baked, microwaved, homemade or tinned39 Other desserts40 Fresh poultry41 Frozen poultry42 Poultry products43 Fresh fish44 Frozen fish45 Canned fish

46 Fish products-fish fingers, fish in batter, breadcrumbs, sauce47 Cigarettes48 Rice - any kind49 Pasta - Dried or fresh (not tinned), noodles50 Ready meals51 Pizza52 Meal replacement/slimming drinks53 Tea54 Coffee55 Cocoa, Hot chocolate, other hot drinks56 Tinned soup or pasta57 Dried soup58 Vegetable products - burgers, sausages, pies, pasties etc...59 Pies, pasties and quiches - meat, fish, cheese, poultry based60 Preserves61 Other sweet spreads - honey, chocolate spread62 Savoury spreads - marmite, bovril etc...63 Nuts64 Other baking ingredients - yeast, baking powder etc65 Other seasoning - Garlic, spices, herbs66 Ethnic foods67 TVP/Quorn68 Sauce Mixes-dried, packet, jars, cook-in sauce and gravy granule/powder69 Lard or dripping70 Custard powder71 Fruit or vegetable juice72 Coleslaw or other pre-prepared salad in dressing73 Diabetic confectionery, biscuits, cakes etc...74 Potato crisps, mini cheddars75 Jelly76 Vegetables - type unknown77 Salad dressings and sauces78 Pulses - any kind79 Crispbread, crackers, rice cakes etc...80 Pickled vegetables - beetroot, gherkins, capers etc...81 Evaporated, condensed milks, Dream Topping82 Continental breads - pitta, rye, croissants, baguette, herb etc...83 Continental cheeses - edam, gouda, brie, roquefort etc...84 Continental meats - parma ham, bierwurst, garlic sausage, salami85 Stuffing mixes86 Potato products - waffles, croquettes etc...87 Mussels, prawns etc. . .88 Illegible item

89 Bran

90 Sweeteners 99 Missing information

D1GOOD1B Day 1, Shop 1, Item B

Code as D1GOOD1A

D1GOOD1C to Z Day 1, Shop 1, Item's C to Z

Code as D1GOOD1A

D1GOODA1 Day 1, Shop 1, Item A1

Code as D1GOOD1A

D1GOODB1 to F1 Day 1, Shop 1, Item's B1 to F1

Code as D1GOOD1A

D1GCOST1 Day 1, Shop 1, Cost

1 Less than £12£ 1 - £ 1.993£2- £4.994 £5- £9.995£10 - £14.99

7£20 - £29.998£30 - £39.999£40 - £49.99

11 £60 + 12 Missing information 13 Not applicable 99 Missing information


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A

D1GOOD2B to D1GOODT Day 1, Shop 2, Item's B to T

Code as D1GOOD1A D1GCOST2 Day 1, Shop 2, Cost

Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1

D1GOOD3A to T Day 1, Shop 3, Item's A to TDlTYPE7 Day 1, Shop 7, Which shop

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1

D1GOOD4A to T Day 1, Shop 4, Item's A to T

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1

DAY2

DAY2 Day 2 - Day of the week

Code as DAY1


9 Missing

B12PM6AM Day 2 - Number of meals 12am to 5.59am

9 Missing

B6AM9AM Day 2 - Number of meals 6am to 8.59am

9 Missing

B9AM12PM Day 2 - Number of meals 9am to 11.59am

9 Missing

B12PM3PM Day 2 - Number of meals 12pm to 2.59pm

9 Missing


9 Missing


9 Missing

B9PM12AM Day 2 - Number of meals 9pm to 11.59pm

9 Missing


Code as D1M1A

D2M1B to D2MIN Day 2, Meal 1, Item’s B to N

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D2M2A to D2M2T Day 2, Meal 2, Item’s A to T

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D2M3A to D2M3U Day 2, Meal 3, Item’s A to U

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D2M4A to D2M4T Day 2, Meal 4, Item's A toT

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1 D2M5A to D2M5T Day 2, Meal 5, Item's A toT

Code as D1MIA


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D2M6A to D2M6T Day 2, Meal 6, Item's A toD2PLACE8 Day 2, Meal 8, Place eaten

TCode as DIPLACEI

Code as D1M1A


Coders D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code ow D1WITH1

D2M7A to D2M7G Day 2, Meal 7, Item's A toG

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Coder As D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D2M8A to D2M8D Day 2, Meal 8, Item's A toD

Code as D1MIA


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D2M9A, D2M9B and D2M9D Day 2, Meal 9, Item's A, B and D (No C)

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D2M10 to D2M1OD Day 2, Meal 10, Item's A toD

Code as DIPLACEICode as D1M1A

D2WITH12 Day 2, Meal 12, Who eaten withD2MEAL10 Day 2, Meal 10, Meal or snack

Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1


Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D2M12A to D2M12D Day 2, Meal 12, Item's Ato D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

DAY2 - SHOPPING


Code as D1SHOP


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A

D2GOOD1B to Z Day 2, Shop 1, Item’s B to Z

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GOOD1A

D2GOODB1 to G1 Day 2, Shop 1, Item’s B1 to G1

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1

D2GOOD2A to T Day 2, Shop 2, Item’s A to T

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOCI


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1

DAY3


Code as DAY1


9 Missing

C12PM6AM Day 3 - Number of meals 12am to 5. 59am

9 Missing

C6AM9AM Day 3 - Number of meals 6am to8. 59am

9 Missing

C9AM12PM Day 3 - Number of meals 9am to11.59am

9 Missing

C12PM3PM Day 3 - Number of meals 12pm to2.59pm

9 Missing

C3PM6PM Day 3 - Number of meals 3pm to5. 59pm

9 Missing

C6PM9PM Day 3 - Number of meals 6pm to8.59pm

9 Missing

C9PM12AM Day 3 - Number of meals 9pm to11. 59pm

9 Missing


Code as D1M1A

D3M1B to D3MIN Day 3, Meal 1, Item’s B toN

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D3M2A to D3M2T Day 3, Meal 2, Item’s A to T

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1


Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D3M4Ato D3M4T Day 3, Meal 4, Item’s A toT

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D3M5A to D3M5T Day 3, Meal 5, Item’s A toTCode as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1

D3WITH5 Day 3, meal 5, Who eaten with

Code as D1WITH1

D3M6Ato D3M6T Day 3. Meal 6, Item’s A toT

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D3M7Ato D3M7I Day 3, Meal 7, Item’s A to I

Code as D1MIA


Code as D1MEALI


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D3M8Ato D3M8D Day 3, Meal 8, Item’s A to D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D3M9A to D3M9D Day 3, Meal 9, Item’s A to D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D3M12A to D3M12D Day 3, Meal 12, Item’s Ato D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D3MllA to D3MllD Day 3, Meal 11, Item’s A to D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1

D3WITH11 Day3, Meal11, Who eaten with

Code as D1WITH1


Code as D1M1A

D3MEAL12 Day 3, Meal12, Meal or snack

Code as D1Meal1

D3COST12 Day3, Meal 12, Cost

Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1

D3WITH12 Day 3, Meal12, Who eaten with

Code as D1WITH1

DAY3 -SHOPPING


Code as D1SHOP


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GOOD1A

D3GOODB1 to F1 Day 3, Shop 1, Item’s B1 to F1

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1

D3GOOD2A to D3GOOD2T Day 3, Shop 2,Item’s A to T

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1

D3GOOD3Ato D3GOOD3T Day 3, Shop 3, Item’s A to T

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1

D3GOOD4A to D3GOOD4T Day 3, Shop 4, Item’s A to T

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1

D3GOOD5Ato D3GOOD5T Day 3, Shop 5, Item’s A to T

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1

DAY4


Code as DAY1


9 Missing

D12PM6AM Day 4 - Number of meals 12am to5. 59am

9 Missing

D6AM9AM Day 4 - Number of meals 6am to8. 59am

9 Missing

D9AM12PM Day 4 - Number of meals 9am to 11. 59am

9 Missing

D12PM3PM Day 4 - Number of meals 12pm to2. 59pm

9 Missing


9 Missing


9 Missing

D9PM12AM Day 4 - Number of meals 9pm to11. 59pm

9 Missing


Code as D1M1A

D4M1B to D4MIN Day 4, Meal 1, Item’s B to N

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D4M2A to D4M2T Day 4. Meal 2. Item’s A toT

Code as D1MIA


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1 WITH1


Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1W1TH1

D4M4A to D4M4T Day 4. Meal 4. Item’s A toT

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D4M5AtoD4M5T Day 4. Meal 5. Item’s A toT

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D4M6AtoD4M6T Day 4. Meal 6. Item’s A to

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D4M7AtoD4M7G Day 4, Meal 7, Item’s A to G

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D4M8AtoD4M8D Day 4, Meal 8, Item’s A to D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1


Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D4M10 to D4M1OD Day 4, Meal 10, Item’s A toD

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D4MllA to D4MllD Day 4, Meal 11, Item’s Ato D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1PLACE1


Code as D1WITH1

D4M12A to D4M12D Day 4, Meal 12, Item’s Ato D

Code as D1M1A


Code as D1MEAL1


Code as D1COST1


Code as D1M1A


Code as D1WITH1

DAY 4 SHOPPING


Code as D1SHOP


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GOOD1A

D4GOODB1 to G1 Day 4, Shop 1, Item’s B1 to G1

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1

D4GOOD2A to D4GOOD2T Day 4, Shop 2,Item’s A to T

Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1


Code as D1TYPE1


Code as D1LOC1


Code as D1GOOD1A


Code as D1GCOST1

DATEDAY1 Day 1, Day of week

1 Monday2 Tuesday3 Wednesday4 Thursday5 Friday6 Saturday7 Sunday9 Missing

MONTH1 Day 1, Month

1 January2 February3 March4 April5 May6 June7 July8 August9 September10 October11 November12 December

YEAR1 Day 1, Year

95- 199596- 1996


Code as DATEDAY1

MONTH2 Day 2, Month

Code as MONTH

YEAR2 Day 2, Year

Code as YEAR1


Code as DATEDAYl

MONTH3 Day 3, Month

Code as MONTH1

YEAR3 Day 3, Year

Code as YEAR1


Code as DATEDAY1

MONTH4 Day 4, Month

Code as MONTH1

YEAR4 Day 4, Year

Code as YEAR1

FOLLOW UP INTERVIEW

GPCODEF GP code

INTERVIF Interviewer name

1 Ros2 Irene3 Shelagh/Audrey4 Jane5 Carol/Dorothy

Thank you for agreeing to see me. Now we have finished with the diary I would just like to ask you a few questions on the food you eat and buy. This should take about three quarters of an hour.

FOOD LABELLING

The first few questions are all about the labels which appear on food products.

Q1. ATTNUTR Do you ever pay attention to the nutrients/ingredients listed on food labels whenyou are deciding which food to buy? (If 0, 3, 8 or 9 skip to Q6).

0 No1 Yes3 Never noticed them8 No answer9 Not asked

Q2. AVINGR Do you ever look at food labels because you want to avoid a particular ingredient? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q4).


Q3. Q3AVOID What do you try to avoid? (Open question).

Q3AV1 What do you try to avoid? (Coded).

1 Sugar2 Fats3 Additives4 Soya

5 Spices6 E numbers

7 Salt8 High calorie foods9 Acidic foods10 Garlic11 Monosodium glutamate12 Meat/meat products13 Starch14 Onions15 Peppers16 Insufficient information17 Missing information18 Preservatives

Q3AV2 and Q3AV3 What do you try to avoid?

Code as Q3AV1

Q4. ENOUGHF When you look at food labels while you are shopping do you ever use them to make sure you are getting enough of a particular ingredient? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Q6).


Q5. Q5ENOUGH What do you look out for? (Open question).

Q5LF1 What do you look out for? (Coded).

1 Folic Acid2 Ascetic acid4 Vitamins5 Trace elements6 Purity (real meat, real fruit juice etc)7 Date, sell by date, use by date8 Contents9 RDA10 Fibre content11 Other unspecified12 Amount of main ingredient (eg meat)13 Goodness/healthiness general

Q5LF2 and Q5LF3 What do you look out for?

Code as Q5LF1

Q6. UNDERST How easy do you think it is to understand the nutrient and ingredient information provided on food labels?

1 Very easy to understand 2 Fairly easy to understand 3 Neither easy nor difficult 4 Fairly difficult to understand 5 Almost impossible to understand 7 Not sure/don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked

I am now going to show you a typical food label. I would like you to look at it for a moment and then I will ask you a few questions about some of the information on it.

Hand the respondent the mock up food label

Q7. SELLDATE Please look at the top left hand corner and the sell by date. can you tell me what the sell by date means?

(Sell by date is the date used to tell both manufacturers and shoppers when the product should be kept on the shelf until. It is not an indicator of when the food goes off and food is still safe to eat. Only code as ‘correct’ if the respondent is able to tell you that it shows when the foodshould be displayed until.)

0 Incorrect answer1 Correct answer7 Don’t know8 No answer9 Not asked

Q8. USEDATE Now look across to the top right hand corner and the use by date. can you tell me what you think the use by date means? (Use by date tells the consumer when the product should be eaten by. After this date the eating quality of the product will decrease and for some foods such as meat, their microbiological safety is questionable. Code as ‘correct’ if the respondent mentions that it helps decide whether food is safe to eat, need to be disposed of etc).

Code as Q7- SELLDATE

Q9. ORDER I would like you to look at the list of ingredients. This starts with sugar and ends with citric acid. There is a reason why the ingredients are listed in that order, can you tell me what the reason is?

(List of ingredients - the ingredients are listed by weight in descending order. In other words the label shows that sugar is the main ingredient by weight, whilst citric acid is present in the least

quantity. Code as correct if the respondent mentions either of these possibilities).


Q10. SATURATE Underneath the ingredients list some of the nutrition information has been listed. Can you look at this list now please. On the sixth line the label mentions saturates. Can you tell me what you think these are?

(Saturates - a type of fat, usually of animal origin. These are the fats which are most responsible for blocking arteries and causing heart disease. Code as ‘correct’ if the respondent mentions either that this is a type of fat, or a type of fat bad for health.)


Q11. KCAL The first line of the label gives the energy value (point to kcal). Can you tell me what you think this means? (kilocalories - measure of energy value of the product. Code as correct if the respondent mentions that it shows how fattening the product is/how many calories there are in it, etc.)


Q12. MG Also mentioned on the labels are these symbols (point to g and mg). Can you tell me what you think these are? (Grammes and milligrammes are both units of weight.)


Q13. RDA At the bottom of the nutrition information it says Calcium 160 milligrammes, and then in brackets underneath 20% of RDA. Can you tell me what you think RDA means? (Recommended Daily Allowance. This is the amount that nutritionists suggest most people should eat of a particular nutrient per day. In order to help consumers decide whether the product is a good source of a nutrient the nutrition label often shows the percentage of the RDA supplied by the product.)


Now take back the mock up labelThe label I have just shown you has been expanded in size so that you can see it clearly. I am now interested in finding out how well you can read normal size labels.

Q14. TOOSMALL Do you have difficulty reading food labels because the print is too small or too cramped? (If 0, 7, 8 or 9 skip to Ql9).

0 No 1 Yes 7 Not applicable/don’t read labels 8 No answer 9 Not asked

Q15. POOREYEF Do you have difficulty reading food labels because you have poor eyesight? (of 0, 8 or 9 skip to Ql9).


Q16. GLASSES Is this corrected by glasses, contact lenses or another sort of aid to help yousee? (If 0, 8 or 9 skip to Ql 9).

Code as Q15 - POOREYEF

Q17. WEARGLAS Do you wear (use) your spectacles (contacts, etc) when you are shoppingfor food? (If 1, 8 or 9 skip to Ql9).

Code as Q15 - POOREYEF

Q18. Q18GLASS Why not? (Open question).

Q18V and Q18V1 Why not? (Coded).

1 Doesn’t need spectacles/for shopping2 Only use to read papers/books 3 Forget 4 Only take essential things when going shopping 5 Doesn’t bother to read labels 6 Doesn’t want to become dependent on spectacles 7 Because got to fumble in bag when taking them on or off 8 Someone else reads the labels/chooses 9 Never think will need them 10 Would only use to study new products 11 Need to use magnifying glass, not convenient to take shopping 12 Frightening of losing (expensive to replace) 13 Insufficient data

CHOICE BETWEEN BRANDS

Ql9. Moving on to when you are buying food. When you are choosing between brands of similar items (eg two brands of cornflakes or frozen peas) how important are these factors to you?

1 Not important 2 Range of importance 1-6 3 Range of importance 1-6 4 Range of importance 1-6 5 Range of importance 1-6 6 Very important 7 Not applicable (doesn’t shop) 8 No answer 9 Not asked

PRICE - Price.

TASTE - Taste.

NOADDITI - No additives.

PACKAGIN - Packaging easy to open.

RECYCLED - Recycled packaging.

WELLKNOW - Well known brand.

LONGSHEL - Long shelf life.

PORTIONS - Portion size.

NUTRITIO - Nutritional information.

ADVERTIS - Advertised on television.

FEELINGS ABOUT FOOD

Q20. FEELINGS Which one of these statements best describes your feelings about the food you currently eat?

1 I have no need to change my eating patterns they are already very good 2 I don’t need to worry about the sort of food I eat - I am basically a healthy person 3 I should probably improve the way I eat but I haven’t really tried 4 I have been trying to improve the way I eat but not very successfully 5 I have improved the way I eat quite a bit 6 I have never given it any thought

Q21. Over the past few years there have been lots of reports in the papers and on the television about what people should be eating these days. What I would like to do now is read you out a list of different foods, for each one I would like you to tell me whether people in general should be eating more or less of it.

0 Less1 More7 Don’t know/not sure8 No answer/none9 Not asked

REDMEAF - Red meat.

FRESHFRT - Fresh fruit.

ANIMALFA - Fats like lard or dripping.

FIBRE - Fibre (roughage).

SUGARF - Sugar.

VEGGIES - Fresh vegetables.

SALTF - Salt.

BREADF - Bread.

BOOZE - Alcoholic drinks (in general - not red wine).

POLYUNSA - Polyunsaturated oils like sunflower or olive oil.

FISHF - Fresh fish.

READYM - Pre-prepared convenience foods like ready meals.

HEALTH BELIEFS

Q22. I am now going to read you some statements about food and its relation to health. I would like you to listen to the statement and then to tell me whether you think the statement is true, false or if you are not sure of the answer.

0 False1 True3 Unsure7 Don’t know8 No answer9 Not asked

FATCHOL Fats in the diet can affect some peoples cholesterol levels.

BREADCON Eating wholemeal bread may help prevent constipation.

WHITEFIB White bread is a good source of fibre.

WHITETAS White bread tastes better than wholemeal bread.

MARGEFAT Margarine is not as fattening as butter.

POLYBUTT Polyunsaturated margarine is better for you than butter.

BUTTERTA Butter has a better taste than margarine.

INCREXER Increasing exercise can help reduce weight.

OVERWGT Being overweight is bad for your health.

MEATFISH Meat and fish contain a lot of fibre.

SATBAD Saturated fats are bad for your health.

FATSOURC Saturated fats are found in red meats, butter and whole milk.

MlLKTAST Whole milk has a better taste than the fat reduced varieties.

FATREDUC Fat reduced milk tastes okay once you get used to it.

TOOMUCHS Too much salt is bad for your health.

LISTBIG A list of ingredients on a food label show ingredients present in the greatest quantity first.

INFLUENCES ON CHOICE

Q23. I am now going to read out a list of factors that some people say influence their eating and shopping habits. I would like you to tell me how important these things are in determining what you eat or buy.

Use running prompt if necessary.

1 Very important 2 Quite important 3 Neither important nor unimportant 4 Fairly unimportant 5 Not at all important 7 Not applicable 8 No answer 9 Not asked

MONBILLS The amount of money left after paying the bills.

YOURSPOU What your spouse/partner likes to eat.

GOODFYOU Eating things that are good for you.

EASIPREP Eat food that is easy to prepare.

EASICOOK Eat food that is easy to cook.

EASIOPEN The ease with which you can open the container the food is sold in.

BRANDNAM The brand name of the food (even if it is not the cheapest).

CLAIMS The manufacturers claims that the food is good for you.

RIGHTPOR The right portion size.

YOURCHIL What your children like to eat.

RELATIVE RISK

Q24. I would like you to look at this card please. Written on it are some of the concerns people have these days about the food they eat. can you read through the list and tell me which one you think is of the greatest concern to you?

Hand the respondent showcard follow up 2

RISKS

1 Getting a dose of food poisoning 2 Residues of chemicals like pesticides on food 3 Manufacturers putting artificial additives, such as colourings and flavourings in food 4 Getting heart disease or cancer from eating the wrong foods5 Becoming overweight 6 I am not concerned about any of these7 Don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked 10 Animal diseases such as mad cow disease spreading to people

Take back the showcard

RESISTANCE TO CHANGE

Q25. I am now going to read out a series of statements to you on the way you eat now and what you enjoy eating. I would like you to listen to each statement and then tell me which of the answers on the card applies.

Hand respondent showcard follow up 3

1 Strongly agree 2 Agree3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly disagree 7 Not sure/don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked

IAMSATIS I am satisfied with the foods I eat I see no need to change.

DIFFFOOD If it was necessary I could easily learn to eat different foods.

NEWDIFFE I’d rather stick to the old favourite meal than mess around with new and different foods.

TRYNEW I would be willing to try an unfamiliar food once.

NEVERCHA I never change the types of food I eat from one week to the next.

VITPILL If my diet was inadequate I would rather take a vitamin pill than change my food.

NOTCHANG I would not like to change the types of food I am eating now.

CHLABEL I don’t like it when they change the label or package of something I have been buying for years.

FAMILIAR I believe that people get most satisfaction from eating familiar foods.

UNFAMILI I find it difficult going shopping because there are so many new and unfamiliar foods on the shelf.

THREESQM It is important for me to eat three square meals a day.

IAMHAPPY I am happy with my current eating habits.

HEALTHIE I would find it difficult to change my usual recipes to ones which are healthier.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Take the showcard from the respondent and now hand them showcard follow up 4.

Q26. Nutrition information is available from many sources. Could you please look at this card and then tell me how reliable do you think information provided by the following sources would be?

1 Very reliable2 Fairly reliable3 Neither reliable nor unreliable4 Fairly unreliable5 Very unreliable7 Don’t know/not sure8 No answer9 Not asked

FAMILYME Family member or friend.

MYGP GP.

DIETITIA Dietitian.

MAGAZINE Magazine, book or newspaper.

TELEVF Television.

ADVERTI1 Advertising by manufacturers.

FOODLABE Food labels on products.

WEIGHTLO Weight loss groups.

RESEARCH Research organisations such as theCancer Research Campaign.

GOVERNME The Government.

Take the showcard from the respondent

Q27. Which sources have you used in the pastyear?

Use list as a running prompt.

0 No1 Yes7 Cant remember8 No answer9 Not asked

FAMILYM1 Family member or friend.

MYGP1 GP.

DIETITI1 Dietitian.

MAGAZIN1 Magazine, books or newspapers.

TELEVIS1 Television

ADVERTI2 Advertising by manufacturers.

FOODLAB1 Food labels on products.

WEIGHTL1 Weight loss groups.

HEARTFO1 Research organisations such as the Cancer Research Campaign.

GOVERNM1 Government.

GOOD AND BAD FOODS

Hand the respondent the picture board showing the side with numbered food pictures.

I would like to show you a set of pictures ofdifferent foods now. Please look at the pictures and tell me...

Q28. GOOD, GOOD1, etc to GOOD11. WhichOf these foods would you say are good for you?

0 Missing1 Bread2 Red meat3 Cakes4 Eggs5 Fish6 Vegetables7 Fruit8 Butter9 Sweets10 Sausages11 Nuts12 Cheese13 Roast dinner14 Vegetable oil15 Ice cream16 All of them17 None of them77 Don’t know/not sure88 No answer99 Not asked

The variables GOOD to GOOD11 were combined to produce the following:-

1 Good for you.

GBREAD Bread.

GREDMEAT Red meat.

GCAKES Cakes.

GEGGS Eggs.

GFISH Fish.

GVEG Vegetables.

GFRUIT Fruit.

GBUTTER Butter.

GSWEETS Sweets.

GSAUS Sausages.

GNUTS Nuts.

GCHEESE Cheese.

GROAST Roast dinners.

GVEGOIL Vegetable oil.

GICEC Ice cream is good for you.

GALL All of the foods.

GNONE None of the foods.

Q29. BAD, BAD1, etc to BAD11. Which of these foods would you say are bad for you?

Code as Q28 - GOOD.

The variables BAD, to BADll were combined to produce the following:

1 Bad for you.

BBREAD Bread.

BREDMEAT Red meat.

BCAKES Cakes.

BEGGS Eggs.

BFISH Fish.

BVEG Vegetables.

BFRUIT Fruit.

BBUTTER Butter.

BSWEETS Sweets.

BSAUS Sausages.

BNUTS Nuts.

BCHEESE Cheese.

BREAST Roast dinners.

BVEGOIL Vegetable oil.

BICEC Ice cream.

BALL All of the foods.

BNONE None of the foods.

Q30. EATS, EATS1, ETC to EATS11. Which of these foods would you normally eat?

Code as Q28 - GOOD.

The variables EAT to EATS11 were combined to produce the following:-

1 Would normally eat

EBREAD Bread.

EREDMEAT Red meat.

ECAKES Cakes.

EEGGS Eggs.

EFISH Fish.

EVEG Vegetables.

EFRUIT Fruit.

EBUTTER Butter.

ESWEETS Sweets.

ESAUS Sausages.

ENUTS Nuts.

ECHEESE Cheese.

EROAST Roast dinners.

EVEGOIL Vegetable oils.

EICEC Ice cream.

EALL All of the foods.

ENONE None of the foods.

FOODS INFLUENCE ON HEALTH

Hand the respondent showcard follow up 3.

Q31. As we did a few moments ago, I would likeyou to look again at this card and tell me whether you agree or disagree with the statements I am about to read you.

1 Strongly agree2 Agree3 Neither agree nor disagree4 Disagree5 Strongly disagree7 Not sure/don’t know8 No answer9 Not asked

OVERRISK Being overweight when you are older is not a major health risk.

HEARTDIS Heart disease is not the problem it used to be as treatment can overcome most of the problems.

TEXSMOKE We would have fewer premature deaths if people in this country if people ate healthily, took some exercise and stopped smoking

FOODSPAN Eating the wrong food may shorten my lifespan.

GETUPGO If I eat correctly I have more get up and go.

FAMDONT My family (spouse) does not like healthy foods so it is difficult for me to eat them.

DISTASTE I don’t like the taste of a lot of the foods which are said to be good for you.

MYLOCALS My local shops do not stock a wide range of healthy foods.

SUFFER I have to be careful of what I eat or I suffer for it.

RIPEOLDA I am not too concerned about my health as my family have all lived to a ripe old age.

MIRROR Whenever I look in the mirror I think I really should do something to improve my body.

ADTRY Whenever I see an advertisement on the television I think I should try out the food.

FAMTRY If members of the family or friends are trying out a new food product I will often try it too.

LABTRY Labelling on food package will often lead me to choose one brand over another.

FUSSYFAD Many of the people I know think being concerned with what you eat means you are faddy/fussy.

IMPORTAN My family think that eating the right food and exercising are important.

ONLYIF I usually only get concerned about my health if something goes wrong.

WORRYIF When I hear of someone I know having heart disease or cancer I get worried about myself.

IAMOLD I am not worried about what I eat because I have lived to a good age myself.

ITHINK I think it is important to eat foods which are good for you and get some exercise.

Take the showcard from the respondent.

BRAND IMAGE

Here are a set of labels which are for different brands of baked beans. I would like you to look at them and answer a few questions. We are more concerned with what you think of the different brands here so it does not matter if you don’t eat beans.

Hand the respondent the picture board, showing the side of beans labels.

Q32. CHEAP, CHEAP1, etc to CHEAP4. Which of these brands would you buy if you want the cheapest product?

1 Heinz 2 Sainsbury’s 3 HP 4 Crosse and Blackwell 5 Farm Foods 6 No preference expressed by the respondent7 Not sure/don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked 10 Not applicable

Remind the respondent that for these questions they can name more than one brand.

The variables CHEAP to CHEAP 4 were combined to produce the following:

1 Would buy if wanted cheapest product.

CHEINZ Heinz beans.

CSAINSB Sainsbury’s beans.

CHP HP beans.

CCROSSBL Cross and Blackwell beans.

CFARMFOO Farm Foods.

Q33. VALUE, VALUES, etc to VALUE4.

Which of them would you buy if you wanted a product that was good value for money?

Code as Q32 - CHEAP.

The variables VALUE to VALUE4 were combined to produce the following:

1 Would buy if wanted good value for money.

VHEINZ Heinz beans.

VSAINSB Sainsbury’s beans.

VHP HP beans.

VCROSSBL Cross and Blackwell.

VFARMFOO Farm Foods beans.

Q34. QUAL, QUALI1, etc to QUAL4. Which would you buy if you wanted the best quality?


The variables QUAL to QUAL4 were combined to produce the following:-

1 Would buy if wanted the best quality.

QHEINZ Heinz beans.

QSAINSB Sainsbury’s beans.

QHP HP beans.

QCROSSBL Cross and Blackwell.

CQFARMFOO Farm Food beans.

Q35. DEAR, DEAR1, etc to DEAR4. Which ofthem do you think is the most expensive?


The variables DEAR to DEAR4 were combined toproduce the following:-

1 Think is the most expensive.

DHEINZ Heinz beans.

DSAINSB Sainsbury’s beans.

DHP HP beans.

DCROSSBL Cross and Blackwell beans.

DFARMFOO Farm Foods beans.

Q36. BUYS, BUYS1 TO BUYS4. Which of them would you normally buy?

Code as Q32 - CHEAP

The variables BUYS to BUYS4 were combined to produce the following:

1 Would normally buy.

BSAINSB Sainsbury’s beans.

BHEINZ Heinz beans.

BHP HP beans.

BCROSSBL Cross and Blackwell beans.

BFARMFOO Farm Foods beans.

Take the picture board back from the respondent.

LOCUS OF CONTROL

Q37. These days many people find themselves bombarded with information about what is good for them. We are interested to find out what you believe is true or not. Again I will read out a few statements to you and using this showcard can you tell me whether you agree or disagree.


1 Strongly agree 2 Agree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly disagree 7 Not sure/don’t know 8 No answer 9 Not asked

DOCSADVI I do not always take my doctor’s advice on health matters.

SCEPTIC I am sceptical of the claims of nutrition experts.

MYMINDUP I like to make up my own mind about what’s good for me and not rely on what other people tell me.

ACTONADV I usually listen and act on the advice of close friends and family.

MEDIAPER I would follow the advice of media personalities that I admired.

IFILL If I am ill it is my own behaviour which determines how soon I get well.

AVOIDILL If I take care of myself I can avoid illness.

ONLYDOC Regarding my health I can only do what my doctor tells me.

IGNOREIT There is so much conflicting information on what is good for you I tend to just ignore it.

ITRUSTEX I trust the experts to tell me the truth about what is good for me.

Take the showcard from the respondent

MARKET SEGMENTATION

Thank you for your help so far. We are now onto the last question. I am going to show you a list which contains the names of several well known shops. As with the questions on beans we are interested in what you think of these shops as well as which ones you actually use.


Q38. CHEAPER, CHEAPER1, etc to CHEAPER7. Can you tell me which of these shops do you think sells the cheapest food?

1 Marks and Spencer 2 Sainsbury’s 3 Tesco 4 Asda 5 KwikSave 6 Aldi 7 Don’t know/not sure 8 No answer 9 Not asked 10 Not applicable 11 Corner shop 12 Coop 13 Market place 14 No preference stated by respondent

The variables CHEAPER to CHEAPER7 were combined to produce the following:

1 Sells the cheapest food

CMS Marks and Spencer.

CSAINS Sainsbury’s.

CTESCO Tesco.

CASDA Asda.

CKWIKS KwikSave.

CALDI Aldi.

CCORNSH Corner Shop.

CCOOP Co-op.

CMARKET Market Place.

Q39. ALLFOOD, ALLFOOD1, etc to

ALLFOOD7. And which of the following wouldyou be able to get all your food shopping from inone go?

Code as Q38 - CHEAPER

The variables ALLFOOD to ALLFOOD7 werecombined to produce the following:-

1 Could get all your food shopping from there

AMS Marks and Spencer.

ASAINS Sainsbury’s.

ATESCO Tesco.

AASDA Asda.

AKWIKS KwikSave Save.

AALDI Aldi.

ACORNSH Corner Shop.

ACOOP Co-op.

AMARKET Can get all food from market place.

Q40. QUALY, QUALY1, etc to QUALY7..Which shops do you think sell the best quality food?

Code as Q38 - CHEAPER.

The variables QUALY to QUALY7 were combined to produce the following:-

1 Sells the best quality food

QMS Marks and Spencer.

QMARKET The market place.

QSAINS Sainsbury’s.

QTESCO Tesco.

QASDA Asda.

QKWIKS KwikSave.

QALDI Aldi.

QCORNSH The corner shop.

QCOOP Co-op.

QMARKET The Market Place

Q41. EXPENSEF, EXPENSEF1, etc to EXPENSE7. In your opinion which shops sell the most expensive food?

Code as Q38 - CHEAPER

The variables EXPENSEF to EXPENSE7 were combined to produce the following:

1 Sells the most expensive food

EMS Marks and Spencer.

ESAINS Sainsbury’s.

ETESCO Tesco.

EASDA Asda.

EKWIKS KwikSave.

EALDI Aldi.

ECORNSH Corner Shop.

ECOOP Co-op.

EMARKET Marketplace

Q42. ACCESS, ACCESS1, etc to ACCESS7. Which shops do you have access to in this area (which ones could the respondent use in theory).

Code as Q38 - CHEAPER.

The variables ACCESS to ACCESS7 were combined to produce the following:

1 Have access to in this area

ACMS Marks and Spencer.

ACSAINS Sainsbury’s.

ACTESCO Tesco.

ACASDA Asda.

ACKWIKS KwikSave.

ACALDI Aldi.

ACCORNSH Corner shop.

ACCOOP Co-op.

ACMARKET Market place.

Q43. USES, USES1, etc to USES7. Which shops do you (or the person who shops for them)currently use to do the food shopping?

Code as Q38- CHEAPER.

The variables USES to USES7 were combined to produce the following:

1 Currently use for food shopping

UMS Marks and Spencer

USAINS Sainsbury’s.

UTESCO Tesco.

UASDA Asda.

UKWIKS KwikSave.

UALDI Aldi.

UCORNSH Corner Shop

UCOOP Co-op.

UMARKET Market place.

Q44. NEVER, NEVER1 to NEVER7. And which do you (or the person who shops for them) never use to do your food shopping?

Code as Q38- CHEAPER.

The variables NEVER to NEVER7 were combined to produce the following:

1 Never use for food shopping

NMS Marks and Spencer.

NSAINS Sainsbury’s.

NTESCO Tesco.

NASDA Asda.

NKWIKS KwikSave.

NALDI Aldi.

NCORNSH Corner Shop.

NCOOP Co-op.

NMARKET Market place.

Q45. WHYAVF Why do you (or the person doing the shopping) avoid using these shops? (Open question).

The responses to WHYAVF were then coded as follows:

SHAV1 Why do you avoid using these shops (in general)?

7 Don’t know/not sure8 No answer9 Not asked10 Not applicable14 No preference of shops

AVOIMS Why do you avoid using Marks and Spencer? (Open question).

SHAV2 Why do you avoid using Marks and Spencer? (Reason l) (Coded).

1 Not used to using 2 Out of area/too far/don’t know where is 3 Never think of going there, not used to, habit 4 Not easy to get to (with transport available) 5 Never heard of them 6 Dislike owners - due to race 7 Too expensive 8 Poor presentation, dirty or unclean appearance9 No need, get everything elsewhere - one place, content with shops in area 10 Limited choice, cant get everything need here 11 Dislike own brands/brands stocked 12 Too cheap 13 Poor quality/unreliable quality 14 Don’t shop/someone else shops 15 Dislike clientele/owners 16 Can’t select own pieces (eg fruit/veg) 17 Don’t like/generally unappealing 18 Poor system/dislike layout 19 No/not easy wheelchair access 20 Cash only paying system 21 On a budget/end up spending too much 22 Staff rude/dislike attitude 23 Unable to use now, due to lifestyle change 24 Can’t buy small enough quantity, package or tin 25 Don’t agree with stores politics 26 No reason 27 At work when market/shop open

28 Insufficient data noted here 29 Cant park there/near

SHAV2A Why do you avoid using Marks and Spencer? (Reason 2) (Coded.)

AVOSAINS Why do you avoid using Sainsbury’s? (Open question.)

SHAV3, SHAV3A Why do you avoid using Sainsbury’s? (Coded).

Code as SHAV2.

AVOITESC Why do you avoid using Tesco? (Open question.)

SHAV4, SHAV4A Why do you avoid using Tesco? (Coded.)

Code as SHAV2.

AVOIASDA Why do you avoid using Asda? (Open question.)

SHAV5, SHAV5A Why do you avoid using Asda? (Coded .)

Code as SHAV2.

AVOIKWIK Why do you avoid using KwikSave? (Open question.)

SHAV6, SHAV6A Why do you avoid KwikSave?(Coded.)

Code as SHAV2.

AVARALDI Why do you avoid using Aldi? (Openquestion.)

SHAV7, SHAV7A Why do you avoid Aldi?(Coded.)

Code as SHAV2.

AVOICORN Why do you avoid the Corner shop?(Open question.)

SHAV8, SHAV8A Why do you avoid the cornershop? (Coded.)

Code as SHAV2.

AVOICOOP Why do you avoid the Co-op? (Open question.)

SHAV9, SHAV9A Why do you avoid the Coop? (Coded.)

Code as SHAV2.

AVOIMARK Why do you avoid the rnarket place? (Open question.)

SHAV10, SHAV1OA Why do you avoid using the market place? (Coded.)

Code as SHAV2.

INTERVI1 Interviewer comments and observations. (Open question, not coded).

INTERVI2 Interviewer comments and observations. (Open question, not coded).

COMPUTED VARIABLES

AGEGRP Age group

1 55 - 642 65 - 743 75+

TIMEINT The tame taken to complete the first interview (Endtime - Recordti)

DIARY Did respondent complete a diary?

0 No1 Yes

FOLLOW Did respondents complete a follow up interview?

0 No1 Yes

WHICH

1 Main interview only2 Main interview and diary4 + Follow

AGEG Age group

1 55 - 592 60 - 643 65 - 694 70 - 745 75 - 796 80 - 847 85 - 898 90 - 94

9 95+

WVARUrban: Aged 75+ 1.709Rural: Aged 55-64 1.36 75+ 0.937

DATEMAIN Date of main interviewDate-Month-Year (eg 17-MAR-95)

DATEFOLL Date of follow up interviewDate-Month-Year (eg 17-MAR-95)

Documents

doc.ukdataservice.ac.ukdoc.ukdataservice.ac.uk/doc/3831/mrdoc/word/codebook.doc · Web viewTHE NOTTINGHAM STUDY OF FOOD CHOICE IN LATER LIFE 1994-1996. CODEBOOK. Dr Kevin Morgan