Human Impact (two points each)

1. A neurotoxin found in some grades of coal; Buildup of this has occurred in many species of fish

2. The use of biological agents, such as bacteria or plants, to remove or neutralize contaminants in the environment.

3. A gas found in the upper atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet light.

4. A greenhouse gas produced by cows and certain bacteria. Not carbon dioxide.

5. Found in aerosols and refrigerants, this gas can destroy the ozone layer.6. Which of the following is a fossil fuel that releases the least amount of pollutants and carbon dioxide when used?

Uranium oil natural gas coal

7. This is a term that refers to all the resources (land, food, water, etc.) that a person uses and requires

8. A nuclear power plant along the Hudson River in NY state that Gov. Cuomo is trying to close

9. A nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania that leaked some radioactive waste into the environment back in the 1970s.

10. This radioactive atom produced and released by nuclear reactions concentrates in the thyroid

11. The rapid decline in elephant populations is largely attributed to the harvesting and illicit trade of this item

12. A greenhouse gas produced as a by-product of cell respiration

13. This hydroelectric plant provides most of the electricity for Las Vegas

14. A toxin that recently leached out of the old pipes in Detroit

15. An invasive species; its caterpillar destroys ash trees.

Human Impact

1. __________________

2. __________________

3. __________________

4. __________________

5. __________________

6. __________________

7. __________________

8. __________________

9. __________________

10. __________________

11. __________________

12. __________________

13. __________________

14. __________________

15. __________________

Human Impact

1. mercury

2. bioremediation

3. ozone

4. methane

5. CFCs

6. Natural gas

7. footprint

8. Indian River

9. Three Mile Island

10.Iodine

11.Ivory

12.Carbon dioxide

13.Boulder Dam

14.Lead

15.Emerald Ash Borer

Forests (Two points each)

Use the KEY provided for numbers #1-15. Answer in UPPER CASE.

1. This evergreen tree is an indicator plant in the “Pine Barrens”, forests in the Northern coastal planes.

2. The most recent advance of the North American ice sheet is called this; its maximum ice extent occurred about 21,000 years ago

3. The term used to describe an old growth forest, one that has never been cut or affected by human activity

4. Type of tree that grows in the swamps where the tropical sea meets the land

5. This type of moss is present in Boreal Bogs6. You will also find this insectivorous plant in Boreal Bogs7. In Northern swamp forests this broad-leafed plant has warm

leaves that can poke through the snow and is the earliest plant to bloom

8. The type of soil that is sandy, dry and nutritionally poor9. The point on a mountain above which trees do not grow10. This refers to the vertical layers within a forest11. The top layer of a forest12. A complex polymer produced by vascular plants that has an

irregular structure and is slow to decompose13. The most important influence on the distribution of plants

and animals; include temperature, amount of precipitation, and seasonal changes in each

14. The largest huffed animal in the world. Lives in the forest15. The border between two habitats, such as between a forest

habitat and a field

A. anatone

B. canopy

C. cellulose

D. climate

E. ecotone

F. hydric

G. Jurassic

H. laurel

I. lichen

J. lignin

K. loam

L. mangrove

M .mesic

N. minnesota

O. palm

P. pitch pine

Q. ponderosa pine

R. second growth forest

S. skunk cabbage

T. sphagnum

U. sundew

V. top

W. transition zone

X. virgin

Y. weather

Z. wisconsin

AA. xeric

Forests

1. __________________

2. __________________

3. __________________

4. __________________

5. __________________

6. __________________

7. __________________

8. __________________

9. __________________

10. __________________

11. __________________

12. __________________

13. __________________

14. __________________

15. __________________

Forests1. Pitch Pine

2. Wisconsin

3. Virgin

4. mangrove

5. Sphagnum

6. Sundew

7. Skunk Cabbage

8. Xeric

9. treeline

10.stratification

11.Canopy

12.Lignin

13.climate

14.moose

15.ecotone

The Tundra (two points each)

1. The indicator animal species in the arctic tundra2. A moss-algae mutualistic association abundant in the tundra3. This elevated human-made structure goes from Barrow to Valdez4. What does the word tunturia (from the Finnish) mean?5. In terms of precipitation amounts, which biome is the tundra closest to?6. The arctic tundra is between which two biomes?7. The permanently frozen soil below 0.5-1m in the tundra8. The designation for the tundra on or near the top of the highest

mountains.9. The layer of skin, fur and blood vessels that nourish developing antlers.10. The worst oil spill in the Arctic occurred when this ship struck

bottom in 1989 11. Give three adaptations of animals that live in the tundra.

Give your answer on the answer sheet.

12. Why is there more tundra in the Northern hemisphere as compared to the Southern hemisphere?Give your answer on the answer sheet.

The tundra

1. __________________

2. __________________

3. __________________

4. __________________

5. __________________

6. __________________

__________________

7. __________________

8. __________________

9. __________________

10. __________________

11. __________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

12. ___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

The tundra1. caribou

2. lichen

3. Alaskan pipeline

4. Treeless plane

5. desert

6. ice cap

taiga

7. permafrost

8. alpine

9. velvet

10. Exxon Valdez

11.__________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Nutrients, Decomposition and Productivity(two points each)

1. Give the names of the three macronutrients required for plant growth, found in abundance in fertilizers.

2. Give the three steps (in proper order) in decomposition

3. Excrement deposited by nesting birds and bats

4. The finally ground organic matter in soil

5. An animal that eats only plants

6. The process that converts nitrogen gas to ammonia

7. What is the name of the longest-running ecological study of a forest, one found in New Hampshire?

8. Explain what was done in #7 (6 points)

Nutrients, Decomposition and Productivity

1. __________________

__________________

__________________

2. __________________

__________________

__________________

3. __________________

4. __________________

5. __________________

6. __________________

7. __________________

8.

Nutrients, Decomposition and Productivity

1. nitrogen

phosphorous

potassium

2. leaching

fragmentation

chemical alteration

3. guano

4. humus

5. herbivore

6. nitrogen fixation

7. Hubbard Brook

8. __________________

Food Web (15 points)

Use the following information to draw a food web. Write the letter and name of the organism when drawing your food web.

Organism A is a decomposer, lives in and below the leaf litter, and obtains nutrients from all plants in the forest.

Organism B is a Holly tree Its berries are eaten by Organism C, a robin. The robin is eaten by organism J, a red-tailed hawk, the top predator.

Organism D is and oak tree. Its acorns are eaten by squirrels, organism E. Organism E is also eaten by organism J.

Organism F is an insect whose larvae develop in oak leaves and form a gall. Organism G is a mouse that eats the insect.

Organism G also eats seeds from organism H, a birch tree.

Organism I is a snake. It eats the mouse and robins eggs. It is eaten by the red-tailed hawk.

The Russian scientist Georgyi Gause studied the interactions between three paramecium species. The paramecium fed on bacteria and yeast that were added to the culture. The three paramecium species were grown separately, and then in combination with each other. Gauss added paramecium, bacteria and yeast to the culture media; he also added oatmeal medium as a food source for the bacteria and yeast.

Size of the paramecium and density were used to calculate population volume, which was then graphed, as shown below. Use the following graphs to answer the question on your answer sheet.

Paramecium

1. One graph is missing. Explain what the missing graph would show.

2. What type of interaction is being studied? ____________

3. What does the arrow in figure 1 represent? ____________

4. Explain your answer to #3.

5. When grown separately, which growth pattern did all three paramecium species follow?

____________

6. What was the purpose of the oatmeal?

7. What basic ecological principle is ____________Being studied here?

8. What would be the ultimate fate of ____________P. caudatum if the experiment continued?

Draw your food Web on this page.