Abstract—As a single feed, smooth and smart, completely new shaped, dual band Microstrip patch antenna has been proposed in this paper. So the 3 triangular shape slots are usually presented in the 3 edges on the patch and along with a small feed line has utilized another edge of the patch to obtain the dual band. The antenna carries a condensed framework wherever patch is around about 8.5mm by means of 7.96mm by means of 1.905mm leading to very excellent bandwidths covering 13. 15 GHz to 13. 72 GHz in addition to 16.04 GHz to 16.58GHz. The return loss(RL) decrease in -19. 00dB and will be attained in the first resonant frequency at 13. 61 GHz and -28.69dB is at second resonance frequency at 16.33GHz. The steady average peak gain may be observed along the operating band in lower and higher frequency is actually 3. 53dB in addition to 5.562dB correspondingly. The radiation designs usually are omni directional along with moderate gain within equally most of these functioning bands. However, suitable results have been obtained dual frequencies at 13.62GHz as the downlink in addition to 16.33GHz as uplink. This kind of low and simple configuration of the proposed antenna shows simplest fabrication and make it ensure that it is adaptable for our applications within satellite as well as for the wireless communication system.

Keywords—Dual band, Microstrip patch antenna, Triangular Slots ,EBG, HFSS, Ku band, satellite.

I. INTRODUCTION

ODAY in radar as well as space satellite communication programs, Microstrip patch antennas get fantastic require

because of their lower user profile, mechanically effective, suitable along with the design of MMIC, somewhat small as well as moderate as well as dual frequency operation. There are simple as well as low-cost to be able to create and will always be conformable in planar as well as non-planar planes. Yet, regrettably they have got many disadvantages as well as including somewhat lower performance as well as lower electric power, spurious feed radiation, low rate of frequency bandwidth as well as high cross polarization radiation [1], [2]. To get over these kinds of disadvantages as well as demerits, scientists are proposed as well as researched quite a few strategies including slotted patch antennas, Microstrip patch antennas on electrically heavy substrate, probe feed stack antenna along with the makes use of different feeding as well as impedance matching strategies, and also the uses of various resonators [3]-[11]. At present, larger bandwidth is usually essential for the communication system. Usually each antenna operate for a single rate of frequency, thus different antennas that are necessary for different applications causes a limited space as well as place dilemma. Scientists imagine that multiband band antennas offer solutions to reduce this matter

T

wherever a single multiband antenna may perform for different programs. By applying fractal form technique straight into antenna geometrics, multiband antenna could be constructed [12], [13]. Besides, by using multilayer stacked patch [14] as well as single layer Microstrip antenna [15] has been settled to be able to very little consideration with regard to obtaining double band .The dual frequency can be achieved by cutting a square slot in the middle of a rectangular patch antenna [16]. So the dual frequency with tunable frequency may always be achieved by simply loading some narrow slots parallel as well as near to the radiating edges of the bow tie patch [17]. The satellite spacecraft’s antenna [18] which is double rate of frequency, slotted, circularly polarized square patch to be able to perform because telemetry, telecom and as well as control (TT&C). Pre Fractal as well as two short circuits in patch utilized to obtain double band circular polarization antenna [19].However [20],they proposed a rectangular type of antenna and having complex cutting slot dual band Microstrip antenna system for the purposes of Ku band but such gain is not very good. Besides multilayer stacked patch along with numerous resonator antennas [21]-[25] are utilized intended for obtaining dual frequency but yet these kind of structures have some disadvantages like incredibly sophisticated, substantial, high-priced, thick substrate and complicated for manufacturing. However, making use of single feed antennas could diminish problem along with high price of the following receiver front end. For the increase using broadband communication method to make available high capability along with omnipresent communications, some sort of desire low user profile along with light antenna which has a small foot print may be essential exactly where antennas are generally installed upon land moving vehicle’s along with aircrafts. Advances in cellular communications have presented remarkable needs in the antenna system. It is equally provide the way intended for broad use of mobile phones in present society, resulting its concerning harmful radiation [26], [27].Antenna system intended for the communication of satellite is steadily additional useful in professional market intended for mobile satellite terminals. The Ku band is regarded as in this study intended for the applications of automotive tracking along with the chances of compact small antenna [28]. So here the main target is to get smaller the antenna size along with suitable gain while to further improve the B.W. In this study, a microstrip triangular slotted radiating patch has been proposed in which achieves two band gain when compared with other

Engr Shahid M. Ali

The Design of High Gain Innovative Microstrip Patch Antenna System for the Satellite Purposes

operating rate of frequencies intended for planes, area build along with satellite structured communication systems..

II. THE BASIC DESIGN OF AN ANTENNA SYSTEM

The design of the proposed antenna is achieved by using the following equations [29].

w=c

2 fo √ ε ᵣ+12

L= c2 fo √ε ₑ

−2∆∨l

wherever L is usually the length of this area, N would be the size in the area, fo is usually concentrate on resonance frequency, c would be the speed of light plus the most effective dielectric constant can be computed by the equation:

ε ₑ= ε ᵣ+12

+ε ᵣ+1

2 √1+ 10hW

In which "h" could be the width in the substrate along with εr could be the dielectric constant in the substrate. Due to fringing filed about the periphery in the patch, electrically the antenna appears bigger than its actual size. Δl requires this influence throughout consideration which enable it to possibly be indicated since:

∆ l=0.412h(ε ᵣ+0.3)(W

h+0.264)

¿¿

Because the antenna is usually fed while using probe feed, the size of the actual probe feed is calculated. However, the input impedance of an antenna system must be matched to the probe feed line by simply picking out the best position for the feeding point. In order to consider the design requirements like bandwidth in addition to dielectric constant, the actual antenna is usually designed to work within double frequency at Ku-band in addition to for that reason optimized to search for the majority of much better size on the plot through 3D antenna simulator HFSS.

(a)

(b)

Fig. 1 Configuration of the proposed patch antenna (a) Side view (b) Top View

The geometry of the suggested patch slotted antenna is found in Fig. 1.The substrate used was RT/Duroid 6010 whose relative permittivity and loss tangent is 10.2 and 0.0023 respectively. So a 50 ohm probes feed such of Microstrip line, imprinted within the left part of the radiating patched having dimensions involving Wf and Lf. The antenna size is around 11. 50 mm by means of 7. 96mm by means of 1. 905mm yet radiating dimension is 8. 5mm x 7. 96mm X1. 905mm. The area along with the position of the slots has the effect of varying resonance regularity. Every single triangular slot has a pair of arms equivalent along with next arm’s size is twice compared to others. Due to the existence of the triangular slots on the radiating patch, the effective path of the current around the patch would be increased while the size of the ptach will be reduced. To have very good impedance matching along with symmetrical excitement, suggested formed antennas feeding is picked towards the centered with the midpoint involving y simply axis time the particular antenna. The equilateral slots are used to achieve dual band performances having ample -10dB impedance bandwidth. So in Table I, each of the inclusive variables of the suggested form antenna are as below.

TABLE IPARAMETERS OF THE PROPOSED ANTENNA (UNITS: MM)

Parameters Value(mm) DescriptionL 8.5 Length of the patchw 7.96 Width of the PatchLg 4.5 Length of the Ground PlaceWg 7.96 Width of the Ground PlaneLf 3 Length of the Mirostrip feed lineWf 2 Width of the Microstrip feed lineS1 1.98 Patches different side length after using slotS2 3 Patches different side length after using slotS3 1.5 Patches different side length after using slotS4 2.98 Patches different side length after using slotT1 2.82 Triangular side lengthT2 4.0 Triangular another side lengthh 1.905 Substrate thickness

Fig. 2 Geometry of (a) Without slot antenna (b) one equilateral triangular slot antenna (c) Two equilateral triangular slot antenna (d)

Proposed shape antenna

So as to look at the results with the triangular slot in radiating patch, we simulated a number of archetypes. The 1st one is without any slot is referred to as with no slotted antenna which is revealed in Fig 2(a). The 2nd one along with left triangular slot in Fig. 2(b), next an example may be left and second triangular slot in Fig, 2(c) and lastly our own planned design along with a few three triangular slots is usually revealed in Fig. 2(d).

Fig. 3 Simulated S11 of the four types of antenna

So Figs. 3 and 4 illustrates, the fact that the involving slots has an effect on the actual reflection of coefficient S11 and gain of the various shapes involving antenna. By Fig. 3, we are able to observe that the conventional rectangular antenna consists of no slot illustrates the broadband layout while using bandwidth involving 336MHz and 408MHz at centre frequency 12.96GHz and 16. 46MHz respectively. By Fig. 4,the average maximum gain with these band is about . 292dB and 4.89dB. Whenever cutting the equilateral triangular slot on the eventually left side, the second antenna type of antenna excites it's gain in both band however bandwidth within high band. So the band width is 276MHz, average maximum gain.

652dB and 504MHz, average maximum gain 5. 61dB. The type of Antenna 3 is shaped by means of cutting 2 triangular slots with left and top side of the patch. Which often has dual band however the band width and gain tend to be 360MHz, 1. 90dB and 528MHz, and 5. 19dB respectively. Altering the actual ideals S1, S2, S3, S4, Wf and Lf antenna 4 has achieved, that reveals the actual S11 and gain better than -10dB within the bandwidths of the two functioning bands involving 576MHz and 540MHz. Those two bands tend to be functions with Ku band applications. Hence, the lower functions for sender antenna and higher band for receiver antenna. So Table II explains the actual comprehensive measurement along with efficiency of the all four antennas.

Fig. 4 Simulated Gain of four types of antenna

Fig. 5 S11 with different feed position

The Fig. 5 reveals the particular simulated S11 with different feed positions. Among all 4, suggested position is the best among when compared to the reflection of coefficient.

TABLE IISLOT AND PERFORMANCES OF THE FOUR ANTENNAS

Serial.No Antenna Type fc1GHz) Bw1 Average gain1(db)

a Without triangle slot 12.696 0.336 0.292b One triangle slot 12.756 0.276 0.652c Two Triangle slot 12.984 0.360 1.790d Proposed shape 13.620 0.576 3.363

Serial.No Antenna Type fc2(GHz) Bw2(GHz) Average gain2(db)

a Without triangle slot 16.464 0.408 4.899b One triangle slot 16.308 0.504 5.611c Two triangle slot 16.536 0.528 5.195d Proposed shape 16.332 0.540 6.084

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

However, the different qualities from the suggested design antenna will be perused and also optimized simply by 3D computer based software HFSS. The actual expression coefficient answers are revealed in Fig. 6. So the low operating frequency regularity will be 576MHz coming from 13. 152GHz in order to 13. 728 GHz and also high an example may be 540MHz coming from 16. 044GHz in order to 16.584GHz in which returning decline will be reached a lot less than -10dB. The actual resonance regularity with this place will be 13. 62GHz and also in which optimum return loss (RL) is -19. 00dB. Seeing that revealed in Fig. 7, the common optimum gain from the suggested antenna for lower band is actually 3. 53dB and also for high band will be 5. 56dB. It really is designated in the returning loss and also gain curve the suggested design antenna is completely competent at sending and also acquiring in desired Ku band connected with 13.62 and also of 16.33GHz, respectively having a optimum gain qualities than some others [30]-[34]. Fig. 8 (a) and also (b) shows the radiation pattern of the proposed antenna in E and H-planes. The actual co–polarization will be symmetric and also omni directional. However, the broad beam width observe in the primary order connected with co-polarization (E-plane).

Fig. 6 Return loss of the proposed shape

Fig. 7 Peak Gain of the proposed shaped

(a) E-Plane

(b) H-Plane

Fig. 8 Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna at 13.62 GHz

(a) E-Plane

(b) H-Plane

Fig. 9 Radiation pattern of the proposed Antenna at 16.33 GHz

Fig. 10 shows the current distribution at resonant frequencies of 13.62GHz and 16.33GHz. This direction associated with existing can be pointed out through arrow indicator. It is observed t from the existing distribution that the current clearly flows at the edge of the triangular slot, especially close to the giving probes of the patch. Thus, it would say that the slots increase an antenna overall performance.

Fig. 10 Current distribution of the radiating patch at a) 13.62 GHz b) 16.33GHz

IV. CONCLUSION

A dual band three slots Microstrip patch antenna is presented here in this research. It shown that the proposed new designed antenna can certainly run in Ku band. A Bandwidth enhancement and size reduction is achieved by imposing triangular slots in the patch. Considering that the radiation pattern is actually omni directional, so it is suited to satellite which in turn involve quick transmit and receive features on broadly separated antennas.

V. Proposed Future WorkAs the propagation of Surface wave is a severe issue in the antenna of Microstrip patching system. However, the Surface waves decreases its gain, bandwidth and increase cross-polarization levels ,end fire radiation, and limit the applicable frequency range of Microstrip antennas. Hence the proposed Electromagnetic Band Gap may improve considerably the performance of Micro Strip Patch antenna system, such as increasing the antenna return loss and bandwidth, the back, gain etc.

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