DOCUMENT

ON

ADV ANT AGES OFFERED BY ORISSA FOR

BIOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS

SUBMITTED TO

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

GOVERNMENT OF ORISSABHUBANESWAR

PREPARED BY

BIOTECH CONSORTIUM INDIA LIMITEDNEW DELHI

SEPTEMBER 2005

CONTENTS

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Executive summary

1. Introduction 1

2. Methodology 6

3. 9

3.1

3.2

910

Major constraints in the development of biotechindustry and favourable factors for accelerated

developmentConstraintsFactors favoring accelerated development

4.

4.1

4.2

4.3

13

13

14

15

Concept of biotechnology parksFunctions

ManagementFunding

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

16

161616

1821

2123242428

Key resources

Geographical featuresAgro-climatic conditionsRich biodiversityVariety of crops

WastelandsAquatic resourcesTransport and communication

Industrial infrastructureEducation and scientific infrastructureHuman resources

6.

6.

6.

6.

6.

6.

6.

31

3138

4344

4551

Potential biotech industry for the state

AgricultureHealthcareProcess industries

AquacultureMarine biotechnologyEnvironment biotechnology

537. State Government's biotech policy and support

8. Locations 55

9.

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4

57

57

57

58

61

Management structure proposed for biotech parks

International technology parksManagement models

Indian experienceProposed model for Orissa biotech parks

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123456

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10. Financial support from Government of India 62

11. Conclusions and recommendations 66

Annexes

Questionnaires for research institutes/universities, industriesand government departments

2 Resource persons met for Orissa biotech park

*****

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Commercial applications in biotechnology are growing rapidly allover the

world in the fields of human and animal health care, agriculture, environment

management and process industries. India has been active in research and

development in biotechnology for the last 15 years and Indian industry has made a

foray in modern biotechnology with the production of diagnostics and therapeutics,

based on recombinant DNA, and introduction of transgenic plants.

The commercial success and profitable operation of biotech companies have

enhanced the interest in biotechnology as a means of economic progress. In this

context, several state governments have taken initiatives for providing infrastructure

facilities and incentives for accelerated commercial development of biotechnology.

One such initiative has been setting up of biotechnology parks.

The Orissa Government is keenly interested in supporting growth of

biotechnology industry in the state by attracting investment in biotech incubation and

industrial manufacture into the state. As the first step, the government would like to

identify and project the advantages the state offers for the sector. In this context,

Biotech Consortium India Ltd (BCIL) was approached by the state government

through the Science & Technology Department to prepare a document identifying the

advantages of Orissa state as a destination for setting up biotechnology industries

for presentation to potential entrepreneurs within and outside the State. Based on

the interest shown by the entrepreneurs and their feedback on specific requirements

of facilities expected by them for technology incubation, the structure and

components of one or more biotech parks that may be established can be defined.

The study was conducted by an in-house team of BCIL. Basic information on

resources of the state was collected by desk research, which covered the

geographical features, biodiversity and agriculture, status of higher education and

research in biotechnology in universities, research institutions and industry, the

areas of specialisation in these centres and the status of industrial development in

the state. BCIL also interacted with senior officers of the government departments

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and industrial development agencies. Detailed individual discussions were also held

with and senior faculty members of biotechnology departments in universities,

Directors and senior scientists of research institutes engaged in biotechnology

research and industries dealing in related areas such as pharmaceuticals and

agriculture,

Based on the inputs from the above discussions, BCIL team could tentatively

identify the following thrust areas in biotechnology for development in Orissa.

1 Agriculture

Biopesticides

Biofertilisers

2. Aquaculture and marine

biotechnologySelective breeding and

controlled culture of fish and

Tissue culture

Organic farming

Genetically modified crops

prawns

Bioactive compounds from

marine organisms

Feed, diagnostics &

therapeutics

4. Process industries

Enzymes

3. Healthcare

Diagnostics

-Clinical trials

Contract research and

manufacturing

Medicinal plant extraction

5. Environmental biotechnology

Phytoremediation

Biomineral processing

Biofuels

The advantages offered by the state for the development and application of

processes and products in the above thrust areas are as follows:

1 The state has a very strong agricultural base, with ten distinct agro

climatic zones which allow cultivation of a variety of agricultural and

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horticultural crops, floriculture, food grains and pulses, oilseeds, spices

and medicinal plants. Productivity can be enhanced and considerable

value addition achieved through biotechnology inputs such as

biofertilisers and biopesticides, tissue culture, organic farming and

introduction of transgenic plants.

2. The state has a large area of water bodies, including freshwater,

brackish water and seawater. A 480 km long coastline with a continental

shelf area of 24,000 sq. km., the largest brackish water lake of Asia,

namely Chilika lake and the second largest mangrove in India namely

Bhitarkanika covering nearly 200 sq. km are sources of rich marine

biodiversity such as algae, seaweeds, sponges, turtles, horseshoe crabs,

shell fishes, prawn, shrimp and marine fishes. These resources are at

present underutilised. Biotechnology based improvements can increase

the stock, quality and exportability as well as productivity of a variety of

species for aquaculture, such as freshwater prawns, tiger prawns, crabs

and oysters. The State is also home to famous olive ridley turtles and

crabs similar to L;mulus polyphenues of USA used for testing of bacterial

entotoxin. High value bioactive compounds can be produced by culture

of marine algae. Pearl culture is another activity that can be taken up.

3 There are prestigious agricultural universities in the state, which are

either already engaged in research work related to the above fields or

have capabilities by way of scientific manpower in the faculty as well as

the necessary equipment to develop the products and procedures

required for the above biotechnology interventions. These include the

Behrampur University, Behrampur; Orissa University of Agriculture &

Technology, Bhubaneswar; Sambalpur University, Sambalpur; Regional

Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar; Central Rice Research Institute,

Cut tack; Utkal University, Bhubaneswar and Central Institute for Fresh

Water Aquaculture; Bhubaneswar. Well-established technologies and

processes for these products can also be obtained at a reasonable cost

from industries outside the state, which have been successfully

practicing them for a number of years.

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4. A few industries engaged in pharmaceutical production outside the state

such as USV Limited and East India Pharmaceuticals have shown

interest in setting up units in the areas of biopharmaceuticals and

nutraceuticals if adequate support is available from the government as

well as research faculties of the institutes in the state. A satisfactory

mechanism for harnessing support from the research institutes, could

also attract entrepreneurs from other states to try their hands at biotech

based healthcare products

5 There are a number of processes utilised by the industry, in areas such

as jute processing, leather processing, paper and pulp, textiles, and food

processing, which require a variety of enzymes. Orissa is abundant in

raw materials for cost effective production of enzymes. There are no

sophisticated enzyme manufacturing units in the state and the demand

can be met by setting up a few units for them. Technologies for

production of such enzymes are available in national laboratories such

as Jadavpur University, University of Calcutta, Indian Institute of

Technology, all in West Bengal and the Central Leather Research

Institute, Chennai and the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune.

6 A number of technologies, relevant to the state, such as

micropropagation for horticulture plants, medicinal plants and spices are

available from other sources in the country 1 which have potential for

large-scale application in the state. The industries and entrepreneurs

who have these technologies would be interested to come to the state

and set up facilities locally to cater to the growing large demand in the

state.

7 Utkal University, Sambalpur University and Orissa University of

Agricultural Technology and many research institutes in the state have

postgraduate programme and doctoral programmes in life sciences,

which will ensure availability of the top calibre manpower required for

promoting and sustaining biotechnology industry. The state also has a

high degree of development in information technology, which will

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complement the life sciences expertise for setting up bioinformatics

facilities. These centres of higher learning can also provide guidance

through the expert faculty in life sciences and biotechnology to units

availing themselves of the facilities in the technology incubators in future

biotechnology parks. The academia and the scientific faculty might also

consider becoming entrepreneurs and can support the growth of

biotechnology industry, which is highly knowledge-based, provided the

necessary policy support and fund support for developing innovations,

particularly based on their own inventions are made available.

8 Orissa has a rich biodiversity of medicinal plants with approximately 130

species of commercially relevant herbal plants of medicinal, aromatic

and cosmetic value. The State Medicinal Plant Board (SMPB) is

promoting large-scale cultivation of many commercially important

medicinal plants native to the State and has brought approximately 800

acres of land under cultivation. Herbal formulations with biocidal

properties against pests, therapeutics for fishes and humans and for

mosquitocidal properties are being developed in various research

institutes in Orissa.

9. The state offers immense opportunity for conducting clinical trials due to

diverse genetic make up of its population and the prevalence of a

number of diseases and conditions like malaria, filariasis, tuberculosis

and cancer. The invaluable data on disease incidence, prevalence and

management have been generated over years of experience. RMRC has

been involved in conducting clinical trials for drugs against

communicable and non-communicable diseases such as filariasis

malaria, helminthic infections, cholera and haemoglobinopathy.

10. Orissa being rich in minerals has attracted a number of mining and

processing industries to the state. The existing metallurgical processes

are based on chemical methods. These processes are unable to extract

the metals from low-grade ores cost effectively because of their low

metal content and are generally discarded in waste heaps, leading to

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environmental pollution. Bio-mineral process technology uses specific

types of microorganism for different steps, which can extract these

metals cost effectively and in eco-friendly fashion from low-grade ores,

concentrates and wastes. Bio-mineral processing encompasses different

component namely bio- leaching, bio-beneficiation, bioremediation, strain

improvement and process engineering. Regional Research Laboratory

(RRL), Bhubaneswar and Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, have

developed and commercialized a number of technologies in this area.

11 Orissa state has a very well-developed infrastructure. It is serviced by

two major ports, one airport and a wide network of roads and

communication. The state is surplus in power. It has been successful in

promoting and managing two agri export zones and growth centres. The

managerial experience, and the quality-control expertise gained from

these activities will stand the State in good stead for promoting

biotechnology parks and industrial clusters.

12 The strategic location of the state with West Bengal, Jharkhand, Madhya

Pradesh and Chhattisgarh close to it offers great potential for

development of markets for biotech products manufactured in the state.

Technologies and practices perfected in the State could have a spinoff

effect in the neighbouring areas including the northeastern states, which

have been adopted by the Government of India for special intensive

development. Therefore, industries and entrepreneurs entering into

biotechnology activity in Orissa can look forward to a promising market

for the products as well as for their technologies or expert services.

13. The state offers an excellent social, cultural and civic infrastructure which

will help in attracting a high level of scientific and intellectual talent

particularly in cities such as Bhubaneswar identified for setting up

Biotech Parks.

14. Even though the state is not very well-developed in biotechnology based

industries, it has a very long and established tradition of industrial

culture, particularly in mining, paper and pulp and the agro industries

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Future biotech industries can benefit from the managerial talent and the

corporate culture, nurtured by these industries.

15 The state has announced a draft biotechnology policy providing several

incentives for new biotech industries and other activities. This coupled

with the incentives announced for the biotechnology sector in the Union

Budget 2005 makes this biotechnology initiative of the Orissa

government, timely and appropriate.

16 The State Government has identified two locations for setting up Biotech

parks, one for general biotech park at Patrapada in Bhubaneswar and

the other for marine biotech park at Chandrabhaga near Konark.

As biotechnology industry is still in a state of infancy in the state, its

development will have a considerable component of technology incubation,

particularly because of the high level of intellectual talent available in the universities

and the centres of research in the state. It would therefore be very appropriate for

the state government to encourage setting up of infrastructure facilities for research

and development in commercially important areas of biotechnology, technology

validation, pilot plants for technology scale up and demonstration etc. Based on the

experience of technology parks allover the world, especially those with a strong

biotechnology focus, some of the state governments in India have taken steps to set

up biotechnology parks to facilitate accelerated development of commercial

biotechnology. These include Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Ut tar Pradesh,

Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Punjab.

As commercial biotechnology has a long gestation period, units in a

biotechnology park would take a few years before becoming self-sustaining and

profitable. Therefore, it will not be realistic to expect that private enterprise can take

up on their own the task of setting up a biotech parks. In all the above States, the

initiative and investment has been by the state government to start with, and some of

them had been successful in identifying a progressive joint-venture partner to

manage the park at a later stage. For example, the biotechnology park in Andhra

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Pradesh, which was initiated by the government of Andhra Pradesh, became a joint-

venture with the induction of Shapoorji Pallonji, a reputed construction firm.

Similarly, the initial phase of development of any biotechnology park in Orissa

should be spearheaded by a State Government agency and efforts made to identify

suitable private partner for further development and management of the park.

As the park attracts a large enough number of clients to form a growing and

self-sustaining cluster, the government could attract private participation for funding,

as well as management.

To be successful, the park should have close linkages with one or more

universities or research institutions. This would provide the essential intellectual

inputs and consultancy support from the faculty. It would also encourage scientists

with entrepreneurial leanings to make use of the facilities in the park at affordable

costs to try out any innovative ideas they might have.

Generally, the biotechnology park will have three components, namely, a

biotechnology incubator, common instrumentation and service facilities and pilot

scale facilities for small and medium production enterprises. The incubators will

consist of fully equipped modular laboratories for validation and scale up of a

processes, which could be rented out to entrepreneurs or companies. The

instrumentation facility will again provide specialised instruments and equipment

required for testing, analysis and standardisation of products in the area identified for

development in the park. The service facilities would include communication,

recreation, consultancy, both technical as well as venture capital funding agencies,

and also an auditorium and seminar halls for periodic interaction from experts within

and from outside the park complex.

The park should also allocate some area for setting up commercial units as

early as possible, so as to enhance the revenue of the establishment, particularly

small and medium production units or units, promising a high value addition, such as

bioinformatics.

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The general basic infrastructure of the park such as land, buildings and

utilities will have to be provided by the state government. However, it would be

possible to source a certain portion of the funds required for setting up of the

specialised instrumentation and other equipment, particularly for the technology

incubators from the Government of India, through the DBT, DIT or the DST.

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1. INTRODUCTION

As a frontier area in modern science and technology, biotechnology has made

rapid strides as a knowledge-based industry during the last two decades and has

made significant contributions to the economy in the fields of agriculture, human and

animal health care, environment management and processing industries. The last

century witnessed remarkable developments based on physical sciences in the fields

such as atomic energy, information technology and polymers and the present

century is expected to witness far more significant advances in life sciences. A

parallel is often drawn on the future developments of biotechnology, which manifests

the practical applications of life sciences, to the advances in information technology

as a manifestation of physical sciences in recent years. However, the growth of

biotechnology has so far been much slower than that of information technology, as

biotechnology requires collaboration and coordination of biological sciences with

other disciplines such as chemical and process engineering. Development of new

biotech products and processes involve long gestation periods and calls for large

investments, particularly because of the stringent regulatory procedures involved in

release of the products in the market.

The growth of the biotechnology industry was most prominent in the

developed world, with the USA and countries in the European Union taking the lead.

Realising the potential and importance of biotechnology, India had also initiated

steps, almost at the same time as the developed countries, to promote biotechnology

industry, with the Government of India setting up a Department of Biotechnology

(DBT) in 1986, to plan, guide, oversee and promote biotechnology development in

the country .DBT has sponsored nearly two thousand research projects since then

in Indian universities and research institutions, initiated collaborative research with

reputed centres in developed countries and assisted in developing higher education

in biotechnology in the existing institutions through post graduate and doctoral

programs. It has also set up on its own institutions, such as the National Institute of

Immuninology and the National Brain Research Centre, for developing biotechnology

in specialised areas. Support has also been extended for development of

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appropriate infrastructure for accelerated development of biotechnology, such as

germ plasm banks, depositories for microbial strains, facilitation of intellectual

property protection, biotechnology incubators and biotechnology parks.

Apart from the efforts of the central government in promoting biotechnology, a

few modern biotech industries have been set up through private enterprise, such as

Biocon, Bharat Biotech International and Shantha Biotechnics, which produce

advanced biotechnology products such as enzymes and vaccines catering to the

health care and the processing industries sectors, using state-of-the-art techniques

involving recombinant DNA and fermentation,. A genetically modified (transgenic)

crop, namely, Bt cotton developed by Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company

(MAHYCO) was approved for commercial cultivation in India three years ago. The

modified plant incorporates a gene from a bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt),

resistant to the American bollworm, a major pest on cotton, reducing the requirement

of chemical pesticides in cotton cultivation. Bt cotton has been accepted by the

farmers and its use is growing steadily since its introduction. Many successful units

have also been in operation involving less complex biotechnology processes such as

immunodiagnostics, biofertilisers and biopesticides, and mass multiplication of elite

varieties of plants for forestry I horticulture and floriculture through micropropagation

or tissue culture .

The commercial success and profitable operation of these companies have

led to an increasing interest in biotechnology as a means of economic progress. In

this context, several State governments have taken initiatives aimed at providing

facilities for accelerated commercial development of biotechnology. One of the

means by which this was proposed to be achieved was by setting up biotechnology

parks, where facilities for technology incubation, technology demonstration, pilot

plant studies are provided at an affordable cost for validation and scale up of

technologies initially developed or acquired by intending entrepreneurs and

technocrats, providing them assistance for troubleshooting through expert

consultancy from scientific faculty in universities and research institutions and for

sourcing funds for further development through networking with venture capitalists

and other financial institutions. Developed land has also been offered for setting up

regular commercial units in some of the parks. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka,

2

Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and UP (in Lucknow as well as Greater NOIDA)

are some of the States which have taken steps to set up of biotechnology parks at

the instance of the State governments through their various development agencies.

Biotech Consortium India Ltd had assisted in the development of business plans for

some of these parks

The Government of Orissa is keen to give an impetus to the growth of

biotechnology industry in the State. They are also examining the feasibility of setting

up one or more biotechnology parks in the State as one of the means for rapid

development of biotechnology processes and products, taking advantage of the rich

natural resources and biodiversity in the State, expertise available in life sciences

and allied fields in universities as well as research institutions and other strategic

advantages. (The State Government has prepared a draft biotech policy to provide

optimal support for the growth of the sector in the form of fiscal incentives and

infrastructure development). In this context, Biotech Consortium India Ltd., (BCIL)

was approached to prepare a document identifying the advantages of Orissa state

as a destination for setting up biotechnology industries, as well as for product and

process development by setting up appropriate infrastructure facilities and utilizing

the expert scientific and industrial manpower in the State.

The viability and a successful operation of biotechnology parks would depend

upon the number of quality clients that could be attracted to use the facilities in the

park so as to form a synergistic biotech industries cluster and also to set up

independent, stand alone production units. The initial task of the government would

be to identify and project the favorable factors in the State for development of

biotechnology and for investment in the sector, which could be presented to potential

entrepreneurs within the State as well as from outside in an investors'/entrepreneurs'

meet. Based on the interest shown by the entrepreneurs, their background, the

specific requirements of facilities expected by them in the park, the structure and

optimal components of the park can be defined. This exercise would form the basis

for working out a comprehensive plan for setting up one or more biotechnology

parks

Biotech Consortium India Limited (BCIL) was set up by the Department of

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Biotechnology and the all India financial institutions to provide the linkages among

universities, research laboratories, industry, funding agencies and the central and

State governments for accelerated commercialization of biotechnology. Activities of

BCIL include technology transfer, consultancy, information dissemination, manpower

training and placement, and funds syndication related to biotechnology industries.

During the past five years, it has done considerable work in assisting State

governments in developing plans for setting up biotechnology parks. In this context,

it had also studied the structure and working of more than 10 technology parks

having an emphasis on biotechnology in the US, UK and Singapore.

Based on proposals submitted by Biotech Consortium India Limited, the

Government Of Orissa, through the Science and Technology Department, assigned

to BCIL the task of preparing documents to highlight the advantages of Orissa as a

destination for investment in biotechnology development and in setting up production

units.

As per the terms of reference of the assignment, the report will cover the

following

Availability of natural resources and the present status of their utilization

Identification of available, viable biotechnologies, which can be used to

sustainably exploit these resources.

Availability of specialized manpower to man the industries.

Availability of support facilities

universities and research institutions

and consultancy from faculties of.

Existing industries, including biotech industries and industrial

infrastructure, which can provide linkages and synergies for biotech

.

development

Government's approach towards biotech development..

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During subsequent discussions, it was decided that BCIL might also provide:

A draft biotech policy defining the State government's approach towards

biotech development and the incentives proposed to be provided.

. Tentative suggestions on identified site(s) for the park considering various

factors like availability of infrastructure, environmental impact and other

options.

. Preliminary suggestions for the structure of the park and the organisation

which will implement the project

. Details of grants and subsidies available from the government of India to

develop the industrial park

The report also touches upon the areas such as constraints in the growth

of biotechnology and factors that could minimize them.

*****

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2. METHODOLOGY

The study was conducted by an in-house team of BCIL. Basic information

on the natural resources of Orissa, such as geographical features, biodiversity,

climatic conditions, economic development, agriculture, status of higher

education in biotechnology in the universities, research institutions engaged in

work on biotechnology related subjects and their areas of specialization, status of

industrial development and industries likely to be interested to diversify into

biotechnology

The BCIL team benefited immensely from an interactive meetings

organised by the Secretary, Department of Science and Technology and the

Director, Biotechnology, Government of Orissa at Bhubaneswar.. In this meeting,

senior faculty from universities, scientists from research institutions,

representatives of industry and government departments connected with

biotechnology were invited. The participants presented briefly details of research,

higher education, areas of interest and prospects of biotechnology development

as envisaged by them. BCIL circulated a questionnaire seeking detailed

information on various aspects of biotechnology development in the state

Annex 1.

The questionnaire was sent also to other departments, industries and

organizations to collect information on their present activities related to

biotechnology, their potential interest in the Park and suggestions This was

followed by visits to the institutes by BCIL team for personal interactions

Subsequently, BCIL interacted with key functionaries in the government.

The team also had detailed individual discussions with senior faculty members of

biotechnology related departments in a few major universities, Directors and

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senior scientists of research institutions engaged in biotechnology research, and

a few industries dealing in areas such as pharmaceuticals.

Discussions with the government focused on the government's policy and

the thrust areas to be developed according to them. Policy support, and the

incentives that could be expected for biotechnology industry in the state was also

ascertained, The government was already promoting certain activities in the

such as tissue culture, which have a direct bearing on biotechnology

Interaction with the university faculties, and the research institutions

concentrated on the areas of research, the facilities available with departments

and the institutes, which can be shared with the proposed biotechnology Park,

both in the form of equipment and instruments and the expertise of the faculties

In meetings with industries, their potential interest in diversifying into

biotechnology or setting up new biotechnology units and their areas of priority

were discussed. Certain feedback was also obtained regarding the facilities

expected in the biotechnology Park and the incentives required for making

biotechnology attractive for the industry.

The list of government departments and promotional agencies,

universities, research institutions, industries and that industry associations are

given in Annex 2, along with the names and designations of the persons

interacted with

One of the common subjects discussed with all these parties was the

preferred location for setting up the biotechnology Park. The Government of

Orissa had originally indicated a location in Chandraka Industrial Estate in

Bhubaneswar two years ago, but at present, a location in Patrapada near the

medicinal plant farm located at a distance of about 10 km from Bhubaneswar

was indicated as the favored site.

7

It was also suggested that the suitability of setting up a marine

biotechnology park by taking over and modifying the aquaculture hatchery

presently under the Department of Fisheries at Chandrabhaga near Konark may

be examined as part of the study.

The BCIL team visited both the above sites along with the Director,

Biotechnology, Government of Orissa. BCIL team also accompanied a team of

industry experts to Chandrabhaga to elicit views on its suitability.

Based on the inputs from the above discussions, the BCIL team could

identify tentatively, the thrust areas to be given stress in setting up the

biotechnology Park, the support it can expect from the university faculties and

research institutions, the expectations of the industry regarding the facilities and

incentives to be made available. These have formed the basis for preparing the

document highlighting advantages of Orissa, as a destination for biotechnology

industry, as well as biotechnology research and development in the proposed

biotech park

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3. MAJOR CONSTRAINTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OFBIOTECH INDUSTRY AND FAVORABLE FACTORS

FOR ACCELERA TED DEVELOPMENT

3.1 CONSTRAINTS

In spite of the potential, the growth of biotechnology in the country has not

been as fast as one would have liked it, because of the following constraints.

1 Limited number of major centers of higher learning and research to

provide scientific and technical capabilities and expertise. Biotechnology

is an intensely knowledge-based industry, requiring collaboration among

different disciplines including life sciences, chemical and process

engineering and information technology.

2 Inadequate entrepreneurial skills for biotechnology management and

commercialization.

3 Low public investment in higher education, training and R & D in

universities and research institutes for the development of biotechnology

capabilities

of4. Reluctance

entrepreneurs,

and lack of

investment

5. Difficult access to proprietary technologies and intellectual property

which are concentrated in the private sector in industrialized nations.

6, A low level of public awareness on the benefits and possibilities of

biotechnology and reluctance to accept some of the products of modern

biotechnology because of the perception of risk associated with them,

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e.g., products based onusually based on 'the fear of the unknown',

genetically modified crops and other organisms

7 Difficulty in obtaining financial support for commercialization, particularly

early stage venture capital for innovative inventions, owing to the large

requirement of funds spread over a long period of gestation involved in

translating the inventions into profitable commercial projects.

8. Cumbersome regulatory procedures for pharmaceutical and food

industries, which vary from country to country , based on diverse

biosafety regulations which are time consuming and expensive to comply

with.

9. Scarcity of appropriately skilled manpower.

10. Inadequate information sources resulting in poor regional and global

interaction

11 Weakness in specialized areas such as IPR and biosafety resulting in

delays and inability to gear up to the rapid global advancements in the

12

technology.

Poor public-private interaction and partnership due to mismatch in

capabilities and expectations of the partners, lack of information about

technologies, technical capabilities, infrastructure availability in institutes

and mechanisms and incentives to promote such interactions.

FACTORS FAVORING ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT

The following factors can accelerate the development of biotechnology.

Government support

Strong support and involvement of the state government in defining priorities,

setting directions and funding of higher education and research, putting in

place IPR and regulatory frame work, creation of specialized infrastructure

such as technology incubators and technology parks, providing suitable fiscal

10

and other incentives and catalysing investments in the form of venture funds

and other means of finance for the industry .

3.2.2 Strong technology base

A strong research and development base is a sine qua non for biotechnology

development. As an interdisciplinary activity, this encompasses areas of life

sciences, chemical and process engineering and information technology. The

degree of strength in the individual branches would help in selecting directions

where these strengths could be optimally utilized.

Intellectual property rights

The State Government should facilitate setting up of effective mechanisms to

protect IPR through facilitation of patent applications etc., which would also be

useful in attracting multinationals in setting up biotech units in the State.

Skilled and specialized manpower

Setting up and running a biotechnology industry would require skills in

management, finance and science. A number of skilled people from India are

working in successful biotechnology companies in the developed countries.

They could be encouraged to relocate in India by offering a conducive

environment including good living conditions, working facilities, compensation

and incentives in the State which will accelerate the development of the

biotechnology sector.

Development of high quality entrepreneurship

The rate at which new start up companies are set up is an index of growth of

sunrise sectors like biotechnology. Innovation is promoted by a high level of

education in the field, orientation to new technologies and the ability and

willingness of new entrepreneurs and existing industries to manage the

potential risks.

11

Availability of capital

Development of biotechnology product and process require considerable

investment in time and capital. Early stage research and development are

generally funded by government agencies, but the later stage of development

for commercialization taken up by industry requires far greater investment for

successful development of the product. Venture capital plays a key role at

this stage. In fact, most biotech companies in the US have benefited from

venture capital funding at some stage or the other of their growth. Timely

availability of adequate venture capital through the various stages of

progression of the project and avenues of exit for the venture capitalist

through I pas etc. would go a long way in rapid development of indigenous

biotechnology industry.

Strategic Alliances

Collaboration with companies abroad for research and development,

marketing, contract manufacturing and clinical trials would be an effective way

of bringing in new products and technologies. There are already research

programmes through international collaboration between laboratories in the

State and those in the developed countries in a few areas. Efforts should be

made to extend these to areas of global interest and to facilitate industry-

industry collaborations.

3.2.8 Infrastructure

Biotechnology parks are conceived as instruments for accelerated growth of

the sector. These parks are to be initially supported by the governments until

they attain self-sustainability through revenues by way of rentals, royalty and

capital gains. These parks can add value by networking with other similar

setups in the country or abroad.

12

4.

Biotechnology parks are science and technology parks with a special

emphasis on biotechnology development. The broad concept is that of a facility ,

where the interface of research with commerce and industry is facilitated for better

utilisation of technologies.

Science parks have been conceptualized in various forms by different

agencies. The UK Science Parks Association (UKSPA) defines a science park as a

business support and technology transfer initiative, which:

encourages and supports the startup and integration of innovation led

high-growth, knowledge-based business.

. provides an environment where larger and international businesses can

develop specific and close interactions with a particular centre of

knowledge creation for their mutual benefit.

has formal and operational links with centres of knowledge creation, such

as universities, higher education institutes and research organizations.

The science park movement has been playing an important role in the

development of knowledge-based economy through technology innovation,

networking, sound business management and entrepreneurial partnering and

nurturing

4.1 FUNCTIONS

Biotechnology parks perform the following functions:

Biotechnology and bio-business incubation. It would encourage and

support the startup, incubation and development of innovation led, biotech

industries.

BCIL 13

. Formal and operational links with at least one centre of higher

learning or research. The special value of the park lies in the close

relationship with a local university or research institution, specialising in

biotechnology. This institution could become a primary source for the basic

technologies for incubation and development into commercial ventures,

particularly catering to the needs of small and startup enterprises. They

can also be assisted through consultancy assistance in technology

upgrading, trouble shooting, contract research etc.. Linkage with a

research institution of repute will also attract research and development

activities of major industries to the park.

. Facilities provided and maintained by a centralized management. This

will include physical facilities in the form of office space, dry and wet

laboratories, specialized equipment and instrumentation facilities, pilot

plant and scale up units and a good communication network. The

management would also provide social infrastructure facilities such as

cafeteria and shopping and recreation centers.

Consultancy and networking for advice on IPR protection, regulatory

issues, project management and sourcing of funds from venture capitalists

etc. is also critical for success of park.

4.2 MANAGEMENT

Globally, science and technology parks were generally piloted by universities

or centres of research. The aim was to provide a location physically close to the

parent institution where spin off inventions could be fired so that they could continue

to maintain close and informal relationships with the academic and research staff.

The spin off companies were established either by the faculty or by the university

itself to exploit the commercial potential of results of research. Later, the successful

development and operation of spin offs in the park encouraged other organizations

such as the national government, regional development agencies, regional

government and private investors to take interest in these projects through joint

ventures involving one or more partners.

BCIL 14

4.3 FUNDING

Initial funding was usually provided by the government. Successful parks

eventually can generate funds through rentals, royalties etc. to reach a close to self

sustainable status.

The draft National Biotechnology Development Strategy brought out by the

Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of

India envisages promotion and support of at least 10 biotechnology parks by 2010.

DBT will support creation of incubators in the parks, promoted by a private industry

or through public private partnerships, in the form of grants of up to 30% of the total

cost or up to 49% in the form of equity.

BCIL 15

KEY RESOURCES5.

GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES5.1

Orissa lies on the east coast of India and covers an area 1,55' 707 sq. km. Out

of the total cultivable land of nearly 65.59 lakh hectare cultivable, about 46% are

under highland, 31% under medium land and 23% under lowland. The area is

enriched by hill ranges extending from Similipal ranges in the north and eastern ghat

in the south and is interspersed with rivers flowing from the west to the east.

AGRO-CLIMA TIC CONDITIONS

The state is divided into ten different agro climatic zones namely north

western plateau, northern central plateau, north eastern coastal plain, eastern

coastal plain, north eastern ghats, eastern ghat high land, south eastern ghats,

western undulating, western central table land and mid central table land. The

diverse agro-climatic zones in the state offer enormous opportunity for cultivation of

a number of agricultural and horticultural crops amenable to biotechnology

interventions for value addition.

RICH BIODIVERSITY

Orissa can boast of a very rich biological diversity, both terrestrial and marine

in its forests, agriculture, mangroves, wetlands and marine areas both in the number

of species and their abundance.

Orissa has a long coastline of about 480 km. Several major rivers such as

Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Budhabalang and Rushikulya flow through it. The

Chilika lake is the longest brackish water lake in Asia. The sea, the rivers and the

lake have greatly influenced the coastal and other vegetation of Orissa and have

provided a variety of mangroves.

16

The mangroves flora of the state is very rich even in comparison with the

Sundarbans, Godavari and Cauveri deltas and the Andaman-Nicobar islands. 63 out

of 65 species in the country are found in the state.

The wetlands are also ecologically very sensitive and biologically very rich

and are important as repositories of fresh water and brackish water fauna. Chilka

lake harbors more than 900 species of flora and fauna such as algae, protozoa,

vascular plants, molluscs, nematodes, fish, prawn and other vertebrates. The

Hirakud reservoir on river Mahanadi, the longest manmade lake in the state has

been identified as a wetland of national importance due to its rich biodiversity.

The forest area of 5.72 million ha constitutes 37% of the geographic area of

the state with varied and diverse physiography, climate and edaphic conditions.

The state has four major forest types, namely, tropical semi-evergreen, tropical moist

deciduous, tropical dry deciduous, littoral and swamp forests. These forests are rich

sources of medicinal plants. Approximately 130 species of commercially relevant

medicinal plant species are found in the state.

Orchids are common in different ecological habitats throughout the state,

mainly in the mountain forests. Of an estimated 1 ,200 species of orchids in India,

129 species are found only in Orissa, including some of the rare ones.

A diversity of microorganisms, capable of producing valuable bioactive

products such as alphatocoferol, beta carotene and dyes. Some other

microorganisms native to the state such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Aspergillus

niger and Aspergillus fomigatus are useful in processing different types of natural

substrates including in leaching ore and in bioremediation.

Orissa also has abundant reserves for minerals and ores of metals like nickel,

aluminium, iron and chromium which support a vibrant mining and metallurgy

industry in the state, contributing to the industrial development of the state.

17BCIL

VARIETY OF CROPS5.4

Large variety of crops and other agricultural produce are cultivated in the state

include food grains, horticulture, floriculture, spices and medicinal and aromatic

plants. Agriculture contributes 28.13 percent of the Net State Domestic Product

(NSDP).

Orissa has a total production of 75.40 lakhs T of food grains with rice

accounting for 94%. Orissa is home to more than 70 varieties of scented rice. Other

major crops cultivated in the state are maize, pulses and oil seeds. Groundnut,

sesamum and mustard are the main oil seeds grown in the state. Some varieties of

millets found in Orissa are rich in carbohydrates.

Different agro climatic conditions are favorable for cultivation of a variety of

fruits such as litchi, mango, banana, citrus fruits, pineapple, papaya, coconut,

orange, sapota and jackfruit.

Elite and native varieties of mangoes grown in the state are Bombay Green,

Fazili, Langra, Banganapalli, Totapuri, Lat Sundari, Amprapalli, Malika and Chausa.

Some elite varieties of banana such as Patakapura, Champa and Chakrakelli

are widely grown across the state, including the coastal areas.

Kagzi lime is also an important fruit crop grown in specific areas of Keonjhar,

Ganjam, Gajapati, Koraput and Ohenkanal districts covering 13,275 ha. and with an

annual production of around 1,33,000 T. It is very popular for its medicinal value.

Jackfruit is widely grown in many districts and is emerging as a commercially

important crop

The climate is suitable for cultivation of commercially important Mandarin hill

orange, which is grown in Gajapati and Rayagada districts.

18BCIL

Orissa is home to approximately 75 varieties of spinach, 30 varieties of edible

flowers and 25 varieties of mushrooms. Paddy straw mushroom and oyster

mushroom which have a good market are grown under natural conditions in the

state

Turmeric and ginger are two most important spices grown in the state, mainly

in the tribal areas by organic farming.

Some other spices such as black pepper, cinnamon and cloves are also

grown in the state.

Among flowers marigold, tuberose, gladiolus, jasmine, chrysanthemum. lotus

and champa are grown through out the state.

The state's climate is suitable for the cultivation of commercial crops such as

sugarcane, jute, mesta, cotton, soyabean, groundnut, chilly and palm. Many of high

oil yielding varieties of palm have been introduced successfully in Gajapati,

Rayagada, Dhenkanal and Sundergarh districts.

Medicinal and aromatic plants5.4.1

Orissa with a strong tradition of use of natural plant extracts in Ayurvedic and

allopathic medicines, had encouraged cultivation and preservation of valuable

medicinal and aromatic plants. Around 130 species of commercially important

medicinal plants are found in Orissa

Some of the key medicinal plants abundant in eastern part of the country

including Orissa are given in Table 5.1. Many of these plants hold promise

19BCIL

and are used for medication by the tribals.

used for the ayurvedic formulations

Some of them are already being

Table 5.1: List of key medicinal plants found in Orissa

s. No Name Medicinal Use

-

1 Tribulus terrestris Tonic and asthma

2 Datura fastuosa Skin diseases

3 Bombax ceiba Aphrodisiac

4 Plueraria turberosa Tonic

5 Dioscoria bulbifera Tonic

6 Daphne mezereum Snake bites

7-

Onosma bracteatum Cancer

8 Semicarpus Anacardium Cancer

9 Kickxia ramosissima Female diseases

10 Onosma bracteatum Diabetes

11 Strychnos potatorum Water purifier

12 Strychnos nux-vomica Paralysis

Orissa has large resources of aromatic plants including lemon grass,

citronella etc. Kewda is an aromatic plant grown mainly in the coastal districts

of Orissa and is used for extraction of essential oils. District Ganjam accounts

for approximately 70 % of the production

Herbal formulations are also being developed with biocidal properties against

mites (of coconuts), mosquito and for treatment of fish diseases.

BCIL 20

5.5 WASTELANDS

Orissa has a large wasteland area of 21,000 sq.km. constituting about 10% of

the total area. A number of forestry plants are cultivated for timber, paper, pulp and

bio-fuels. These include teak {Tectona grandis) China teak {Paulownia sp.), ghambar

{Gmelina arborea), neem {Azadirachtica indica), bamboo, eucalyptus, kadamba,

pines, poplar and jetropha.

5.6 AQUA TIC RESOURCES

Orissa has abundant water resources, both marine and fresh water for

production of a variety of fish and other aquaculture species such as prawn, shrimp,

crab, oyster, mussels and ornamental fishes. The long coast line and inland fishery

resources including a fresh water area of 6.66 lakh ha and a brackish water area of

4.18 lakh ha provide vast scope for development of aquaculture in the state.

The state of Orissa is blessed with diverse marine resources including a 480

km. long coastline with a continental shelf area of 24,000 sq. km., the largest

brackish water lake of Asia, namely Chilika lake and the second largest mangrove

covering nearly 200 km2 of Bhitarkanika, the delta region of Mahanadi which are

sources of valuable bioactive products. The rich marine biodiversity of the state

includes algae, seaweeds, sponges, turtle, horseshoe crabs, shell fishes, prawn,

shrimp and marine fishes.

a. Seaweeds (Algae)

Seaweeds are commercially one of the most important living marine

resources which grow abundantly along the coast of Chilika Lake in Orissa.

They are rich source for proteins, vitamins, amino acids, growth hormones

b. Sponges

Sponges are key source of commercially useful compounds found from

marine animals. Around 70% of the useful compounds identified from marines

BCIL 21

animals are from poriferans. Out of 486 species of sponges identified in India,

more than one tenth are predominantly found in Orissa.

c. Sea turtles and crabs

Out of total eight species of sea turtles in the world, four are found along the

Orissa coast namely Olive Ridley, Hawksbill, Leatherback and Green Sea

turtle. Green Sea turtles are an important source of food for humans.

The horse shoe crab, Limulus polyphemus found in US is an important animal

for testing presence of bacterial endotoxin (pyrogen testing) of pharmaceutical

products. Similar crabs namely Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus

tridentatus and T. gigas are found in Orissa.

d. Mangrove resources

The mangrove of Bhitarkanika {Orissa) is a second largest in India after

Sundarbans {West Bengal) covering nearly 200 Km2 represented by 39

species. Bhitarkanika mangrove wetland is one of the most productive

ecosystems. It adds to the coastal fishery production. The rivers and creeks in

the wetland are a major source of variety of indigenous fish. The sheltered

waters of mangroves provide nursery ground for commercially harvested

prawns and shrimps. Several fish species come to the estuary for breeding.

Some of the commercially important fishes are hilsa {Hilisa i/1isha), Khainga

(Mu/let sp.), Bhetki {Lates ca/carifer), Kantia {Mustus gulia), Kokill {Anchove/1a

sp. ) etc. Prawns such as Penaeus indicus, tiger prawn {Penaeus monodon),

Metapenaeus affinis and crabs, mainly the mud crabs { Scy/1a serrata).

e. Other marine products

Other commercially relevant marine resources of Orissa include shellfishes,

poisonous and venomous fishes, corals, pearl oyster, jelly fish, cone shells &

stingrays, sea cucumber and starfish, marine annelids, opisthobranch,

BCIL 22

puffers fishes, bivalves mollusks, crabs, reef fishes, sea whips, Gymnodium

sp., and sea squirt.

Some of the shellfishes such as mudcrab ( Scylla serrata) and Naptunus

pelagicus are being cultivated and are exported to South East Asian countries

where it is considered a delicacy.

A large number of poisonous and venomous fishes are also predominantly

found on the Orissa coast, which are used for preparation of anti venoms etc.

TRANSPORTS AND COMMUNICATION

a. Power

Orissa was the leading state in India which embarked on a comprehensive

reform of the electricity production and distribution. During 2003-04, the total

installed capacity for power generation was 6632 MW making it one of the few

power surplus states. An additional capacity of 2150 MW is being installed,

keeping in view future industrial growth.

b. Airports

The Biju Patnaik Airport at Bhubaneswar has already been declared as a

Customs Airport and is being upgraded to international status.

c. Roads

Orissa is well connected by all modern means of surface transport to the

various strategic points within and outside the state. The state has extensive

rail and road network connecting all the major states. State Government has

started preliminary work on a coastal highway connecting Andhra Pradesh in

South and West Bengal in North.

23

d. Railways

The State is actively pursuing the expansion of the existing railway network of

more than 2200 kms.

e. Ports

Paradeep is the major all weather port in Orissa. In addition, there are a

number of small ports in the State which offers tremendous opportunities for

international trade. The existing fair weather port at Gopalpur is being

developed into an all weather port. The Dhamara fishing harbour is also being

converted into a mega port. Both this ports are being upgraded with private

participation

INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE5.8

a. Major industries in other sectors

The State has a very strong base in mining, fertilizers, fisheries, paper and

pulp and agro industries. The mining sector has some of the major industries

like National Aluminium Corporation, Bharat Aluminium Corporation and

Rourkela Steel Plant. Paradeep Phosphates is one of the largest fertilizer

units in the country and J.K. Paper limited is an established name among

paper and pulp industry .

biopesticides production

EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INFRASTRUCTURE5.9

24BCIL

institutions have existing infrastructure and teams of highly competent scientists and

technologists having commendable achievements in biotechnology and allied fields.

State-of-the-art facilities have been set up in some of them for conducting research

in highly specialized areas such as genetic engineering, genomics, proteomics,

transgenics, DNA fingerprinting and molecular diagnostics. These laboratories can

provide support through expert consultancy in technology development,

instrumentation, testing, validation and through making available equipment for

scale up.

A number of universities and research institute in the State offer postgraduate

and doctoral programmes in biotechnology.

The expertise and infrastructural facilities form an invaluable resource for

potential entrepreneurs for keeping abreast with latest trends in technology

development, for technology sourcing and upgradation, contract research and

consultancy. A list of these universities and research organization along with their

expertise and the specialized facilities are given in Table 5.2.

Expertise and facilities available in the research institutesand universities of Orissa

Table 5.2:

Facilities

~ ~:~ -

S.No. Expertise- -

1. Central Institute of Freshwater A uaculture, Bhubaneswar

.Fish pathology and immunology. Maintaining local germ plasm

.Culture techniques for fresh water. Atomic absorbtion

species spectrophotometer

.Molecular biotechnology. Automated sequencer

.Pearl culture I .Mass spectrophotometer

.Fish cell culture. Ultracentrifuge

.Ornamental fish culture

I.Hormonal physiology and nutrition

.Breeding of fishes

.Aquatic microbiology

.Diagnostics

.Herbal formulations fortherapeutics.

25BCIL

(Contd.)

.Database of medicinal plants

.Atomic absorbtionspectrophotometer

.Ultracentrifuge

.Automated DNA sequencer

S.NO.I Expertise I Facili

2. Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar

.Development of diagnostics andvaccine candidates for cancer,

malaria and filariasis

.Bioprospecting and identification of

active molecules

.Molecular microbiology

.Plant molecular genetics

.Cloning and expression of gene

.Molecular diaqnostics

3.

.

.

..

ReQional Medical Research Centre, Bhubanes~ar

RTPCR

Insectorium

Protein array

Flow cytometer

Mutation detection system

Animal tissue culture facility

Radioactivity facility

..

.

Development of diagnostics andvaccine candidates for malariaand filariasis

Clinical trials for malaria, filariasis

Immunology studies

New drug delivery systems

Developing molecular diagnostics.

.--

Reaional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar4.Germplasm of more than10000 varieties of Cacti, 96varieties of roses

.

.

.

.

.

.Plant tissue culture of flowers,forestry plants, fruits

.DNA fingerprinting

.Cytogenetics

.Plant t~-xonomy & con~~rvation

Re~ional Research Laborato I Bhubaneswar

Plant introduction and. FPLC, HPLC

improvement. Herbal garden

Drought and salinity tolerance. Biomethanation plant

Wasteland utilization. Bioreactors

Commercial cultivation ofmedicinal and aromatic plants

I I

26BCIL

(Contd.ExDertise Facilities

Reaional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar (Co~

.

.

.

.

.

6.

Reclamation of chromite andgraphite mines through

phytoremediationWaste water treatment and bio-

leaching

Isolation, purification andcharacterization of bioactivecompounds, herbal drugs,lichens, orchids, fern, mushroomsand marine organisms

Screening of plant extracts for

pesticidal activity

Use of coirpith in biofertlizer forsoil and herbal biocidalformulation for coconut

I Berhamp~r- University, Berhampur

.Marine biotechnolo

SambalDur Universitv

Herbal gardenCharacterisation of a uniquethermophilic bacteria

Reducing leaf senescence toincrease yield

Identification of stress genes

Bioactive molecules from plants

Bioleaching of coal by removingIron

.

.

.

.

8

Germplasm of

BGA/cyanobacteria

Fermentation facility

.

.

.

Utkal University, Bhubaneswar

.Biofertilizers esp. Blue green

algae production

.Screening of antioxidants

.Marine biotechnology

Fakir Mohan University, Balasore

.Plant Tissue culture

.Early detection of hereditary andblood related diseases.

Marine biotechnology

Bioremediation and

biodegradation

.Hybridoma technology andantibodv production

.

.

.

Animal tissue culture

Plant tissue culture

Fermentation

Biodiversity and conservation

Purification (e.g., HPCL, FPLC,Ion exchange and affinity

chromatography

.

.

BCIL 27

(Contd.)

5.10 HUMAN RESOURCES

The State has a large number of competent skilled manpower suitable for

working in upcoming biotechnology ventures. Scientists emerging from the research

institutions and the universities apart from providing specialized manpower for future

biotech industries also have potential to become biotechnology entrepreneurs.

Biotechnology and allied subjects like life sciences, fisheries sciences and

microbiology is being offered at the undergraduate and the postgraduate levels in a

number of universities and institutions. Many institutions also offer research

programmes leading to doctorate degrees. At the undergraduate level, courses

being offered include B. Sc. in biotechnology.

M. Sc. (Biotechnology) courses are offered at five universities and institutes

namely Fakir Mohan University, Balasore Majhighariani Institute of Technology and

Science(MITS), Rayagada, Sambalpur University and Utkal University. The total

annual intake at postgraduate level is 50. Orissa University of Agriculture and

Technology, Bhubaneswar offers MSc. Course in Agriculture Biotechnology.

At graduation level private institutes like MITS and Trident Academy of

Creative Technology (TACT) offers B. Tech and B. Sc. in biotechnology respectively.

MITS also offers M.Sc. Bioinformatics.

The post graduate courses offer advanced training in multidisciplinary areas

of biotechnology such as cell biology, microbiology, virology, biochemistry,

immunology, process engineering, downstream processing, bioinformatics,

BCIL 28

biophysics, protein engineering, genetics, molecular biology, genetic engineering

and IPR in biotechnology.

Besides these courses in biotechnology, graduate and postgraduate courses

are also conducted in allied areas of microbiology, molecular biology, genetics,

biophysics, biochemistry, environmental sciences, and fisheries sciences.

The leading national and state research institutes as well as the existing

universities offer doctoral programmes in biotechnology and allied fields. The

courses available in biotechnology at different levels in the state are summarized in

Table 5.3.

Table 5.3: Courses in biotechnology offered by research institutes anduniversities

s. No. Research InstituteslUniversities

Courses offered

Research Jn$ti~

Masters in Fisheries Sciences (M.F.Sc.)

PhDCentral Institute of Freshwater

Aq~ac~)t~re, BhuQ~~~§y:!:9!-1 .

I Institute of Life Sciences,Bhubaneswar

2 PhD.

3 Regional Plant ResourceCentre {RPRC), Bhubaneswar

PhD.

4 Regional Research Laboratory IBhubaneswar

PhD.

Universities

Berhampur University,

Berhampur

5 M.Sc Marine Biology

M.Sc Oceanography

M.Phil PhD

.

.

Fakir Mohan University,Balasore

6 M. Sc. Biotechnology, PhD.

7 Majhighariani Institute of

Technology and Science,

(MITS) Rayagada

B. Tech Biotechnology

M. Sc. Biotechnology

M. Sc Bioinformatics.

8 Orissa University of Agricultureand Technology, Bhubaneswar

M. Sc Agriculture Biotechnology

M. Sc Microbiology I

M. Sc. Biotechnology

.

9 Sambalpur University,Sambalpur

29BCIL

(Contd.)

The State has a good network of non-governmental scientific organizations

which have been popularizing science. The State Government with its decentralized

developmental institutions are capable of utilizing the combined strength of the

people's science organizations in creating awareness among the farmers in the

advantages of applying biotechnology in agriculture for more profitable, sustainable

and environment friendly farming.

*****

BCIL 30

6. POTENTIAL BIOTECH INDUSTRIES FOR THE ST A TE

The products and processes that offer scope for development and application

in the state are listed and briefly described below:

1 Agriculture 2. Aquaculture and marine

biotechnology

Biopesticides

Biofertilisers

Tissue culture

Organic farming

Genetically modified crops

Selective breeding and

controlled culture of fish and

prawns

Bioactive compounds from

marine organisms

Feed, diagnostics &

therapeutics

4. Process industries

Enzymes

3. Healthcare

Diagnostics

Clinical trials

Contract research and

manufacturing

Medicinal plant extraction

5. Environmental biotechnology

Phytoremediation

Biomineral processing

Biofuels

AGRICUL TURE

The key commercially important areas in agriculture biotechnology for the

state are organic farming, biofertiliser, biopesticide and plant tissue culture. The state

also offers good potential for companies interested in transgenic plants.

31

a. Organic farming

Organic farming is particularly suitable for Orissa, as many parts of the state,

especially the tribal areas including Kalahandi, Bolangir, Koraput, Phulbari

and Ganjam, have a tradition of using organic manure in their farming

operations. 200 villages in the above districts have been declared as "organic

villages" with more than 17,000 acres under organic faming. The state is

suitable for cultivation of elite varieties of fruits, vegetables, spices, flowers,

medicinal plants etc. which can be grown organically to exploit the expanding

global market

Many of these products fetch a high premium in the market especially in the

European Union. The demand for organic foods, forest produces and herbal

products is increasing at the rate of at least 20 per cent annually in the world

market, offering a huge export potential.

With the development of organic standards in consonance with the EU

standards and formulation of National Organic Programme (NOP) facilitating

accreditation of certifying agencies within the country itself by Agricultural and

Processed Foods Export Development Agency (APEDA), under the Ministry

of Commerce, the certification of organically farmed products has been

simplified and made cost effective. APEDA also offers various incentives for

organic farming.

Government of Orissa have been promoting organic farming of spices,

flowers, fruits and off-season vegetables. Utkal University, Sambalpur

University and Regional Research Laboratory , Bhubaneshwar have

developed technologies for biofertilisers for soil conditioning and herbicidal

organic formulations. Sambalpur University has developed a unique

technology for bio-diagnostics for analysis of soil health in organic agriculture.

This technology is based on the presence of organisms in the soil and can be

easily used by the farmers. The technology is also being promoted by the

Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. Sambalpur University has also

32BCIL

developed a technology for organic farming and restoration of natural soil

fertility in collaboration with IRD, Ministry of Agriculture, France.

b. Biopesticides and biofertilisers

Biopesticides and biofertilisers are good potential inputs for organic farming

as well as inputs for integrated pest and soil fertility management. The

biofertilizers relevant to the crops in Orissa are listed in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1: List of biofertilizers and biopesticides relevant to crops in Orissa

S.No. Biofertilizer Crop specificity Mode of action

Bacterial

Rhizobium1 atmospheric nitrogen fixation

2. Azospirillum

leguminous crops

(soybeans, chickpea,

groundnut, pulses)

sugarcane, paddy atmospheric nitrogen

fixation, release of growth

promoters

3, Acetobacter atmospheric nitrogen fixationsugarcane

4 all cropsPhosphobacteria solubilization of insoluble soil

phosphates

~

Blue green algae paddy nitrogen fixation1

2 Azolla paddy nitrogen fixation

Funaal

Mycorrhizaall crops1 solubilization of insoluble soil

phosphates

33BCIL

Some of the key biopesticides which can be manufactured in Orissa are

Pseudomonas fluorescens, Metarhizium, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma

harzianum, neem (A zadirachtin), Verticillium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana,

Heliothis NPV and Spodoptera NPV, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus

sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis, Trichogramma and pheromones.

RRL, Bhubaneswar has developed a herbal biocidal formulation for controlling

mite in coconut

Orissa produces around 70 lakh T of rice annually. Algal biofertilizers could be

effectively used for increasing rice productivity. BGA and azolla constitute the

main source of algal biofertilizer in South and Southeast Asia specifically for

lowland paddy. The other major crops of the state like vegetables, sugarcane

and other horticultural crops can also benefit from usage of biofertilisers and

biopesticides. Besides being an agent for nitrogen fixation, they also provide

other advantages of supplementing organic matter, stimulating growth of

seedlings and plants by releasing growth promoting substances, provides

partial tolerance to pesticides and fungicides and also help in reclamation of

saline and alkaline soils. Inspite of the large potential for their use,

biopesticides and biofertilizers consumption in Orissa as well as the

neighbouring states is much less than in some of the other states such as

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Maharashtra. Local production

of these organic inputs could facilitate easy and cost effective availability thus

making them more competitive. Increased organic farming in the state would

further improve the local consumption of biofertilisers and biopesticides.

There is demand from some of the European countries for contract

manufacture of certain biopesticides in I ndia, taking advantage of the natural

warm climate, which facilitates relatively rapid production compared with the

cold countries, and low cost of production. Such opportunities can be

capitalized by the units in the state.

Technologies and technical expertise can be sourced from Sambalpur

University and Utkal University. Utkal University has developed BGA

BCIL 34

biofertilizer technologies using region specific stress compatible strains of

cyanobacteria. The University has also developed alternate effective carriers

for BGA biofertilizer and standardized the technology for commercial

production in semi-polyhouses. Pilot scale production and large scale

demonstration of BGA biofertilizer have also been conducted. A germ plasm

collection of 192 species/strains of BGA/cyanobacteria, isolated from different

habitats of Orissa including eastern India, is maintained at Utkal University.

Sambalpur University has developed a technology for improving the quality of

degraded soil. As a part of this technology they have identified a unique

earthworm of Indian origin for vermicomposting which is better than many

existing exotic varieties. The University has patented this technology in

association with IRD, Ministry of Agriculture, France and Parry Agro Industries

Ltd., Bangalore. The technology is being used in Tea Gardens of Parry Agro

and is now being transferred to China. This technology will be vital for

ecorestoration of the soil in Orissa where rate of degradation of soil is higher

because of adverse climatic conditions usage of pesticides and fertilizers and

mining activity.

c. Plant tissue culture (micropropagation)

Orissa offers unique advantages for establishment of plant tissue culture

based units for rapid multiplication of elite disease free plants irrespective of

the season. The agroclimatic conditions in the state are suitable for

propagation of a number of commercial crops which are amenable to

micropropagation such as fruits (banana and papaya); spices (clove, ginger

and turmeric); commercial crops (sugarcane, jatropha) flowers (orchids,

carnations, gerbera, rose and anthurium) and medicinal plants (safed musli,

aloe vera, ashwagandha) and plantation trees like eucalyptus, bamboo and

pawlonia. Out of these sugarcane, banana, turmeric, ginger, orchids jatropha,

and flowers have good domestic and export demand.

The state has high demand for these plants, which is presently met through

conventionally propagated plants. Tissue cultured plants are produced on a

35BCIL

limited scale and there exists a huge potential for shift over to tissue culture

raised plants.

Suitable species of Jatropha can be mass multiplied and grown on vast

stretches of wastelands in view of its increasing usage for biodiesel

production. The high yielding varieties of plantation trees used by paper and

pulp industry can be micropropagated and cultivated advantageously on a

mass scale in the state.

Micropropagation of Bamboo for large-scale propagation is of immediate

relevance to the state due to poor availability and poor viability of seeds for

the two most important cultured varieties namely Bamusa vulgaris and

Bamusa nutans.

State Government have set up two Agri Export Zones (AEZs) in the

contiguous districts of Kandhamal and Koraput for the purpose of export

promotion of a few key agricultural produces, particularly the spices, ginger

and turmeric. This is also expected to spur the demand for quality planting

material. The selected plant varieties are presently being cultivated by

conventional propagation.

The above benefits coupled with the locational advantage of the state offer

good scope for meeting the growing demand for tissue culture plants in the

eastern and north eastern region.

The state has expertise and good infrastructure for development of tissue

culture protocols. Qrissa University of Agriculture and Technology (QUAT)

and Regional Plant Resource Center (RPRC) have developed technologies

for micropropagation of banana and sugarcane and protocols for a varieties of

commercial crops are under development. A technology for quick rooting of

bamboo has been developed by RPRC and is under trial. Protocols for Cacti

multiplication have also been developed for the 10,000 varieties being

maintained by them including some unique varieties with ornamental value.

Protocols for propagation of forestry plants like eucalyptus, sesame and sal

BCIL 36

have also been developed. Technologies could also be sourced from

research institutes and universities in other states many of which have

standardized protocols for micropropagation of a number of plants or from

established tissue culture companies.

Interested entrepreneurs can set up their micropropagation laboratory at a

central place for production of variety of tissue cultured plantlets and multiple

hardening units could be set up in various districts to harden plantlets as per

the requirement of the agroclimatic conditions.

This activity does not require very high investments or skilled manpower. It is

also not technology intensive. Only the first stage of the development of tissue

culture protocol requires a high degree of scientific skill and specialized

facilities such as a sterile laboratory having controlled light, humidity and

temperature conditions. The later stage of hardening of the micropropagated

plants can be carried out by less skilled persons and under less demanding

conditions. In view of the potential of this technology for enhancing agricultural

productivity, introduction of elite planting materials, entrepreneurship and

employment generation, the State Government has also identified this as a

priority area for development

d. Genetically modified (GM) crops

Development and cultivation of genetically modified crops incorporating traits

such as resistance to pesticides and herbicide tolerance, higher yield, stress

tolerance and nutritive value etc., hold promise for the state. The only GM

crop approved for commercial cultivation in India is Bt cotton. Although India

is yet to approve cultivation of genetically modified food crops, their

acceptance globally during the last decade clearly indicates the promise of

genetically modified crops for increased crop productivity leading to food, feed

and fiber security, conservation of biodiversity through economizing of land

use, limiting the use of chemical inputs including pesticides and herbicides

and increasing crop production stability through plants having increased

resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses.

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CRRI is developing new varieties of rice for drought tolerance and for disease

resistance using biotechnology. They have identified molecular markers for a

few rice diseases such as Rice Tungro Disease. They are also involved in

mapping of pest resistant genes in various varieties. CRRI is presently

maintaining a germplasm of 210 native varieties and 700 exotic varieties of

rice

ILS has initiated research on developing a strong promoter for rice which will

help in better expression of the genes.

HEALTHCARE

Orissa has a high incidence of malaria, cancer (oral) and filariasis with 18% of

malaria cases, 38% of P. falciparum cases and more than 50% of the malarial

deaths in the country .Of the 40 million cases of filariasis reported in India, a large

percentage of affected population is found in Orissa. Recently, there have been

cases of anthrax reported. The state accounts for a sizable market for diagnostics,

vaccines and therapeutics, the requirement of which is met from manufacturing units

in other states. The present market however accounts for a small fraction of the

potential demand, which can be exploited by companies operating in the region.

Regional Medical Research Center (RMRC) and Institute of Life Sciences

(ILS) in Bhubaneswar have the necessary expertise and infrastructure to develop

technologies in the area of diagnostics, and clinical trials. The State also has a few

established hospitals and medical centers which have a wealth of information and

data on disease incidence and management. In view of the above, there is

immediate potential for setting up diagnostics units, medicinal plant extraction units

as well as clinical trials and contract research organizations.

a. Diagnostics

With increasing health consciousness in the state, the demand for rapid and

precise diagnosis of ailments and conditions to ,enable timely and appropriate

treatment is growing. Biotechnology based diagnostic kits such as

immunodiagnostics, molecular diagnostics, western blot and PCR based kits

38

offer different levels of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and speed, depending

upon the specific needs of the cases.

Molecular diagnostics based on detection of specific gene sequences offer

higher sensitivity and specificity, quantification of microbial loads in the

system, predisposition to diseases enabling effective diagnosis, monitoring

and management of infectious and noninfectious diseases in humans,

animals, fish and plants.

The institutes in the state are valuable sources for technical expertise and

infrastructure. Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) has developed a technology for

simultaneous detection of two filarial parasites namely Wuchereria bancrofti

and Brugia malayi and are involved in development of molecular markers for

early detection of oral cancer, role of different molecular markers in leukemia,

in identification of candidates genes for development of malaria vaccine and

PCR based diagnostics. Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC) is also

working on development of diagnostics and vaccine candidates for malaria

and filariasis and has developed PCR based diagnostic kit for chlamydia.

Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA) has developed

immunodiagnostics such as DOT ELISA and Indirect ELISA for quick and

precise diagnosis of important microbial infections including Edwardsie//a

tarda infection (Edwardsiellosis) for fish and shellfish. The kit is suitable for

early detection of pathogen in dead and putrefied tissue i.e. liver, spleen and

kidney. The institute has also developed a DNA diagnostics for viral

pathogens in shellfish.

At present, there is only one diagnostic unit in the State. Considering the vast

market potential in Orissa as well as the neighboring states, diagnostic units

could be set up in the State by the established diagnostic companies from

other States as well as by local entrepreneurs.

There also exists good scope for setting up common production facilities for

diagnostics reagents such as synthetic peptides, recombinant proteins or

specific monoclonal antibodies since indigenous development and production

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of these reagents in terms of setting up and maintenance of the state-of-the-

art infrastructure and recurring expenditure on technical manpower is unviable

for a single user company. Such common facilities would then cater to the

demand of the several units engaged in assembly of these kits in India and

neighbouring countries, to facilitate availability of cost effective diagnostic kits.

b. Clinical trials

The state offers immense opportunity for conducting clinical trials due to

diverse genetic make up of its population and the prevalence of a number of

diseases and conditions like malaria, filariasis, tuberculosis and cancer.

RMRC along with a number of hospitals in the region have undertaken drug

trials for filariasis malaria, helminthic infections, cholera and

haemoglobinopathy. The institute has expertise in communicable and non-

communicable diseases. They have adequate facilities to study vector borne

diseases including an insectoriums. An animal model for preclinical trials of

lymphatic filariasis has been developed. The institute is generating

epidemiological data for malaria, filariasis and cholera, in general and tribal

population. The trial for first malaria vaccine being developed by International

Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi will be

undertaken in Orissa for which the facility is being developed at Rourkela.

The invaluable data on disease incidence, prevalence and management

generated over years of experience in the well established public health

machinery in the State would be an invaluable support for clinical trials. The

trials could be taken up in collaboration with clinical trial companies as per

international norms.

This activity is expected to facilitate development of ancillary units to provide

support functions to the clinical trials companies in the area of information

technology, specialized logistics support, site management and patient

recruitment. An ethically well managed clinical trial system in the state is

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expected to promote the social cause of faster introduction of high quality

drugs into the country .

Contract research and manufacturingc.

Considering the expertise and infrastructure in the state, there is immense

scope for contract research and manufacturing particularly in the areas of

data handling, data mining, gene typing, DNA finger printing, DNA sequencing

etc. The state's vast genetic resources (ethnic populations) can provide

valuable leads about disease pre-disposition and susceptibility, which in turn

would expedite the process of drug discovery.

Orissa can harness its diversified genetic resources, skilled manpower base,

capabilities and infrastructure in informatics to develop drug design models by

integrating the relevant databases.

RMRC has been involved in areas of new drug design and delivery systems

against filarial, malarial and helminthic parasites. They have also expertise in

areas of immunology, clinical trials, molecular diagnostics and genotyping.

The Department of Bioinformatics, Utkal University has recently acquired a

software package called Genetics Computer Group Package (GCG) having

nearly 130 modules covering the broad areas of genomics, proteomics, drug

designing and molecular modeling using which analysis can be carried out

with high level of accuracy in different areas such as plant and animal

breeding, genetics, forestry and plant biotechnology.

d. Medicinal and Aromatic plant extraction

Orissa has a rich biodiversity of medicinal plants with approximately 130

species of commercially relevant herbal plants of medicinal, aromatic and

cosmetic value. The main commercial activity in the area is limited to

conventional cultivation and trading. Only a few small-scale extraction units

are operational. The State Medicinal Plant Board (SMPB) is promoting large-

scale cultivation of many commercially important medicinal plants native to

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the State. SMPB h-as brought approximately 800 acres of land under

cultivation of commercially important medicinal plants such as Amla, Brahmi,

Sated Musli, Aswagandha, Sarpagandha, Satavari, Kalmegh and Aloe Vera

during 2003-04 and 2004-2005.

This has been achieved by encouraging farmers by providing financial

assistance to take up cultivation of medicinal plants in their own land by in

thirty districts including Angul, Balasore, Baragarh, Cuttack, Dhankanal,

Ganjam, Jagatsinghpur, Kandhamal, Nayagarh and Sambalpur.

Kewda is an important source of aromatic oil and approximately 70% of Indian

production of Kewda oil is from Ganjam district.

ILS has initiated development of a database of the endemic medicinal plants

present in the area and their active molecules and alkaloid.

The large-scale availability of medicinal plants could be gainfully exploited by

setting up units for their extraction as well as for isolation of pharmacologically

active phytochemicals and screening them for pharmacological activities

using various in vitro bioassays. RMRC is developing an herbal

mosquitocidal formulation.

Micropropagation could be used for large-scale multiplication and cultivation

of elite varieties to ensure sufficient quantity and good quality raw materials.

In view of the abundant availability of medicinal plants, conducive climate for

mass multiplication and rich traditional knowledge in the area, the State

government proposes to set up common facilities for their value addiction and

sustainable utilization such as micropropagation parks and supercritical

extraction plants. Common analytical laboratory and facilities for toxicity

testing are also envisaged to facilitate proper characterization of bio products

as per international guidelines for catalyzing exports.

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PROCESS INDUSTRIES6.3

Orissa offers unique advantage in the area of enzyme production units due to

abundant availability of raw materials for cost effective production and its demand

and application in a number of industries in the state in involved in food processing,

fermentation (ethanol, organic acids, amino acids, nucleotides, vitamins etc.) paper

and pulp, textiles, detergents and poultry feed.

Some of the well known applications of enzymes relevant to resources in the

state include use of pectinases for clarifying the fruit juices, debittering of citrus

juices by "naranginases", tendering of meat products and clarification of beer by

papain and production of cheese using synthetic rennin. The enzymes proteases

(alcalase) and lipases are being increasingly used in detergents.

In addition conversion of plant materials such as seeds, fruits and vegetables

into valuable food and feed products such as gums, alginate, carrageenan and agar

could be achieved by the use of cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases etc. Utkall

University, Bhubaneswar have state-of-art-art facilities and expertise in this field and

have also developed a technology for production of agar-agar from Gracilaria

(seaweed) occurring in Chilika Lake.

Enzymes also have application in the espanding animal and poultry feed

industry in the state. Enzyme formulations based on amylases, cellulases,

hemicellulases and proteases are useful in animal and poultry feeds to breakdown

indigestible substances in the feed so as to help in improving the food conversion

ratio (FCR), reducing the anti nutritional factor in the feed and enabling uniform and

faster growth of the animals.

Other application of enzymes in the state include textile processing for

improving the quality and value of the fabric using amylases, proteases and

cellulases and enzymatic bleaching of paper and pulp using xylanases.

43BCIL

At present, there is no established enzyme unit in the state. And opportunities

exists for setting up units in view of market opportunities and availability of other

resources

6.4 AQUACULTURE

Abundant availability of fresh and brackish water bodies and access to the

sea offer unique advantages for companies interested in aquaculture for increasing

productivity, early detection of diseases and production of seed and feed for the

aquatic species. Fresh water prawn is a prominent foreign exchange earner in the

state. The production for 2002-03 is estimated at 410 tons from an area of 2995

hectare. The production per hectare is low at about 137 T as compared to others

such as West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Similarly there is a requirement of

increasing the fish production from 307 thousand T to 1600 thousand T. The state

government has also announced the policy for fishery development which has

identified increase in seed production as well as development of prawn culture as

priority area. There exists favourable opportunities for entrepreneur's to invest in

these areas using biotech interventions.

Biotechnology interventions could be used for increasing productivity by

inducing spawning, improving fish varieties in terms of faster growth and size by

selective breeding and hybridization, production of mono-sex fish by using hormones

specially in case of ornamental fish culture, marker assisted selection of disease

resistant, fast growing broodstock and improved larval survival and maturation

through biocontrol of pathogens, bioremediation, optimized larval nutrition,

development of alternate live larval feeds, rapid detection of pathogens in

broodstock, and use of probiotics, immunostimulants and vaccines specifically for

Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii have been developed in various

laboratories in Orissa and elsewhere in the country.

Opportunities exists for culture of some of the key marine species such as

crabs, Puffer fish etc. suitable for production in Orissa and which have high export

potential to South East Asia, China and Japan, where it is consumed as a delicacy.

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Promising research leads in the above areas have emerged from various

research centers in Orissa and including College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Central

Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture, Chennai, Central Institute of Fisheries

Education, Mumbai, College of Fisheries, Kochi, Madras University, Chennai, Cochin

University of Science & Technology, Kochi and Anna University, Chennai.

In Orissa, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, has got excellent

infrastructure facilities and expertise in the area of aquaculture and have developed

diagnostics for prawns and shell fish and also have a lot of pioneer technology such

as, herbal immunostimulant and DNA marker based isolation of important traits. The

institute has also developed technology for ornamental fish breeding and culture and

pearl culture.

Technologies for carp breeding and hatching, therapeutics and

immunodiagnostics for various diseases, including bacterial gill disease for E.tarda

and for A.hydrophila have been developed by CIFA.

Orissa is also one of the major exporters of marine products. It is

advantageously placed to cater to South East Asia, China and Japan through its port

located at Paradip. However at present exports of most of these organisms is limited

by harvesting it from the wild even though there are abundant water bodies spread

across the state using which, biotech interventions can help in increasing the yield

and improving the quality of fishes and marine organisms and the volume of exports.

Development of improved culture techniques and high yielding varieties will help in

assured supply of raw materials required by those units involved in isolation of

bioactive molecules from some of these plants. Newer areas can also be explored

like ornamental fish culture which has good export potential and can generate lot of

employment

6.5 MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY

The state of Orissa is blessed with diverse marine resources including a long

coastline, the largest brackish water lake of Asia, namely Chilika lake and the

second largest mangrove at Bhitarkanika, the delta region of Mahanadi which are

BCIL 45

sources of valuable bioactive products and fresh water bodies. The rich marine

biodiversity of the state includes algae, seaweeds, sponges, turtle, horseshoe crabs,

shellfishes, prawn, shrimp and marine fishes.

The global market for marine biotech products was estimated at $2.4 billion in

2002. The Indian market is growing significantly and is projected to exceed $ 3.4

million by 2007. Marine resources are being used for identifying or production of

number of biomolecules for various industries including healthcare, cosmetics food

processing.

Table 6.2 gives a list important medicinal compounds identified from Marine

organisms. Marine organisms are important sources of commercial important

compounds such as Asthaxanthin (Anti-oxidant), Phycocyanin, docosahexanoic acid

(DHA), alphatocopherol, Nutraceuticals, Agar and Alginate. The residue after

extraction of agar from the seaweeds contains large quantities of colloids,

carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals. This can be further utilized as

carbohydrate substitute in the feed for dairy, piggery and poultry.

Orissa is abundant in algae which are rich source for proteins, vitamins

amino acids, growth hormones, minerals and other bioactive compounds.

Sponges are also key sources of commercially useful compounds. Around

70% of the useful compounds identified from marines animals are from poriferans.

and are being used for treating respiratory , cardiovascular and gastro intestinal

diseases and AIDS.

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Table 6.2: Useful compounds identified from marine organisms andtheir activity

BCIL 47

(Contd.)

Biota Class Compound

Antiamoebic

Coral Crassin acetatePseudoplexaura waqenaar

Antimalarial

Elysia rufescen Mollusc

Sponge

Kahalalides

Cycloamphilactanes,Cardinthiol

Cymastella hooperi

Ecbolics

Gracilaria pichenoids Red AIQa ProstaQlandin E2, F2

Clavularia virdis Soft Coral Clairidenones A-D

~~~[2bvton deQl"~ssum Soft Coral Prostaqlandin F

Anti Inflammato

Lyn~bya maiascula Cyanobacterium Depromoaplysia toxin

Laffariella variables Monoalide

, Anaesthetic

Caulr a sertularioides a

Anticancer activit

Spon.Qe Brvostatin

Trididemnum solidum Tunicate Oidemnin B

Conus maQus Ziconotide

Discodermolide

Halichondrin B

Discodermia dissolute

Lissodendoryx

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(Contd.)

Biota Class Compound Activity

Antiviral activit

Ulva fasciata Green~g~- Ceramide EMCV, JEV

Chondrus crispus Red alga

Sponge

Sea cum cumber

Caraqeenan Mumcs, Inf. B

CalliDelta sp Callipetlin A HIV

Cumaria japonica Cucumariaxanthins

A-C

EB Virus

T. solidum Tunicate Didemnin B DNA & RNA

viruses

Dvsidea avara Averol & Avarone Anti H IV

Dvsidea cineria MeroterDenoid Anti HIV

Cardiovascular s stem

Oscillatoria Cyanobacterium Aeroginosins Thrombin

agardhii antagonist

Microcystisaeruginosa

MicrogininsMicropeptin A-B

ACE, Plasmin &Trypsin Inhibitor

Cyanobacterium

Chondrus crispus Red Alga Carageenan Antithrombotic,Anticoagulant

Cryptotethia

crypta

Sponge Spongosine Vascodilator

Penaresaff

incrustans

Sponge Penaramides Ca++ channelblocker

The horse shoe crab, Limulus polyphemus found in US is an important animal

for testing presence of bacterial endotoxin (pyrogen testing) of pharmaceutical

products. Similar crabs namely Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus

tridentatus and T. gigas are found in Orissa.

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Other commercially relevant marine resources of Orissa include shellfishes,

poisonous and venomous fishes, corals, pearl oyster, jelly fish, cone shells &

stingrays, sea cucumber and starfish, marine annelids, opisthobranch, puffers fishes,

bivalves mollusks, crabs, reef fishes, sea whips, Gymnodium sp., and sea squirt.

Some of the shellfishes such as mudcrab ( Scylla serrata) and Naptunus

pelagicus are being cultivated and are exported to South East Asian countries

where it is considered a delicacy.

A large number of poisonous and venomous fishes are also predominantly

found on the Orissa coast, which are used for preparation of anti venoms etc.

They haveBehrampur University has expertise in marine biotechnology

expertise for culture of buffer fish which is a delicacy in Japan.

A few institutions in the country are engaged in identification of marine

organisms containing bioactive compounds. Central Institute of Fisheries Education,

Mumbai has been working on nutraceuticals and marine toxins; Central Marine

Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi is engaged in development of probiotics; Cochin

University of Science and Technology, Kochi has identified six strains of

Streptomyces as potent sources of anti vibrio molecules and four strains of marine

yeast as sources of single cell protein. The university has also reported extracellular

L-glutaminase production using marine bacteria. Microbial glutaminases gave found

applications in several fields including as therapeutic agents in the treatment of

cancer, in production of specialty chemicals such as threonine, as a flavor enhancing

agent in food industry and in hybridoma cultures.

ABL Biotechnologies Ltd., Chennai has successfully exploited marine

biotechnology on a commercial scale. ABL has isolated a new strain of marine algae

Dunaliella salina, considered to be one of the worlds richest sources of provitamin A,

beta carotene. It produces beta carotene four times as fast as any other known

strain

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In addition to setting up commercial units for production of bioactive

compounds, the state offers immense opportunities for companies capable of

undertaking contract research for identifying new bioactive compounds and

standardization of technologies for their large scale production.

6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

a. Biomining

Orissa being rich in minerals has attracted a number of mining and processing

industries to the state. The existing metallurgical processes are based on

chemical methods. These processes are unable to extract the metals from

low-grade ores cost effectively because of their low metal content and are

generally discarded in waste heaps, leading to environmental pollution. Bio-

mineral process technology uses specific types of microorganism for different

steps, which can extract these metals cost effectively and in eco-friendly

fashion from low-grade ores, concentrates and wastes. Bio-mineral

processing encompasses different component namely bio- leaching, bio-

beneficiation, bioremediation, strain improvement and process engineering.

Technologies for bioleaching of nickel, cobalt and chromium ores, recovery of

metal from various industrial wastes and residues (coal fly ash, lime sludge

etc.), removal of sulphur prior to processing of iron ore and production of

uranium are some of the biotechnologies that have been put to use

effectively,

Regional Research Laboratory (RRL), Bhubaneswar has developed and

commercialized a number of technologies in this area. Technologies for

bioleaching of nickel and cobalt from lateritic nickel ore and chromite

overburden using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus

fomigatus are being used at Sukinda in Orissa. Similarly bioleaching process

for manganese ore is being used at Joda, Orissa, .Biotechnologies for metal

recovery from various industrial wastes and residues (coal fly ash, lime sludge

etc.) are also under implementation.

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Newer process for different minerals can be developed and upscaled. These

technologies can be employed and by the existing industrial base in the state

for improving the efficiency of existing process.

b. Bioremediation and ecorestoration

Biotechnology interventions could be used in bioremediation of soil

contaminated with chemicals and ecorestoration of wastelands. Jatropha,

Pongamia, Salvadora species can be grown on wastelands for production of

biodiesel Pollution as well as pathogens can be monitored using biosensors.

Some of these applications could be useful to the existing industry in the State

such as paper and pulp, mining, textile and jute. Regional Research

laboratory, Bhubaneswar is involved in reclamation of chromite and graphite

mines through phytoremidiation. Biotechnology tools can be utilized for

characterization and ex situ conservation of biodiversity. Sambalpur University

has developed a unique technology for restoration of degraded soil.

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7. 5T A TE GOVERNMENT '5 BIOTECH POLICY

AND5UPPORT

The Orissa Government is in the process of finalizing the biotechnology

policy. The policy gives due emphasis to the development of all related areas in

biotechnology. The policy is comprehensive and covers promoting innovation in

R&D, development of industry by supporting infrastructural needs, and public private

partnership, manpower development and training, fiscal and other incentives, and

issues such as biosafety, bioethics & intellectual property rights all of which are

critical for fully harnessing the potential of biotechnology for economic progress.

In view of the uniqueness of rich bioresources in the state, the policy lays

emphasis on development of agricultural biotechnology (organic farming, plant tissue

culture, biofertilisers and biopesticides) aquaculture and marine biotechnology, and

medicinal plant extraction. Stress has also been laid on development of healthcare

through promotion of contract research manufacturing and clinical trials.

Due emphasis has been laid on development and strengthening of manpower

base in biotechnology and related areas such as bioinformatics, bioresources

management in biotechnology, biosafety, bioethics, IPR etc.

A number of fiscal and other incentives have been proposed to promote

comprehensive development of industry including quality production, IPR protection

and market expansion including exports. These include subsidies on capital

investment and interest, tax incentives, benefits in power and water tariffs and land

rates. Other key incentives include exclusive purchase by Government and setting

up a facility for single window clearance of biotech projects.

Establishment of quality infrastructure for incubation of technologies and

promotion of biotech industries by setting up one or more biotechnology parks.

53

To realize the goals s,et in the policy the State Government has constituted a

State Biotechnology Board (SBB) and a State Level Implementation Committee

(SLIC).

*****

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8. LOCA TIONS

The Government of Orissa, proposes to set up a biotechnology park and a

marine biotechnology park. The proposed site for the biotechnology park is at

Patrapada near Bhubaneshwar on the national highway. The site covering an

area of 74 acres, is approximately 7 kilometres from the airport and 10 kilometres

from the railway station It abuts the medicinal plants garden developed by the

State Forest Department,

The marine biotechnology park is proposed to be located at the

Chandrabhaga prawn hatchery, near Konark, Puri, over an area of approximately

22 acres. The hatchery has facilities for pumping and storing seawater,

disinfection, mixing with freshwater, draining and discharge, cemented tanks for

culture of prawn seeds, a PCR laboratory and facilities for culturing algae for

feed. Use of these facilities would expedite the pace of setting up of the park.

The location is cyclone prone and is more suitable for cultivation of microalgae.

Being close to Bhubaneshwar, both the sites provide unique advantages

for development and growth of biotechnology clusters in the state. Proximity to

the centres of higher learning and research in biotechnology such as Orissa

University of Agriculture Technology, Utkal University, Regional Reseach

Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Regional

Medical Research Centre and Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture would

provide the necessary linkages in the form of intellectual input from the faculty to

help the clients by way of consultancy, troubleshooting, and provision of expert

manpower on a short-term or long-term basis. Closeness to such centres would

also encourage faculty members, having an entrepreneurial leaning, to use the

incubation facilities in the park to try out their ideas having commercial potential

and to graduate into technocrat entrepreneurs. It would also facilitate sharing of

sophisticated process equipment and instrumentation.

55

The sites are well connected with respect to transport, communications,

supply of electricity and water. The airport, seaport, railway station and bus

station being close and well connected make these locations attractive to

potential clients.

Bhubaneswar, also provides access to reputed schools and colleges and

civic amenities of a high standard, such as housing, hospitals, recreation centres

and restaurants which are essential to attract talent and expertise in the park.

Access to government machinery in Bhubaneswar would be beneficial

for the clients in the park as well as to the park management for expeditious

statutory clearances

*****

BCIL 56

9. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE PROPOSED FORBIOTECH PARKS

9.1 INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY PARKS

The early Science and Technology Parks in the USA and Europe have been

developed and managed initially by a government organisation such as a university

or a research institution. Subsequently following the success of early parks, other

organisations such as national and state governments, regional development

agencies and private investors got encouraged to set up and manage the parks.

9.2 MANAGEMENT MODELS

Based on the global experiences, one of the following three models can be

considered for the park.

1

2

3

Wholly financed and managed by a state government agency.

Developed in collaboration with a private developer and managed as a

joint sector company.

Promoted and managed by a private developer.

Financed and managed bya government agency (as a division or

subsidiary)

In this model, the park will be managed directly by a suitable government

agency with all investment and management provided by the government

directly or indirectly.

Developed in collaboration with a private developer, as a joint sector

company

Under this model, the Government will induct a private partner, preferably a

real estate developer to form a joint sector company. Land may be allotted to

this company, the value of which as mutually agreed between the

Government and the private sector partner will be treated as the

57

Government's equity. Further development work will be financed by the equity

raised by the joint sector partner and other funds raised as loans, grants and

equity from other minority partners.

The development may be done at a pace matching the demand for the

developed facilities of land, laboratories, office space etc. Once the basic

facilities are set up, say by the second year, future development could be

financed substantially from internal generation by way of rentals for built up

space and sale of developed plots. The Government can recover its

investment by sharing of the revenues/profits in the form of dividends.

9.2.3 Promoted and managed by private developer

The private developer may acquire land from the Government by an outright

sale or on long term lease and take up all subsequent activities for developing

the land for a business enterprise zone, constructing the buildings for

technology incubator centre, pilot plant, common facilities etc., as per the

broad structure of biotech park as approved by the Government. In case of

sale, the land will be sold to the developer at market rates. However, as an

incentive to the private developer, the consideration may be treated as a self

loan and recovered over a period of 10-15 years along with a suitable element

of interest or royalty as mutually agreed. The State Government can assist the

private developer initially in developing the linkages, setting up single window

facility for statutory clearances and facilitation of regulatory approvals etc. , for

the benefit of the tenant companies. Under this arrangement, there would be

minimal need for funding the project by the Government except for making the

land available initially, the cost of which also will be recovered in due course.

9.3 INDIAN EXPERIENCE

In India, each of the following five parks which are operational at present

follow the following ownership and management structures.

BCIL 58

S.No.

1.

Park

Shapoorji Pallonji Biotech Park,

Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

Management structure

Joint venture between State

government and a real estate

developer

2. TICEL Biotech Park (TIDCO Centre forLife Sciences) Chennai, Tamil Nadu

State government undertaking

(TICEL Biopark Limited)

3. Lucknow Biotech Park, Lucknow,Ut tar Pradesh

Managed by a Society

4. KINFRA Biotech Park, Kochi, Kerala Initial development taken up byKerala Industrial Infrastructure

Development Corporation(KINFRA). A private partner hasbeen identified.

5 Karnataka Biotech Park, BangaloreKarnataka

Run by a society in collaborationwith a private agency to beidentified shortly

The strategy used for development of biotech parks by the leading states are

described below

Shapoorji Pallonji Biotech Park, Hyderabad,

The Government of Andhra Pradesh has set up a joint venture company

named as Shapoorji Pallonji Biotech Park Pvt. Ltd., (SPBPL) a leading

construction company in the Tata Group to develop and manage the park.

Shapoorji Pallonji has 89% and the State Government have 11% of equity

shares in the joint venture. SPBPL is headed by a CEO who is responsible

for management of the park and for sourcing of the tenants. The park is

collaborating with the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT),

Hyderabad, for setting up of a biotechnology preincubator in IICT and a

biotechnology incubator in the park.

59

Biotech Park, Bangalore, Karnataka

Karnataka Biotechnology and Information Technology Services (KBITS), an

autonomous society set up under the aegis of the Department of Information

Technology and Biotechnology, Government of Karnataka, is the nodal

agency for implementation of Biotech Park, Bangalore, Karnataka. The

KBITS assists the State Government in promotion and growth of information

technology and biotechnology and other knowledge based industries through

assistance in implementation of policies and programmes and creation of

necessary infrastructure. The Government had allotted 104 acres of land in

the Electronic City, Bangalore, for setting up the park. KBITS has taken

possession of the land owned by the Department of Information Technology

and Biotechnology and would develop the park on behalf of the department.

The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) has financially supported the setting

up of an incubator, common instrumentation facility, animal house, green

house and IPR facilitation cell.

The State Government proposes to set up the park under a public-private

partnership framework. The State Government's contribution is in the form of

land and preliminary project development activities. The State Government

has recently set up two institutions namely Institute of Bioinformatics and

Applied Biotechnology (IBAB) and Centre for Human Genetics (CHG) to

provide effective linkages and interaction among academia, R&D institutions

and industry. IBAB housed at International Technology Park, Bangalore,

aimed at imparting education and training in biotechnology, research and

entrepreneurship. CHG focuses on research on human genetics,

comparative genomics, stem cells, molecular cytogenetics, epigenetics etc.

The private partner would be responsible for setting up support infrastructure,

business centre and utilities, the cost of which would be recovered from the

clients over a period of time.

60

PROPOSED MODEL FOR ORISSA BIOTECH PARKS

The development of the Orissa parks could be initiated by a suitable

government agency probably through a cell (with the minimum number of expert

manpower initially)/division earmarked for the Biotech park. Meanwhile, steps may

be taken to identify a private partner for further development and management of the

park as a joint venture, assisted unit or a private venture.

*****

61

10. FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Presently there is only one dedicated financial scheme for supporting

biotechnology park which is administered by the Department of Biotechnology.

Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), a society under the Ministry of

Communications and Information Technology, Government of India, has recently

been identified as a nodal agency for implementation of Bio-IT Park project.

In addition, financial support is available from the Department of Science &

Technology for setting up Technology Business Incubators (TBI) and Science and

Technology Entrepreneurs' Parks (STEP).

The criteria for eligibility of the host institute, the components in the park

eligible for financial support and the nature of funds for the above schemes are

summarized is below:

Biotechnology Parka.

The funds are administered by the Department of Biotechnology. The fund

can be extended to private industry or public-private partnerships in the form

of grant upto 30% of the total cost or upto 49% in the form of equity.

The funds could be utilized for establishing incubators, fermentation units,

GLP/GMP facilities, specialized equipments, greenhouses, networking and

data connectivity etc. To the extent possible, the promoter would use existing

facilities of R&D of academic, industrial and Institutional through networking.

The scheme expects that the revenue from services rendered, lease rent etc.

would be ploughed back into the Park/incubators/facilities to achieve

sustainability

BCIL 62

b. BIO-IT park

The proposed Bio-IT park would be a joint venture between the STPI, State

Government and Private Partner(s). The role of the stakeholders is as follows:

1 Identified State Government will be an equity partner in the SPV to the

extent of the value of land and other basic infrastructure provided by it to

the Park.

2 STPI will act as an enabler and facilitator for the development of the Park.

It will also have a minority stake in the equity capital of the SPV, based on

the mutually agreed financial parameters.

3 The Private Partner(s) will retain the majority stake as well as

management control. They will have to raise funds and manage the

Project.

4 Government of India through its agencies Department of Information

Technology (DIT) (Ministry of Communications and Information

Technology) and Department of Biotechnology, (Ministry of Science and

Technology) will fund the development of the identified specialized

infrastructure in the proposed service block of the park to the extent of Rs.

30-35 crores.

The park is proposed to be developed on a public-private partnership model

and would serve as a dedicated industrial cluster conjoining life sciences

research with state-of-the-art computer science. The park will primarily

promote human health related R&D activities in all the major segments of

computational biology. Initially, the park will focus on the seven areas namely,

bioinformatics, cheminformatics, pharmacogenomics, clinical informatics,

molecular modelling, bio engineering and bio simulations.

The categories under which the tenants can be classified are drug discovery

companies, pharmaceutical industry , pure play bio-IT companies,

biotechnology companies focusing on human health, IT companies with focus

on life sciences/healthcare, service providers to life sciences industry .The

BCIL 63

facilities and infrastructure at the Park would be designed keeping in mind the

specialized and common requirements of these companies.

Kolkata is one of the six potential locations identified for development of the

Bio-IT Park in the country.

c. Technology Business Incubators (TBI)

The TBI scheme is operated by the National Science and Technology

Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB) set up under the aegis of

the Department of Science and Technology (DST).

The host institute (HI) eligible for setting up TBI should have good track record

of R&D expertise, commercialization of R&D output, dedicated team of

scientists and availability of research infrastructure and facilities.

The host institute has to provide the land and building for the TBI. DST

provides funding support for setting up of modern workstations,.

Communication facilities, computing facilities, vital equipments, library and

information centre, training and conference facilities.

As far legal status, the TBI could be a registered society or a division of the

host institute enjoying independent administrative and financial status. The

affairs of TBI should be managed by an Advisory Board.

d. Science and Technology Entrepreneurs' Park (STEP)

The STEP programme is also administered by the NSTEDB under the DST

for promoting entrepreneurship among the scientists. The funds are available

for providing R&D support to small scale industry and for promoting innovation

based enterprises.

The facilities eligible for funding include nursery sheds, testing facilities,

business facilitation centres, computing, databank, library and documentation,

BCIL 64

communication facilities, common facilities such as phone, fax, photocopies

training facilities, quality assurance services, common utility services etc.

e. Incentives

Government is considering the request of a few existing biotech parks for

according them the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) status which will provide

the tenant units in the park with the following incentives:

The units may import or procure from the domestic sources, all their

requirements of capital goods, raw materials, consumables etc. duty free

without any licence or specific approval.

2 Importldomestic procurement of goods exemption from Custom/Excise

duty.

3. Reimbursement of central Sales Tax paid on domestic purchases

Units are eligible for a corporate tax holiday upto 2010.4

5. Part of production or production process may be undertaken in the

domestic area by SEZ units.

6. SEZ units may also sub-contract part of their production process abroad

7 100% foreign direct investment is freely allowed in manufacturing sector in

SEZ units under automatic route.

8. Goods imported/procured locally duty free could be utilized over the

approval period of 5 years.

9 Customs services available in the zone to SEZ units at no extra charge.

*****

65BCIL

11. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Orissa has many attributes favourable for development of biotechnology industry

The major ones are as follows

1 It has rich natural resources based on a diversity of flora and fauna

resulting from the diverse agroclimatic zones, long coastline and large fresh

and brackish water bodies

2 A wide variety of commercial crops are cultivated which lend themselves for

improvement by biotechnology interventions. Examples of such

interventions are application of biofertilizers for soil fertility; biopesticides for

environment friendly integrated pest management; genetic modification to

produce golden rice; tissue culture for horticulture, floriculture and medicinal

plants,

~ The abundance of fresh and brackish water bodies inland as well as in

coastal areas, enable culture of a variety of species of fish, shrimp, prawns

and aquaculture. Utilization of the rich marine organisms, present in the

mangroves in the Bhitarkanika for isolation of highly value added pigments

and compounds having unique medicinal applications is another area.

Modification of the through biotechnologyorganisms can Increase

productivity in aquaculture and enhancement of the content of useful

components in marine organisms.

4 From the basic industrial infrastructure point of view, Orissa offers adequate

support for any industry. It is a power surplus State. Land is available at

locations well connected by road, rail, air and also has access to port. Both

the location are in the proximately of major cities of Bhubaneswar and Puri

which provides excellent civic infrastructure such as schools and colleges,

hospitals and recreation facilities. These locations can attract and retain the

BCIL 66

highly skilled manpower required for a knowledge based industry such as

biotechnology.

5, Orissa has a geographical advantage being surrounded by the Jharkhand,

West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh and can service the

demand for products such as agri products and practices (e.g. organic

farming, tissue culture), diagnostics and therapeutics

6 Orissa can also cater to the requirements of the eastern SMRC countries

and the North East States through West Bengal, It can also cater to the

requirements of South East Asian and Pacific rim countries either through

the international airport at Kolkata or through its two ports at Paradeep and

Gopalpur.

7 The State houses a number of universities and centres of higher learning,

which are sources of highly accomplished and skilled manpower at the post

graduate and doctoral levels in life sciences, which is essential to develop

biotech products and processes and to man biotech industries. These

Orissa University forinclude Utkal University, Behrampur University,

Agriculture and Technology and Sambalpur University

8. Research Institutes and Universities such as Central Institute of Freshwater

Aquaculture, Central Rice Research Institute, Institute of Life Sciences,

Regional Medical Research Centre, Regional Plant Resource Centre

Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, and Utkal University are

engaged in high quality research in various areas of biotechnology such as

micropropagation, transgenic plants, clinical trials, medicinal plant

extraction, diagnostics and drug designing and delivery, and biomining. A

few technologies developed by them have been commercialized and many

more are in the pipeline.

67BCIL

9, With their exposure to biotechnology commercialization the scientists in the

research institutes and the faculty in the centres of higher learning can

provide assistance to biotech units through consultancy. They could also

develop into bioentrepreneurs in an environment of strong government

policy support, availability of technology incubation facilities at affordable

cost and venture capital support,

10. The State has a well established industrial culture, although primarily in the

engineering sector. The State also has a strong industrial base in agro and

food processing, mining and paper pulp. Information technology sectors

which would provide the required synergies for development of biotech units

in the State, is also developing very fast.

11 A draft biotechnology policy announced by the State Government is very

comprehensive and provides for facilities and incentives for supporting the

development of biotech industry in the State including strengthening the

technology base, facilitating networking with research institutes and

universities, setting up of biotech parks, strengthening of skilled manpower

base and providing financial support and incentives to biotech units in the

State.

12 For facilitation of accelerated development of technologies and their

commercialization, recommended that biotechnology parksit is

biotechnology incubators, common facilities and provision for a few

commercial units may be set up, drawing support from universities and

research institutes for technical expertise of the faculty and sharing of

sophisticated information and equipment. Two sites have been identified

one for biotechnology at Patrapada and other for marine biotechnology park

at chandrabhaga near Konark. From the criteria of physical and social

infrastructure, connectivity and networking with centres of higher learning

and research, availability of skilled manpower and proximity to the

BCIL 68

administrative departments connected with development of knowledge

based industries, both locations are suitable for the activity.

*****

BCIL 69

ANNEX 1: QUESTIONNAIRES FOR RESEARCH INSTITUTES/UNIVERSITIES,INDUSTRIES AND GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS

SETTING UP OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PARKS IN ORISSA:INPUTS FROM RESEARCH INSTITUTES/UNIVERSITIES

REQUEST FOR

A. About the Institution/Department

1. Name of the Institution/Department:

2. Name & Designation of contact person

3. Address

4. T elephone/fax/email/website

B. Inputs for Orissa biotechnology parks

1 Viable products/projects

2 Suggested locations for setting up the parks

3. Facilities to be incorporated in the parks for promoting the above

Infrastructural facilities for example:a. Pre-constructed laboratory modules

b, Developed industrial plots

c

d,

e,

Pilot plant facility for scale up

Central instrumentation/analytical laboratory

Common equipment facility (e.g., fermentation, down stream processing,

animal and plant tissue culture, animal house etc.)

f Any other (please specify)

(Contd.)

Common facilities

a. Water

ii

b. Power

Steamc.

d, Common effluent treatment plant

Others (please specify)e.

iii Consultancy servicesa. Technology sourcing / development / transfer

b. Fund sourcing

Marketing assistancec.

d, Facilitation of regulatory approvals

e. Registration of products

f. Clinical trials

Others (please specify)9

4. Areas in which your institute can help entrepreneurs in the biotechnology

parks

Transfer of technology (kindly mention technologies ready for transfer, theircommercial applications and scale of development e.g., lab/pilot scale),available at the institute; technologies transferred / commercialized so far, ifany.

BCIL Al.2

(Contd.)

Making available facilities/expertise on a fee (please tick the relevant items),ii.

D

DDD

Cloning and expression D DNA Sequencing D Oligo synthesis

Animal tissue culture D Fermentation (lab, pilot)

Downstream processing D Plant tissue culture

Peptide synthesis D DNA fingerprinting

Spectrophotometry (NMR, CD, Mass)D Hybridoma technology

Purification (lab scale -HPLC/FPLC/lon exchange/Affinity chromatography)

D

D

D Others (Please specify)

Providing consultancy for technical advise, trouble shooting, technologydevelopment, scale-up, field trial etc., (Kindly specify the areas and natureof consultancy)

iii.

Providing specialized manpower (Kindly specify the various biotechprogrammes operational in the organization e.g., Postgraduate and Postdoctoral programmes in biotech and related subjects e.g., microbiology,molecular biology, life sciences etc; any specialized training programmes

etc.)

iv

c. National and international linkages to be established by the park forfacilitating commercial biotechnology activities.

D. Contact details of other resource persons/organizations/companies in theregion who could be consulted for inputs on their expectations from the

parks.

E. Any other point that you would like us to consider for structuring the park

Al.3BCIL

(Contd.)

SETTING UP OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PARKS IN ORISSA: REQUEST FORINPUTS FROM INDUSTRY

A. About the organization:

1. Name of the organization

2. Name & Designation of the contact person

3. Address

4. Telephone/fax/email/website

5. Status (Public limited, private limited, partnership, others

6. Nature of biotechnology activities

B. Inputs on Orissa biotechnology parks:

a Viable products/projects

b. Suitable locations for setting up the parks

c. Would your company be interested in locating unit(s) in the parks or use itsfacilities? If yes, please specify the areas and nature of requirements

d For each of the suggested areas, please mention the facilities expected inthe parks

Infrastructure facilities (Please specify minimum area required in sq.ft.),for example:

a. Pre-constructed laboratory/factory modules

A 4

b.

c.

d

e

f .

Developed industrial plots

Pilot plants for scale up / pre-commercial production facilities

Central instrumentation/analytical laboratory (Please specify the

major instruments)

Common equipment facility (e.g., fermentation, down stream

processing, animal and plant tissue culture, medicinal plant extraction

etc.)

Animal house (specify the desired standards)

g. Green house

h. Anyother

ii , Services required

a. Quality assurance

b. DNA sequencing/synthesis, peptide sequencing/synthesis

c. Any other (please specify)

iii Common facilities

-Water

Power

Steam

Common effluent treatment plant

Bonded warehouse

Others (please specify)

Consultancy servicesiv.

Technology sourcing / development / transfer

Fund sourcing

Marketing assistance

Facilitation of regulatory approvals

BCIL Al.5

Clinical trials ,

Others (please specify)

c. Areas in which your organization can help/have synergy withentrepreneurs, universities and research institutions participating inthe biotechnology parks

Extending technical and marketing guidance/consultancya,

b Promoting ancillary units

Contract productionc.

d Others (please specify)

D. National and international linkages to be established by the parks forfacilitating commercial biotechnology activities.

E. Contact details of other resource persons/organizations/companies inthe region who could be consulted for inputs on their expectations fromthe parks.

Any other point that you would like us to consider for structuring the parkF.

Al.6BCIL

(Contd.)

1C. SETTING UP OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PARKS IN ORISSA:REQUEST FOR INPUTS FROM GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS

A. About the Department

1. Name of the Department:

2. Name & Designation of contact person

3. Address

4. Telephone/faxlemail/website'

B. Inputs for Orissa biotechnology parks

1 Key resources and present status of their utilization

2 Major programmes for promoting commercializationproducts/processes and their salient features

of biotech

Nature of incentives extendeda

Specialized facilities set up, if anyb

BCIL A 7

c, Impact of programme in terms of:

Improved utilization of resources

ii. Entrepreneurship development

Market development

Any otherIV.

3. Areas in which the Department could help entrepreneurs in the park

a, Access to specialized infrastructure

b. Access to markets

Financial assistancec

d Subsidy on product costlland cost etc

Specialized training programmee.

f. Any other (Please specify)

BCIL 8A

ANNEX 2: RESOURCE PERSONS MET FOR ORISSA BIOTECH PARK

A. UNIVERSITIES

Persons ContactedS.No. University

1 Behrampur University, Behrampur Dr. 5.5. KhoraResearcher -Ocean ScienceTechnology Cell

2 Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi

Dr. Ut tam Kumar Pati

Chairman

Centre for Biotechnology

Prof. Santosh KarCentre for Biotechnology

3 Orissa University of Agriculture &Technology, Bhubaneswar

Dr. Dayanidhi Mahopatra

Head

Department of Agricultural Biotech

Biotechnology Laboratory

Dr. K. Karuna Sree

Assistant Professor

Department of Bioinformatics

Mrs. S.M. Mohapatra

Assistant Professor

P.G. Microbiology

4 Sambalpur University, Sambalpur Dr. B.K. Senapati

Professor & Head

School of Life Sciences

Dr. Dinabandhu Sahoo

Associate Professor

Department of Botany

University of Delhi, New Delhi5

6. Utkal University, Bhubneswar Dr. G.B.N. Chainy

Head

P.G. Department of Biotechnology

Dr. Siba Prasad AdhikaryReaderPoGo Department of Biotechnology

BCIL A2.1

(Contd.)B. RESEARCH INSTITUTES

Persons Contacted

1 Dr. N. SarangiDirector

Central Institute of FreshwaterAquaculture, Bhubaneswar

Dr. P. DasSenior Scientist

2 Central Rice Research Institute,

Cut tack

Dr. G.J.N. Rao

Principal Scientist & Head

(Crop Improvement)

3 Institute of Life SciencesBhubaneswar

Prof P .C. Supakar

Director I/C

Dr. S.K. DasLecturer

I Dr. s.c. SabatProfessor

Indian Institute of Technology

Kharagpur

Prof. S.K. Dubey

Director

4.

Dr. B.C. Ghosh

Head,Department of Food Agriculture

and Food Engineering

Dr. Satyahari Dey,HeadDepartment of Biotechnology

Prof. Partha P. Chakrabarti

Prof. Department of CSE

Prof.-ln-ChargeAdv. VLSI

Prof. Rintu Banerjee

Downstream Processing, Microbial

Biotechnology,Department of Agricultural andFood Engineering

1 I

Prof. Amit Kumar DasStructural BiologyDepartment of Biotechnology

BCIl A2.2

(Contd.)

S.No. Research Institutes Persons Contacted

Indian Institute of Technology,

Kharagpur

Dr. Sudip Kumar Ghosh

Immunology and Molecular

BiologyDepartment of Biotechnology

Prof. P. PramanikSolid State Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

Prof. Amit Basak

Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry

Dr. Tanmaya Pathak

Associate ProfessorCarbohydrate and Nucleoside

ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry

Dr. Das Gupta Swagata

Assistant ProfessorProtein Chemistry, ProteinStructure Analysis,Department of Chemistry

5 Regional Medical Research Centre,Bhubaneswar

Dr. S.K. KarDirector

Dr. R.S. BalgirDeputy Director

Dr. M.R. RanjitSenior Research Officer

Dr. M.K. BeuriaSenior Research Officer

6 Regional Plant Resource Centre,Bhubaneswar

Dr. G.R. RoutSenior Scientist

7 Dr. P.S. MukherjeeDeputy Director

Regional Research Laboratory,Bhubaneswar

Dr. 5.8. 5ahooSenior Scientist

BCIL A2.3

(Contd.)c. INDUSTRY

Persons contactedS.No. Industry

Abl Biotechnologies Ltd., Chennai Dr. T. Ajith Kumar

General Manaaer

1

2 E.I.D. Parry (India) Ltd Dr. 5.5. Pillai

Vice President (BioDroducts)

Expo Biotech Limited, Rayagada Shri S. Panda

Director

1

Imgenex Biotech Pvt. Ltd.,Bhubaneswar

I Shri N.P. Rout

Scientist

2

3 J.K. Paper Limited, Rayagada Shri A.K. Sarda

Vice Chairman. Plantation

Shri S. Adhikari

~qJ!!Q Director

4 Kalinga Plant Resource Centre,Bhubaneswar

D. GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES

Persons ContactedS.No. Name of the department

Shri H.S. Chhahar

Principal Secretary

1 Agriculture Department,Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar

Dr. L.N. DasDeputy Director- Horticulture

Ms. Ranjana ChopraDirector

Shri U.N. BeheraJoint Secretary

2 Department of Biotechnology,Government of India

Dr. B.S. DasFormer Advisor

Shri G.C. Pati

Secretary

Industries Department,Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar

3.

Shri D.P. MohapatraAdditional Secretary

Shri N.B. DhalDirector

I 1

A2.4BCIL

(Contd.)

*****

BCIL A2.5