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5PONS AGENCYPUB DATECONTRACTNOTEAVAILABLE FROM

EBBS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

IDENTIFIERS

ABSTRACT

DOCUMENT RESONE

PL 011 890

Public Iuformaion Materials for LanguageMinorities.National Criminal Justice reference Service,Rockville, Md.Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.BO

J-LEAA-023-7127p_

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402 (No. 022-003-90789-1,$.35): National Criminal Justice Reference Service,GIP Program, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20350 (singlecopies free)

MF01/ECO2 Plus Postage.*Civil Rights: *Criminal Law: *Information Sources.*Minority Groups: *Non English SpeakingLaw Enforcement Assistance Administration

Fourteen programs that provide civil rights andcriminal justice information to non-English speakers are described.The services provided by each program are summarized and a contactaddress is provided. The programs are located in Albany, New York:Chester County, Pennsylvania: Rockville, Maryland: Dade County,Florida: Lansing, Michigan: Laredo, Texas: Los Angeles, California;Montgomery County, Maryland: New York, New York; Prince George'sCounty, Maryland: San Diego County, California: Santa Clara County,California: Tallahassee, Florida: and Worcester, Massachusetts- Alist of the names of other current 7rograms for language-minoritygroups that are funded through the Justice Department's LawEnforcement Assistance Administration Discretionary Grant Program isincluded- A short bibliography is appended. (JB)

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:1 publication of theNational Institute or Justice

National institute of Ju.Harry Ni lirattmr Virrt 111t'

This General Information Pomp Idet has been prepared by the NationalCliminal Justice Reference Service, an intemational clearinghouse of in-fon-nation on law enforcement and criminal justice sponsored by the Na.tional Institute of Justice. a research center of the U. S. Department ofJustice. NCJ RS is operated ;,..-01 administeredby Aspen Systems Corpoi

for the National Institute under contract number J-LEAA-023-77.Opinions stated in this pamphlet do not necessarily represent the officialposition or policies of the U. S. Department ofJustice.

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Public inforniatiori MaterI Lfor Language Minorities

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Law enforcement agencies in communities with non-English-speaking minorities face special challenges.The incident described above illustrates one aspectof the difficulties involved in providing police ser-vice to a community when there is a language barrier.

At the most basic level, non-English speakers maybe unaware of law enforcement agencies and how theyserve the public. Public information programs con-ducted on an ongoing basis transmit such informationand facilitate interaction between Police and citi-zens when the need for service arises.

19%(1

Public information programs also contribute tocommunity acceptance by answering frequently askedquestions or by highlighting programs directed to aspecific group within the community. Use of suchprograms by law enforcement and criminal justiceagencies is fairly widespread. However, even thebest efforts may fail to inform the public if thecommunity includes residents who are not fluent inEnglish.

This pamphlet describes the special informationneeds of an important segment of our population--those with limited knowledge of English--and illus-trates how selected criminal justice agencies haveresponded to these needs.

The Problem

Those who do ridot speak English fluently tend toisolated from the nation's social, political,econoic, and legal mainstream. This isolationcreates a dual problem: For the minority person itfosters ignorance, poverty, and failure to takeadvantage of available community services. For thecriminal justice agency, it can lead to prejudice,intolerance, and poor service delivery because ofinability to communicate and to secure cooperationfrom non - English- speaking? persons.

Everyone experiences frustrations when he or shedoesn't know where to turn for help. The problem isespecially severe when there is a language barrier.Now, however, non-English-speakers are recognized as

disadvantaged in their contacts with the justice sys-tem. Some criminal justice agencies have begun spe-cial programs to improve service to these segments ofthe population by providing useful and necessaryinformation in languages other than English.

This information can be provided at various stagesof the criminal justice process, or even before thereis a need for interaction with criminal justiceagencies. For example, there are many basic individ-ual and community actions that can deter or preventsome crimes, and information about them should bereadily accessible to everyone. It is crucial thatall segments of the community understand whichactions are illegal and how to report such criminalacts. Further, everyone should understand the rea-sons for police intervention and be aware of an indi-vidual'c rights in such a situation.

In the courts, the language problem becomes mostacute. Many States do not require the appointment ofan interpreter, leaving the non-English-speakingdefendant at a distinct disadvantage. Lack of com-munication among the defendant, the counsel, the wit-nesses, and the prosecution leads to frustration and,at times, resolution of the case to the defendant'sdisadvantage.

In the correctional setting, the non-English-speaker faces another set of frustrations: diagnos-tic intake interviews and tests, rules andregulations, educational and training programs, etc.,are all in English. Bilingual programs in correc-tional settings would ensure that all inmates haveequal opportunities for programs, including access toparole.

Surmounting the Barrier

Many operational programs inform languageminori-ties about crime prevention and juvenile delinquencyprevention. These programs include workshops andseminars, radio and television announcements, hot-lines and emergency-aid telephone numbers, referralservices, and public information brochures. Bro-chures are most commonly used they are easy to referto and they can be developed, pr lured, and distri-buted at low cost.

How To

Before developing public information programs forlanguage minorities, it is essential to become fami-liar with the target population. These guidelinesmay help:

Survey the community to determine whether thereare communication barriers.

Learn about cultural differences --to avoid poten-tial misunderstandings.

Know the country of origin represented by thegroup--differences in dialects can be importantin getting your message out.

Keep the text short and easy to read--a broad sub-jest is best treated in a series of pamphlets, notone large publication.

Use examples and photographs relevant to the audi-enceyour message will be more meaningful.

Sources of Help

The National Council of La Raze (Suite 210, 1725Eye Street NW., Washington, DC 20006; 202/293-4680),a public interest/advocacy group for Hispanics, pro-vides information and referrals to Hispanics andthose who are interested in helping them.

The National Criminal Justice Reference Service(NCJHS) is a centralized resource of criminal jus-tice information sponsored by the National Instituteof Justice. Through its Share Package Program, NCJRScollects public information materials prepared byorganizations all over the country and circulatesthem to interested law enforcement agencies and citi-zen action groups. You can borrow brochures, pamph7lets, newsletters, program plans, etc., and builtyour own public information program with the benefitof the experience and success of other communities.

This pamphlet of public information programs isbased on materials in the NCJRS Share Package files.The addresses of the programs described are includedfor your convenience.

Albany, New York

In 1975, the New York Crime Victims CompensationBoard expanded its program to provide better ser-vice to the State's Spanish-speaking population. Abrochure was developed in Spanish to explain eligi-bility for victim compensation, what the benefitsare, and how to file a claim; a sample claim form isalso included.

The Compensation Board employs a designated Spanish-speaking investigator, but many on the staff arebilingual. Interpreters aid victims in filing theinitial claim and in gathering additional data forany supplemental forms.

The pamphlet is distributed through local policedepartments to victims of violent crimes. In addi-tion, public service announcements are broadcast onmajor television stations and on over 250 local radiostations highlighting the victim compensation programand the availability of printed information. Althoughthese announcements are broadcast in English, theboard will respond in Spanish to queries they gene-rate. The program also will make speakers availableto groups serving the Spanish-speaking community.

New York State Crime Victims Compensation Board875 Central AvenueAlbany, NY 12206(518) 457-4060

Es Usted Una Victima Inocente de 011 Crimen Violen-to? (Are You an Innocent Victim of a ViolentCrime?)

1111111.1k

Chester County, Pennsylvania

Chester County has toe largest Hispanic population inPennsylvania outside of Philadelphia. The Hispanicpopulation cuts across a spectrum (3 educational andeconomic backgrounds and reedes a Ooth urban andrural areas.

A brochure desc'.7ibing the victim/witness programoperated by the district attorney's affice was trans-lated into Spanish et the :suggestion of the policelegal coordinator. It represents a conscious effortto reach out to the Spanish-seaking community and tosensitize the entire community to the needs of theSpanish-speaking population. Many clime victims whoare illegal aliens are too afraid of being deportedto report crimes committed against them; internalpolicy at the district attorney's ofLce has been toignore the immigration status of rictims unlesspushed by the immigration authorities.

The brochure--in both English and Spasish--was pro-moted using press releases to draw cAblic attentionto the program and to the availability of bilingualbrochures. Copies of the wmphlet were widely dis-tributed throughout the country and to districtattorneys' offices throughout the State.

Chester County CourthouseDistrict Attorney's OfficeAttn: Police Legal CoordinatorWest Chester, PA 19380(215) 431-6440

Ayuda Para Victi ms y Testigos - Assistance forVictim-Witnesses

7

Crime Prevention Coalitir

Thirty-one national organizations have bandedtogether into the Crime Prevention Coalition. Thecoalition has undertaken a campaign to alert indivi-duals to crime prevention and self-help activities.One of the first products is a 22.-pge brochureproduced by the Law Enforcement AsstDr.ce Adminis-tration as part of the national efJort. Thebrochure contains practical suggestions for pro-tection against burglary, rape, arson, and othercrimes. Attractively illustrated, the brochure alsosuggests neighborhood activities, details crimereporting procedures, and offers additional crimeprevention information.

Crime Prevention CoalitionBox 6700Rockville, MD 20850

Dispone de us minute? Usted puede detener

un crime (Got a minute? You could stop a crime)

Dade County, Florida

Dade County, which includes the city of Miami, has anextremely large Spanish-speaking population. Thecounty also has other minority groups that speak noEnglish at all. Bilingual programs became a neces-sity for reaching a large portion of the publicserved by the police department. The programs devel-oped to aid the non-English-speaking within thecounty were undertaken to help educate the people incrime prevention techniques. Basic law-related factsand services available to the public were explained.Information and services are now available in anylanguage for which a definite need can be demon-strated.

Bilingual printed materials are available on the fol-lowing topics: citizen complaints, citizen rights,crime prevention, and the elderly. Seminars and pre-sentations to citizen and community groups are alsosponsored by the police department. Bilingual bro-chures play an important role for the presentationsgiven in Spanish. In the past, while the presenta-tions were well received, lack of Spanish - languagematerials detracted from the goal of improvingpolice-community relations. The police departmentalso sponsors announcements in local newspapers andon radio and television stations.

The bilingual materials are disseminated by thepolice department, citizens' groups, governmentagencies, libraries, and doctors' offices--in short,most locations where the public would notice them.

Dade County Department of Public SafetyCommunity Services Section1320 NW 14th StreetMiami, Ft. 33125(305) 547-7435)

Brochures available in Spanish and English on thefollowing topics: citizen complaints, rights ofcitizens, the elderly, and crime prevention. Bro-chures in Spanish are on two reading levels.

1

Lamb*, MaimThe Lansing Human Relations Committee publishes mostof its information brochures in both Spanish andEnglish because most of Lansing's Spanish populationis not fluent in English. The Human Relations Com-mittee is concerned with human relations, contractcompliance, affirmative action, and field representa-tion.

On the Committee's staff is a translater who helpsclients not fluent in English. The translator willalso assist agencies or individuals in communicatinginformation to the public on many matters. The com-mittee prefers to handle most matters itself; if areferral is necessary, the staff makes the initialcontact rather than merely sending the client. Thecommittee also assists people with immigration ques-tions. Another service provided is the publicationof a guide to community services. A liaison officerfrom the police department is assigned to workdirectly with the Human Relations Committee in anymatter concerning the police that is brought to thestaff's attention. Additionally, a Mayor-PoliceAdvisory Committee keeps the community informed aboutavailable services.

The informational materials developed by the HumanRelations Department are distributed through com-munity organizations, community meetings, volunteers,community-based agencies, and the neighborhood andcity-operated community centers.

City of LansingHuman Relations Department7th Floor, City HallLansing, MI 48933(517) 487 -i'050

o Procedure for Processing Complaints HumanRelations Committee, Lansing, Mich.

Sus Derechos Cuando listed Sea Arrestado (YourRights When You Are Arrested)

Laredo, Texas

The National Resource Center on Child Abuse andNeglect of Mexican-American Migrants is a 3-yeardemonstration project funded by the National ResourceCenter on Child Abuse and Neglect. The purpose ofthe project is to serve as a resource center on childabuse for the Mexican-American migrant worker.

The materials published by the center are in Spanish,on two reading levels, and in English. Copies aredistributed directly to migrant parents and otherrequestors, during presentations to community groups,and through social agencies and workers. A manual inEnglish on the proceedings, of a conference on childabuse is also available.

In addition to providing printed matter, the resourcecenter makes local site visits to conduct workshopsand give presentations. This service is available ona first-come-first-served basis and is free, althoughthe requesting agency or group may be asked to helpdefray expenses.

National Resource Center on Child Abuse and Neglectof Mexican-American MigrantsP.O. Box 917Laredo, TX 78040(512) 722-5174

(Due Es Child Abuse (Abuso de Ninos)? y Neglect(Descuido de Ninos) (What is Child Abuse andNeglect?)

Los Angeles, California

When the Crime Prevention Unit of the CaliforniaDepartment of Justice came into existence 6 or 7years ago, it immediately began producing publicinformation brochures "to spread the word" on crimeand crime prevention. Brochures on consumer protec-tion, commercial protection, commercial security,drug abuse, domestic violence, courts and correc-tions, and juvenile justice were produced in Englishfor use at community workshops. In response to arequest from the Los Angeles office, the pamphlet onconsumer protction, the first major topic developedby the unit, was translated into Spanish for use in alocal senior citizens' program. The program was veryfavorably received by the community, and the CrimePrevention Unit recoied many letters of thanks formaking tti.ts information available. In addition, thebrochure made agencies serving seniors aware of thespecial needs of this group. The Crime PreventionUnit has also developed a film on consumer protectionentitled "En Guardio" which may be purchased by anyagency nationwide. Although Proposition 13 inter-fered with the department's plan to translate allEnglish brochures into Spanish, community workshopsare still sponsored.

California Department of JusticeCrime Prevention UnitRoom 203217 W. First StreetLos Angeles, CA 90012(213) 716-2372

En Guardia: Una Guie Para El ConsumidorGuard: A Guide for the Consumer)

Montgomery County, Maryland

Montgomery County has a Spanish-speaking populationof about 30,000. Until recently, only one officerin the county police department was fluent inSpanish, while a large proportion of the Spanish-speaking population was not fluent in English. Policerelations with the Spanish-speaking population werebleak until the Montgomery County Police Departmentinitiated several activities. Additional policeofficers have become conversant in Spanish, especial-ly officers who patrol Hispanic neighborhoods. Meet-ings were held between police officers and communityrepresentatives to settle differences and to fosteran increased understanding of each other. The offi-cers patrol these neighborhoods on foot in order toknow the people they are serving on a more personalbasis and, in turn, to become more visible. Aninterpreter is now available around the clock for thecounty's 911 emergency telephone service.

As a result of the high burglary rate in the Latinocommunities, a booklet on burglary prevention vasprepared in Spanish and distributed throughout thecounty. These brochures are also made availablethrough community groups and business organizations.Security surveys of both residential and commercialproperties are available to the public.

Classes on law enforcement, burglary prevention, andsexual assault are also offered to county residentsby the County Board of Education in cooperation withthe police department.

Montgomery County Police DepartmentCrime Prevention2350 Research Blvd.Gaithersburg, MD 20760(301) 840-2585 Karen McNally

Precauciones Contra El Hobo: La Mejor PolizaDe Seguro Para Su Casa (Burglary Prevention:Your Best Home Insurance)

13

New York City

The Fund for Modern Courts, located in New York City,is an organization interested in restructuring thejudicial system. It is involved in court-monitoringprojects and in setting up information booths locatedin court houses.

A recently printed brochure, The Family Court andYou, explains procedures in the TEETWt5TRITTiTlTiTIt was developed in English and in a bilingual Span-ish and English edition. Although the booklet isgeared to the family court system in New York State,it may be and has been used as a prototype by courtadministrators in other states.

The booklet was developed in response ',c) the mostfrequently asked questions at court informationbooths. Although many of the staff were bilingual,they felt the availability of printed materials wouldenhance and reinforce the service they were providingverbally to the public.

The brochure is distributed at the information boothsand also in response to requests from civic groupsand agencies dealing with family courts. This publi-cation is the most popular of the group's publica-tions. The Fund suggests that community groups andagencies planning to distribute this pamphlet add aseparate sheet with 1 al telephone numbers. A simi-lar booklet on the cr final court system is planned.

Fund for Modern Courts,_ Inc.36 West 44th StreetNew York, NY 10036

La Corte De Familra y Usted - The Family Courtand You

Prince George's County, Maryland

The Prince George's County police department has onlythree bilingual officers to communicate with a largeinflux of Spanish-speaking people into the countyfrom neighboring Montgomery County and the Districtof Columbia. The need for a program to improve relax

tions between the Hispanic population and the policedepartment became self-evident.

In 5anuary 1979, with a small grant from theGovernor's Commission on Law Enforcement and Admini-stration of Justice, the department initiated a"Cooperative Communication" program to help thecounty's Spanish-speaking people.

Staffing for the project is limited to one full-timebilingual police officer and two part-time bilingualHispanic civilians who serve as a liaison to the His-panic community. The aim of the project is to letpeople know that the police department is both will-ing and able to help them in any way it can. Activ-ities include referrals, information, and assistance,and are not limited to traditional police concerns.In many cases, a member of the staff acts as anintermediary between the Spanish-speaking person andanother agency or individual if there is a languagebarrier as well as a problem. The budget does notallow for printed brochures; however, materials havebeen reproduced on a photocopier and distributed.Films are shown, even if only an English-languageversion is available; a question-and-answer period,conducted in Spanish, follows all films. Moreover,the department gives presentations on various topics,aids the community in implementing "Operation Identi-fication," and does security surveys on property whenrequested. Program members also serve as courttranslators when requested by either a community mem-ber or court personnel.

The program and its services are promoted widelythroughout the targeted community and to a lesserextent in the rest of the county. Announcements ofthe program and its activities are given on localradio and television stations and the county infor-mation service refers inquirers to the program whenapplicable. The program has had a high success rate,averaging 80 assistance calls a month. The countywill assume the financing of the project in thefuture if community acceptance remains high.

Prince George's County Police departmentCooperative Communication Project7676 New Hampshire AvenueLangley Park, MD 20783(301) 439-1380 Rafael Hylton

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San Diego County, California

The San Diego County program to provide public infor-mation to language minorities began several years agoas part of an affirmative action effort. Prepared bythe _Office of the District Attorney, high-qualitybrochures containing a wealth of information are dis-tributed to .the community through local districtattorneys' offices, service clubs, and at publicgatherings. Their availability is also publicizedthrough -a series of public service radio announce-ments sponsored by the County District Attorney'sOffice. At the present time, detailed informationis available in Spanish on Victim/Witness Assistanceand Consumer Fraud. Leaflets have also been pre-pared on the court system and family support.Response to the program has been favorable.

San Diego County District Attorney's Office220 West BroadwaySan Diego, CA 92123(714) 236-2329

Cuidado Compradores (Buyers Beware)Folleto Informativo Para Victimas y Testigos(Handbook for Victims and Witnesses)

Santa Clara County, California

The Santa Clara County Victim/Witness Assistance Pro-gram is a nonprofit, nongovernmental program whichhas been operating for 2 years with a staff of five,including two native Spanish speakers. Santa ClaraCounty, which includes the city of San Jose, has1.25 million inhabitants, approximately 25 percentof whom are Latino. The decision to extend theprogram to the Spanish-speaking community is viewedas a "common sense" approach to providing services tothe entire community. Service is available 24 hoursa day, 7 days a week, in four major areas: immedi-ate or emergency services, community services, courtservices, and loss recovery assistance through thevictim in'9 nification program.

An extensive public information and outreach efforthas elicited a positive response from the user com-

munity toward the victim/witness program. A brochureoutlining the purpose of the program as a whole andthe nature of available services accompanies everysubpoena issued by the court. Copies of the bro-chure are available in all public buildings and aredisplayed in public libraries. A new effort is cur-rently underway to increase the program's visibility;employers and labor unions are being asked to mentionthe program and its services in their newsletters.

The police department is also cooperating by distri-buting bilingual cards to victims advising them ofeligibility requirements for victim indemnification.The police give a list of victims to the victim/wit-ness assistance program, which follows up with adetailed letter explaining procedures for filing aclaim. Concerned volunteers then help expedite andadvocate the victim's claim in Sacramento or at Statehearings.

In addition to Spanish materials, the program plansto develop brochures in both Vietnamese and Japanese.

Santa Clara CountyVictim/Witness Assistance ProgramSuite 620777 North First StreetSan Jose, CA 95112(402) 295-2656

El Victim/Witness Assistance Program: ParaAyudar Las Victimas De Crimen - The Victim/WitnessAssistance Program: To Help Crime Victims

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Tallahassee, Florida

The office of the attorney general began producingpublic information brochures for statewide distri-bution in 1973. By 1974, as a logical outgrowth ofthe program, the office began translating many ofthe more popular pamphlets into Spanish to improveservice to the large Spanish-speaking population inFlorida. Under the name "Help Stop Crime!" thiscrime prevention program distributes information onsexual assault, residential burglary, commercialsecurity, .and "Operation Identification" to morethan 480 sheriff and police departments, as well asmany community action groups. The program also con-ducts a mass media campaign which presents crime pre=vention measures and announces the availability ofboth Spanish and English literature. Ranked in orderof popularity, the three leading brochures in Spanishare on burglary prevention, sexual assault, and com-mercial armed robbery. The attorney general's officewill supply free samples to any agency in the countryupon request.

Office of the Attorney GeneralThe CapitolTallahassee, FL 32304(904) 488-5804

La Violacion: On Crimen Contra La Mujer (Rape: A,Crime Against Women)

to Que Ud. Debe Saber Sabre El Robo De ComerciasA. Mano Armada (It's Your Business To Know AboutCommercial Armed Robbery)

to Que Se Debe Hacer Antes De Que Venga El Ladron(Putting the Burglar Out of Business)

Es Ud. Blanco Facil Para Estos Robos? (What lo DoBefore the Burglar Comes)

Operation Identification Decal (Operation Idenfication Stickers)

Worcester, Massachusetts

The city of Worcester has a large and growing Hispan-ic population. The Hispanic Youth Resource Bureauwas one of the first organizations in the areadesigned to meet the needs of this group. Part of alarger organization, Youth Opportunities upheld,Inc., the Bureau provides youth and their familieswith protective and supportive services. Specificactivities include counseling and referral services,foster care, "big brother" and tutoring services,and an educational program for concerned parents.

The program, successful since its inception, has anextensive outreach program which helps Hispanic staffmembers in the field identify areas of conce:i anddevelop new programs to combat these problems. Thebureau serves 300 youths and their families each yearwith a staff of 3.

In addition to providing services geared specificallytoward youths, the bureau increases services offeredby all community agencies to members of the Spanish-speaking community. The bureau has made otheragencies aware of the problem areas, and hasencouraged other social service and criminal justiceagencies to hire Hispanic or bilingual staff members.Bureau staff members also act as translators forclients in dealing with agencies that do not havetheir own translators.

Hispanic Youth Resource Bureau, YOU, Inc.75A Grove StreetWorcester, MA 01605

El Bureau de Recurso Para jovenes Hispanos His-panic Youth Resource Bureau

Other

Current programs for language-minority groups thatreceive funding through the LEAA Discretionary- GrantProgram.

California

"Crime Prevention Education and Assistance Program."Sons of Watts Community Enterprises, Inc. LosAngeles. (79 CA AX 0013)

"Ayudate Community Crime Prevention Program." Ayudate-Campus Community Involvement Center, Los Angeles.(79 CA AX 0008)

"Improving Police Services to Language Minorities.San Francisco Police Department. (78 DP AX 0213)

"Ventura County Hispanic Development Project." MacaCommunity Services, Inc., Oxnard. (78 CA AX 0147)

"Asian Pacific Community Anti-Crime Program. Ser-vices for Asian American Youth, Los Angeles. (78 CAAX 0082)

"Communitas." Ocean Park Projects, Inc., SantaMonica. (78 CA AX 0080)

District of Columbia

"National Hispanic Youth Advocacy and ActionProject." National Coalition of Hispanic MentalHealth and Human Services Organization, Washington,D.C. (79 CA AX 0035)

Massachuse

"Unitas - Alliance Against- Crime. Unitas, Inc.,Lowell. (78 CA AX 0146)

"Villa Victoria's Community Crime Prevention Pro-ject," Inguilinas Boricuas En Accion, Boston. (78CA AX 0108)

New York

"Aspire National Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Pro-gram." Aspire of America, Inc., New York. (79 JSAS 0041)

"Hotline Cares." Hotline Cares, Inc., New York.(79 JS AS 0029)

"Youth Employment Skills Program." Mobilization forYouth, New York. (79 JS AX 0024)

"Spanish Language Program." New York County DistrictAttorney's Office, New York. (79 DF AX 0201)

"Southwest Yonkers Congress Crime Prevention." Span-ish Community Progress Foundation, Yonkers. (78 CAAX 0060)

Pennsylvania

"Choice of Non - delinquent, Delinquent Careers."Aspire, Inc., of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. (79 JNAX 0024)

Texas

"South West Training Institute Community Anti-CrimeProgram." South West Training Institute, El Paso..(79 CA AX 0032)

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Suggested Readings

The following publications have been selectedfrom the collection of the National Criminal JusticeReference Service to suggest sources of additionalinformation about this topic. All materials in theNCJRS collection may be borrowed on interlibraryloan. In addition, some of the materials are avail-able on microfiche, distributed without charge byNCJRS.

BERGENFIELD, G. Trying Non-English Conversant Defen-dants: The Use of an Interpreter. Oregon LawReview, v. 57, n. 4:549-565. 1978. (NCJ 51356)

CHANG, W.B.C. and M.U. ARAUJO. Interpreters for theDefense: Due Process for the Non-English-SpeakingDefendant. California Law Review, v. 63, n. 3:801-823. May 1975. (NCJ 27743)

CHAVES, F. J. Counseling Offenders of Spanish Heri-tage. Federal Probation, v. 40, n. 1:29-33. March1976. (NCJ 34886)

CRONHEIM, A.J. andSpeaking PersonsCurrent State ov. 61, n. 2:289-3

A.B. SCHWARTZ. Non-English-n the Criminal Justice System:the Law. Cornell Law Review,January 1976. (NCJ 32946)

FERGUSON, R.F. Policemen: Agents of Change--A CrimePrevention Report. Crime Prevention Review, v. 2,n. 3:1-13. April 1975. (NCJ 37362)

HIPPCHEN, L.J. Development of a Plan for BilingualInterpreters in the Criminal Courts of New Jersey.Justice System Journal, v. 2-3; 258-269. Spring1977. (NCJ 42209)

MENESES, A. and L. LUNA. Spanish Manual for CoInterpreters. Las Vegas:Project. 186 p. (NCJ 36556)

nterpreter/Translator

MITCHELL, M.C. Public Information and Law Enforce-Ment. Santa Cru,il, islifornia: Davis PublishingCompany, Inc., 1975. (NCJ 31690)

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIANS AND JEWS. Justicestezm Interpreter Certification: Task Force

e_po New York. 42 p. (NCJ 18034) Availableon MICROFICHE.

NEW YORK C: Y BOARD OF CORRECTION. Through the Veilof Pretrial Comprehension: New York City's His-panic De endant and t e Ca nine Justice SyNew York. 1973. 23 (NCJ 11111)

SAFFORD, J.B. No Comprendo: The Non-English-SpeakingDefendant and the Criminal Process. Journal ofCriminal Law and Criminology, v. 68, n 1:15-30.March 1977. (NCJ 43602)

U.S DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. Law Enforcement Assis-tance Administration. California: Report to theJudicial Council on the Language Needs of Non-

Persons in RelaState's Justice System, Phase 1 Report --Analysi

and Problems. Sacramento, Cali-or_ia: Arthur Young andC6Mpany, 1976. 300 p.(NCJ 34640) Available on MICROFICHE.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. Law Enforcement Assis-tance Administration. California: Report to theJudicial Council on the Langu e WeedEn- Persons

ce System -- Interim Report of Advisory,Committee and Phase 2 Report. San Francisco:Cal _orni_ Judicial Council, 1976. 75 p. (NCJ35409)

23