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Fernandez, Elizabeth M.; And OthersDirectory of Languages Spoken by Students of LimitedEnglish Proficiency in New York State Programs.New York State Education Dept., Albany. Bureau ofBilingual Education.8425p.Iniversity of the State of New York, State EducationDepartment, Bureau of Bilingual Education, Albany, NY12234Reference Materials - Directories/Catalogs (132)

MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.Directories; Elementary Secondary Education; *Fore.gnCountries; *Immigrants; *Languages; *Limited EnglishSpeaking; *Public Schools; State Surveys*New York

ABSTRACTA directory of languages spoken by limited Eng14.sh

profiLAent public school students in New York State, developed as aresource for school districts providing services to pupils withnative languages other than English, includes languages whose worldwide speakers number over 250,000 and/or those reported by New YorkState school districts. The directory consists of two lists: onealphabetizes the 160 languages spoken by students and identifies thecorresponding countries in which the languages are spoken, and theother contains 130 nation names and the languages spoken in them.(MSE)

************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *

* from the original document. *

***********************************************************************

PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

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TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

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The Lliniversity of the State of New syctrTHE. MATE EZILiC*TION Pif4tti.AE1411

Bureau Bilingual EducaAlb

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DIRECTORY OF LANGUAGESSpoken by Students of

Limited English Proficiencyin New York State Programs

The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis

of age, color, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status,national origin, race or sex in the educational programs and activi-

ties which it operates. This policy is in compliance with Title IX

of the Education Amendments of 1972. Inquiries concerning thispolicy may be referred to the Department's Affirmative ActionOfficer, Education Building, Albany, New York 12234.

A limited number of copies are available upon request from:

The University of the State of New York

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENTBureau of Bilingual Education

Albany, New York 12234

1984

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORKRegents of The University (with years when terms expi'e)

1988 WILLARD A. GENRICH, Chancellor, LL.B., L.H.D., LLD.,Litt.D., D.C.S., D.C.L., Sc.D. Buffalo

1987 MARTIN C. BARELL, Vice ChancellorB.A., LA., LL.B., LL.D. Muttontown

1986 KENNETH B. CLARK. A.B., M.S Ph.D., LLD., L.H.D.,D Se Hastings on Hudson

1989 EMLYN I. GRIFFITH. A.B., J.D. Rome1991 JORGE L. BATISTA, B.A., J.D., LL.D. Bronx1986 LAURA BRADLEY CHODOS, B.A., M.A. Viseher Ferry1991 LOUI.`,E P. MATTEONI, B.A., M.A. Ph.D. Bayside1188 J. EDWARD MEYER, B.A., LL.B.. L.H.D. Charilaqua1987 R. CARLOS CARBALLADA, B.S., LH.D., D.Sc. Rochester1988 FLOYD S. LINTON, A.B., M.A., M.P.A., D.C.L. Miller Place1988 SALVATORE J. SCLAFANI, B.S., M.D. Staten Island1989 MIMI UEBER, B.A., M.A. Manhattan1985 SHIRLEY C. BROWN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. Albany1990 ROBERT M. BEST, B.S. Binghamton1990 NORMA GLUCK, B.A., M.S.W., LLD. Manhattan1990 THOMAS R. FREY, A.B., LL.B Rochester

President of The University and Commissioner of EducationGORDON M. AMBACII

Executive Deputy Commissioner of EducationROBERT J. MAURER

Deputy Commissioner for Elementary, Secondary and Continuing EducationGERALD L. FREEBORNE

Assistant Commissioner for General EducationMARIA RAMIREZ

Director, Division of Language SkillsJANE ALGOZZ1NE

Chief, Bureau of Bilingual EducationCARMEN A. PEREZ

FOREWORD

This publication has been developed as a resource guide forschool districts that provide services to pupils whose native lan-

guage is other than English. It is intended to assist districts inidentifying the languages spoken by some limited English profi-cient students in New York State.* It is not an all-in.:lusive in-ventory of the nations and/or linguistic systems of the world.

Two lists of languages and countries are provided. List A. which

begins on page 1, alphabetizes the languages that are spoken by

students of limited English proficiency in New York State school

districts, and identifies the corresponding countries where those

languages are spoken. List 15, which begins on page 10, is alphabet-ized by nation, ana indicates the major languages spoken in each.

In some cases, districts misidentified a nationality as a lan-

guage. For example, the term "Indian," which is not a Loiruage,was identified as such, hence, we researched the linguistic compo-sition of India and recorded the 15 official languages and thosethat are most widely spoken.

We hope that this pubU:ation will render itself useful andoffer a documented profile of the ever-increasing multi-ethnicityof our State.

* Because of the thousands of tribal languages and dialects thatare spoken in the world, only those whose speakers number over250,000 and/or those that were reported by New York Stateschool districts have been included in this guide.

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The research for the Directory of Languages_Spoken b+ Studentsof Limited English Proficiency in New York State Programs was con-ducted by Elizabeth M. Ferngndez, Associate, Bureau of BilingualEducation. Ivelisse Ramat, Assistant,compiled a list of languagesidentified by New York State school districts. The Directory wascoordinated and developed by Elizabeth M. Fertigndez with the assis-tance of Marta Cruz, Supervisor; Laurie Wellman, Associate,nrepared the Directory for publication.

6

iv

LIST AAL"HABETIZED BY LANGUAGE

1 7

LIST AALPHABETIZED BY LANGUAGE

LANGUAGE COUNTRY(IES)

Adangme Ghana

Afrikaans South Africa

Akan Ghana

Albanian Albania

Amharic Ethiopia

Amoy (a.k.a. Pukienese) Taiwan

Arabic An official language of: Algeria.Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman,Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Southern Yemen,Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United ArabEmirates, Yemen,

Araucanian Chile

Arawak Guyana

Armenian U.S.S.R.

Assamese India

Aymara Bolivia, Peru

Azerbaijani Iran, U.S.S.R.

Balante Guinea-Bissau

Baluchi Iran, Pakistan

Bambara Mali

Basque

Belorussian

Bemba

Bengali

Shill

Spoken by the Basque people in Snain andFrance.

Relorussian republic of the SovietUnion

Zambia

Bangladesh, India

India

LANGUAGE COUNTRY(IES)

Bihari India

Brahui Pakistan

Breton France

Bulgarian Bulgaria

Burmese Burma

Catalan The vast majority of Catalan speakerslive in Spain while a small minoritylive in France.

Cham Cambodia

Chinese China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore,

Thailand.

Czech Czechoslovakia

Dari* Afghanistan

Dagomba Ghana(a.k.a. Dagbane)

Danish Denmark

Dejula Upper Volta

Dutch Netherlands, Netherlands Antill.!s

Ewe Ghana, Togo

Fanti ana

Farsi* Iran

Finnish Finland

Flemish Belgium

French Prance, Luxembourg. Relpium. Switzerland,Canada, Haiti,and French dependencies.It is also spoken in many African andAsian nations,

* The Persian language is called Farsi, in Iran, and Dari, in

Afghanistan.

3

LANGUAGE COUNTRY(IES)

Pukienese

(a.k.a. Amoy)

Fon

Fulani

Taiwan

Dahomey

Nigeria, Upper Volta, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Gambia,Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Cameroon.

Ga Ghana

Galician Spain

Galla Ethiopia, Kenya

Georgian U.S.S.R.

German Federal Republic of Germany, German Demo-cratic Republic. Austria, Switzerland.

Greek Greece, Cyprus

Guarani Paraguay

Gujarati India

Curma Ghana, Togo, Upper Volta

Haitian Creole Haiti

Hausa Nigeria, Niger, Ghana, Cameroon, Togo,Dahomey.

Hebrew Israel

Hindi India

Hungarian Hungary

Ibo Nigeria

Icelandic Iceland

Ilocano Philippines

Indonesian Indonesia

Italian Italy, Switzerland

Japanese Japan

Jonkhan Bhutan

4 0

LANGUAGE COUNTRY(IES)

Kabre Togo

Kabyle Algeria

Kafiri India, Kashmir

Kamba Kenya

Kanarese India

(a.k.a. Kannada)

Kanuri Nigeria

Karen Burma

Kashmiri Kashmir, India

Khmer Cambodia (now known as Kampuchea)

Khowan India, Kashmir

Kibuvu Kenya

Korean Democratic People's Republic of Korea,

Republic of Korea.

Kpelle Liberia

Kurdish Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, U.S.S.R.

Lao Laos

Latvian U.S.S.R.

Lithuanian U.S.S.R.

Luba Zaire

Luc Kenya

Macedonian Yugoslavia

Malagasy Malagasy Republic

Malay Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore

Malayalam India

Malinke Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Gambia.

Maltese Malay

S

11

LANCUME COUNTRY(IES)

Marathi India

Mohawk United States

Moldavian U.S.S.R.

Mossi Upper Volta(a.k.a. More)

Nahuatl Mexico

Nepali Nepal, India, Bhutan, Sikkim

Norwegian Norway

Nyanja Zambia(a.k.a. Chinyanja)

Oneida United States

Oriya India

Ossetian U.S.S.R.

Papiamento Netherlands Antilles

Pashto Afghanistan, Pakistan(a.k.a. Pashto)

Persian* Iran, Afghanistan

Filipino Philippines(a.k.a. Tagalog)

Polish Poland

Portuguese Brazil. Portugal, Guinea-Bissau

Provencal France

Punjabi Pakistan, India(a.k.a. Panjahi)

Quechua Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador

* The Persian language is called Farsi, in Iran. cotcl Dari, inAfghanistan.

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12

LANGUAGE COUNTRY(IES)

Quiche Guatemala

Rajasthani India

Romanian Rotania

Romansch tzerland

Rundi Burundi

Russian U.S.S.R.

Rwanda Rwanda

Samoan Samoa

Sanskrit India - Literary and classical languagespoken by scholars.

Scottish Gaelic* Scotland

Seneca United States

Serbo-Croatian Yugoslavia

Se,i Mexico

Shan Burma

Shina India, Kashmir

Shluh Morocco

Sidamo Ethiopia

Sindhi India, Pakistan

Sinhalese Sri Lanka

Slovak Czechoslovakia

Slovenian Yugoslavia

Somali Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya

South Arabic Southern Yemen - Refers to a collective

term for a number of Arabic dialects

spoken in Southern Yemen.

*Spoken by less than 1% of the population.

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13

Spanish

LANGUAGE COUNTRY(IES)

An official language of: Argentina,Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,

Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,Puerto Rico, Spain, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Sukuma Tanzania

Sundanese Indonesia

SwahiliTanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi,(a.k.a. Kiswahili) Zaire.

Swazi Swaziland

Swedish Sweden

Tadzhik

Tamazight Morocco

Tamil Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Singapore

lelugu India

Thai Thailand

TibetanTibet Autonomous Region of China

Tigre Ethiopia

Tigrinya Ethiopia

Tonga Zambia

Tuareg Vpnur Volta

Turkish Turkey, Cyprus

Turkmen Afghanistan, U.S.S.R.(a.k.a. Turkoman)

Twi Ghana

Ukranlan

urdu

Ukranian Soviet Socialist Republic,U.S.S.R.

Pakistan, India

8

14

LANGUAGE COUNTRY(IES)

Uzbeck U.S.S.R., Afghanistan

Vietnamese Vietnam

Wolof Senegal

Yiddish Spoken by Jews primarily in EasternEurope, including the U.S.S.R., and incountries to which Jews from Eastern

Europe have migrated.

Yonba Nigeria

Yoruba Nigeria, Dahomey

15

LIST BALPHABETIZED BY COUNTRY

1610

LIST BALPHABETIZED BY COUNTRY

COUNTRY LANGUAGES)

Afghanistan Dari* and Pashto (Fushto) are the officiallanguages. There are also about 1 millionspeakers of Uzbek and 1/2 million speakersof Turkmen(Turkoman).

Albania Albanian

Algeria Arabic. Among Berber languages, Kayble ispredominant.

Argentina Spanish

Austria German

Bahrain Arabic

Bangladesh Bengali is predominant.

Belgium Flemish and French are the officiallanguages.

Belorussian republic Belo 3sianof the Soviet Union

Bhutan Jonichan is the official language. Nepali

is also spoken.

Bolivia The official language is Spanish which isspoken by less than 40%. The predominantIndian languages are Quechua and Aymara.

Brazil Portuguese

Bulgaria Bulgarian

Burma Burnese is the official language. Twopredominant languages are Karen and Shan.

Burundi Rundi and French are the official languages.Swahili (Kiswahili) serves as a commerciallanguage.

*The Persian language is called Farsi, in Iran. and Uari, in

Afghanistan.

11

17

COUNTRY LANGUAGES)

Cambodia (now knownas Kampuchea)

Cameroon

Khmer is the official language. French is

also spoken. Cham is the predominant

tribal language.

French and English are the officiallanguages. Mere are over 100 nativelanguages, of which Fulani and Hausa arepredominant.

Canada English and French are the officiallanguages.

Chile Spanish. Araucanian is the predominantIndian language spoken.

China Chinese

Colombia Spanish

Costa Rica Spanish

Cuba Spanish

Cyprus Creek, Turkish

Czechoslovakia Czech and Slovak are the official languages.

Dahomey French is the official. language. Fon isthe predominant native language. Hausaand Yoruba are also spoken.

Democratic People's KoreanRepublic of Korea

Denmark Danish

Dominican Republic Spanish

Ecuadnr Spanish. Quechua is the predominantIndian language.

Egypt Arabic

El Salvador Spanish

Ethiopia Amharic is the official language. Otherpredominant languages include: Galls,Sidamo, Somali, Tigrinya, and Tigre.

Finland Finnish

12 18

France

COUNTRY LANGUAGE(S)

French is the official language. Provençal,

Breton, Basgue,and Catalan are spoken

regionally.

Gambia English is the official language. Fulani

and Malinke are also spoken.

German DemocraticRepublic

Germany, FederalRepublic of

Ghana

German

German

English is the official language. Other

predominant languages include: Akan, ofwhich Twi and Fanti are the major dialects,Ewe, Ga, Adangme, Gurma, Dagomba (Dagbane),and Hausa.

Greece Greek

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Spanish. Fifty percent of the populationspeaks different Mayan languages of whichQuiche is predominant.

French is the officlal language. Fulani

and Malinke are also spoken.

Portuguese is the official language.Fulani, Balante, and Malinke are also

spoken.

English is predominant; Arawak is spoken

by a small minority.

French and Haitian Creole are the

official languages.

Spanish

Hong Kong English is the official language. Chinese

is spoken by the majority.

Hungary Hungarian

Iceland Icelandic

India India is the most linguistically variedcountry in the world, with hundreds of

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19

COUNTRY LANGUAGE(S)

languages spoken. Hindi/ is the predomi-nant language. Along with English it isofficial. Other predominant languages are:

Assamesel Kashmiril RajasthaniBengali/ Malayal#ml SanskritBhili Maratha i SindhfBihari1 Nepali/ TamilGujarati/ Oriyal Telugu IKanaresel#2 Punjabi Urdul

Kafiri, Shina,and Khowan are spoken byDards in India.

Indonesia Indonesian, Sundanese

Iran Farsi(Persian)4 is the official language.Arerbaijan:.and Baluchi are also spoken.Kurdish is spoken by the Kurds.

Iraq Arabic is the official language. Kurdishis also spoken by the Kurds.

Israel Hebrew and Arabic are the officiallanguagee.

Italy Italian

Jamaic- English

Japan Japanese

Jordan Arabic

Kampuchea (formerly Khmer is the official language. French isCambodia) also spoken. Chant is the predominant tribal

language.

Kashmir Kashmiri is the official language. Kafiri,Shina, and Khowan are spoken by Dards.

Kenya Swahili(Kiswahili) is the officiallanguage, Other predominant languagesinclude: Kibuyu, Kamba, Luo, Calla,andSomali.

/One of the 15 constitutionally recognized languages.2a.k.a. Kannada.

3a,k,a, Panjabi

4The Persian language is called Farsi,in Iran,and Dari, inAfghanistan.

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CCUNTRY LANGUAGE(S)

Kuwait Arabic

Laos Lao

Lebanon Arabic

Liberia English is the official language.Kpelle is the most widely spoken native

language.

Libya

Luxembourg

Malagasy Republic

Malaysia

Arabic

French

Malagasy and French are the officiallanguages.

Malay. Tamil is also spoken.

Mali French is the official language. Bambara

and Fulani are the most predominant native

languages.

Malta Maltese

Mauritania French is the official language. Fulani

is also spoken.

Mexico Spanish. Among the various Indian lan-

guages, Nahuatl is predominant.

Morocco Arabic. Among Berber languages. Shulh and

Tamazight are predominant.

Nepal

Netherlands

Netherlands Antilles

Nepali

Dutch

Dutch is thki official language but

Fapiamento 10 widely spoken in the south-

ern islands (Cutaqao, Aruba, and Bonaire).

Nicaragua Spanish

Niger French is the official language. Hausa

and Fulani are predominant native

lanauages.

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21

COUNTRY

Nigeria

LANGUAGE (S)

English is the official language. Themost predominant native language is Hausa.Yoruba, Ibo, Kanuri, Yonba, and Fulani arealso spoken.

Norway Norwegian

Oman Arabic

Pakistan Urdu is the official language. Punjaii,(Paniabi), Sindhi, Pashto, (Pashto), Baluchi,and Brahui are also spoken.

Panama Spanish

Paraguay Spanish and Guarani are officiallanguages.

Peru Spanish. Quechua is the predominantIndian language. Aymara is also spoken.

Philippines Pilipino(Tagalog) and English are theofficial languages. Among die 82 dialectsspoken, Ilocano is predominant.

Poland Polish

Portugal Portuguese

Puerto Rico Spanish is the official language.

Qatar Arabic

Republic of Korea Korean

Romania Romanian

Rwanda Rwanda and French are official languages.Swahili(Kiswahili) is also spoken.

Samoa Samoan

Saudi Arabia Arabic

Scotland Scottish-Gaelic, English

Senegal French is the official language. Wolof,Fulani, and Malinke are predominantnative languages.

1

c 22

COUNTRY LANGUAGE(S)Sikkim Nepali

Singapore

Somalia

South Africa

Southern Yemen

Malay is the national language butChinese, an official language along withTamil and English, is spoken by about 75Zof the population.

Somali

Afrikaans and English are official languages.

Arabic is the official language. SouthArabic, a term used to denote various

related dialects, is also spoken.

Spain Spanish, as well as Catalan, Galician, andBasque.

Sri Lanka Sinhalese is the official language. Tamilis also spoken.

Sudan Arabic

Swaziland Swazi and English are official languages.

Sweden Swedish

Switzerland French, German, Italian,and Romansch arethe four official languages.

Syria Arabic. Kurdish is spoken by the Kurds.

Taiwan

Tanzania

Chinese(MAndarin dialect) is the officiallanguage, but native Taiwanese speakFukienese or Amoy dialect.

Swahili(Kiswahili) and English are officiallanguages. Over 100 tribal languages arespoken, of which Sukuma is predominant.

Thailand Thai. Chinese and Malay are also spoken.

Tibet Autonomous TibetanRegion of China

Togo French is the official language. Ewe isthe predominant native language followedby i(abre, Gurma,and Hausa.

Tunisia Arabic

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23

COUNTRY

Turkey

Uganda

ElranionSoviet

ocCialist Repuhlic

United Arab Emirates

United States

U.S.S.R.

Upper Volta

Uruguay

Venezuela

Vietnam

Yemen

Yugoslavia

Zaire

Zambia

LANGUAGE(S)

Turkish. Kurdish is spoken by Kurds.

Swahili(Kiswahili)

Ukranian

Arabic

New York State Indian languages include:Seneca, Mohawk, and Oneida.*

Russian. Other predominant languagesinclude: Lithuanian, Latvian, Armenian,Uzbek, Moldavian, Tadzhik, Georgian,Ossetian, Ukranian, Azerbaijani, Yiddish,Turkmen(Turkoman),and Belorussian.Kurdish is spoken by Kurds.

French is the official language. Mossi(More) is the predominant native language.Gurma, Fulani, Dejula,and Tuareg are alsospoken.

Spanish-

Spanish

Vietnamese

Arabic

SerboCroatian, Slovenian,and Macedonianare the official languages.

French is the official language.Predominant native languages are Swahili(Kiswahili) and Luba.

English is the official language. Bertha

is the predominant native language

followed by Tonga and Nyanja (Chinyanja1,

'These languag^c are listed because they were reported by schooldistricts. In addition, Indian languages indigenous to, andstill spoken in New York State are: Cayuga, Onondaga, andTuscarora.

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