ED 359 117

AUTHORTITLEINSTITUTIONREPORT NOPUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM

PUB TYPEJOURNAL CIT

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

IDENTIFIERS

ABSTRACT

DOCUMENT RESUME

SO 022989

Ohrn, Deborah Gore, Ed.Doing Local History.Iowa State Historical Society, Iowa City.ISSN-0278-02089233p.State Historical Society of Iowa, 402 Iowa Avenue,Iowa City, IA 52240-1806 ($10 annual subscription forfour issues).Collected Works Serials (022)Goldfinch. Iowa History for Young People; v14 n2 Win1992

MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.Citizenship Education; Elementary Education; *HistoryInstruction; Learning Activities; *Local History;*Social Studies; *State HistoryIowa

This theme issue contains articles about theimportance of learning local history. The lead article includeshistorical information about three Iowa cities: Council Bluffs,Waterloo, and Jefferson. Other features in this issue are entitled:"Iowa Kids Talk," "Digging Into Local History," "Goldie's Top TenNews Stories"; "Boosters in Iowa"; "Take the Cemetery Home";"Flipping Through Photos"; "Telephone Book History"; "Who's Who"; and"It's All in the Name Puzzle." (DB)

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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

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ce: Iowa History for Young; People r Vol'unie 14, Number2 Winter 19921 e,

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EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)

IS document has boon reproduced asored from the oerson or oroamtabon

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HISTORYMYSTERY

Whatis

this?

t locks like a teepee. but teepees were NOT five-

stories highthat's one good clue that this structure was NOT

built by Mains Indiana The city of Council bluffs built this giant

"wigwam" for the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition in

1898 (a BIG fair). They built it to symbolize how great Council

Bluffs and F'ottawattamie County were. Read more about exploring

your own local history (and our examples of a. Jncil Bluffs,

Jefferson, and Waterloo) in this issue of The Goldfinch.

2 11w Goldfinch

GTOldfinchVolume 14, Number 2Winter 1992

/45:::S,

rA, ..

EDITOR: Deborah Gore OhrnDIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: Christie DaileyCONSULTING EDITORS: Loren Horton, fieldservices coordinator. State Historical Societyof Iowa: Barbara Beving Long, principal, FourMile Research Company, Cresco: and TomMorain, director of history and communityrelations. Living History Farms, Des Moines.CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Susanna Ashtonand Jen Guttenfelder.EDUCATOR'S ADVISORY BOARD: Jan Carlson.South Clay School, Gillett Grove; MargieHood. Horn Elementary, Iowa City; Pat Rod.North Hill Elementary. Burlington.CHILDREN'S ADVISORY BOARD: Audrey AnnCoffield. Montezuma Elementary, Montezuma;Mathew Kendall, Taft Middle, Cedar Rapids:Amber Massa. Roosevelt Elementary, IowaCity; and Ha Nguyen. Novak Elementary.Marlon.

SPECIAL THANKS TO: Lois Krause, JeffersonPublic Library; Valerie Ogren, president,Greene County Historical Society; MarleneWheeler, reference librarian. Council BluffsPublic Library. The characters of Wild Rosleand Goldie by Jerry Brown. exhibit designer,State Historical Society of Iowa.

COVER DESIGN: Strong Productions, CedarRapids. Iowa. Photo by Millie Frese.

The Goldfinch (ISSN 0278-0208) Is publishedquarterly by the State Historical Society of Iowa,402 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City. Iowa 52240-1806(319-335-3916). Second-class postage paid atIowa City, Iowa. Subscriptions are S10 for fourissues.

Postmaster: Send address changes to: TheGoldfinch, State Historical Society of Iowa, 402Iowa Avenue. Iowa City. IA 52240-1806.

State Historical Society of Iowa. 1992No portion of The Goldfinch may be reproducedwithout prior permission.

ON THE COVERTyrell Gary tells Goldfinch readerswhat it's like to live in Waterloo, Iowa.

Shetland ponies:\

Sroagy catsf conies ,tn

cats

SPECIAL FEATURELocal History DictionaryYour key to understanding words andphrases throughout the issue

Goldie's Top Ten News StoriesFor some ODD stories, see page 16

Hey kids, we need your help!

Readers' SuveyAnswer a few questions, send them in,and win a prize, see page 30

IN THIS ISSUE

FeatureWhat's so Primo About Local History?. 4

Iowa Kids Talk 8

Digging Into Local History 11

Goldie's Top Ten News Stories 16

Boosters in Iowa 18

Take the Cemetery Home 20

Flipping Through Photos 21

Telephone Book History 23

Who's Who 24

It's All in the Name Puzzle 25

Learnhow to

discoveryour own

localhistory!

DepartmentsHistory Mystery 2

Old Places 2G

History Makers 28

Answers/Readers' Survey 30

The Roost 31

The Goldfinch 3

COUNCIL 5LUFF5 JEFFERSON

the classic movie, 'TheWizard of Oz" Dorothyclicks her ruby red

slippers three times, makes awish, and slowly spins. "There'sno place like home," she says."There's no place like home." Attimes, we've all felt that tugtoward home. You like your roomwith all of your stuff. You want tohang out with your friends, family,favorite pets. Your neighborhoodis okay. "Home" is more than theapartment or house where yousleep at night; it's your family,your neighborhood, and yourcommunity.

Doing local history is a wayof better understanding yourcommunity. How did it get to bethe way it is today? Where did thefarm on the corner go? When didthey tear down that old barn tobuild a strip mall? Where did thatdweeb street name come from? Byexploring your community's past,you have a better sense of your

WATERLOO

4 The Goldfinch

Ad is so Primeroots. The place where you liveinfluences who you are today andwho you'll be tomorrow.

Another primo reason to dolocal history: these days, familiesseem to pick up and move a lot.Maybe you've recently moved oryou have friends who have left fornew places to live. Doing localhistory helps new people feelmore a part of the community. Itusually begins with: how did thistown start?

VIII II

II I

I

I

I

213

Council Bluffs"Explorers Wanted!"

President Thomas Jeffersonneeded people to explore the newterritory he had purchased in1803. Explorers MeriwetherLewis and William Clark werethe men appointed for the job.They led their team up theMissouri River in 1804 andstopped along the banks at a placethey described as "beautiful."Lewis and Clark wanted to meetwith the great Indian chiefs to tellthem that the U.S. governmentwas now their new "commander."Lewis and Clark waited for threedays at that site, camped alongsidethe river. After the Indians cameand held a great meeting, Lewisand Clark decided to call the site"Council Bluffs" for the importantmeeting on the hills along theriver. ffi

et)

'-tICE ME.'N

c:AT

Moat Local' History?President Thomas Jefferson: :743.1826)the third president of the Unitedand the author of the Declaration at Independence

Meriwether Lewis: ; 774.1839)an American explorerof the Northwest

William Clark. 1770.1838)

on American explorer the Northwest

Waterloo began in 1845 when the family of George andMary Hanna stopped at the east bank of the Cedar River. Theycalled their settlement Prairie Rapids Crossing. Other familiessoon arrived and everyone started building cabins.

Nobody is really sure why they changed the name, but in1851 "Waterloo" became the name. Some people say MaryHanna had been reading about the famous Battle of Waterloo.She thought her new home looked a little like where thehistoric battle had taken place. Charles Mullen, the man whofiled for the new name said that he had seen the name "Water-loo" in other states. He also said that Prairie Rapids Crossingwas too long for a name. Whatever story you choose to believe,the town has been called "Waterloo" ever since. ffi

JeffersonTruman and May Davis and their six children arrived in what is

now Greene County in 1849. They were typical farmers who came from

Missouri in search of a cabin site. New settlers quickly followed, andthe community grew. By the fall of 1854 people decided the community

needed a name.Since many of the settlers were Democrats, they decided to name

the town after the most famous Democrat of all, president and authorof the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson. Unfortunately,the post office told them that Dubuque County already had dibs on thename"Jefferson" for a town. Refusing to be discouraged, the GreeneCounty settlers called their community "New Jefferson." When the"Jefferson" in Dubuque County didn't work out, the "NewJeffersonians" got rid of the "New" and became simply "Jefferson" at

6

Battle ofWaterloo:a bottle between

the French ono the British in 1819

The Goldfinch 5

What is so Primo &oat Local /-Asioty? (contnua

WateriooIn 1853, a ferry began taking

people back and forth across theCedar River. Because gettingacross was so convenient, peoplebegan to build houses and startbusinesses on both sides. The eastand west sides of the river alwayscompeted. Waterloo as a wholedeveloped very quickly. Sawmillsand flour mills became importantindustries. A footbridge across theriver was built in 1858 and a yearlater the first bridge big enoughfor wagons was completed. In 1861a railroad line entered the city, andthen Waterloo began to REALLYgrow. It boomed in the 1890s withthe development of the farmimplement business. By 1900more than 12,580 people livedthere. New factories helpedWaterloo to become one of themost important cities in Iowa. at

iS

Promoting local heroes and businesses helped new townsto grow. In Iowa and other places, people wrote local historiesto help boost the image of towns. The following stories of howour three towns grew came from centennial (100 year) booksand other resources. T.

Cal/1a Skn5&Mormons traveling west began to settle in Council Bluffs and in

1846 called it "Kanesville," after Thomas Kane, a man who had helpedthem on their journey. Gold was discovered in California in 1847 and all ofa sudden it seemed as if everyone and their uncle wanted to go west andget rich. Kanesville began to develop into an important place for all thosewestward-bound dreamers. People coming to Kanesville could equip or"outfit" themselves for their journey. Kanesville became the place to buywagons, shoes, rope, dried food, good horses, and even guidebooks. In1852, most of the Mormons left and moved to Salt Lake City, Utah.Kanesville was renamed "Council Bluffs".

It's no wonder that Council Bluffs got even bigger. It was locatedalmost exactly in the middle of the country, on a very busy river, arid at thecrossing points of major railroads. For anyone going west, it became hardto avoid Council Bluffs! rat

implement: tool

Mormons: religious group,followers of Joseph Smith

6 The Goldfinch

JeffersonChurches and schools sprouted up in Jefferson as years

passed and local farming became more mechanized and moreproductive. The railroad came to Jefferson in 1866 and opened upthe town. Jefferson farmers began to sell their grain and livestockto the world. Today, Jefferson is a small city with farming as oneof its most important industries.

Unsoked mysteriesLook around you. What unsolvedmysteries do you see in yourcommunity? Finding out aboutwhere you live can be fun, andthere are only about a million waysto do it!You can start by just askingaround. Ask the usual experts:librarians, parents, or teachers.("Why is Mytown called

Mytown?") Ask other folks as well.(Try asking the mail carrier if anystreet names have changed sinceshe has been working in yourtown.)

You can check out referencebooks such as local histories.("Has Mytown grown or shrunkover the years?") You can just lookat the pile of old lewspapers in the

Circle some things you probably CANNOTfind at a historical society:

A map of your town from when there were just a couple

of buildings and shops.

49 A phone book that lists your grandfather's first phone

number

The red sock you lost in the dryer last week

0 The yearbook from when your big brother graduated

(check out his picture!)CO The town newspaper from the day you were born

Barbecue rives, hot off the grill

Goofy buttons from political races

O The program from a 1937 talent show contest held in

your town

A photograph of the house that used to be right where

your house is now

(Turn the page upside down for the answers.)

basement that nobody has gottenaround to recycling yet.Your local historical society orthe State Historical Society of Iowaare both places that can tell you alot about where you live. You'd besurprised at some of the thingsyou can find there. ffi

This issue of The Goldfinchwill provide you with the toolsa good local history detectiveneeds to solve those oldmysteries. Read about what itis like to live in Waterloo,Council Bluffs, and Jeffersonfrom some kids wtm know.Uncover the past by looking atunique library and localhistorical society resources.

Get out your pompoms fora boosting article and zanystories pulled from localnewspapers. Put on yourdetective hat to do someprimo activities on your ownlocal history. So if you everget the urge to click yourheels and make a wish aboutgoing home, you'll have abetter understanding of yourown Land of Oz.

1:UJ 9 Pue E :S1BMSNV The Goldfinch 7

1

to

Emelia Banderas wonLongfellow Elementary's

fourth grade spelling bee last yearwhen she correctly spelled G-E-O-G-R-A-P-H-Y. Besides being herwinning word, geography is asubject Emelia knows somethingabout.

"I was born in Missouri andlived in California," Emeliaexplains. "My family tells me allabout those places, but I onlyremember Council Bluffs." Emeliaalso knows how far it is fromCouncil Bluffs to Mexicoa route

8 The Goldfinch

WA Ki S TALKStory and photos by Millie K. Frese

this 10 year old has alreadytraveled three times.

"My father was born inMexico," said Emelia. Her grand-parents, many of her aunts,uncles and cousins still livethere, between Mexico City andGuadalajara.

Being from two cultures,says Emelia, makes her feelspecial. "I have the languageand way of life of my mom'sAmerican culture, and I havethe skin color of Mexicans,"she describes. "I like

learning about my Mexican back-ground from my dad."

Emelia's father, Raphael,works at a food company inOmaha and her mother, Peggy, isa cook at a hospital in CouncilBluffs. She also has a brother,Jose, who is 12. If you ask herwhat's most important in her life,Emelia immediately responds withone word: family.

Emelia hopes her relatives inMexico will someday come to visitCouncil Bluffs. She wants to showthem all the things she likes abouther city.

"I'll take them to Manawa

Park to swim in the lake and playon the sand beaches," she begins.Sunset Park, the swimming pool,and her school are als, ). her listof places to show them. So are afew unlikely spotslike theLaundromat.

"They'll be amazed to seemachines do the work," saysEmelia. In Mexico, she compares,women do the wash in big tubs ofwater using bars of laundry soap,or on stones in a river.

Grocery stores, the mall, andthe library would complete thetour.

Emelia describes CouncilBluffs as a place where people canfeel safe because "neighborhoodsare small enough that you knowmany people."

city:ite copitw

01 1314exico

Guodaiaa City infra'

say it Gyvi3:,:lrico,LA fa. h

f you're in Jefferson in theI summertime looking forDustin Briggs, try the swimmingpool. He'll probably he there,practicing the events he swimscompetitively-25-meter butterfly,backstroke, and freestyle. He's alocal celebrity among swimmingfans, having won the conferencechampionship in his age grouptwo years in a row.

If 11-year-old Dustin's not inthe pool, try one of Jefferson's fourbaseball diamonds. Or he mightbe on the football field. If he couldbe mayor of Jefferson for a day,Dustin says he would appoint kidsas teachers and have them teacheveryone how to play sports.

Along with the recreationalactivities Jefferson offers, Dustinsays his town is known for theannual Bell Tower Festival.Located on the town square, thetower is 162 feet high. "You cansee everything in townand pasttownfrom up there!" Dustinsays. There are games, rides, andcontests. Dustin's favorite attrac-tion (next to a ride up the belltower) is baseball card shows.

Dustin, a fifth grader whosefavorite subjects are health andscience, wants to be a doctorsomeday so he can help kidslike himself who suffer fromasthma and allergies. If not adoctor, he wants to be aswmmer.

Born in Iowa City,Dustin moved with hisfamily to Jefferson on hisfifth birthday. He likesthe community,describing Jeffersonas a "safe and friendlyplace to live." Hisfather, David, is anagricultural education

-

OOOOO OOOOO

"You can see everything in

townand past townfrom upthere!" says Dustin.

instructor. His mother, Anita, is amarketing coordinator. Dustinalso has a brother, David, 13, whohe says he "gets along with prettywellsometimes."

fI

;

Dustin likes Jefferson wellenough that he might want to livethere the rest of his lifeunlesshe decides to move to Florida tolive near an ocean.

The Goldfinch 9

IO \NA KIDS TALK ABOUT THEIR COMMUNITIES tcoNTINum

Tq he worst thing about livingin Waterloo, says Tyrell

Gary, is that when summervacation's over, you have to goback to school. He smiles. Thenhe tells about all the things helikes about his school, McKinstryElementary.

"I played the violin in theorchestra last year." Tyrell, a fifthgrader. begins. "This year Fm inband learning trombone. Next

10 The Goldfinch

r

year it's going to be drums."He likes math and social

studies, too. Basketball games inthe park, swimming, bike riding,and football are some of thethings Tyrell and his friendslike to do for fun.

Though Tyrell was hornin Waterloo and has livedthere all his life, he's just ascomfortable in the countryas in the city

"I like hunting andfishing with my dad,"Tyrell says, listingrabbits. squirrels, andpheasants as hisfavorite wild game.

"We're going to huntpheasant to eat for Thanksgiving."Tyrell has hunted with his fatherfor as long as he can remember.Safety is always a high priority.

"I always wear a bulletproofvest in case another hunter hearsme move but can't see me," Tyrellexplains.

Tyrell won't reveal all hisfavorite fishing spots. All he'll sayis, "Sometimes we fish at DiamondLake in Cedar Rapids. I likefishing for bluegill and walleyes."

Then his eyes light up as he

11

remembers his best catch, stretch-ing his arms wide to demonstrateits size.

"I caught a big ol' catfish thattook up the whole cooler!" heexclaims.

Fishing is a year-round sportfor Tyrell and his family. "We havea tent that will float if the icebreaks," he begins. "My dad drillsfive holes in the ice in front of it.We catch a lot of fish!"

"I caught a big or catfishthat took up the wholecooler!" exlaims Tyler.

Tyrell's family includes hisparents, James (who works inconstruction) and Felicia (whoworks at home), three brothers,and two sisters. His grandparentsalso live in. Waterloo. "My grandfa-

ther is a plumber. I like to helphim after school and in thesummer." Tyrell says. Tyrell wantsto go to college and become anartist and a mechanic when he'solder.

His advice to kids: "Everyoneshould work hard." he concludes,"to do well in whatever they wantto do." 213

SWIM IWO LOCAL HISTORYHistory doesn't always come from books.You can find it in newspapers. letters, diaries,

objects. buildings, and cemeteries. Take a look...

Crossing the country in a cov-ered wagon was not easy orcheap. People needed to buysupplies that would last them formany months. In addition toregular supplies such as food and

clothing, travelers needed goodhorses, good wagons, and fryingpans. All of these suppliescould be bought in Council

Bluffs, which advertised itself asthe "Outfitter of the West."

Many pioneers who wantedto go to Oregon or California tostart a new life, often begantheir trips in Council Bluff3. Theywould buy their supplies there,join up with other travelers, orjust rest before crossing theMissouri River to go west.

One spring morning I was going to Burlington with an ox team. I met a train

of emigrants bound for Oregon. . . . I knew most of the parties and they knew

me. This party was known as the Butter train and consisted of old Peter

Butler and his son and several daughters.... There were young men, severalthat had been playmates of mine.... It was Ira Butler that wanted me to

go with him.... His son Nute and his daughter Parradine had been school

mates of mine.We reached Council Bluffs jusi, thirty days from Burlington. This

place at that time was called Kanesville. At that time it was but a small

village, but with many log cabins that had been built by the Mormons. They

had wintered here and outfitted for their journey to Salt Lake. Here we

stayed for several days as the ferry boat had not yet come up the river.

During this stop several thousand emigrants had arrived: coveredwagons, tents, and stock as far as you could see covered the Missouri River

bottom. Council Bluffs was only a city during emigrant season, and then

deserted, only a few [people] remaining to guard stores and warehouses.

While the travel of emigrants was congregating here. all kinds of gambling

was in full blast. Finally the boat arrived and we had todrive about twelve

miles up the river on account of high water. We were among the first to puii

out and were not long detained in crossing. .03

2

N \\\5150

Here's a story one travelerwrote about his trip west. In1853 G.M. West Joined a wagontrain bound for Oregon. He wasonly 17 years old, but accompa-nied some Iowa neighbors tohelp with the livestock. Hedescribed Council Bluffs as awild and strange place. tgox team: oxen thatpull o plow or wagon

) en- Icy-ants: people whcleave one piece tosettle: in onother

Ask Yourself

The Goldfinch 13.

DIMLING INTO LIOCA.. 1111STRY (continued)

Take a look at three

articles and a photo we

took from Jefferson's news-

paper, The Jefferson Bee.

This page was called"The

Quill." It was written in1970 by Jefferson High

School students and was

included with the regular

newspaper.

sociology:the stuav ofgroups or people

12 The Goldfinch

Sue and Peg, students at Jefferson riidn 5c-cc. in '970 took the same classes. Which one is Sue?

Which one is Pea? Can you guess from the CIL:eS eiCiW? We cant deGiGle.

Sue and Peg share identical courses,live in different worlds

Sue Wilcox and Peg Whiteleygave some extremely interestinginformation about themselvesto heput exclusively into THE QUILL!

Sue and Peg both take EnglishIV, French III. sociologyand speechin school. From here on, each goesinto her own special world.

Sue begins her activities ofcheerleading, Pep Club. StudentCouncil, and secretary of the Senior

Class.Sue says, "As far as school goes,

r)I)

I hope to attend the University ofDenver. My other plans ... it's reallyhard to tell! I also hope to graduate!"

Peg Whiteley's world includessinging in the choir, playing clarinet inthe band, working as a waitress atSchall's, and being a pompom girl.

Peg's hobby is R.R. White 'herboyfriend I. Unnecessary separation is

the one thing she can't stand!Peg plans to "go to school at

American Beauty Schoolthen getmarried!"

Jeff observes Earth DayWednesday, April 22, was Earth

Day at Jefferson High Schoolas wellas all over the United States.

To observe the day severalstudents worked on posters andbulletin boards. Jackie Miles putposters along the halls with snappysayings such as "Want to dosomething for your country? Clean

your locker."Several classes observed

the Day by discussingpollution during class. InJunior English thestudents were asked to writetheir ideas and present them tothe class.

Also there were individuals whowent around the halls picking uppapers. Joyce Hastings, who lives

three miles from school.walked to

school: this took 55 minutes. JoyceBatcheller had a birthday and waspresented a mud cake, saying "Happy

Irthday, Joyce." ffi

Junior class presents`70 Prom with theme:`The Wizard of Oz'

The junior class presented "TheWizard of Oz" on Saturday evening,

April 25. at 6:30 p.m. in the gym and

theater. .. . The servers for the

banquetwere dressed asmunchkins. The girlswore long colored dressesand white aprons and bonnets.The boys wore green vests and hatsand white pants and shirts.

The menu was served by themunchkins. It consisted of Filet ofLion Loin (pork loin), MunchkinSpuds (baked potatoes), KansasKernels (corn). Emerald Salad (Jellosalad), Toto Biscuits (hot bread),Ozzie's Special (milk), Wicked Witch'sBrew (coffee) and Dorothy's Delight(ice cream dessert). ffi

14 The Goldfinch 13

50701,

ft or t

Shetland ponies:small ponies Mtnshaggy acts

14 The Goldfinch

20 ICONS INTO LOCAL HISTORY (continued)

Local museums, historical societies, and libraries are full ofcommunity history. Just look at what we discovered at theGrout Museum in Waterloo:

Tongues of fire shoot through awindow and a man screams.People start running and callingfor help. The volunteer firefighters come running. Theyaren't all alike, however, foramong the tall men busilypumping water and breakingdown doors are a couple ofsmaller fire fighters. . . muchsmaller.

The Hope Boys Juvenile Fire

Department of Waterloo was notjust a club or fundraising group.Back in 1879 when most build-ings were made of wood, fireswere even more dangerous thanthey are now. When a fire brokeout, everybody was needed tohelp and the Hope Boys actuallystood side-by-side with theadults to fight fires. When thealarms went off, the Hope Boyswould jump out of bed, or evenrun out of their classrooms tohelp. They had their own minia-

15

ture water pumper called theWater Lily. The Hope Boys were12 to 17 years old, had their ownuniforms and even their ownmascot: a bulldog. Duringparades, six white Shetlandponies pulled the Water Lilydown the street accompanied bythe proud boys dressed all In red.

Ask Yourself

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The Hcoe 5oys to the rescue! Yes, Waterloo boys helped fight fires in the 1870s. (Check out their

unifcr,-.51 .,an you find any photographs of kid organizations in your town?

7 6

RFST COPY HAIM.1lic Goldfinch 15

Newspapers can be a great source of localhistory. Not only do they tell the daily world

news, but they also report the BIG news aroundtown. Some of the following events made local

headlines. And some of these events were foundin local historiesalso rich in fun facts. FromCouncil Bluffs, Waterloo, and Jefferson, here is

Goldie's Top 10 list of TRUE weird stories.

c3f;

Int tWhateirloof, the etast and west sides

library. In 1903, Andrew Carnegie gave$40,000 to the town for a new library. The mayorsuggested building a mid-river libraryon a new

bridge. Common sense won over, however, and thetwo sides of town split the money andeach built a library.

In 1939, Jefferson experienced atelephone war after the Jefferson

Telephone Company consolidated. Manycustomers removed their phones to protest theextra charge to call nearby towns after 35years of free service. During the time withoutphones, boys on bicycles carried messages

between merchants in Jefferson.

On Halloween 1903, Council BluffsPolice Chief Richmond questioned a group of troublesomeboys. Instead of punishing them, he decided to give them ajob. He began a 25-member boy police squad. Each boyreceived a gold star and a club just like adult officers. Butthe boy police had a special job. They prevented other boysfrom doing what they shouldn't do. Twenty-five new boys

were selected each year. Hundreds of boysshowed up hoping to be chosen.

In 1897, a curfew was put into effect in Jefferson.All children under 18 years old were not allowed tobe on the streets or in public places after 9 P.M.

from March 1 to August 31 and after8 P.M. the rest of the year unless accom-

panied by a parent or guardian. If parents allowedchildren out after the curfew without a reason,they could be fined $10. A policeman could arrestany child out after the curfew.

In November 1920, one of the biggestmail train robberies took place in CouncilBluffs. Four youths stole about $3.5

million. A seven-car train traveling east on theBurlington Railroad contained governmentbonds and cash. The youths were caught butnot all of the money was found. Some ofburned and some ofIt was throwninto the river.

1 7

<2.

0 During the Fourth of July celebration in1861, two full infantry companies drilled for a crowdof people in Jefferson before leaving for battle in the

Civil War. Several men had no boots, so theyblackened their bare feet to create the illusion thatthey were wearing boots.

In the early days,C cows roamed the

streets of Waterloo until aMrs. Leavitt, disapproving of"cows at large in town," leda petition drive to get the animalsoff the streets. The petition became law in 1871. Itdid not allow animals to "run at large between thehours of 9 P.M. and 4 A.M. under a penalty of$10.

17.oi

In 1925, five bandits tried to crack a safe In theFarlin Savings Bank in Jefferson. The robbers first

Socut the telephone lines running east,west, and north of the bank, but they

forgot to cut the south line. Then they tried to blowopen the safe with explosives. The explosionwrecked the bank vault door, woke the towns-people, but didn't open the safe. Even though mostof the people couldn't use their phones, one man onthe south line called the sheriff. The sheriff arrivedJust in time to nab the robbers.

Art by Mary Moye-Rowley

An enormous flood in Waterloo in July1902 proved the need for a new sewer. The DryRun Sewer project was built as a result. In orderto celebrate the event, a banquet was held in thenewly completed sewer in October 1903. Theunderground banquet took place in a block-longsection of the sewer between Wellington andRandolph streets. Guests drank Dry Run Punchand were entertained by an orchestra and a

singing group.

In 1870, a new brick highschool was built in Council Bluffs.

However, students and the publiccomplained about the location. The school

was built on a hill between Fifth Avenue andHigh School Avenue. "Many students

have been forced to quit school fromtoo much high climbing, " said oneman. One merchant's ad in a highschool yearbook suggested using

parachutes to descend the hill. Fourstudents survived the daily climb

up the hill and became the firstgraduating class of 1874.

Ask Yourself0 Why do you think people thought these stories were

important enough to record?

What are some tales about your town that you can

turn Into news stories?

What turns normal peopleinto

strange cheerleaders?

Boosters inIowa

eople in Council Bluffs built ar- giant five-story teepee in1898, complete with electric lights.Business leaders in Waterloo helda fancy dinner in an undergroundsewer. Jefferson folks threw a bigground-plowing contest. Whatmade grown-ups do these strangethings? For the answer, a younghistorian needs to examineboosterism.

To "boost" for your hometown means to cheer, or even bragabout where you live. Communityleaders like to boost their city in

Ya gotta have a gimmickOne good way to boost your city isto have a special event or festival.Nowadays Council Bluffs has a re-enactment of Lewis and Clark'svisit. Jefferson holds a Bell TowerFestival which features bed racesand corn throwing contests.Waterloo chooses a week called

18 The Goldfinch

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41*

I 7:7

-t,gh school eiris in their flower-petal dresses stroll clown Jefferson streets for May Day Festivals.

order to attract new people,businesses, and money.

In the late 1800s, manypeople in Iowa wanted their citiesto grow and prosper. They startedbooster clubs where people couldmeet and talk about ways toimprove their cities. Since every

"MY WATERLOO DAYS" in whichpeople fly hot air balloons, racecanoes, and chow down in eatingcontests.

Over the years, Iowa has seenzillions of other events. Some wereone-time events, some becameyearly traditions, while others wereleft behind in dusty record books.

BEST COPY AVAILABLE 19

city is different, boosters wereinterested in telling people whatwas so special about their home.Boosters bragged about how goodthe local schools were, how hard-working the local people were, andhow beautiful the area was. Mostof all, boosters would talk about

Which ones would you have wantedto attend??TRANS-MISSISSIPPI AND INTERNA-TIONAL EXPOIt's a mouthful, butIn 1898 Council Bluffs helped thecity of Omaha sponsor this five-month-long fair. Hundreds of specialstages and buildings were built.Thousands of Indians representing

how much potential their city had.Every booster wanted their city togrow as rich and important asChicago or New York City.

Special stunts and fairsIn order to boost their home-towns, many silly and seriousideas were developed. Some citiestried to advertise themselves byspecial stunts, fairs, or festivals(see below). A number of cities

tried to give themselves nick-names that everyone wouldremember. Some nicknames don'tsound so great today. Waterlooproudly called itself "The City of

One Hundred Smokestacks" and"The Factory City." Businessleaders went around boasting that

Ile Waterloo Way Wins." Othernicknames are more recent.Jefferson calls itself "The City On

The Rise." Today Council Bluffs

different tribes formed encampmentsaround the grounds. Displays ofeverything from farm machines tozoo animals were set up. Everythingwas designed to entertain visitorsand to demonstrate the greatness ofthe western U.S.especially Omahaand Council Bluffs.MAY DAY FESTIVALSIn the early

likes to be known as "The BlackSquirrel Capital of the World."Many booster clubs sponsoredpamphlets and books to explainwhy their hometown was awonderful place. One book aboutCouncil Bluffs bragged that it was:"one of the finest cities of one ofthe greatest states of the grandestcountry on the th:. globe!"

The finest, greatest, grandest.. .Phwew! Historians learn to becareful around that kind ofenthusiasm. In order to boastabout how great their city was,some boosters would exaggerateSometimes boosters thought theycould attract more people to moveto their hometown by saying thattheir town was bigger, or cleaner,or more modern than it actua'ly

was. The best way to checkinformation you suspect may have

1900s, Jefferson held parades inwhich the local high school girlswould dress up like flowers and strolldown the streets.

A PRAIRIDRAMAThis show hadmore than 1,250 people acting outthe history of Waterloo! The 1954bash Included a big bang ending thatsimulated the explosion of an atomic

20

-4(

been exaggerated is to comparesources.

People were proud of theircities and wanted everyone toknow it. Boosterism worked.Cities all across Iowa grew inpopulation and attracted newbusinesses, thanks to a differentkind of cheerleading.

exaggerate: to make somethingseem larger or greater than it really is

bomb. They also held a beard-growing contest.

AN AGRIRAMAJefferson proudlysponsored an event with all sorts ofground-breaking plow races in 1966.

5\0oted\ 0'0,6 vy.e,mode`,toted

The Goldfinch 19

TAKE THE CEMETERY HOMEAN OUTSTRETCHED HAND THRUSTS OUT OF THE GROUND. AN

EERIE GREENISH GLOW HOVERS ABOVE A GRAVE. A FLU MOON.

A WOLF HOWLS. AAAAAAA!

Cemeteries during the day, though, are actually beautiful places. Andto a local historian, cemeteries are places that are filled with infor-

mation they cannot get anywhere else. A true historian doesn't thinkcemeteries are that creepy either. After all, cemeteries are filled withgood feelings. Gravestones are not put up out of sadness. Usually they areput up out of love.

Gravestones often have pictures, designs, or words on them that cantell you about the time that person lived. Sometimes gravestones are verysimple, just a name and date. But sometimes they will tell you a lot aboutthat person's life ("Jonas, beloved son of Hannah and Peter Johansson,died In the Pacific in 1944"). You may see a poem or a saying from theBible. Sometimes the pictures on gravestones are beautiful or strange.Look at the names of people and see if you can notice any patterns. Canyou see the gravestones of whole families? Did many people seem to dieduring the same time? Why might that be? gt.

To make a gravestone rubbing, you need:0 A large piece of paper (the thinner the better)

e A big fat crayon, pencil, or stick of artist's charcoal

0 Some masking tapeTape the paper over the side of the gravestone you want. Now

rub the side of your crayon, pencil, or charcoal gently across

the paper. You should see the design or words that are carved

Into the stone, begin to appear. Sometimes by creating

rubbings, you can see things you couldn't see before. It's

almost ... SPOOKY. 23

21

vw111

Ripping Through PhotosYou visit your grandparents house. Flipping through a dusty photo album, you come across

some cool old pictures. What do you see? Test your powers of concentration below.

I . -

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Ili! aestionsaout what you w

Look a& photo for30 seconas and turn &p u

The Goldfinch 21.

E

F4opin9 Mtvugh Photos (continued)

y looking at clues in oldphotos you can figure out a

lot about where, why, and whatthe pictures were about. Some-times these clues are easy. A datemight be written on the back, orit's a birthday party photo and youcan see how many candles are onthe cake. Sometimes the clues areharder. Look at the style ofclothes or buildings in the photo.To be an expert historian, youneed to look as carefully as youcan at the important and unimpor-tant things in a picture.

Everyone looks at photos

22 The Goldfinch.

;\st "..

7.1 .

differently. Here's what JessicaBergman. 10, had to say about thisphotograph: "I see little kidscould be twinswith pets. I likepictures of kids and I like pets.I thought it was cute and I likeanimals and little kids. They couldhave gotten together to do a petshow. What do you think?"

A historian' s point of view

Historians like to askquestions before they even look atthe photo. Questions like:

"Who took this photo?Where did this photo come from?Was it in an attic? Who's attic? Isthere are date on the back?"

Then a historian looks atthe details of the picture.

"What's the occasion? Isthat a Christmas tree in thebackground? What are they sittingon? Is that a bench? It seems

23

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awfully high up Maybe it is somesort of saw horse."

"Can I tell how old it is fromthe clothes?"

Some clues to fook atThe shoes are high-top, lace-up

shoes. These shoes were commonaround 1900.

The three boys are all wearingshort knickers instead of pants.This was also common around1900.

This photo shows three boysand one girl. Many boys used towear their hair in ringlets whenthey were small. So the boy withthe curls (last on left) is probablyyounger than the other boys.The girl is probably wearing aplay smock over her dress to keepit from getting dirty.

The next time you see an oldphoto, try looking at it as a localhistorian not as a local

1\k,\

You've ordered a largepizza with sausage and

you've Just put down thephone. You're about to closethe phone book and put Itaway. BUT WAIT! This Is anexcellent moment to conduct ahistorical investigation beforeyour pizza arrives.

A historian like yourselfcan find out quite a lot fromnew and old phone books, andwe don't Just mean the numberof that cute kid in your scienceclass. A phone book can tellyou about what kinds of peoplelive In your community, andwhat their lives might be like.

O Just for starters, try sittingon it. How much taller does Itmake you? Three inches, fourinches? The thicker the book,that larger your community.

O Now look up "Smith." Do youhave a lot of people with the samelast names? Looking at names cantell you about the ethnic make-up ofyour town. If you have n lot of"Mims" you may have a large Korean-American community nearby. If youhave a lot of "McGuires," perhapsyou live near a lot of Irish-Americanfamilies. If you look at a really oldphone book in your library orhistorical society, you can check tosee if the names were the samethen. Did a lot of people with similarlast names begin to get telephonesat the same time? Maybe at thattime there was a lot of immigrationto your town.

O Check out the addresses. Dopeople with the same type of lastnames live near each other? Havethe names of the people In theseneighborhoods changed? There werea lot of Muellers on the north side oftown in 1935, for example. But nowthat area is full of Nguyens (pro-nounced "win"). Have severalCambodian families recently moved

there?

0 And then there are the YellowPages... chock full o' history. Just

4

look at the ads. You can find outwhere to order a pizza and you canalso find out how old that pizzaparlor is. Many advertisements saythings like "founded in 1960" or"serving you proudly since 1890."Can you find an advertisement thasays it's a "family business?' Howlong do you think they've beenaround?

O From the ads, you can tell whatkinds of businesses your town has.Notice any trends? Do you have alot of hotels? Maybe your townattracts tourists. Have there alwaysbeen computer stores around?Think about it.

P.S. Don't forget to tip thepizza person.

* * **** * * * * **** WHO'S 'vailliA0

When you start to do local history, you always come across Interesting people from the past and present. Here are a fewwe found who lived in Waterloo, Council Bluffs, and Jefferson.

NAME: Trace SpencerLIVED: 1977- presentDESCRIPTION: Singing her heart out onMTV with songs like "Save Your Love' andThis Time Make It Funky" from her album,

Make the DifferenceKNOWN TO SPEND TIME IN: Waterloo,:mere sne grew up singing, with her fatherand her brother, "Sir Spence." Trace usedto Spend hours and hours in her roomsinging. Her first real audience was at the'owa State Fair when she was 10 yearsold. She won the Sturgis Falls Competi-tion.KNOWN FOR: Being a fantastic teenagesinging star.LAST HEARD SAYING: "Since I'm an oldlady of 15 now, don't anyone dare call mecute anymore... I'm bad now!"

24 The Goldfinch

NAME: Amelia Jenks BloomerLIVED: 1818-1894DESCRIPTION: Wearing a snort fullskirt with a pair of loose pants gatheredtightly around her anklesKNOWN TO SPEND TIME IN: CouncilBluffs. She moved there in 1855 andalthough she traveled widely, sne alwaysconsidered Council bluffs her home.KNOWN FOR: Supporting women'srights and the temperance t anti-alcohol)movement. She was especia:ty famous forpopularizing the clothing known as"bloomers:. baggy pants worn underneatha shorter skirt.LAST HEARD SAYING: "Give [a woman)her rights and her own good sense will

teach her how to use them."

Bra MY MUMBLE(1414 0

NAME: George Horace GallupLIVED:1901-1984DESCRIPTION: Over six feet tall andknown for his questioning minaKNOWN TO SPEND TIME IN:Jefferson, where he sold milk from sixcows his father gave him. He used the.money to buy uniforms and equipment forhis sch001.5 football and basketballteams.KNOWN FOR: Popularizing the scientificopinion poll, the Gallup Poll. He foundedthe American Institute of Public Opinion ,r11935 and has been asking questions eversince in order to find out what people arethinking about.LAST HEARD SAYING: "People now havea chance to have their views known.""Name? Address? Occupation?" .Z1.1

It's Al in the Name PuzzleIt was a Cold Spring when Louisa

visited Paris...

Class is about to start. You noticethe new kid next to you. You try not tostare. You wonder what his name Is. Helooks like a fun kid.. Bart: yah, likeBart Simpson. The teacher introduceshim as "Earvin." You suppress a giggle.Maybe, his nickname IsMagic?

You see. names ARE Important.Names can tell you about a place or a

person. Names can Isu give you Ideas orimpressions. Names of places sometimesdescribe what they look like. That's whynames sometimes change. Discoveringthe history of names can tell you aboutyour local history. What's the name ofthe place you live in?

Does it describe what theenvironment looks like: Cold Springs,Fertile, Strawberry Point, Waterville, Lone

Tree?

Or Is it the name of a person or apeople: Washington, Louisa, Pocahontas.Sioux City, Fredericksburg, Scotch Grove,Swedesburg?

Maybe it's named after anotherplace: California Junction, Paris, Norway,East Peru, Moscow, Jamaica?

Perhaps it's from different Indianlanguages: Ottumwa ("rumbling water"),Seneca ("place of stone"), Washta("good"). Nodaway ("snakes")?

Or from other languages: BellePlaine (French for "beautiful plain"),Amana (German for "remaia faithful"),Eldorado (Spanish for "land of gold")?

Maybe It's something completelydifferent: Cylinder, Coln, What Cheer,Diagonal. Independence, Thor, Hopevilie?

See if you can do the crosswordpuzzle on this page. The answers are in

this column, ffi

Psstl This crossword puzzle is full of names of Iowa towns. You canfind all the answers in the list to the left.

ACROSS:2. Freedom4. Chilly water5. Metal money6 If Louis i5 a boy's name, a girl'sname might be

b. A wet town?9. Norwegians are from there11. An Indian word for "noisy water"

13. Frederick's hometown?

26

DOWN:1. An Indian word for "a stonyplace"

3. Slanted4. Nobody in this town i5 a square7. It sounds like a place where"Sue" might want to live.10. The first president of theUnited States12. It sounds like everybody in this

town washes a lot.

The Goldfinch 25

OLDPLACES

by Barbara Belling Long

Lat the style of buildingsL. in your town. They've gone

through lots of changes over theyears. Many buildings are alteredover the years. But architecturalstyles change, too, not as quicklyas fashion trends, but slowly overdecades.

Let's take a look at threetypes of buildings in Waterloowhere people lived, worked, andwent to school. Imagine you arelistening to the radio and hearingthe voices of people who lived,worked, or went to school inthese buildings. Read their wordsand match the quotes to thebuilding type.

This activity is adapted from I Know thatBuilding! Discovering Architecture withActivities and Games by Jane D'Alelio(Preservation Press/National Trust forHistoric Preservation, 1989).

26 The Goldfinch tn_ 7

ll )1rilitilliar1=1 '

i) ri

II MIM.1,p, ism IN 1111110

Match these quotes to the drawings of buildings.

O "Our porch was small, but looked out on the sheet. Mygrandpa and I sat on the porch and watched spiders makewebs on the bumpy parts of the porch columns."

o "My parents built a house with a wide overhang roofwhich helped keep everything shaded in summertime."

o "Our stone school used to be a mile out of town, butnow the town has grown out around it. We didn't have abell tower so when recess was over, our teacher had tostand outside the door and ring a cow bell."

O "My sister and I began high school in the 1920s. Ourschool was so big that at local football games they neverhad enough tickets. Our flagpole was gianteven tallerthan our school."

"My uncle was a volunteer firefighter and used to go tomeetings in the engine house. The building had two storiesso that there was sleeping and meeting spaces above,

while the hourses and equipment were kept below. You'dnever know it was a firestation because it had such prettystripes around each window."

"My ;:randfather used to take the wagon to the fancybank building. You could tell Waterloo was an importanttown because the bank looked like a castle. It had archesand little towers on top." 1213

IlluatratIona by May Moye-Rowley

r8 The Goldfinch 27

HISTORY BUFFSTO THERESCUE

4:

nearing that one of Iowa'smost famous historic sites

might be closed because of lackof funds, some Iowa kids tookaction last summer. Overlookingthe northeastern town ofClermont, the Montauk historicsite was built in 1874 by our 12thgovernor, William Larrabee. Hefilled this elegant 14-roommansion with furnishings fromaround the world.

Kids from the WindfieldSummer Session in Cedar Fallsthought that they could make and

28 The Goldfinch

We first heard about the storybelow from a story on a Waterloo

television station.

sell a quilt to help saveMontauk. The quilt wasdesigned and constructed bythe group in an attempt tokeep Montauk open. Thequilt will he raffled offwith all of the money

going to the Clermont HistoricalSociety. "It's important that otherchildren see those things." saidstudent Whitney McGinn. "Wewant to keep it open."

100,000 PinesEach square in the quilt representssomething from or about theI-arrabee house. "We're makingthis quilt to keep GovernorLarrabee's mansion open," saidLeslie Montz, "because we like itand so our parents can see it."Nicole Corbett made a seashelldesign in honor of Anna AppelmanLarrahee's seashell collection. BenBottke sewed a square with a

rl4., t.i

picture of one of GovernorLarabee's canes. MatthewEmerson used a pine tree torepresent one of the 100,000 pinetrees on the 4(3-acre estate.

"It's neat that they kepteverything that they had in there,"said Emily Rechkemmer. "I likedtheir home," added HeatherCarlson. "I could live there."

Montauk remains openthanks to the concern expressedby the public statewide, supportfrom Clermont communitymembers, and the efforts of theseyoung history buffs.

ill8tOY*00.11.171.6 .Goldfnch wantsscoveries In iowa hi for 41

.

tvarlyistorte.*, poems, drawings, ar other'levia:hietepj,"pleaee end'tiient

Skyreelie'Otion to aweecomiti

t,tu.#st ies

z voi:,oe eenvironmenta

A VISIT TO THE CEMETERY

Another reader, Paul Stone,

11, of Morena Valley,California, wrote to us about doinglocal history at a nearby cemetery:

On our trip to see my grandmaand grandpa in Coloma. California,I asked grandpa to take me to visitthe old timers' graveyard. Myclass at Ridge Crest Elementary isstudying the gold rush.. .. As mymom and I were walking throughthe graveyard, we stopped to readsome of the headstones. As wewalked around I found a grave thatbelonged to a man who fought inthe Mexican War. he was aprivate. He was born in 1823 anddied in 1902. Most of the graves

Gold Rush: (1648-1850s)people rushed to California

old &inn this tirne

were sectioned off by cement andwrought-iron fences. I was sur-prised to see that whole familieshad been buried in one section.This cemetery is one of 21 cem-eteries from the gold rush era. Ifelt that no matter where I walkedI was walking on someone's grave.Grandpa said, "they won't hurtyou."

As we were leaving, Mom

read a plaque that said there wereabout 400 to 500 gold rushers whowere buried in this cemetery.Most of the stones were missing,so you had to watch where youwere walking. Grandpa said morethan likely they were buried on

:3 0

top,of each other because thecemetery was not very big andthey didn't keep track of whereanyone was buried. Mom alsoread that two men had been hungin the cemetery.

Grandpa told me that people'came from all over the world tofind the gold, most of them died ata very young age, and very fewever found gold. As we wereleaving, all I could think of was,REST IN PEACE.

Mexican War: (:836-1848)..i.cr ie United States

eve- one .arc-.TA; ;Mexico, Arizona,

:`,:evado Utah, and Conform°

The Goldfinch 29

Hey kids, we need your help!After all, we're just grown-ups. Tell us whatYOU think about The Goldfinch. Rate thearticles and activities in this issue, mail it tous at the address below, and well send you afree prize!

What did you think of (circle one) :1 WHAT'S 50 PRIMO ABOUT LOCAL HISTORY?

excellent okay ugh

2 IOWA KIDS TALKexcellent okay ugh

3 DIGGING INTO LOCAL HISTORYexcellent okay ugh

4 GOLDIE'S TOP TEN NEWS STORIES

excellent okay ugh

. 005TERS IN IOWA

excellent okay ugh

E THE CEMETERY HOME

excellent okay ugh

7 FLIPPING THROUGH PHOTOS:

excellent okay ugh

TELEPHONE BOOK HISTORY:

excellent okay ugh

9 WHO'S WHO:excellent okay ugh

10 ITS ALL IN A NAME PUZZLE:excellent okay ugh

11 OLD PLACES:

excellent okay ugh

Your Name:

Your Address:

Send to: GOLDFINCH SURVEYState Historical Society of Iowa402 Iowa AvenueIowa Cit , Iowa 52240-1806

ANSWERS Page 25:

Pages 26 and 27: (1) 5; (2) 3; (3) 2; (4) 4; (5)1;(6) 6

30 The Goldfinch 31

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32 The Goldfinch 31

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