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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 405 965 PS 025 109
TITLE Make Kids Count in '96: Hawaii Kids Count 1996 DataBook.
INSTITUTION Hawaii Kids Count, Honolulu.SPONS AGENCY Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.PUB DATE 96NOTE 111p.; For 1995 Data Book, see PS 025 109.PUB TYPE Statistical Data (110) Reports Descriptive (141)
EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; Child Health; *Children;
Dropout Rate; Early Parenthood; Elementary SecondaryEducation; Family (Sociological Unit); InfantMortality; One Parent Family; Poverty; PreschoolEducation; *Social Indicators; State Surveys;Statistical Surveys; Tables (Data); *Well Being;Youth Problems
IDENTIFIERS Child Mortality; *Hawaii; *Indicators
ABSTRACTThis KIDS COUNT statistical report is the second to
examine indicators of children's well-being in Hawaii. The bulk ofthe report is comprised of the indicator results and is divided intofour major sections: (1) family composition and resources, includingchildren in poverty, children in single parent families, births tosingle teens, and children with health insurance; (2) infancy andpreschool years, including births with low birth weight, infantmortality rate, school readiness, children at risk for developmentalproblems, immunization rates for 2-year-olds, and child abuse andneglect rates; (3) early school years, including child death rates,children of working parents in after school programs, fourth graders'academic progress, and children with special needs; and (4)adolescence and youth, including eighth graders' academic progress,high school graduation rates, teens not connected to any productiveactivity, substance use, teenage pregnancy, teen violent deaths, andjuvenile arrest rates for violent crimes. County, gender, andethnicity comparisons are made for some indicators. The report alsoprovides a demographic profile of Hawaiian children, suggestsconditions needed for children to succeed, compares Hawaiian data tonational data, and details the report's methodology and data sources.(KDFB)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
***********************************************************************
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D
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we
asse
d th
roug
hliv
es a
nd ,d
idile
sslh
aina
ti,es
eoul
cbto
belp
our
chi
ldre
n..
Nor
ma;
Bit:
Ofi
ivn,
v; r
elsk
ent,
1V;I
C K
ello
gg F
ound
litio
i1-
.
' *K
.
HA
WA
I'I K
IDS
CO
UN
T'4
1996
DA
TA
BO
O
'
iB
ESI
CO
PY:A
VA
iLA
BL
E.
Kid
5. C
OU
NT
iN H
IM/A
PI)
Thi
s is
an
annu
al-r
epor
t on
the
wel
l-be
ing
of k
ids
in H
awai
i. It
was
pro
duce
d by
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nta
colla
bora
tion
of th
e U
nive
rsity
of
Haw
aii a
t Man
oa C
ente
r on
the
Fam
ily, t
he G
over
nor's
Off
ice
of C
hild
ren
and
You
th, a
nd th
eH
awai
i Com
mun
ity
Sery
ices
Cou
ncil
with
fun
ds f
rom
the
Ann
ie E
. Cas
ey F
ound
atio
n.
ER
RA
TU
MA
ll ph
otog
raph
s ar
e co
pyrig
hted
imag
es.
For
info
rmat
ion
abou
t use
, con
tact
indi
tivua
l pho
togr
aphe
rs:
Tam
i Daw
son,
Pho
to R
esou
rce
Haw
aii
Hon
olul
u A
dver
tiser
Per
mis
sion
to c
opy
all o
r po
rtio
ns o
f thi
s re
port
is g
rant
edso
long
as
HA
WA
II K
IDS
CO
UN
T is
ackn
owle
dged
as
the
sour
ce in
any
rep
rodu
ctio
n, q
uota
tion,
or u
se.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
EA
CIi
. DA
y IN
HA
WA
II
1 in
6 li
ve in
pov
erty
;
over
1 in
5 li
ve w
ith a
sin
gle
pare
nt;
The
re a
re o
ver
315,
000
kids
in8
babi
es a
re b
orn
who
se m
othe
rs d
id n
ot g
et p
rena
tal c
are
in th
e fi
rst t
rim
este
r;
Hat
Var
i who
exp
erie
nce
the
3 ba
bies
are
bor
n w
ith d
ange
rous
ly lo
w w
eigh
t(l
ess,
than
5.5
pou
nds)
;
ther
e ar
e 5
or 6
bir
ths
to te
en m
oms,
80%
of
who
m a
re n
otm
arri
ed;
11 r
epor
ts o
f ch
ild a
buse
are
mad
e, 5
6% o
f w
hich
will
be
conf
irm
ed; a
nd
ther
e ar
e 13
you
ths
arre
sted
for
ser
ious
cri
mes
;
IN A
DD
ITIO
N::
1.in
fant
die
s ev
ery
3 da
ys;
1 ch
ild d
ies
near
ly e
very
wee
k; a
nd
ther
e ar
e 2.
5 te
en ,d
eath
s fr
om h
omic
ide,
sui
cide
, ora
ccid
ent e
very
mon
th.
1996
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
Va.
ikbi
l Of C
ON
TE
NT
S
Ack
now
ledg
men
ts4
Ove
rvie
w o
f In
dica
tors
and
Sum
mar
y of
-Fin
ding
s5
Dem
ogra
phic
Pro
file
of
Haw
ai`i
'S K
ids
6O
ur V
isio
n fo
r H
awai
Ts
Kid
s8
Fam
ily C
ompo
sitio
n an
d R
esou
rces
9C
hild
ren
in, P
over
tyC
hild
ren
inSi
ngle
Par
ent F
amili
es13
Bir
ths.
to S
ingl
e-T
eens
14C
hild
ren
with
Hea
lth I
nsur
ance
15C
ost o
f Sh
elte
rI
6In
fanc
y an
d Pr
esch
ool Y
ears
17E
arly
Pre
nata
l Car
e20
Low
-Bir
th-W
eigh
t Inf
ants
.)
Infa
nt M
orta
lity
Fully
Im
mun
ized
Tw
o-Y
ear
Old
s23
Chi
ldre
n A
t Ris
k fo
r D
evel
opm
enta
l Pro
blem
sPr
epar
ing
for
Scho
ol25
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
(B
irth
thro
ugh
Age
5)
)6E
arly
Sch
ool Y
ears
27,C
hild
Dea
ths
30C
hild
ren
of W
orki
ng,P
aren
ts in
Aft
er S
choo
l Pro
gram
31M
easu
ring
Aca
dem
ic P
rogr
ess
Aca
dem
ic P
rogr
ess
33C
hild
ren
with
Spe
cial
Nee
ds34
Oth
er E
duca
tiona
l Mea
sure
s in
Ele
men
tary
Yea
rs35
Chi
ld A
buSe
and
Neg
lect
(A
ges
6 th
roug
h 11
)36
Ado
lesc
ence
and
You
th.
37A
cade
mic
Pro
gres
s40
Oth
er E
duca
tiona
l Mea
sure
s in
Sec
onda
ry S
choo
l Yea
rs41
Hig
h Sc
hool
Gra
duat
ion
Idle
Tee
ns43
Juve
nile
Arr
ests
for
Vio
lent
Cri
mes
44Su
bsta
nce
Use
45T
eena
ge P
regn
ancy
46A
buse
and
Neg
lect
(A
geg
12 th
roug
h 17
)47
Tee
n V
iole
nt D
eath
s (A
ges
15 th
roug
h 19
)48
.W
hat C
an B
e D
one
49T
rend
s in
Bas
ic I
ndic
ator
s: H
awai
`i a
nd U
S50
Met
hodo
logy
and
Sou
rces
5211
AC
k1,4
1 O
WIL
Edg
ME
NT
S PR
OJE
CT
. PA
RT
NE
RS
Gov
erno
r's O
ffic
e of
Chi
ldre
n an
d Y
outh
: Dr.
She
ila F
oim
an, a
nd M
ary
Bro
gan,
Hai
vai`
i
Com
mun
ity S
ervi
ces
Cou
ncil:
Dan
Wat
anab
e, U
nive
rsity
of
Haw
aii a
t Man
oa C
ente
r on
the
Fam
ily: D
r. S
ylvi
a Y
uen
1996
AD
VIS
OR
Y C
OU
NC
ILM
yron
Tho
mps
on, C
hair
; Sha
ron
Agn
ew, D
r. L
aura
Arm
stro
ng, D
r. J
. Kuh
io A
sam
, M.D
., St
epha
nie
Ave
iro,
Lin
da B
uck,
Sen
. Ave
ry C
hum
bley
, Don
na F
aith
Eld
redg
e, L
oret
ta F
uddy
, Den
nis
Fujii
, Rol
land
Gel
la, J
oann
Hal
e, C
hris
toph
er H
odge
, Lou
ise
Ing,
Arl
ene
Iwan
o, D
r., S
alva
tore
Lan
zilo
tte, D
r. M
itsug
i
-Nak
ashi
ma,
Rep
. Suz
anne
Chu
n O
akla
nd, W
esle
y Pa
rk, I
vale
e Si
ncla
ir, K
ate.
Sta
nley
, Mur
ray
Tow
ill,
Judg
e Iw
ilani
Whi
te, a
nd L
ily K
. Yao
.
DA
TA
TE
AM
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
: Dr.
Alv
in O
naka
, Chi
ef, O
ffic
e of
Hea
lth S
tatu
s M
onito
ring
; Lor
etta
Fud
dy,-
Chi
ef,
Mat
erna
l and
Chi
ld H
ealth
Bra
nch;
Mar
ney
Mile
s; H
ealth
Pro
mot
ion
Bra
nch;
Dr.
Jea
n Jo
hnso
n, D
irec
tor,
Zer
o-to
-Thi
ve H
awai
i Pro
ject
; Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Ser
vice
s; D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n: D
'r. G
lenn
Hir
ata,
Lin
da C
hung
, Tom
Sak
a, T
ed S
tout
; Dep
artm
ent o
f th
e A
ttorn
ey G
ener
al: D
r. T
om G
reen
,C
hief
of R
esea
rch
and
Stat
istic
s, C
rim
e Pr
even
tion
Div
isio
n; D
epar
tmen
t of
Bus
ines
s,E
Con
oniic
Dev
elop
men
t and
Tou
rism
: Jan
Nak
amot
o.
iH
ELP
FU
L IN
PU
T IN
AN
ALY
SIS
AN
D U
ND
ER
ST
AN
DIN
G'
The
man
y pa
rent
s an
d ch
ildre
n w
ho s
hare
d th
eir
expe
rien
ces;
Par
ents
and
Chi
ldre
n T
oget
her
(PA
CT
)
,H
a'ah
eo M
ansf
ield
, Ham
a L
ike
Mem
bers
of
the
Pare
nt A
dvis
ory
Cou
ncil
and
Sara
Ize
n; D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lthV
irgi
nia
Jack
son,
Man
ny M
ilnes
; San
dra
Potte
r M
arqu
art,
Ear
ly C
hild
hood
Edi
rcat
ion
and
Car
e C
oord
inat
ing
Com
mitt
ee. P
inna
ry w
ritin
g an
d an
alys
is b
y M
arci
aH
arts
ock.
'PH
OT
OG
R-A
PH
Y.A
ND
. DE
SIG
N.
Tam
my
Daw
son,
p. 2
,6,7
,13,
15,1
6,18
,21,
23,3
1,34
. Car
l Viti
, Hon
olul
u A
dver
tiser
, p. 3
9.
Lay
out:
Ito
Des
ign
Ass
ocia
teS
1996
Haw
aii K
ids,
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
13
OV
ER
IAE
W (
I4 li
kKH
CA
1T0[
RS
AN
dSu
rvau
f Ry
[Hild
-Oik
lqS
The
indi
cato
rs f
or th
e H
awai
i' K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
kar
e th
ose
'av
aila
ble
mea
sure
s w
hich
are
con
side
red
to b
em
ost i
ndic
ativ
e of
the
wel
l-be
ing
of H
awai
'i's
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
. The
sear
e
popu
latio
n-ba
sed
num
bers
, sta
ted
as p
erce
nts
or a
s ra
tes
so th
at
uneq
ual g
roup
s ca
n be
com
pare
d. M
ost o
f th
e.in
dica
tors
hav
e tr
end
data
, alth
ough
the
time
peri
od o
f th
e tr
end
may
not
be
iden
tical
in
all c
ases
.
Ten
cor
e in
dica
tors
hav
e be
en id
entif
ied
by th
e na
tiona
l Kid
s
Cou
nt p
rogr
am o
f th
e A
nnie
E: C
asey
Fou
ndat
ion
for
trac
king
and
for
com
pari
son
betw
een
the
stat
es. T
hey
are
perc
ent o
f lo
w-b
irth
-
wei
ght b
abie
s; in
fant
mor
talit
y ra
te; c
hild
dea
th r
ate;
rate
of
birt
hs
to u
nmar
ried
teen
s; ju
veni
le v
iole
nt c
rim
e ar
rest
rat
e, p
erce
nt o
f
teen
s w
ho a
re h
igh
scho
ol d
ropo
uts,
per
cent
of
teen
s no
t
atte
ndin
g sc
hool
and
not
wor
king
, tee
n vi
olen
t dea
thra
te; p
erce
nt
of c
hild
ren
in p
over
ty; a
nd p
erce
nt o
f fa
mili
es w
ith c
hild
ren
head
ed b
y a
sing
le p
aren
t.
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
has
use
d th
e sa
me
indi
cato
rs w
ith th
e
follo
win
g ex
cept
ion:
the
annu
al p
erce
nt o
f te
ens
who
are
high
scho
ol d
ropo
uts
is n
ot a
vaila
ble
at th
e st
ate
leve
l,so
the
high
scho
ol o
n-tim
e gr
adua
tion
rate
is u
sed
inst
ead.
In a
dditi
on, H
awai
i Kid
s C
ount
rep
orts
one
twel
ve o
ther
indi
cato
rs, t
wo
of th
em a
t mor
e th
anon
e ag
e. T
he in
tent
is f
or
thes
e .to
rem
ain
cons
tant
ove
r tim
e. H
owev
er, t
here
are
two
mod
ific
atio
ns f
rom
the
1995
rep
ort:
as a
n in
dica
tion
of s
ubst
ance
use
by te
enag
ers
we
are
usin
g pe
rcen
t rep
ortin
g re
gula
r to
bacc
o
use,
whi
le in
199
5 w
e re
port
ed r
egul
ar u
se o
f al
coho
l; an
d th
e
perc
ent o
f fa
mili
es s
pend
ing
mor
e th
an 3
0% o
f in
com
e on
she
lter
has
been
rep
lace
d by
the
perc
ent o
f fa
mili
es, b
udge
tsp
ent o
n
14
hous
ing
assi
stan
ce. S
core
s fr
om th
e N
atio
nal A
sses
smen
t of
Edu
catio
nal
Prog
ress
(N
AE
P) a
re n
ot
cons
iste
ntly
ava
ilabl
e, s
o th
ese
are
supp
lem
ente
d by
scor
es f
rom
the
Stan
ford
Ach
ieve
men
t Tes
t.
Info
rmat
ion
on c
hild
ren
in s
ingl
e-pa
rent
fam
ilies
and
idle
teen
s is
not
ava
ilabl
e an
nual
ly a
t the
sta
te
leve
l, bu
t the
mos
t rec
ent d
ata
are
incl
uded
as th
ese
are
impo
rtan
t in
asse
ssin
g th
e ge
nera
l wel
l-
bein
g of
chi
ldre
n.
So, h
ow a
re th
e ch
ildre
n an
d fa
mili
es d
oing
? In
nin
e in
dica
tors
, thi
s 19
96re
port
sho
ws
that
ther
e
has
been
impr
ovem
ent s
ince
199
0, w
hile
six
area
s sh
ow th
at th
ey a
re lo
sing
gro
und.
IND
ICA
TO
RS
SN
OW
ING
IMP
RO
VE
ME
NT
, 199
0-19
94
Perc
ent o
f bi
rths
with
ear
ly p
rena
tal c
are
Perc
ent o
f bi
rths
with
low
bir
th-w
eigh
t
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
Perc
ent f
ully
imm
uniz
ed b
y ag
e 2
Perc
ent i
dent
ifie
d at
ris
k fo
r, d
evel
opm
enta
l pro
blem
s
Chi
ld d
eath
rat
e
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
and
neg
lect
, exc
ept a
t age
s 6-
11
Tee
n pr
egna
ncy
rate
Tee
n vi
olen
t dea
th r
ate
WO
RS
EN
ING
CO
ND
ITIO
NS
, 199
0-19
94
Perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n in
pov
erty
Perc
ent o
f fa
mili
es r
ecei
ving
hou
sing
ass
ista
nce
Perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n w
ith w
orki
ng p
aren
ts in
'aft
er-s
choo
lca
re p
rogr
am
Perc
ent g
radu
atin
g hi
gh s
choo
l on
time
Perc
ent o
f te
enag
ers
regu
larl
y us
ing
toba
cco
Rat
e of
juve
nile
s ar
rest
ed f
or v
iole
nt c
rim
es
For
com
pari
son
with
nat
iona
l tre
nds
on c
ore
indi
cato
rs, s
ee p
ages
50-
51.
15
DE
mog
nAph
ic P
utof
ilE o
f H
AW
itidi
FS K
idd
The
re w
ere
292,
616
child
ren
and
yout
h ag
es b
irth
-to
19
in H
awai
i in
1980
. By
1990
, tha
tnum
ber
had
incr
ease
d by
0.5
% to
294,
098.
The
off
icia
l est
imat
e in
199
4, a
ccor
ding
to th
e U
.S. C
ensu
s B
urea
u, w
as 3
19,2
75.
LOC
AT
ION
The
num
bers
gre
w o
n th
e ne
ighb
or is
land
s, b
ut d
ecre
ased
on 0
`ahu
.
CH
ILD
PO
PUL
AT
ION
BY
CO
UN
TY
1990
Hon
olul
u
By
Cou
nty:
1980
% o
f A
ll K
ids
1990
% o
f A
ll K
ids
% c
hang
eH
awai
iH
onol
ulu
228,
567
78.1
121
5,37
873
.23
-5.7
7
Haw
ai`i
29,5
7310
.11
35,8
7412
.20
. 21.
31
K'a
ua`i
12,4
594.
2614
,759
5.02
.18
.5K
auai
Mau
i22
,017
7.52
28,0
879.
5527
.6M
aui
Nea
rly
two-
thir
ds o
f H
awai
Ts
child
ren
and
yout
h. (
63.4
7%)
live
in
urba
nize
d ar
eas,
whi
le o
nly
0.6%
live
in r
ural
far
m a
reas
. Pe
rson
s
unde
r 19
yea
rs o
f ag
e ar
e m
ore
likel
y to
live
in th
e ur
ban
frin
ge,
whi
le a
dults
are
mor
e lik
ely
to li
ve in
the
cent
ral u
rban
are
as.
PR
OP
OR
TIO
N O
F T
hE P
OP
ULA
TIO
N
Chi
ldre
n an
d yo
uth
are
a de
clin
ing
prop
ortio
n of
the
entir
epO
pula
tion,
whi
le th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
thos
e w
ho a
re o
ver
age
64 is
incr
easi
ng:
Age
'19
80 %
of
Tot
al19
90 %
of
Tot
al%
cha
nge
unde
r ag
e 20
32.2
527
.96
-13.
3
over
age
64
7.87
11.2
542
.9
The
dep
ende
ncy
ratio
(co
mpu
ted
by a
ddin
g to
geth
er th
ose
unde
r
15 a
nd th
ose
over
64
and
diV
idin
g by
the
num
ber
of 1
5 to
64 y
eai,
olds
) ha
s in
crea
sed
slig
htly
fri
mn
31.1
5 to
32.
32 d
ue to
the
incr
ease
of
seni
or c
itize
ns.
16
BE
ST C
OPY
MU
M19
96 H
awai
'i K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k1
Erh
Nic
iryIt
is im
poss
ible
to d
etai
l cha
nges
in th
epr
opor
tions
iden
tifyi
ngth
eths
elye
s as
bel
ongi
ng to
the
maj
or e
thni
cgr
oups
in H
awai
i as
the
1980
cen
sus
grou
ped
thes
e di
ffer
ently
. How
eyer
, Haw
ai'i'
s ra
inbo
w
in 1
990
was
com
pose
d as
fol
low
s:
Cau
casi
an30
.22%
Haw
aiia
n18
.36%
Japa
nese
15.7
5%Fi
lipin
o ,
17.4
6 %
'/
Chi
nese
3.79
%Pa
cifi
c Is
land
er'
3.46
%A
fric
an A
mer
ican
,2.
94%
Kor
ean
1.99
%O
ther
6.03
%
1R
CH
ILD
PO
PUL
AT
ION
BY
ET
HN
ICIT
Y -
199
0
Cau
casi
an
Haw
aiia
n
Japa
nese
Fili
pino
Chi
nese
Pae
ifiC
Isla
nder
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an
Kor
ean
Oth
er
rt,
ef,
19
OU
RV
iS80
11F
OR
HA
wA
iTs
Kid
s
Our
vis
ion
is th
at "
Hai
vai
keik
i are
act
ive
part
icip
ants
in a
saf
e, n
urtu
ring
, and
stim
ulat
ing
com
mU
nity
that
enh
ance
s ev
ery
child
's
.opp
ortu
nitie
s to
bec
ome
a pr
oduc
tive,
res
pons
ible
20
adul
t app
reci
ativ
e of
our
cul
tura
l div
ersi
ty a
nd
natu
ral e
nvir
onm
ent."
Haw
aii K
ids
CoU
nt A
dvis
ory
Cou
ncil
Dur
ing
.199
5, th
e ch
ildre
n an
d yo
uth
of o
ur s
tate
wer
e as
ked
to d
evel
op th
eirv
isio
n of
the
futu
re in
Haw
aii.
The
y de
scri
be it
in th
ese
term
s:
The
env
iron
men
t of
Haw
ai `
i is
clea
n an
d po
llutio
n-fr
ee...
Safe
ty is
ass
ured
in o
ur c
omm
uniti
es...
.
Our
eco
nom
y in
clud
es lo
wer
ed ta
xes
and
cost
of
livin
g...w
ith m
any
job
oppo
rtun
ities
...
Edu
catio
n in
Hau
lari
is p
rovi
ded
thro
ugh.
..sch
ools
with
com
pete
nt a
nd q
ualif
ied
facu
lties
. Haw
aiia
n cu
lture
cou
rses
are
wid
ely
avai
labl
e.
The
pre
serv
atio
n of
the
Alo
ha S
piri
t... [
keep
s] th
e un
ique
cul
ture
of
Haw
ai `
i aliv
e.
The
soc
iety
of
ilaw
afi t
hriv
es o
n eq
ualit
y an
d re
spec
t for
all.
.:
Nat
ive
Haw
aiia
ns h
ave
a st
rong
voi
ce in
gov
ernm
ent..
.
Rec
reat
ion
for
yout
h ha
s be
en p
rovi
ded.
..
The
hea
lth o
f th
e pe
ople
of
Haw
ai `
i has
impr
oved
...*
The
har
mon
y be
twee
n th
ese
visi
ons
of th
e pe
ople
and
of
thes
ocie
ty in
Haw
aiT
s fu
ture
is s
trik
ing.
Sol
id in
terg
ener
atio
nal c
oope
ratio
n an
d co
mm
unic
atio
n w
ill b
e re
quir
ed to
Mak
e th
em b
oth
a re
ality
*fro
m T
he C
hild
ren'
S V
isio
n of
Ke
Ala
Hok
u: C
hart
ing
the
Cou
rse
1996
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
our
0 n
c.
ren
,.
Lov
e th
em.
Spen
d tim
e w
ith th
em.
ttk.
em a
nd b
epre
par
ed t
.44
1SC
1lin
e th
em.
Spar
k th
eir
:
a
imag
inzt
ions
.A
sa
fam
ily, w
ithyo
ur
chjld
rei,
hhi
dA
ilre
nh
reac
... o
ut to
73t h
erch
ildre
n.
'' A
;;.;
W-
eard
-::.P
resi
dent
:-.,,
,The
Ath
eric
an In
s-tu
t-de
for
Pub
lic S
ervi
ce
-i;
FA
mily
Com
posi
Tio
NA
Nd
RE
SO
UR
CE
S
FA
Mily
CO
MP
OS
ITIO
N A
Nd
RE
SO
UR
CE
S
he q
uiet
cri
sis"
is th
e te
rm u
sed
by th
e C
arne
gie
Foun
datio
n to
des
crib
eth
e
incr
easi
ng p
ropo
rtio
n of
Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
who
are
at r
isk
-- a
t ris
k of
low
birt
h-
wei
ght,
child
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct, s
choo
l unr
eadi
ness
, del
inqu
ency
, sub
stan
ceab
use,
,.
scho
ol f
ailu
re, a
dole
scen
t chi
ld-b
eari
ng, a
nd tm
empl
oyab
ility
. It i
s "q
uiet
" in
that
man
y of
the-
sign
s th
at th
ings
are
not
goi
ng w
ell f
or c
hild
ien
-- th
at c
hild
ren
are
at r
isk
do n
ot s
eem
to b
e
reco
gniz
ed a
s im
med
iate
and
pre
ssin
g ne
eds.
The
y ca
n be
, and
hav
e be
en,i
gnor
ed.
Incr
easi
ngly
, bot
h co
nser
vativ
es a
nd li
bera
ls a
re r
ecog
nizi
ng th
at c
hild
ren
are
at
incr
easi
ng r
isk
beca
use
fam
ilies
are
mor
e fr
agile
and
und
er m
ore
stre
ss.
Whe
ther
one
spe
aks,
of "
fam
ily v
alue
s" o
r ,o
f "v
alui
ng f
amili
es,"
mos
t peo
ple
reco
gniz
e th
at s
ocie
ty a
ndfa
mily
life
have
cha
nged
in w
ays
that
pos
e th
reat
s to
the
secu
rity
and
dev
elop
men
t of
too
man
ych
ildre
n.
The
sha
pe o
f fa
mili
es a
nd th
e re
sour
ces
avai
labl
e to
fam
ilies
hav
e ch
ange
d. R
isin
g di
vorc
e
rate
s an
d th
e ra
pid
incr
ease
in n
on-m
arita
l bir
ths
have
led
to m
ore
child
ren
bein
g in
fam
ilies
head
ed b
y.a
sing
le p
aren
t. G
reat
er m
obili
ty in
soc
iety
mea
ns th
at k
insh
ip ti
esar
e st
retc
hed.
and
.,
ther
e is
less
imm
edia
te s
uppo
rt f
rom
ext
ende
d fa
mily
. The
last
qua
rter
of
this
cen
tury
has
been
one:
cif
decl
inin
g re
al w
ages
and
a r
esul
ting
need
for
fam
ilies
to b
e in
dust
riou
san
d in
geni
ous
to m
aint
ain
thei
r st
anda
rd o
f liv
ing.
'Avo
-par
ent f
amili
esha
ve.d
one
at le
ast f
our
thin
gs d
urin
g
this
per
iod
to 'k
eep
up':
dela
yed
child
-bea
ring
, had
few
er c
hild
ren,
wor
ked
mor
e,an
d go
ne
into
deb
t..
The
se c
hang
es m
ake
it m
ore
diff
icul
t for
par
ents
to p
rovi
de w
hat
child
ren
need
. Chi
ldre
n
need
par
ents
who
will
not
leav
e th
em a
lone
for
long
per
iods
of
time.
Chi
ldre
n ne
ed p
aren
ts
and
othe
r ad
ults
in th
e W
ily to
talk
with
abo
ut th
eir
trou
bles
. Chi
ldre
nne
ed f
amili
es in
whi
ch
hugs
are
mor
e pr
eval
ent t
han
curs
es. T
hey
need
foo
d an
d cl
othe
s,di
scip
line,
hea
lth C
are
and
educ
atio
n: M
ost i
mpo
rtan
tly, c
hild
ren
need
to k
now
that
they
are
par
tof
a fa
mily
and
soc
iety
Whi
ch r
espe
cts
and
care
s fo
r di
em.
Aq
exte
nsiv
e st
udy
of c
hild
ren
on K
aual
was
con
duct
ed b
y E
mm
yE
: Wer
ner
and
Rut
h S.
Smith
. Oye
rall,
they
fou
nd th
at th
ere
are
resi
lienc
y fa
ctor
s w
hich
can
incr
ease
child
ren'
s he
alth
'
and
succ
ess
in s
chci
ol, r
elat
ions
hips
, and
wor
k. I
n ad
ditio
n to
the
child
's d
ispo
sitio
n,
inte
llige
nce,
com
mun
icat
ion
skill
s, a
nd in
tern
al lo
cus
ofco
ntro
l, th
ere
are
faM
ily a
nd
com
mun
ity E
actO
rs th
at h
elp
man
y ch
ildre
n to
suc
ceed
' des
pite
pov
erty
and
othe
reh
dang
eriti
A,
sibl
ings
or
othe
r ad
ults
. Res
ilien
cy is
als
o de
velo
ped
by s
uppo
rt s
yste
ms
insc
hool
, chu
rch,
or
com
mun
ity c
lubs
that
rew
ard
com
pete
nce
and
prov
ide
a va
lue
syst
em.
Stro
ng f
amili
es h
elp
child
ren
lear
n re
silie
nt b
ehav
ior.
The
y te
ach
prob
lem
-sol
ving
'ski
lls
and
prov
ide
posi
tive,
non
criti
cal s
uppo
rt a
nd a
sen
se o
f to
geth
erne
ss.
The
val
ues
and
skill
s
lear
ned
at h
ome
give
indi
vidu
alS
the
pow
er to
sha
pe th
eir
lives
. Fam
ilies
that
lear
n, -
how
to
cope
with
cha
lleng
es a
nd m
eet
indi
vidu
al n
eeds
are
mor
e re
silie
nt to
str
ess
and:
cri
sis.
A
faM
ily's
goa
ls, v
alue
s, p
robl
em-s
olvi
ng s
kills
, and
sup
port
net
wor
ks im
pact
its
abili
ty to
adap
t
in th
e fa
ce o
f lif
e's
prob
lerr
is. F
ocus
ing
on s
tren
gths
has
been
fou
nd to
sig
nifi
cant
ly im
prov
e a
fam
ily's
sel
f-he
lp c
apac
ity a
nd th
e im
pact
of
prof
essi
onal
hel
p.
-.
.
Inhe
rent
in th
e st
atus
of
bein
g a
child
is th
e ri
ght t
o be
nur
ture
d an
d
supp
orte
d. T
he f
amily
is th
e fi
rst a
nd f
orem
ost p
rovi
der
of a
'chi
ld's
car
e. A
sup
port
ive
com
mun
ity a
nd h
elpf
ul p
ublic
pol
icie
s ar
e im
port
ant
unde
rpin
ings
of
effe
ctiv
e pa
rent
ing,
whi
ch is
cri
tical
to a
chi
ld's
abi
lity
to g
row
up
with
the
nece
ssar
ysk
ills
to li
ve a
pro
duct
ive
and
happ
y lif
e.
cond
ition
s.. K
ey a
mon
g th
ese
are
pare
ntal
war
mth
and
sup
port
and
posi
tive
rela
tions
hips
with
2419
96 H
awai
i Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a uo
ok
25
of
26
F
a
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
4
Cki
LdR
EN
INPO
VE
y
No
fact
or s
o co
nsis
tent
ly c
ompr
oini
ses
the
futu
res
of c
hild
ien
than
doe
s gr
owin
g up
in p
over
ty. P
over
ty le
vels
are
a s
et o
f
mon
ey-i
ncom
e th
resh
olds
that
var
y by
fam
ily s
ize
and
com
-
posi
tion,
as
dete
rmin
ed b
y by
the
US
Off
ice
of M
anag
emen
t
and
the
Bud
get.
Pove
rty
leve
ls a
re a
djus
ted
annu
ally
to
refl
ect c
hang
es I
n th
e C
onsu
mer
Pri
ce I
ndex
, but
do
not
take
into
acc
ount
reg
iona
l dif
fete
nces
in th
e co
st o
f liv
-
ing
or a
vaila
ble
form
s of
non
cash
ben
efits
, suc
h as
food
sta
mps
and
hea
lth c
are.
For
199
4 th
e po
vert
y
leve
l for
a tw
o-pa
rent
fam
ily o
f fo
ur w
as s
et a
tS
TO
RY
TO
LD B
Y
$15,
141;
,for
a s
ingl
e-pa
rent
fam
ily w
ith tw
o ch
il-E
XP
ER
IEN
CE
:
drpn
, it w
as $
11,8
17.
"We
live
with
wor
ry
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
ever
y da
y. If
Jai
me
In H
awai
i, th
ere
was
a s
light
incr
ease
of
child
gets
sic
k or
Car
a
pove
rty
in '1
994,
coM
pare
d to
199
3: C
ount
yne
eds
supp
lies
for
a
and
ethn
iC d
iffe
renc
es a
re u
nava
ilabl
e:.
fcho
qpro
ject
,so
me-
thin
g el
se h
as to
wai
t. A
nd
in o
ur s
ocie
ty, i
t is
real
ly
&lid
to e
xpla
in to
. the
kid
s
that
the
thin
gs th
eyse
eon
TV
are
not f
or th
em. T
hey
wan
t
the
expe
nsiv
e ce
real
and
the
"coo
l" cl
othe
s an
d th
e ne
w to
ys,
..
just
like
oth
er k
ids
have
. I h
ave
to
be s
ure
that
the
basi
cs a
re c
over
ed
and
that
mos
tly m
eans
.tber
e's
notb
:
ing
lejl
for
the
'eX
tras
'." SA
ND
I,M
cMO
IR O
F T
WO
-PE
RC
EN
T O
F C
HIL
DR
EN
IN
PO
VE
RT
Y(b
ased
on
US
poV
erty
leve
l)
Stat
e
cOU
NT
Y: <
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
8019
9019
80-9
0
13.0
11.1
-1.5
8
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t
1994
1990
-94
Tre
nd
13.4
Hon
olul
u13
.010
.1-2
.52
n.a.
Haw
aii
15.6
19.8
2.38
n.a.
Kau
a`i
9.7
8.1
-1.8
0n.
a.
Mau
i11
.49.
5-1
.82
n.a.
Cau
casi
ann.
a.n.
a."
9.2
Japa
nese
n.a.
2.8
n.a.
Haw
aiia
nn.
a.19
.9n.
a.
Filip
ino
n.a.
7.9
n.a.
Chi
nese
n.a.
7.3
n.a.
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
n.a.
30.2
n.a.
Afr
ican
- A
mer
ican
n.a.
11.5
n.a.
28B
EST
CO
PYM
AU
*.
4.71
1980
Cen
sus
did
not u
se th
ese
ethn
ic c
ateg
orie
s, s
o th
e ba
se p
opul
atio
n in
ear
l, gr
oup
is n
otkn
own
RFL
AT
IVF
RIS
K F
OR
LO
W-I
NC
OM
E F
AM
ILIE
S C
OM
PAR
ED
WIT
H H
IGH
IN
CO
ME
. FA
MIL
IES
I
Out
com
e
Chi
ld n
egle
ctC
hild
abu
seC
hild
hood
mor
talit
yFa
ir o
r po
or h
ealth
Rel
ativ
e R
isk. 9
4.5 >3 3
Out
com
e
Gro
wth
ret
arda
tion
Seve
re a
sthm
aL
ow b
irth
-wei
ght
Rel
ativ
e R
isk
2.5 2
1.2-
2.2
1996
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Prob
ably
no
indi
cato
r of
chi
ld w
ell-
bein
g th
at is
use
d
by K
ids
Cou
nt is
mor
e co
ntro
vers
ial t
han
this
one
.
The
gre
ates
t ove
rall
nega
tive
effe
ct o
f be
ing
rais
ed in
a si
ngle
-par
ent f
amily
is th
at it
incr
ease
s th
e ch
ild's
chan
ces
of b
eing
poo
r. I
t is
very
dif
ficu
lt to
alw
ays
sepa
rate
thes
e ef
fect
s, s
o w
hile
som
e st
udie
s m
ay
high
light
the
nega
tive
effe
cts
of s
ingl
e pa
rent
ing,
thos
e ef
fect
s ar
e gr
eatly
red
uced
whe
n th
e da
ta
anal
ysis
con
trol
s fo
r ho
useh
old
inco
me.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Alth
ough
ann
ual d
ata
for
the
stat
es a
nd
-cou
ntie
s ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e fr
om th
e U
S
Cen
sus
Bur
eau,
this
exp
erie
nce
is c
entr
al
to th
e liv
es o
f so
man
y ch
ildre
n th
at it
is
incl
uded
. Not
onl
y ar
e m
ore
child
ren
in s
ingl
e-pa
rent
fam
ilies
than
in e
arli-
er y
ears
, but
the
root
cau
ses
of s
in-
gle
pare
ntho
od a
re s
hift
ing.
Res
earc
h ha
s sh
own
that
div
orce
is r
espo
nsib
le f
or a
bout
46%
of
sing
le-p
aren
t hou
seho
lds.
Out
-
of-w
edlo
ck b
irth
s ac
coun
t for
26%
, 21%
are
due
to a
mar
ital
sepa
ratio
n, a
nd 7
% a
re
beca
use
of th
e de
ath
of a
spou
se/p
aren
t.
30
LIA
HIE
EN
$14.
E-P
AR
EN
V F
AM
iliE
S
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
"You
hav
e to
wor
k
Fio
re fo
r 11
1011
ey a
nd
are
less
ava
ilabl
e to
your
ehi
dren
. All
bur-
dens
fall
on y
ou. A
ll
prob
lem
s fa
ll on
you
.
The
re's
nev
er e
noug
h tim
e
or m
oney
. You
wor
k ha
rder
and
fail
mor
e of
ten
with
.you
kid
s. M
aybe
you
don
't
real
ly fa
il, b
ut it
feel
s lik
e yo
u
do a
n
AN
WK
WM
M
"My
mom
set
all
the
rule
s' a
nd
ther
e is
no
pare
ntal
con
flict
in o
ur
hom
e. F
amily
pro
blem
s ar
wm
ore
easi
ly s
olve
d si
nce
ther
e is
onl
y on
e
adul
t opi
nion
. n k
ids
know
ther
e is
only
one
bos
sM
om! M
y da
d le
ft w
hen
I was
six
and
bas
h'/ b
een
arou
nd m
uch
a!
all.
My
brot
her
and
I are
turn
ing
out p
retty
l'nrin
col
lege
and
he'
s al
read
y gr
ad-
uate
d. S
o do
n't m
ake
My
MO
Mfe
el g
uilty
!"
AG
E 1
9
.7,..
.,1-f
7-7.
Ir.
,.-.
71
PER
CE
NT
OF
CII
ILD
RE
N L
IVIN
G W
ITII
SIN
GL
E P
AR
EN
TS
,
Stat
e
1980
17.8
_ 1990
20.8
. Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
......
_ .
1.56
Ann
ual R
aw o
f Cha
nge
Rec
ent
1994
1990
-199
4T
rend
?0.2
-0.9
8
CO
UN
TY
Hon
olul
u17
.218
.50.
73n.
a.
Haw
ai`i
17.9
")?
2.06
n.a.
Kat
ia`i
10.6
18.1
5.35
n.a.
Mau
i17
.419
.71.
24m
a.
BE
STC
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
31
BO
RA
S T
O S
ING
LE
TE
EN
S
Fam
ilies
beg
un b
y si
ngle
teen
age
wom
en a
re p
artic
ular
ly v
ul-
nera
ble.
Tee
n m
othe
rs a
re le
ss li
kely
than
oth
er y
oung
wom
en to
com
plet
e hi
gh s
choo
l or
go o
n to
pos
tsec
onda
ry
educ
atio
n. T
his
com
prom
ises
job
pros
pect
s an
d ec
onom
-
ic w
ell-
bein
g -
ofte
n fo
r a
lifet
ime.
Alth
ough
man
y te
en
mot
heis
will
eve
ntua
lly m
arry
, the
ir m
arri
ages
are
at
high
er r
isk
of s
epar
atio
n or
div
orce
. The
com
bine
d
effe
cts
of p
over
ty, f
amily
inst
abili
ty, a
nd in
adeq
uate
pare
ntin
g sk
ills,
pro
duce
chi
ldre
n w
ho a
re 'm
ore
likel
y to
exp
erie
nce
deve
lopm
enta
l del
ays,
beh
av-
iora
l pro
blem
s; s
choo
l fai
lure
, and
del
inqu
ency
.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
rat
e of
teen
non
-mar
ital b
irth
s in
Haw
aii
incr
ease
d sl
ight
ly in
199
4 ov
er th
at o
f 19
93S
TO
RY
TO
LD B
Y
(43.
7 fr
om 4
2.8)
How
eVer
, the
rat
e w
asE
XP
ER
IEN
CE
:
low
er th
an in
199
0. T
his
rate
red
uctio
n
from
199
0 oc
curr
ed o
n O
ahu
and
in M
aui
Cou
nty.
. The
onl
y et
hnic
gro
up to
sho
w a
..
sign
ifiC
ant.
redu
ctio
n w
as H
awai
ian;
alth
ough
this
rat
e is
muc
h hi
gher
than
any
othe
r gr
oup.
.
"Whe
n Ja
son
was
bOrn
'it r
eally
cha
nged
my
life:
In
man
y w
ays
he h
as g
iven
me
a re
ason
to c
lean
tip
my
act.
But
it
its r
eally
bar
d, to
o. M
y pa
r-
ents
are
spl
it. M
y m
om tr
ies
.to
hel
p, b
ut s
he r
eally
fee
ls I
.-
shou
ld b
e w
ith A
so,'
all t
he ti
me
and
she
does
n't l
ike
Bra
d (J
ason
's
fath
er).
We
figh
t a lo
t. I'v
e m
isse
d a
lot o
f sc
hool
- s
ome
days
it is
fis
t
too
muc
h ef
fort
to g
et. t
bere
.".
LO
RI
(MIA
s), A
GE
17
-NO
N-M
AR
I T
A L
TE
EN
BIR
TH
S(p
er 1
,000
'foaa
les
age
15.-
19)
t
1980
-- 1990
-4-
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-9
0
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
9419
90-9
4.
.
Tre
nd
Stat
e28
.545
.24.
643
.7-0
.9
Itqr
.ql
1 N
T
Hon
olul
u/7
.343
.34.
640
.1-1
.9
Haw
aii
36.6
53.4
3.8
62.8
4. I
Kau
ai31
.540
.52.
550
.25.
3
Mau
i28
.551
.86.
043
.6-4
.3
t!It
t,t-t
^,-4
"*:,%
4`b.
5'"4
,E1.
:tzA
1744
.,.--
-,.
....
......
:. ,..
.._
Cau
casi
an1.
99.
316
.214
.611
.10
Haw
aiia
n95
.715
7.1
4.9
128.
0-5
.10
,Ja
pane
se9.
313
.33.
613
.1-0
.30
Filip
ino
23.9
42.1
5.7
48.4
3.5
0C
hine
se5.
110
.06.
711
.91
4.4
0Pa
cifi
c Is
land
er29
.648
.75.
068
.28.
40
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an18
.230
.75.
231
.60.
70
Oth
er4.
414
.511
.823
.712
.40
32B
EST
CO
PYA
VA
ILA
BL
E
AG
E-
SPE
CIF
ICB
IRT
HR
AT
ES,
1 9
8 0-
9 9
4
1996
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s-C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Bir
th r
ates
for
teen
s
have
dec
lined
sin
ce
1990
, exc
ept f
or 1
6
year
-old
s. F
or th
e ol
dest
teen
s, th
e ra
tes
are
abou
t the
san
e or
low
er th
an in
/980
.
33
Hea
lth in
sura
nce
prov
ides
,at l
east
som
e de
gree
of f
inan
cial
ass
uran
ce th
at m
edic
al s
ervi
ces
will
be
avai
labl
e. N
atio
nally
, res
earc
h in
di-
cate
s th
at c
hild
ren
with
out h
ealth
insu
ranc
eS
TO
RY
TO
LD B
Y
med
ical
vis
its th
an th
ose
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E;
Whe
n I
was
laid
off
, my
bigg
est w
orry
was
. tha
t one
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
of th
e ki
ds w
ould
get
sic
k,H
ealth
insu
ranc
e co
vera
ge o
f ch
ildre
nre
ally
sic
kor
, may
be w
orse
,co
ntin
ues
to g
row
. Inf
orm
atio
n is
be in
an
acci
dent
. The
re w
as th
ison
ly a
vaila
ble
at th
e st
ate
leve
l.pe
riod
of
time
whe
n w
e ha
d no
Haw
aii r
anks
sev
enth
am
ong
the
insu
ranc
e, y
ou k
now
, 'so
. it m
ade
Stat
es in
this
indi
cato
r, a
ccor
ding
me
scar
ed"
had
38%
few
er
with
insu
ranc
e.
to th
e C
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
und
1995
Yea
rboo
k.D
AV
ID,
FAT
HE
R O
F T
HR
EE
"We
have
suc
h a
conf
usin
g si
tuat
ion:
My
two
olde
r ki
ds a
re c
over
ed b
y m
y fi
rst
husb
and'
s he
alth
, ins
uran
ce, w
hich
is (
IV-
fere
nt f
rom
the
heal
th in
sura
nce
I ha
ve n
ow
with
the
two
youn
ger
kids
. The
sys
tem
and
the
cove
rage
are
dif
fere
nt, s
o I
have
to c
heck
alw
ays
to k
now
who
is c
over
ed f
or w
hat!
And
they
hav
e' d
iffe
rent
doc
tors
and
dif
fere
nt h
ospi
-
tals
. It m
akes
it m
uch
hard
er to
kee
p up
with
the
-sho
ts a
nd th
e ro
utin
e do
ctor
visi
ts." JA
NIC
E, M
OT
HE
R O
F FO
UR
34
WiT
h H
EA
LTH
INS
UR
AN
CE
PER
CE
NT
OF
CH
ILD
RE
N W
ITH
HE
AL
TH
iNSI
;RA
NC
E(p
riva
tc a
u,/ p
ublic
)
Ann
ual R
ate
Of
Cha
nge
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
8019
9019
80-1
990
1994
1990
-199
4T
rend
..
Stat
e84
.392
.1.
0.89
- 92.5
. 0.I
BE
ST' C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
35
C 0
S 1
. 0 IF
S E
L I E
R
One
of
the
larg
est-
and
mos
t var
iabl
e co
mpo
nent
s of
the
cost
of
hyin
g is
the
cost
of
hous
ing.
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
Con
sum
er E
xpen
ditu
re S
urve
y, h
ousi
ng a
nd u
tiliti
es
acco
unte
d fo
r 27
% o
f th
e av
erag
e co
nsum
er h
ouse
-
hold
exp
endi
ture
s in
the
wes
tern
par
t of
the
US
(inc
ludi
ng H
awai
`i).
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Whi
le a
n id
entic
al m
easu
re is
not
ava
ilabl
e to
com
pare
with
pre
viou
s ye
ars,
the
situ
atio
n
appe
ars
to b
e so
mew
hat s
tabl
e. T
he A
ffor
dabl
e
Hou
sing
Alli
ance
est
imat
es th
at 5
5% o
f re
nter
hous
ehol
ds n
eedi
ng a
one
-bed
room
uni
t in
Haw
aii m
ust p
ay m
ore
than
30%
of
thei
r
inco
me.
for
shel
ter.
Mos
t fam
ilies
with
chi
l-
dren
wou
ld r
equi
re a
t lea
st a
two-
bed-
room
uni
t; th
e fa
ir m
arke
t ren
t is
mor
e
than
30%
of
inco
me
for
65%
of
thes
e
rent
ers,
acc
ordi
ng to
AH
A.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
'Imag
ine
that
you
supp
ort y
ours
elf a
nd
two
child
ren
by e
arn-
ing
$12,
000
a ye
ar. T
his
is $
183
abov
e th
e po
vert
y
leve
l in
1994
. To
do th
is,
you
wor
k fu
ll tim
e at
$5.
77
per
hour
. Out
of t
his
Inco
me
you
spen
d $4
00 p
er m
onth
on
food
41.
48 _
per
pers
on p
er
mea
l). T
o ke
ep y
our
job,
you
mus
t spe
nd $
20 p
er m
onth
on
a
bus
pass
and
$17
5 on
chi
ld c
are.
if
no o
ne g
ets
sick
, if y
ou d
on't
lose
your
bus
pas
s: if
the
kids
sho
es d
ill
fit, i
f ere
)), o
ther
pen
ny o
f inc
ome
goes
for
shel
ter,
you
hav
e $4
05 to
spe
nd o
n
-ren
tif
you
can
find
a pl
acer
36
Btu
.
435,
,or
PER
CE
NT
OF
BU
DG
ET
EX
PEN
DE
D F
OR
HO
USI
NG
(per
ave
rage
cdn
sum
er. u
nit)
Ann
eal R
ate
of C
hang
e'19
9119
9319
91-1
993
Stat
e30
.831
.41.
09
$ Sp
ent O
n Sh
elte
r11
,196
17,?
61,
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AiL
AB
LE
1996
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
tient
inte
ract
ion
on b
ehal
f of
chi
' ldr
en is
a
wel
l4to
ordi
naie
d ea
rly
child
hood
PrO
gi4i
n...t
oen
sure
that
ever
ych
ild
arri
ves
at k
inde
rgar
tfpf
r ph
ysic
ally
,
.161
and
soc
ially
rea
dy--
to s
ucce
ed in
k
11.-
.Weh
ling,
Vic
e Pr
esid
ent f
or P
ublic
Aff
airs
The
Pro
cter
& G
ambl
e C
ompa
ny
'4.
.e-
-;:ii
:!
INF
AN
Cy
AN
d P
RE
SC
HO
OL
YE
AR
S
1eni
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AR
AB
LE
INF
AN
CY
AK
AE
AR
.yC
hofl
.dh®
o
hild
ren'
s ex
peri
ence
s du
ring
.the
yea
rs b
etw
een
thei
r bi
rth
and
age
five
hav
e a
prof
ound
impa
ct o
n th
eir
futu
re d
evel
opm
ent.
The
y al
so a
ffec
t the
ir f
amili
es, o
ur
-co
mm
uniti
es, s
tate
, and
soc
iety
. Fam
ily m
embe
rs w
ant t
heir
chi
ldre
n to
thri
ve:
The
y w
ant t
hem
car
ed f
or in
saf
e an
d he
alth
y en
viro
nmen
ts. T
hey
wan
t the
m to
ent
er s
choo
l
fiea
lthya
nd r
eady
to le
arn.
And
they
wan
t the
m to
be
succ
essf
ul in
sch
ool a
nd in
life
.
Yet
in to
day'
s so
ciet
y it
is n
ot e
asy
to p
rovi
de c
hild
ren
with
thes
e go
od b
egin
ning
s. F
amily
mem
bers
str
uggl
e to
man
age
the
mul
tiple
con
cern
s of
fam
ily li
fe a
nd d
eman
ds o
f w
ork;
man
y
do'th
is w
ith li
mite
d re
sour
ces.
Fam
ilies
do
not r
egul
arly
rec
eive
hel
p in
lear
ning
to b
ecom
e
effe
ctiv
e "f
irst
teac
hers
" of
thei
r ch
ildre
n. A
nd, i
n sp
ite o
f th
e fa
ct th
at in
Haw
aii o
ver
60
perc
ent o
f fa
mili
es w
ith c
hild
ren
unde
r fi
ve n
ow le
ave
thei
r ch
ildre
n in
the
care
of
othe
rs
whi
le th
ey a
re a
t wor
k, it
is o
ften
dif
ficu
lt to
fin
d ed
ucat
ion
and
care
set
tings
that
pro
tect
child
ren'
s he
alth
and
saf
ety,
nur
ture
them
, and
hel
p th
ein
to le
arn.
The
ear
ly y
ears
are
the
criti
cal t
ime
fo'r
layi
ng th
e fo
unda
tion
for
heal
thy
deve
lopm
ent
and
for
futu
re le
arni
ng. G
ood
earl
y ch
ildho
od p
rogr
ams
can
be b
enef
icia
l in
man
y w
ays.
The
y he
lp
child
ren
lear
nno
love
lear
ning
, to
deve
lop
soci
al s
kills
, lan
guag
e, a
nd c
ogni
tive
abili
ties.
The
y
bene
fit t
he f
amily
bec
ause
its
mem
bers
can
go
to w
ork
each
day
sec
ure,
in th
e kn
owle
dge
that
thei
r ch
ildre
n ar
e in
goo
d ha
nds.
The
y be
nefi
t em
ploy
ers
beca
use
thei
r w
orke
rs c
an f
ocus
'on
the
job
with
out w
orri
es a
bout
the
wel
fare
of
thei
r ch
ildre
n. T
hey
bene
fit s
ocie
ty a
s a
who
le-
:bec
ause
youn
g, a
t-ri
sk, d
isad
vant
aged
' chi
ldre
nw
ho p
artic
ipat
e in
hig
h-qu
ality
pro
gram
s
requ
ire
few
er c
ostly
soc
ial a
ndre
med
ial s
ervi
ces
duri
ng th
eir
scho
ol y
ears
and
are
mor
e lik
ely
. to
grad
uate
fro
m h
igh
scho
ol a
ndbe
com
e pr
oduc
tive
mem
bers
of
soci
ety.
For
the
youn
g ch
ild, e
duca
tion
and
care
are
inte
rdep
ende
nt. C
hild
ren
who
rec
eive
sta
ble,
resp
onsi
ve c
are
are
mor
e lik
ely
to d
evel
op tr
ust,
empa
thy,
cur
iosi
ty,
and
conf
iden
ce -
- fe
elin
gs
esse
ntia
l to
soci
al d
evel
opm
ent a
nd le
arni
ng. L
earn
ing
take
s pl
ace
in th
e co
ntex
t of
cari
ng, b
ut
for
youn
g an
d vu
lner
able
. chi
ldre
n bo
th a
re e
ssen
tial a
nd th
e tw
o ca
n ne
ver
be s
epar
ated
..
.
You
ng c
hild
ren
cann
ot h
e ed
ucat
ed o
r ca
red
for
with
out t
he a
ctiv
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of th
eir
fam
ilies
. Fro
m th
e m
omen
t of
birt
h, a
nd e
ven
befo
re, c
hild
ren
are
shap
ed b
y th
e pr
imar
yan
d
dom
inan
t exp
erie
nces
of
thei
r ho
mes
and
by
inte
ract
ions
with
thei
r C
lose
st r
elat
ives
. In
addi
tion
to th
e ca
re a
nd e
duca
tion
that
sm
all c
hild
ren
rece
ive
from
thei
r ow
n pa
rent
s, m
ost.
of
Haw
aii's
you
ng c
hild
ren
rece
ive
care
fro
m o
ther
s at
som
e tim
e du
ring
thei
r ea
rly
year
s: T
his
take
s pl
ace
thro
ugh
a co
mpl
ex m
ix o
f pr
ogra
ms
and
serv
ices
ran
ging
fro
m c
areg
ivin
g in
a
child
's o
wn
hom
e or
' in
the
hom
es o
f re
lativ
es o
r of
oth
er f
amili
es, t
o ho
me
visi
tors
, pla
y
grou
p pr
ogra
ms
at c
omm
unity
par
ks,
child
car
e ce
nter
s, p
resc
hool
s, c
hild
dev
elop
men
t
prog
ram
s in
hom
es a
nd c
ente
rs, p
re-k
inde
rgar
tens
,Hea
d St
art,
spec
ial e
duca
tion
prog
ram
s,
and
mor
e.
Com
mun
ity w
ell-
bein
g an
d th
e qu
ality
of
life
for
all i
s af
fect
ed if
child
ren
do n
ot
expe
rien
ce g
ood
begi
nnin
gs. T
he f
ate
of y
oung
chi
ldre
n m
ust b
eco
nsid
ered
a c
omm
unity
resp
onsi
bilit
y an
d pr
iori
ty. A
ll ci
tizen
s m
ust u
nder
stan
d th
e ne
ed
to p
rovi
de r
esou
rces
for
the
educ
atio
n, c
are,
hea
lth, a
nd w
elfa
re
of o
ur y
oung
est c
hild
ren,
and
rea
lize
that
the
impa
ct o
f ch
oice
s m
ade
now
will
be
felt
far
into
the
futu
re.
Gle
aned
fro
m G
ood
Beg
inni
ngs
Rep
ort o
f tb
e H
awai
i
Ear
ly C
hild
hood
Edu
catio
n &
Car
e C
oord
inat
ing
Com
mitt
ee,
Janu
ary
1996
:
41
C5-17
1101101kiO
3 Iva
O
EA
llay
PR
EN
AT
AL
CA
RE
Ear
ly p
rena
tal c
are
incr
ease
s th
e ch
ance
of
heal
thie
r
babi
es b
ecau
se m
edic
al p
robl
ems
can,
be d
etec
ted
each
-..
er a
nd h
igh-
risk
hea
lth h
abits
of
the
mot
her
may
be
Cur
taile
d. T
he A
mer
ican
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ass
ocia
tion
has
com
pute
d th
at e
very
$1
spen
t on
pren
atal
car
e sa
ves
$3.3
8 in
exp
endi
ture
s fo
r th
e ca
re o
f lo
w-b
irth
-
wei
ght b
abie
s.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
re h
as b
een
a si
gnif
ican
t inc
reas
e in
the
prop
ortio
n of
bab
ies
born
wh6
e m
othe
rs
-so
ught
pre
nata
l car
e in
thei
r fi
rst t
rim
este
r of
preg
nanc
y. T
his
incr
ease
has
occ
urre
d in
ever
y co
unty
and
for
eve
ry e
thni
c gr
oup
in
the
stat
e. H
onol
ulu
Cou
nty
lead
the
geo-
grap
hic
cate
gory
and
the
chan
ge a
mon
g
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
s w
as a
78%
incr
ease
inup
. I d
idn'
t mit
to f
ace
up
four
yea
rs!
to th
e fa
ct th
at I
was
goi
ng to
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
"I'm
so
asha
med
now
that
I d
idn'
t go
to a
doct
or w
hen.
I f
irst
kne
w
I w
as p
regn
ant.
But
/ w
as
only
16
and
pret
ty m
ixed
have
a b
aby,
let a
lone
adm
it it
to m
y fo
lks
or th
e do
ctor
or
anyo
ne. T
hank
goo
dnes
s E
rin
is35
stro
ng a
nd h
ealth
y!"
LOR
A, Y
OU
NG
MO
TH
ER
PE
RC
EN
T O
F B
AB
IES
BO
RN
TO
WO
ME
N W
110
GO
T 4
'AR
I.1'
PR
EN
AT
AL
CA
RE
1980
1990
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
1994
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
994
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Stat
e76
.268
.9-1
.01
84.8
7.55
0C
OU
NT
Y:'
1:77
,
Hon
olul
u78
.367
.6-1
.46
86.9
9.24
Ha
wai
`i68
.771
.00.
3277
.70.
20
Ka
ua`i
66.0
66.2
0.03
79.7
3.38
Mau
i71
.272
.70.
2077
.54.
49
Cau
casi
an81
.375
.1-0
.79
87.6
5.23
0Ja
pane
se88
.481
.1-0
.87
93.0
6.56
Haw
aiia
n71
.563
.6-1
.17
78.5
6.34
Filip
ino
75.5
67.8
-1.0
884
.48.
430
Chi
nese
88.2
80.2
-0.9
592
.88.
990
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
48.8
39.8
-2.0
270
.816
.21
0A
fric
an-
Am
eric
an74
.365
.4-1
.27
84.3
7.68
0O
ther
64.8
65.8
0.15
88.0
11.3
5
LA
TE
CA
RE
VS.
OU
TC
OM
E
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
.
44
Lack
Ear
ly P
rena
tal C
are
Low
Birt
h-W
eigh
t
1980
1990
1994
45
Infa
nts
wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 2
,500
gra
ms
(5.5
pou
nds)
at
birt
h ar
e co
nsid
ered
to h
ave
a lo
w-b
irth
wei
ght.
Low
birt
h-w
eigh
t im
pair
s an
infa
nt's
abi
lity
to s
urvi
ve th
e
firs
t yea
r of
life
. Inf
ants
who
wer
e fu
ll-te
rm b
ut s
mal
l
for
gest
atio
nal a
ge a
re.m
ore
likel
y to
hav
e co
ngen
ital
anom
alie
s an
d de
velo
pmen
tal d
isab
ilitie
s.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Aft
er m
any
year
s of
littl
e ch
ange
, 199
4sa
w a
dro
p
in th
e nu
mbe
r an
d pe
rcen
tage
of
babi
es b
orn
with
low
bir
th-w
eigh
t in
our
stat
e., T
hat
impr
ovem
ent w
as n
ot s
prea
d un
ifor
mly
acro
ss
the
stat
e: th
ere
was
an
incr
ease
ove
r,19
93 in
both
Kau
ai a
nd M
aui;
Cau
casi
ans
wer
e th
e
only
rac
ial/e
thni
e gr
oup
to e
xper
ienc
e an
incr
ease
ove
r 19
93, a
lthou
gh th
e ca
tego
ry
of `
othe
r' al
so in
crea
sed.
Low
-
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
.EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
"With
you
r fir
st
baby
you
hav
e th
is
grea
tda
ydre
am
abou
t bow
won
derf
ul
it w
ill b
e w
hen
you
brin
g he
r ho
me
from
the
hosp
ital a
nd b
at V
time
to r
eally
look
at h
er
all o
ver,
str
oke
the
hot-
tour
s of
her
feet
, cro
on, a
lulla
bye.
.. It
was
so
diffi
cult
to h
ave
to le
ave
Sar
ah a
t the
hosp
ital b
ecau
se s
he w
as to
o
tiny.
We'
wor
ried,
wen
t bac
k
and
fort
h to
the
hosp
ital,
and
wer
e so
sca
red
whe
n w
e fin
ally
brou
ght h
er h
omd.
I w
ish
we
coul
d
have
got
ten
off t
o a
bette
r st
art." JA
N
BE
ST C
OPY
Al/A
6LA
BL
E
46
iikilE
AR
ITS
PC
EN
T 0
1: li
A 1
11 E
S(I
('s /b
ail 5
.5 p
mill
tlY)
WIT
I11,
0W-
B 1
la 1
1 -W
EIG
HT
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9419
90-1
994
Sta
te7.
17.
10.
06.
5-2
.31
,
Hon
olul
u7.
27.
1-0
.04
6.5
-2.5
0H
awai
`i6.
17.
72.
436.
6-4
.01
Ka
ua`i
7.5
8.0
0.75
6.4
-5.8
6M
aui
7.5
5.7
-2.8
36.
63.
79
Cau
casi
an5.
45.
60.
305.
2-1
.64
Japa
nese
7.0
6.9
-0.1
47.
10.
55H
awai
ian
7.1
7.4
0.41
6.3
-4.2
1F
ilipi
no9.
68.
8-0
.87
8.3
-1.6
0C
hine
se4.
66.
22.
904.
3-9
.16
Pac
ific
Isla
nder
3.9
4.1
0.58
4.5
2.19
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an10
.011
.00.
9710
.6-0
.84
Oth
er6.
77.
40.
937.
2-0
.61
1996
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
.
47
Rec
ent
Tre
nd 0 0 0 0 et O
The
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
is a
wid
ely
acce
pted
indi
cato
r of
child
hea
lth. W
hile
few
er th
an o
ne p
erce
nt o
f al
l liv
e
birt
hs in
Haw
aii p
eris
h in
the
firs
t yea
r, th
is r
emai
ns th
e
peri
od o
f gr
eate
st r
isk.
In
Haw
aii i
n 19
94, t
here
wer
e
125
infa
nt d
eath
s as
com
pare
d to
50
deat
hs a
mon
g
child
ren
ages
1 to
14.
It i
s pa
rtic
ular
ly u
sefu
l in
unde
rsta
ndin
g th
e se
riou
s he
alth
ris
ks f
aced
by
vari
-
ous
raci
al, e
thni
c, a
nd s
ocio
-eco
nom
ic g
roup
s.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
re w
as a
con
tinua
tion
of th
e lo
ng-t
ime
tren
d
of d
eclin
ing
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
. Alth
ough
coun
ty d
iffe
renc
es a
re r
epor
ted,
rem
embe
r
that
thes
e sm
all n
umbe
rs tr
ansl
ate
into
wid
e
rate
flu
ctua
tions
. Bir
ths
have
dec
lined
in
each
cou
nty
betw
een
1990
and
199
4, w
ith
the
num
ber
of d
eath
s de
clin
ing
mos
t
mar
kedl
y on
the
Big
Isl
and.
The
num
ber
of d
eath
s in
crea
sed
by 2
in M
aui a
nd b
y
7 in
Kau
ai. T
he s
ame
caut
ion
abou
t
smal
l num
bers
is e
ven
mor
e tr
ue f
or
the
ethn
ic d
ata.
ON
iAN
T M
oRT
Aih
ry
STO
RY
TO
LD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E;
"I o
nly
,had
.fir
st .c
hild
two
mon
ths
and
ten
daps
and
she
die
d
from
crib
dea
th.]
was
n't a
ble
to h
ave
anot
her
child
for
eigh
t
year
s..:n
ot th
at I
Cou
ldn'
t
conc
eive
, but
I di
dn't
thin
k I c
ould
go
thro
ugh
the
poss
ibili
ty o
f los
ing
a
child
aga
in."
INFA
NT
M R
TA
LIT
1"
RA
TE
A4i
tinal
Rat
e of
Cha
nge.
And
ual R
ater
of C
hang
e
.198
019
90:=
1980
-19
90;
1994
1990
-199
4R
ecen
tT
rend
;St
ate
Hoh
olul
ti:H
awai
iK
aua`
iiM
aui
Cau
casi
an-
Japa
nese
'H
awai
ian
10.1
6.5
. ?-10
.1
.9.
2
.1r:
610
.6...
6.4
9.0
4.2
5.3
12:0
4.8
6:8.
-7.
5
9.6
8.3
Filip
ino
<11
.93.
6
Chi
nese
-8.
73.
9
Afr
ican
-Am
eriC
an. '
11.6
11.4
paci
fic
Wan
der
16.6
:5.1
Oth
er7.
5
=4.
47
-4.5
9-0
.29
=10
.07
-6.8
7
-9.2
40.
942.
5-1
.40
11.3
-12.
03.
4.6
--8
.08.
9.7
-0.2
018
.0-
11.7
4:5.
3
-0.7
73.
2
6.4
-0.1
1
3.9
12.3 6.9'
4.3
0.03
-21.
0426
.62
6.54
-2.6
7-2
7.51
7.59
6.19
22.8
5-1
1.38
0.97
-19.
46
sam
e 6
CE
NI)
ER
Mak
':`t
, :Fe
mal
e :
9.9
7.3
-3.0
07.
5
:10.
2.-6
.10
5.4
Roc
ilum
GE
ND
ER
DIF
FER
EN
CE
S IN
IN
FAN
T M
OR
TA
LIT
Y
"It i
s so
hbr
riftin
g to
Min
k th
at
one
min
ute
she
was
sle
epin
g
and
the
next
she
was
gon
e. A
m!
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
_th
e jo
y th
at w
as fo
llow
ed s
o qu
ick-
48
ty b
y em
ptin
ess.
..T
he p
ain
is ju
st.
inde
scrib
able
, eve
n no
w a
fter
all
thes
e ye
ars,
"
Cyl
on.
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
0.38
'-0
.76
4 9
The
impr
oren
ti,nt
mor
talit
y ha
s be
en In
Ivre
cons
tant
/iu
inua
les
and
the
gap
is g
rotr
in,.
Sin
ce
1980
, thi
s ra
te h
as d
e-
clin
ed b
y 24
% fi
n nu
des
and
-i'A
liwje
tnal
es.
Fuiti
y
Imm
uniz
atio
ns a
re r
ecom
men
ded
to p
rote
ct c
hild
ren
from
chi
ldho
od d
isea
ses
(mea
sles
, mum
ps, r
ubel
la,
diph
ther
ia, p
ertu
ssis
, tet
anus
, and
pol
io).
. The
se d
is-
ease
s ha
ve th
e po
tent
ial t
o ca
use
disa
bilit
y or
eve
n
deat
h. T
he f
ull s
erie
s sh
ould
be
adm
inis
tere
d ea
rly
in
child
hood
, by
age
2, a
ccor
ding
to h
ealth
exp
erts
.
Stat
es w
hich
hav
e a
low
imm
uniz
atio
n ra
te g
ener
ally
are
char
acte
rize
d as
hav
ing
mor
e ba
rrie
rs to
hea
lth-
care
for
chi
ldre
n.'
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
Stat
ewid
e th
e re
tros
pect
ive
stud
ies
of r
ecor
ds o
f"I
t's h
ard
to k
now
kind
erga
rten
ers
show
som
e im
prov
emen
t.ev
eryt
hing
abo
ut
Whe
n th
e po
pula
tion
is r
estr
icte
d to
thos
e
rece
ivin
g m
edic
al c
are
at p
ublic
hea
lth c
linic
s,
ther
e is
a r
ecor
d of
dra
mat
ic im
prov
emen
t
outs
ide
of 0
`ahu
.
Not
e: A
199
4 N
atio
nal I
mm
uniz
atio
n Su
rvey
mad
e es
timat
es o
f va
ccin
atio
n co
vera
ge
leve
ls o
f ch
ildre
n 19
-35
mon
ths
old.
At
leas
t 250
chi
ldre
n fr
om H
awai
'i w
ere
in
the
natio
nal s
ampl
e of
26,
247.
Thi
s st
udy
estim
ated
that
86%
of
youn
g ch
ildre
n in
Haw
aii h
ad r
ecei
ved
the
"4:3
:,1
Seri
es".
The
nat
iona
l ave
rage
is 7
5%.
50
your
bab
y's
care
. I
real
ly d
ePen
d on
the
doct
or to
kno
w a
nd to
tell
me.
whe
n sh
ots
are
need
ed. T
hey
mak
e he
r
fuss
', bu
t I k
now
it's
bette
r fo
r he
r in
the
long
run.
/ th
ink
that
som
e of
the
shot
s ar
e ne
wI
don'
t rem
embe
r m
y so
n ge
l-
ling
the
sam
e on
es. A
t lea
st.
by th
e tim
e sh
e go
es Ii
i
pres
choo
l I w
ant h
er to
he
pro-
tect
ed fr
om th
e ill
ness
es o
f the
othe
r ch
ildre
n." M
AL
1A, M
OT
ISE
R O
FT
ull
1WO
,VE
Alif
8(I
)ii
5
13E
IKE
NT
FU
1.1.
1' I
MM
UN
IZE
D B
Y A
GE
2
",,p
onr
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
1987
1992
1987
-199
219
9419
92-1
994
Stat
e67
.960
.863
.01.
78
PHN
Sur
veys
at C
linic
s_
.
1993
1994
% C
hang
e
Hon
olul
u44
42-4
.55
Haw
aii
6376
20.6
3K
aua`
i24
6015
0.00
.
Mau
i25
81?)
4.00
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Tre
nd 0
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AR
AB
LE
1990
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
51
Clii
iidnu
.ki
ku f
iltW
EL
Opi
NE
Riv
Al P
RO
IHE
N5
Thi
s is
obv
ious
ly n
ot a
n 'o
utco
me'
indi
cato
r, o
ne w
hich
mor
e di
rect
ly r
efle
cts
the
wel
l -be
ing
of c
hild
ren,
but
is a
n
indi
cato
r of
ser
vice
s pr
ovid
ed. I
t is
incl
uded
with
the
belie
f th
at th
e pr
ovis
ion
of e
arly
iden
tific
atio
n an
d se
rvic
e
will
lead
to. a
red
uctio
n in
the
need
for
spe
cial
edu
ca-
tiona
l ser
vice
s at
a la
ter
time.
Chi
ldre
n, f
rom
bir
th to
age
3, a
re e
ligib
le f
or,s
ervi
ces
whe
n th
ey a
re id
entif
ied
as b
eing
aff
ecte
d by
the
follo
win
g: a
dev
elop
men
tal
dela
y, a
bio
logi
cal r
isk
(men
tal o
r ph
ysic
al c
ondi
tion
ofte
n re
sulti
ng in
a d
evel
opm
enta
l del
ay),
or
an
envi
ronm
enta
l ris
k. I
t is
estim
ated
that
25%
of
all
child
ren
face
one
or
mor
e of
thes
e ri
sk f
acto
rs.
The
indi
cato
r sh
ows
how
man
y of
thes
e ar
e
bein
g id
entif
ied
and
prov
ided
with
ser
vice
..
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
re h
as b
een
an in
crea
se in
the
num
ber
of
child
ren
birt
h to
thre
e ye
ars
of a
ge w
ho h
ave
been
iden
tifie
d as
'at r
isk
for
deve
lopm
enta
l
prob
lem
s' a
nd p
rovi
ded
serv
ices
. 68.
9% o
f
thos
e id
entif
ied
are
livin
g in
soc
io -
eco-
nom
ic c
ondi
tions
that
are
kno
wn
to h
ave
a ne
gativ
e af
fect
on
deve
lopm
ent,
whi
le
31.1
% h
ave
iden
tifie
d ph
ysic
al o
r m
en-
tal d
elay
s. T
he d
ata
are
not a
vaila
ble
by c
ount
y at
this
tim
e.
52
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
"It i
s te
rrib
ly fr
ight
en-
ing
whe
n yo
u re
aliz
e
that
you
r pr
ecio
us b
aby
is n
ot r
espo
ndin
g as
quic
kly
as o
ther
s he
r ag
e.
You
don
't kn
ow w
hat t
o
do, w
hat t
o ex
pect
, how
to
help
. rhe
a w
e be
gan
to tr
oth
with
peo
ple
who
taug
ht u
s
exer
cise
s an
d ga
mes
that
wou
ld m
ake
her
stro
nger
And
we
met
oth
er p
aien
ts w
ith th
e
sam
e co
ncer
ns. N
ow s
he is
in
scho
ol, m
ostly
in a
reg
ular
cla
ss."
Fin
n, P
alm
aO
ISE
\ I N
-111
11(-
01.1
) SI
I%%
1
PER
CE
NT
ID
EN
TIF
IED
AS
FOR
DE
VE
LO
PME
NT
AL
DE
LA
Y
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9419
90-1
994
Tre
nd
Sta
te4.
15.
615
.76
6.8
12.5
5
TR
EN
DS
IN R
ISK
3000
2500
2000
1500
F
1000
At
Ris
k"A
t Dev
elop
men
t Ris
k;-
1
500 0
"A
Li
The
incr
ease
in c
hild
ren
iden
tifie
d an
d se
rved
in-1
994
was
ref
lect
ed r
athe
r ev
enly
in b
oth
risk
cate
gorie
s..
'BE
STPO
PYA
VA
iLA
9LE
The
mea
sure
use
d W
ere
to in
dica
te s
choo
l rea
dine
ss is
enro
llmen
t of
disa
dvan
tqge
d fo
ur-y
ear-
olds
in s
ubsi
dize
d
pres
choo
l. 'D
isad
vant
aged
' chi
ldre
n w
ere
thos
e in
fam
ilies
with
inco
me
belo
w th
e po
vert
y le
vel o
r re
ceiv
ing
wel
fare
.
The
se a
re th
e ch
ildre
n w
ith le
ss li
kelih
ood
of h
avin
g
enri
chin
g ex
peri
ence
s th
at h
elp
them
be
read
y fo
r th
e
beha
vior
and
und
erst
andi
ngs
need
ed f
or s
choo
l suc
-
cess
. In
1993
-94,
the
subs
idiz
ed p
rogr
ams
incl
uded
wer
e H
ead
Star
t, K
ameh
ameh
a Sc
hool
s C
ente
r-B
ased
Pres
choo
l, an
d O
pen
Doo
rs.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
ava
ilabi
lity
of a
qua
lity
pres
choo
l 'ex
peri
ence
is g
row
ing
stat
ewid
e an
d in
eac
h of
the
coun
ties.
The
re a
re o
ther
pro
gram
s, m
ostly
thro
ugh
the
Dep
artm
ent
of H
uman
Ser
vice
s,th
e
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion,
and
the
mili
tary
-tha
t
are
not i
nclu
ded
here
as
diff
erin
g el
igib
ility
stan
dard
s ar
e us
ed a
nd s
ome
wou
ld b
e
mor
e pr
oper
ly c
alle
d C
hild
car
e pr
ogra
ms.
PgkE
pfak
iNci
[FO
R S
C
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
.EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:.
"11/
y da
ught
er is
in
Hea
d 'S
tart
and
I
like
that
bec
ause
I
can
talk
to h
er a
nd
get a
res
pons
e. S
he c
an
do m
ost t
hing
s fo
r he
r-
self
yet s
he d
oes
still
need
inn
(and
/ lik
e be
ing
.nee
ded
a lit
tle b
it). /
rea
lly
like
the
map
we
pare
nts
are
invo
lved
in H
ead
Sta
rtso
I kno
w w
hat s
he is
doi
ng a
nd
soni
c w
ays
to h
elp
her.
I'm
lear
ning
, too
, and
I ha
ve's
ome
time
to m
ysel
f now
."
KA
TH
Y
-a c
o
Ann
ual R
are
Cha
nge
1990
1994
te19
90-1
994
Rec
ent
Tre
ndSt
ate
41.8
70.0
12.8
80
L(al
t..
1
Q.c
ruN
:ET
T'g
tNrp
Tia
igtif
pizk
xcfs
a'
Hon
olul
uH
awai
i
Mau
i
199(
1
941
170
113
211
1994
1332
393
113
270
% c
hang
eT
rend
41.6
131.
")0
0.0
sam
e27
.90
BE
ST C
OPY
MU
M
1 9
9 6
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
55
Cha
d M
a) U
SE A
id ik
i,Eq1
1.E
ur
'N
orm
al d
evel
opm
ent i
s ve
ry d
iffi
cult
for
a ch
ild
who
has
bee
n su
bjec
ted
to a
buse
and
/oi n
egle
ct.
Mal
trea
tmen
t can
res
ult i
n ph
ysic
al h
arm
, in
prof
ound
dev
elop
men
tal a
nd b
ehav
iora
l pro
b-
lem
s, a
nd e
ven
deat
h.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A
The
rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
has
dec
reas
ed f
or
this
age
gro
up s
ince
199
0. H
owev
er, i
t
rem
ains
the
grou
p th
at f
aces
the
grea
test
risk
of
bein
g ab
used
. The
dec
reas
e is
not
unif
orm
at e
very
age
. In
fact
, the
rat
e ha
s
incr
ease
d fo
r in
fant
s be
fore
thei
r fi
rst
birt
hday
and
for
two-
year
-old
s.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
"My
hom
e fa
mily
, my
pare
nts,
abu
sed
me.
My
mom
hit
me
a lo
t. A
11, d
olt
sexu
ally
mol
este
d m
e
from
a v
ery
earl
y ag
e. R
's
affe
cted
me
a lo
t bec
ause
I
do th
ings
now
that
I w
ish
I
neve
r. d
id. I
t's k
ind
of h
ardt
o
talk
abo
ut m
y pa
rent
s 'c
ause
1
have
n't r
eally
for
gave
them
for
wha
t the
y've
don
e: B
ecau
se
they
id n
ot tr
eat m
e ri
ght,
I w
as
the
one
to b
e pu
nish
ed I
had
to
live
away
fro
m th
em a
nd f
rom
my
brot
hers
. I f
elt l
ike
the
outs
ider
whe
ther
1 w
as a
roun
d ny
bro
ther
s
or w
ith m
y fi
ster
fam
ily."
KA
RE
.'s, s
ow 4
1;1:
17
Bal
i CO
PY M
AK
E
itauL
-g A
gRou
ctii-
oA
ciE
5D
II
1980
'I
1990
B
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80 -
1991
)19
94A
nnua
l Rar
e of
Cha
nge
1990
-199
4R
ecen
tT
rend
Sta
re4.
310
.48.
818.
9-3
.72
F..S
7
<1
year
4.8
30.I
18.3
217
.4-1
3.69
1 ye
ar4.
05.
93.
877.
45.
4541
0
2 ye
ars
4.0
10.4
9.53
7.6
-7.7
90
3 ye
ars
3.7
5.6
4.10
7.3
6.49
4ye
ars
3.5
7.6
7.84
7.6
-0.1
2sa
me
5 ye
ars
5.8
4.2
-3.0
66.
19.
17
RA
TE
S O
F, C
HIL
D A
BU
SE A
MO
NG
TH
E Y
OU
NG
EST
1992
1993
1994
child
ren
are
at tw
ice
the
risk
of
child
aba
se b
efor
e th
ey r
each
lbei
rlir
st b
irth
day.
Rat
es o
f ch
ild
at e
ach
age
decl
ined
. in
199-
i.
com
pare
d to
/993
.
. c.'''
;''4.
,
',...-
;". ,
'''':,/
:4,,,
.'1,
''. 'R
I,-1
M;f
.. ''/
.,,t
1'',
....,
.1.4.
1,,,
,,,,.r
. - ,.
.S'
..1.
'<.'
:'t.
-0.-
''4
.,
-' , ,
..:,
,,..:
:. ,
v,"
iV
:.. ,
c.''
A O
Ni :
.. ,.
' r, .
`."
4.1
7...,
` ..:
+-
.'_
a a,
f.s
.r.,c
171-
11renAreltmorrowfs:most:
_.,.
;:....
..,,.
......
.0..,
-.4
prec
ious
reso
urce
. We
mus
t tak
e th
e
to n
iotiv
ate-
5 an
d to
-...
enco
urag
e ()
ur h
ldre
n. W
e ne
ed to
.
4T
1pth
n'se
goa
ls f
or th
erns
elve
4ciii
d
D
EA
Rly
Sch
ool Y
EA
RS
o st
and
besi
de th
em z
s th
ey s
eek
to.:.
.,
.,
:2 ,.
.,- ,
....;,
... .
, ..
,.
."
real
ize
thos
e go
als.
Fran
k V
. Cah
ouet
, Pre
side
nt a
dd C
EO
7:4
1C11
01/ B
in/ (
..)rp
orat
ion
.
,
away
Sch
ool Y
uan
iddl
e ch
ildho
od, t
he y
ears
fro
m s
ix to
twel
ve, g
ener
ally
mar
ks a
dis
tinct
ive
peri
od b
etw
een
maj
or d
evel
opm
enta
l tra
nsiti
on p
dint
s. D
urin
g th
is ti
me,
child
ren
gain
acc
ess
to n
ew s
ettin
gs a
nd e
ncou
nter
pre
ssur
es th
at p
rese
nt th
em
with
fre
sh c
halle
nges
. The
wid
enin
g w
orld
of
mid
dle
child
hood
is m
arke
d es
peci
ally
by
the
entr
y in
to s
choo
l. T
his
invo
lves
a n
ew s
et o
f so
cial
con
tact
sw
ith b
oth
adul
ts a
nd o
ther
chi
ldre
n
as w
ell a
s a
wid
er v
arie
ty o
f se
tting
s th
an th
ose
that
char
acte
rize
ear
ly c
hild
hood
.
Bet
wee
n th
e ag
es o
f si
x an
d tw
elve
, the
doo
r to
thin
king
is o
pene
d. C
hild
ren
are
alw
ays
tryi
ng to
mak
e se
nse
of th
eir
wor
ld. T
hey
are
driv
en to
fit
thin
gs to
geth
er a
nd m
ake
them
into
cohe
sive
who
les.
For
the.
mos
t par
t, sc
hool
-age
chi
ldre
n ar
e co
ncre
te o
pera
tiona
l thi
nker
s.
The
y fe
el a
sen
se o
f pr
ide
in th
eir
wor
k an
d 'a
chie
vem
ents
. Oft
en c
hild
ren
at th
is s
tage
nee
d
little
enc
oura
gem
ent t
o de
velo
p a
sens
e of
indu
stry
and
acc
ompl
ishm
ent
.
Dur
ing
mid
dle
child
hood
, phy
sica
l gro
wth
dec
eler
ates
and
fro
m o
utw
ard
appe
aran
ces
this
cou
ld e
asily
be
desc
ribe
d as
a le
ngth
enin
g-ou
t per
iod.
Chi
ldre
n be
com
e be
tter
coor
dina
ted
as th
ey g
ain
in s
tren
gth.
The
y ex
peri
ence
a s
tron
g dr
ive
to b
e ac
tive.
Jun
k fo
od
may
bec
ome
an is
sue
as th
e ch
ild m
akes
mor
e in
depe
nden
tjud
gmen
ts s
ince
goo
d nu
triti
on is
criti
cal f
or e
nsur
ing
the
stam
ina
and
ener
gy n
eede
d fo
r an
act
ive
life.
Tel
evis
ion
affe
cts
the
thou
ghts
and
fee
lings
of
scho
ol-a
ge c
hild
ren.
Som
e ex
pert
s 's
ay th
at
tele
visi
on h
urri
es c
hild
ren
and
forc
es th
em to
dea
l with
info
rmat
ion
for
whi
ch th
ey h
ave
no
foun
datio
ns f
or u
nder
stan
ding
. Stu
dies
indi
cate
that
whe
n. c
hild
ren
view
tele
visi
on v
iole
nce,
they
are
pro
ne to
act
agg
ie,s
sive
ly.
Play
is im
port
ant a
s a
basi
s fo
r ch
ildre
n to
get
to k
now
thei
r bo
dies
and
nat
ural
flo
wof
mov
emen
t. It
pro
mot
es g
row
th' n
ot o
nly
in th
e ph
ysic
al, b
ut a
lso
inth
e co
gniti
ve a
nd s
ocia
l
emot
iona
l dom
ains
. Mid
dle
child
hood
is a
pri
me
time
for
gam
es a
nd s
port
s w
hen
lear
ning
rule
s an
d co
oper
atio
n re
sults
in f
eelin
gs o
f pr
ide
and
acco
mpl
ishm
ent.
Chi
ldre
n ne
ed
oppo
rtun
ities
to c
ontr
ibut
e to
eac
h ot
her's
enj
oym
ent,
and
play
open
s m
any
such
doo
rs.
The
fam
ily a
nd p
rim
ary
care
giv
ers
cont
inue
to h
ave
the
mos
t im
port
ant
soci
aliz
ing
infl
uenc
e on
the
child
at t
his
stag
e. A
lthou
gh' i
ndep
ende
nce
is a
pri
mar
y m
ode
ofbe
haV
ing,
child
ren
still
nee
datte
ntio
n an
d gu
idap
ce. T
he I
mpo
rtan
ce o
f pa
rent
s' r
ole
duri
ng .t
his
age
...
cann
ot b
e ov
erst
ated
. A f
ine
line
exis
ts b
etw
een
letti
ng c
hild
ren
go o
rho
ldin
g th
em to
o tig
htly
to g
row
. Par
ents
are
no
long
er th
e on
ly s
igni
fica
nt a
dults
inth
e liv
es o
f ch
ildre
n. A
s yo
ungs
ters
cn
mov
e in
to th
e co
mm
unity
for
long
er p
erio
ds o
f tim
e ea
ch d
ay, t
hey
are
expo
sed
to a
var
iety
of
disc
iplin
ary
and
lead
ersh
ip s
tyle
s.
Tea
cher
s, w
ho e
xert
a v
ery
stro
ng in
flue
nce
on m
iddl
e-ag
e ch
ildre
n, c
an p
rovi
de a
n
..en
viro
nmen
t tha
t tes
ts th
e ch
ild's
new
ly d
evel
oped
cap
abili
ties.
Com
mun
ity le
ader
s (s
uch
as
coac
hes;
sco
ut le
ader
s, c
hurc
h w
orke
rs a
nd n
eigh
bors
) be
gin
to p
lay
a m
ajor
rol
e du
ring
mid
dle
child
hood
. Org
aniz
atio
ns th
at o
ffer
chi
ldre
n a
chan
ce to
bui
ld
thei
r ta
lent
s ar
e im
port
ant.
,.Sc
hool
s an
d ch
urch
es g
ive
child
ren
othe
r po
ints
of
view
and
tran
smit
new
per
spec
tives
into
thei
r cu
lture
s an
d va
lues
. The
impo
rtan
ce o
f ca
ring
, tru
stin
g
adul
ts in
thes
e si
gnif
ican
t rol
es
cann
ot b
e ov
erem
phas
ized
. The
deve
lopm
ent o
f at
tach
men
ts to
resp
onsi
ble
adul
ts a
nd p
eers
cre
ates
sign
ific
ant r
esili
ence
In
child
ren
whi
ch is
esp
ecia
lly n
eede
d by
thos
e
who
are
eco
nom
ical
ly d
isad
vant
aged
.
ti
61
. _
1
I ik.ts Iit:
4,; ;- 4i>
°I:A) elt 4r<ts:41
4
E.? ' .
_..eifearr
-Jkai"
. ;;14,-",t r
The
chi
ld d
eath
rat
e is
a m
easu
re o
f dea
ths
occu
rrin
g
to c
hild
ren
ages
1 th
roug
h 14
, per
10.0
,000
child
ren.
It is
rel
ated
to b
oth
heal
th a
nd s
afet
y of
child
ren:
ove
r a
quar
ter
of th
ese
deat
hs a
re
clas
sifie
d as
uni
nten
tiona
ldr
owni
ngs,
mot
or
vehi
cle
or p
edes
tria
n in
cide
nts,
and
so
fort
h.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
chi
ld d
eath
rat
e in
Haw
aii i
s co
nsid
erab
ly
belo
w th
e U
S a
vera
ge, w
hich
was
30.
5 in
1990
, and
impr
oved
to 2
8.8
in 1
992.
How
ever
, the
re is
gre
at v
aria
tion
with
in th
e
stat
e w
ith th
e ch
ildre
n.in
Haw
aii
Cou
nty'
faci
ng th
e gr
eate
st r
isk
and
thos
e in
Mau
i
Cou
nty
faci
ng th
e le
ast r
isk.
Chi
ldre
n of
Haw
aiia
n an
cest
ry a
re a
t gre
ates
t ris
k
amon
g et
hnic
gro
ups.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
The
re c
an b
e no
gre
ater
sorr
ow fo
r a
pare
nt th
an to
bury
You
r yo
ung
child
. You
stan
d in
his
roo
m, s
eeth
e to
ps
that
. be
will
neh
er p
lay
with
agai
n, th
ink
abou
t the
futu
re th
at
will
be
empt
y w
ithou
t him
. Whe
n I
clos
e m
y ey
es a
nd s
ee h
is la
ughi
ng
face
, my
hear
t bre
aks
allo
ver
agai
n
and
agai
n an
d ag
ain.
"
FA
TIE
R O
F S
EV
EN
-YF
AR
-OLD
TR
4FF
IC v
ictim
64
Tg.
.rm
ytin
t-
-
PH
ILD
DE
AT
H R
AT
E, A
GE
S 1
-14
(peP
tiob,
060
child
ren
ofkP
ago
rv,v
11;-
mrp
ar ,r
-an
Sta
te
1980
33.1
1990
24.3
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
-3.1
1
1994
21.2
Ann
ual R
ate"
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
90-1
994
-3.3
4
Hon
olul
u32
.320
.4-4
.61
18.9
Haw
ai'i
15.4
36.0
8.51
40.2
Kau
ai.3
7.3
43.7
1.58
24.4
Mau
i59
.828
.0-7
.59
8.7
6-3E
ME
:1(
WIti
a-V
IO*1
1114
Mka
*,=
':,:!4
.:.11
. ,liz
;c4
.,
1980
1990
1994
% o
f all
child
dea
ths
Cau
casi
an14
95
10
Haw
aiia
n20
2021
42
Japa
nese
I55
510
Fili
pino
10II
612
Chi
nese
31
00
Pac
ific
Isla
nder
32
612
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an1
I2
Oth
er3
56
12
-1.8
4
2.72
-14.
61
-29.
30
% o
f pop
ulat
ion
30 18 16 I8 4 4 3 7
PR
OP
OR
TIO
N O
F C
HIL
D D
EA
TH
S O
FF
ICIA
LLY
FR
OM
iNIII
NIE
S
100 75 50 25 0
All
Cau
ses
la C
ause
d B
y In
jury
T C
IOP
Y A
VA
ILA
BLE
65
Tre
nd
sam
e 0 0 sam
e
Cif
ildR
EN
gthi
mq
PAR
EN
TS
IN A
FTE
R-S
al)
PER
0q1R
AN
I
The
re is
a g
row
ing
tren
d bo
th n
atio
nally
and
in'H
awai
'i fo
r
child
ren
to h
ave
both
par
ents
or
thei
r on
ly p
aren
t in
the
labo
r fo
rce.
A s
ubst
antia
l num
ber
are
"lat
chke
y" k
ids
=-
they
spe
nd s
ome
or a
ll of
thei
r pa
ient
s' w
orki
ng h
ours
hom
e al
one.
Thi
s is
mor
e tr
ue f
or o
lder
kid
s, f
or k
ids
who
se m
othe
rs w
ork
full-
time,
and
for
thos
e liv
ing
in
subu
rban
are
as. W
e tr
ack
only
thos
e ki
ds e
nrol
led
in
the
A+
pro
gram
. Whi
le th
ere
are
othe
r ve
ry
satis
fact
ory
arra
ngem
ents
, the
A+
enr
ollm
ent
prov
ides
a g
ener
al in
dica
tion
of c
hild
ren
inS
TO
RY
TO
LD B
Yor
gani
zed
prog
ram
s.E
XP
ER
IEN
CE
:
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
"I w
ort)
, if
ever
y-
The
re w
as a
slig
htly
sm
alle
r pe
rcen
tage
in A
+th
ing
is o
kay
in
afte
r sc
hool
car
e in
199
4 th
an th
ere
was
insc
hool
and
if th
ey
1990
, but
this
is 1
0% le
ss th
an in
199
3.go
t hom
e sa
fe. I
wor
ry
Cou
nty
vari
atio
nis
con
side
rabl
e. I
nm
ore
abou
t str
ange
rs
subs
eque
nt y
ears
the
tren
ds in
enr
ollm
ent
doin
g th
ings
to m
y
by c
ount
y w
ill b
e im
port
ant-
to n
ote.
The
sech
ildre
n th
an a
bout
the
tren
ds c
an th
en b
e co
mpa
red
to tr
ends
inch
ildre
n do
ing
som
ethi
ng
child
hood
inju
ries
for
this
age
gro
upst
upid
. The
y ha
ve a
ctiv
ities
and
to n
egat
ive
outc
omes
in a
dole
scen
ta
coup
le o
f da
ys a
wee
k th
at
beha
vior
, whi
ch r
esea
rch
has
show
nta
ke u
p th
e tim
e un
til I
get
to b
e lin
ked
to la
ck o
f ad
ult t
ies
and
hom
e an
d I
do a
ssig
n th
em
chor
es.
But
,th
eyar
en't
unpr
oduc
tive
use
of ti
me.
disc
iplin
ed a
s m
uch
as th
ey
shou
ld b
e, th
ey w
atch
... T
hey
/are
n't d
isci
plin
ed a
s m
uch,
they
wat
ch to
o m
uch
TV
, and
I w
orry
,
wor
ry; w
orry
TE
RM
,bU
miu
of
11%
11 (
M;E
S8
AN
D 1
0)
Pg
1I
Sta
te :4"1
51,1
gT4Y
4:
Hon
olul
uH
a w
a i`
i
Ka
na `
i.
Mau
i
.
1'I'
Annual Rate of Change
1980
1990
1980-1990
1994
- n.a
43.3
11.3
.41
.5
7.7A
1V;(
7..
n.a.
41.9
n.a.
41.0
n.a.
46.6
n.a.
36.5
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AL
AK
.F
Annual Rate of Change
Recent
1990-1994
Trend
-1.0
5 67
'RE
A5(
110R
[INg
AC
Adi
fEiN
k PR
OC
VIR
S5
Doe
s m
oney
mat
ter,
whe
n it
com
es to
impr
ovin
g ed
ucat
ion
and
stud
ent a
chie
vem
ent?
In
Rea
l Edu
catio
n Sp
endi
ng p
er p
upil
Sept
embe
r 19
94, t
he A
mer
ican
Leg
isla
tive
Exc
hang
e C
ounc
il re
port
ed: "
An
anal
ysis
of
the
(in 1
992
dolla
rs)
late
st a
vaila
ble
stud
ent p
erfo
rman
ce m
easu
res,
com
pare
d w
ith e
xpen
ditu
res,
ave
rage
teac
her
sala
ries
, and
oth
er e
duca
tion
spen
ding
var
iabl
es, i
ndic
ates
no
dire
ct o
r sy
stem
atic
rel
atio
nshi
p
betw
een
spen
ding
and
stu
dent
per
form
ance
". H
owev
er, i
n A
pril
1996
, the
Nat
iona
l
Con
fere
nce
of S
tate
Leg
isla
ture
s st
ated
:"R
ecen
t stu
dies
hav
e ta
ken
adva
ntag
e of
mor
e
soph
istic
ated
res
earc
h m
etho
ds to
re:
anal
yze
the
resu
lts o
f al
mos
t 20
year
s of
stu
dies
and
to
craf
t new
one
s. T
his
new
bod
y of
res
earc
h ch
alle
nges
ear
lier
find
ings
." T
he n
ew r
esea
rch
conc
lude
d th
at "
ther
e w
as a
pos
itive
rel
atio
nshi
p be
twee
n ex
pend
iture
and
stu
dent
1970
1980
1992
% C
hang
e
US
aver
age
$3,1
26$3
;958
$5,4
2173
.4
Haw
aii
$3,2
22$4
,404
5$5
,420
"68
.2
*adj
uste
d fo
r co
st o
f liv
ing
= $
4,20
2, r
anki
ng 4
4th
amon
g 50
sta
tes
Rea
l Per
Cap
ita P
erso
nal I
ncom
eac
hiev
emen
t." T
he g
reat
est d
iffe
renc
e oc
curr
ed w
hen
incr
ease
d fu
ndin
g w
ent t
owar
d sm
alle
r(in
199
1 do
llars
)
clas
s si
zes,
mor
e ex
peri
ence
d te
ache
rs a
nd te
ache
rs w
ith h
ighe
r le
vels
of
form
al e
duca
tion.
How
doe
s H
awai
i sta
ck u
p in
sch
ool e
xpen
ditu
res?
A r
ecen
t stu
dy b
y th
e C
ente
r fo
r th
e
Stud
y of
the'
Stat
es e
xam
ined
how
fun
ding
of
prog
ram
s fo
r ch
ildre
n va
ries
am
ong
the
50 s
izes
.
It w
as f
ound
that
fou
r fa
ctor
s af
fect
sta
te a
nd lo
cal s
pend
ing
for
child
ren'
s se
rvic
es:
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
and
how
man
y of
,them
are
poo
r;
the
fisc
al c
apac
ity o
f st
ate
and
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
;
the
effo
rt e
xert
ed to
util
ize
that
fis
cal c
apac
ity; a
nd
the
shar
e of
ava
ilabl
e re
venu
e de
vote
d to
chi
ldre
n's
prog
ram
s as
opp
osed
to
othe
r se
rvic
es.
The
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
driv
es th
e ne
ed f
or s
ervi
ces.
Fisc
al c
apac
ity s
how
s ho
w m
uch
stat
es c
an p
oten
tially
aff
ord
to s
pend
. Tax
eff
ort t
ells
how
muc
h of
that
cap
acity
is a
ctua
lly
tapp
ed.
Fina
lly, e
ach
stat
e's
prio
ritie
s de
term
ine
how
muc
h of
its
tota
l rev
enue
goe
s to
child
ren'
s pr
ogra
ms.
As
a ge
nera
l rul
e, th
e hi
gher
a s
tate
's p
er c
apita
inco
me,
the
mor
e it
tend
s to
spe
nd p
er p
upil.
The
rel
atio
nshi
p be
twee
n pe
r ca
pita
inco
me
and
scho
ol s
pend
ing
as a
pro
port
ion
of p
erso
nal
inco
me
is m
uch
wea
ker,
alth
ough
it is
stil
l pos
itive
. Haw
aii i
s am
ong
the
low
est s
tate
s (a
t lea
st
20%
bel
ow a
vera
ge)
in e
duca
tion
spen
ding
per
$10
0 of
per
sona
l inc
ome.
Oth
ers
in th
is c
ateg
ory,
are
Ala
bam
a, C
alif
orni
a, F
lori
da, I
llino
is, M
assa
chus
etts
, Mis
sour
i, N
evad
a, a
nd T
enne
ssee
.
68
1970
1980
1992
% C
hang
e
US
aver
age
$14,
573
$15,
704
$19,
199
31.7
Haw
aii
$16,
951
$16,
659
$21,
621
27.6
adju
sted
for
cost
of l
ivin
g =
$16
,659
Edu
catio
n Sp
endi
ng p
er $
100
of P
erso
nal I
ncom
e(in
199
2 do
llars
)
1970
1980
1992
% C
hang
e
US
aver
age
$4.4
6$4
.30
$4.3
1-2
.2
-Haw
aii
$4.2
9$3
.87
$3.6
0-1
6.0
BE
ST
CO
PY
AM
IAB
LE
69
AC
AdE
NIC
Sinc
e le
arni
ng is
wid
ely
cons
ider
ed to
be
the
num
ber
one
"job
" of
chi
ldho
od, i
t is
impo
rtan
t to
asse
ss h
ow
wel
l tha
t "jo
b" is
bei
ng-d
one.
Whi
le th
e fi
rst H
awai
i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
aboo
k us
ed th
e re
sults
of
the
Nat
iona
l
Ass
essm
ent o
f E
duca
tiona
l Pro
gres
s fo
r fo
urth
.
grad
ers
as th
e in
dica
tor,
the
sam
e m
easu
re is
not
avai
labl
e ea
ch y
ear.
In
fact
, the
ent
ire
prog
ram
is
bein
g cu
rtai
led
by th
e. b
udge
t dif
ficu
lties
on
the
natio
nal l
evel
. The
refo
re, t
he p
erce
ntag
e of
ele
-
men
tary
sch
ool s
tude
nts
(thi
rd g
rade
) sc
orin
g
aver
age
or b
ette
r on
the
mat
h se
ctio
n of
the
Stan
ford
Ach
ieve
men
t Tes
t is
repo
rted
.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Dat
a fo
r ov
er f
our
year
s is
rep
ofte
d.
How
ever
, sco
res
for
1990
-91
and
'ear
lier
are
from
the
SAT
7th
Edi
tion;
sco
res
for
late
r ye
ars
are
from
. 8th
Edi
tion.
Bot
h
cont
ent a
nd n
orm
s w
ere
chan
ged
for
the
new
edi
tion,
so
com
pari
ng s
core
s fr
om
the
two
editi
ons
is n
ot V
alid
. The
refo
re,.
the
chan
ge m
easu
red
is b
etw
een
the
1992
and
199
4 da
ta. T
his
indi
cate
s
no c
hang
e on
the
stat
e le
vel,
but
slig
htly
mor
e st
uden
ts in
Haw
ai'i
and
Mau
i Cou
ntie
s sc
ored
bel
ow
aver
age
in 1
994
than
ear
lier.
The
re w
as d
efin
ite im
prov
emen
t
in K
aua'
i.
70
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
ES
"It's
exc
iting
to s
ee
how
muc
h m
y so
n is
lear
ning
. Eve
n no
w h
e
com
es h
ome
and
tells
me
thin
gs' d
idn
1 kn
ow. S
ome
of h
is h
omew
ork
is b
eyon
d
me
and
I ca
n't a
lway
s he
lp
him
. Now
we
are
havi
ng
Som
e di
sagr
eem
ent b
etw
een
me
and
his
Dad
abo
ut o
ur
stan
dard
s.,S
houl
d w
e in
sist
on
A's
or
A's
and
B's
? O
r sh
ould
we
just
insi
st th
at h
e do
es h
is b
est?
Wha
t if
som
ethi
ng is
to h
ard
or if
he c
an't
unde
rsta
nd th
e te
ache
r?"
Nw
mi,
Nlo
m
.10.
1
RO
q[11
E55
,
1990
Stat
e80
.1
I,
1992
8 I
.3
Is
1994
81.4
I'
Per
cent
age
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
92-1
994
Tre
nd
0.04
dIJ
N T
Ylif
ffr
,b;
,..
Hon
olul
u80
.282
.182
.30.
27H
awai
`i74
.677
.976
.5-1
.75
Kau
a`i
81.4
78.1
81.3
4.08
Mau
i86
.382
.681
.2-1
.67
I9
,I
1992
9I
1994
S
Per
cent
age
of C
hang
e19
92-1
994
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Star
e44
440.
00sa
me
1, .
Mal
e39
38-2
.56
Fem
ale
4949
0.00
sam
e
; RT
CF.
Cau
casi
an59
6510
.17
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an29
303.
45H
ispa
nic
32
320.
00sa
me
Asi
an11
.a.
61n.
a.Pa
cifi
c Is
land
ern.
a.32
n.a.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
Aii,
A6L
E
71
Cilf
iichk
EN
M-0
-11-
o 5p
Ec5
41. N
EE
ds
Thi
s is
a m
easu
re o
f as
sist
ance
pro
vide
d to
stu
dent
s w
ith
spec
ial e
duca
tiona
l nee
ds. S
tudi
es h
ave
show
n th
at
clos
e to
12%
of
stud
ents
cou
ld q
ualif
y fo
r sp
ecia
l
educ
atio
nal s
ervi
ces,
so
an in
crea
sed
perc
enta
ge
rece
ivin
g se
rvic
es w
ill b
e co
nsid
ered
an
impr
ove-
men
t unt
il su
ch ti
me
asth
e pe
rcen
tage
ser
ved
appr
oxim
ates
the
estim
ated
dem
and.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Bet
wee
n 19
90 a
nd 1
994,
ther
e ha
s be
en a
sign
ific
ant i
ncre
ase
in th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
elem
enta
ry s
choo
l stu
dent
s re
ceiv
ing
spec
ial
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
educ
atio
nal s
ervi
ces
in H
awai
'i. I
nfor
mat
ion
at th
e co
unty
leve
l is
not a
vaila
ble
for
that
grm
t wat
chin
g a
peri
od o
f tim
e, s
o m
ore-
rece
nt d
ata
are
hand
c `
gypp
edch
ild
reac
h go
als.
It t
ook
Bet
hev
alua
ted.
Thi
s, s
how
s th
at s
ervi
ces
until
age
fiv
e to
be
able
incr
ease
d by
ove
r 10
% in
Kau
aH f
rom
to r
ide
a tr
icyc
le, a
nd it
1993
to 1
994,
whi
le H
onol
ulu
and
Mau
iw
as s
o ex
citin
g w
hen
she
Cou
ntie
s ex
peri
ence
d de
crea
ses.
72
fina
lly d
id it
."
DE
TIV
S D
AD
DY
"We
bane
to h
e in
voke
d in
her
educ
atio
n m
ore
than
mos
t.
pare
nts,
I th
ink,
and
som
etim
es
it is
har
d to
get
tim
e of
f fr
om
wor
k fi
n- m
eetin
gs w
ith te
ache
rs;
but t
his
is im
port
ant s
o th
at th
ere
are
cons
iste
nt e
xpec
tatio
ns(el
her
prog
ress
.".
S. \
M
PER
CE
NT
OF
PUB
LIC
SC
HO
OL
EL
EM
EN
TA
RY
ST
UD
EN
TS
IN S
RE
CIA
LE
DU
CA
TIO
N
Stat
e
1980
Rat
eof
Cha
nge
1990
1980
-90
Anp
tial
Rat
eof
Cha
nge
1994
1990
-94
4.5
-0.1
9.
5.6
.'s
6.03
Hon
oitd
uH
awai
lK
auai
Mau
i
Rec
ent
Tre
nd 0
1993
1994
Cha
nge
Tre
nd
5.7
5.5
-3.5
1
5.3
5.5
3.77
6.7
7.5
11.9
4-
4.8
4.6
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
A6L
AB
LE
73
(S
Edl
UC
AT
ION
AL
ME
AS
UR
ES
E1E
MIE
NT
AR
y Y
EA
RS
Whi
le a
cade
mic
ach
ieve
men
t is
the
impo
rtan
t ind
icat
or
rela
ted
to s
choo
ling,
oth
er b
ehav
iors
are
bei
ng
stre
ssed
as
wel
l. A
ttend
ance
and
beh
avio
ral m
easu
res
give
a h
int o
f m
atur
ing,
taki
ng r
espo
nsib
ility
for
actio
ns. S
ome
of th
e 'e
nvir
onm
enta
l' in
dica
tors
(per
cent
rec
eivi
ng n
utri
tiona
l ass
ista
nce
and
perc
ent n
ot c
hang
ing
scho
ols
in m
id-y
ear)
are
indi
cativ
e of
the
stre
sses
fac
ed b
y st
uden
ts.
1994
Ave
rage
Dai
ly A
ttend
ance
1994
Per
cent
Com
plet
ing
Yea
r in
Sam
e Sc
hool
Stat
e.94
.9%
Stat
e95
.8%
Cou
nty:
Cou
nty:
Hon
olul
u94
.7%
Hon
olul
u94
.6%
Haw
aii
93.2
%H
awai
`i96
.7%
Kau
al93
.2%
kaua
`i97
.0%
'Mau
i93
.6%
Mau
i96
.8%
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
ES
Com
pare
d to
199
3, a
ttend
ance
was
up
slig
htly
,"I
fee
l lik
e he
r al
ien-
espe
cial
ly in
Haw
aii C
ount
y. M
ore
stud
ents
danc
e an
d he
r be
havi
orW
ere
refe
rred
for
dis
cipl
inar
y at
tent
ion.
in s
choo
l are
my
grad
es,
Mor
e st
uden
ts w
ere
able
to s
pend
the
how
tm d
oing
as
aen
tire
year
at t
he s
ame
scho
ol, a
lthou
ghpa
rent
. I c
an't
take
the
test
ther
e w
as m
ore
scho
ol-t
o-sc
hool
.
fitr
her
, but
t can
mak
e su
reva
riat
ion.
The
pro
port
ion
of s
tude
nts
that
she
is in
sch
ool e
very
requ
irin
g nu
triti
onal
sup
port
incr
ease
dda
y th
at s
he is
n't s
ick,
that
in, e
very
cou
nty,
with
the
grea
test
she
is o
n tim
e an
d re
ady
toin
crea
se o
n th
e B
ig I
slan
d.w
ork.
Ikn
owth
athe
r
clas
smat
esin
flue
nce
her
beha
vior
, but
stil
l I th
ink
she
mos
tly b
ehav
es th
e w
ay s
he h
as
been
taug
ht a
t hom
e: r
espe
ct th
e
teac
her,
be
quie
t exc
ept f
or r
eces
s,
leav
e ot
her
peop
le's
bel
ongi
ngs
alon
e...
that
soi
t of
'thin
g. B
ut
.inte
rmed
iafe
and
hig
h sc
hool
may
be
som
ethi
ng d
iffe
rent
!"
74JO
CE
LYN
,B
ER
's M
O,'
1994
Per
cent
of
Stud
ents
with
Cla
ss B
Dis
cipl
inar
y R
efer
rals
(le
ss s
erio
us in
frac
tions
)19
93 P
erce
nt R
ecei
ving
Fre
e/R
educ
ed P
rice
Lun
ch
Stat
e95
8 st
uden
ts r
efer
red
= 0
.6%
Stat
e40
.0%
Cou
nty:
Cou
nty:
Hon
olul
u-47
7 st
uden
ts r
efer
red
= 0
.6%
Hon
olul
u37
.9%
411
stud
ents
ref
erre
d =
2.9
%H
aWai
`i54
.0%
Kau
a`i
23 s
tude
nts
refe
rred
= 1
.0%
Kau
ai40
.0%
Mau
i47
stu
dent
s re
ferr
ed =
0.5
%M
aui
35.6
%
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE75
Chi
ld A
bUA
Nd
NE
callE
cT
The
em
otio
nal a
nd p
hysi
cal d
amag
e ch
ildre
n su
ffer
fro
m a
buss
e
and
negl
ect i
s ex
tens
ive.
Doc
umen
ted
cons
eque
nces
of
abus
e
incl
ude
chro
nic
heal
th p
robl
ems
and
poor
em
otio
nal
deve
lopm
ent s
uch
as lo
w s
elf-
este
em, l
ack
of tr
ust,
and
poor
rel
atio
nshi
ps w
ith a
dults
and
pee
rs.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Whi
le th
e ov
eral
l rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
and
neg
lect
has
decr
ease
d ea
ch y
ear
sinc
e 19
90, t
he r
ate
for
child
ren
ages
6 th
roug
h 11
has
incr
ease
d. F
or 1
994,
,the
risk
to c
hild
ren
in th
is a
ge r
ange
. was
hig
her
than
that
for
olde
r ch
ildre
n, a
lthou
gh s
till l
ower
than
that
for
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
thos
e at
you
nger
age
s. T
he o
vera
ll ra
te o
f ch
ildE
XP
ER
IEN
CE
:
abus
e an
d ne
glec
t has
dec
lined
in H
onol
ulu
and
"Mov
ing
from
one
!Can
al c
ount
ies,
but
incr
ease
d in
Haw
ai'i
and
fost
erbo
rne
to
Mau
i. T
he B
ig I
slan
d no
w h
as th
e hi
ghes
t rat
es.
anot
her
is s
o ha
rd. I
Am
ong
the
ethn
ic g
roup
s, o
nly
Japa
nese
and
Haw
aiia
n/pa
rt-H
awai
ian
child
ren
are
at
slig
htly
gre
ater
ris
k th
an a
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f
the
deca
de. C
hine
se a
nd J
apan
ese
child
ren
have
the
low
est r
ate.
just
wan
t to
know
lhat
Iam
.saj
e, th
at I
belo
ng
som
ewhe
re,th
at s
ome-
one'
s..g
oing
to ta
ke c
are
of m
e: W
hen
I bai
l to
chan
ge s
choo
ls a
gain
last
year
, I d
idn'
t lik
e m
y ne
w
teac
her
and
the
kids
wer
en't
frie
ndly
. The
re w
as ju
st s
o
muc
h 'd
iffer
ent,
so m
uch
to g
et
used
to a
llat
onc
e."
.
MIC
HA
EL
, AG
E 9
BE
STC
OPY
AV
AiL
ASL
E
76
Aiu
s S
II11
)
RATE
orCHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT, AGES
6 -1
1(p
er m
ow ,-
bild
ren
of th
is a
ge)
Stat
e
1980
1990
Ann
ual'R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
9419
90-1
994
. Tre
nd
3.2
4.8
4.30
7.3
RATE OF C1111D ABUSE AND
NEGLECT, AGES 0 -17
(per
100
,000
chi
ldre
n of
this
age
)
10.37
1990
8.1
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
1994
7.7
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
994
-1.45
Stat
e
1980
3.6
Hon
olul
u3.6
7.2
6.93
6.3
-3.31
Haw
ai`i
2.8
4.5
4.82
12.5
25.67
Kau
a`i
5.3
14.8
10.25
10.4
-8.79
Mau
i2.6
6.4
9.12
8.3
6.40
Cau
casi
an3.1
4.7
4.10
3.2
-10.00
Japa
nese
0.5
0.5
-0.40
0.6
3.97
Haw
aiia
n4.9
13.2
9.91
14.6
2.60
Filip
ino
1.5
3.0
6.73
2.5
-4.40
Chi
nese
1.4
0.8
-5.28
0.4
-14.90
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an4.4
9.4
7.60
5.0
-15.76
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
n.a,
9.8
n.a.
8.2
14.61
Oth
ern.
a.31.5
n.a.
31.8
0.24
Fem
ale
3.9
9.3
8.72
8.7
-1.43
Mal
e3.1
7.0
8.13
6.4
-2.34
77
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
r
econ
omic
disa
ster
.
.
M.
K.o
l ber
g, P
resi
dent
Nat
iona
l Alli
ance
Rus
ines
Ad0
11.E
SCE
NC
E
dole
scen
ts h
ave
a gr
eat d
eal o
f di
scre
tiona
ry ti
me.
.Onl
y 60
% o
f yo
ung
peop
les'
wak
ing
hour
s,ar
e co
nsum
ed b
y. s
choo
l, em
ploy
men
t, ea
ting,
,cho
res,
or
hotn
ewor
k. G
row
ing
up in
hou
seho
lds
in w
hich
par
ents
are
spe
ndin
g in
crea
sing
ly
mor
e ho
urs
at w
ork
and
in n
eigh
borh
oods
whe
re n
eigh
bors
don
'tkn
ow e
ach
othe
r,. m
any
adol
esce
nts
spen
d m
uch
of th
is d
iscr
etio
nary
tim
e al
one.
Acc
ordi
ng to
a 1
988
Nat
iona
l
Edu
catio
n L
ongi
tudi
nal S
tudy
, 27%
of
eigh
th g
rade
r's s
pent
two
or m
ore
hour
s at
hom
e al
one
afte
r sc
hool
, Tod
ay's
you
th a
re e
ncou
nter
ing
toba
cco,
alc
ohol
, dru
gs, a
nd s
exua
lac
tivity
at
earl
ier
ages
, and
thos
e yo
uth
who
spe
nd ti
me
unsu
perv
ised
are
mor
e pr
one
to e
ngag
e in
ris
ky
beha
vior
. You
th f
rom
low
-inc
ome
fam
ilies
are
mor
e lik
ely
to a
ttend
poo
r sc
hool
s, f
ace
risk
s in
thei
r da
ily li
ves,
and
be
unsu
perv
ised
. The
se y
outh
are
als
o th
e le
ast-
abl
e to
acc
ess
yout
h-
serv
ing
orga
niza
tions
.
Non
scho
ol d
iscr
etio
nary
tim
e re
pres
ents
an
enor
mou
s po
tent
ial f
or e
ither
des
irab
le o
r
unde
sira
ble
outc
omes
in a
you
ng p
erso
n's
life.
You
ng p
eopl
e ar
e th
emse
lves
inte
rest
ed a
nd
exci
ted
abou
t the
opp
ortu
nity
to u
se th
eir
nons
choo
l tim
e in
pos
itive
and
cre
ativ
e w
ays.
Res
earc
h ha
s fo
und
that
you
ng p
eopl
e w
ho p
artic
ipat
ed in
you
th g
roup
sre
port
ed in
crea
sed
prid
e, s
elf-
conf
iden
ce, c
omm
unic
atio
n sk
ills,
abi
lity
to w
ork
with
oth
ers,
and
lead
ersh
ip a
nd
empl
oym
ent s
kills
. In
one
stud
y, 5
8% o
f th
ose
four
teen
- to
sev
ente
en-y
ear-
olds
sam
pled
part
icip
ated
in v
olun
teer
wor
k an
d ot
her
adol
esce
nts
expr
esse
d in
tere
st in
vol
unte
erin
g.
You
ng a
dole
scen
ts h
ave
i gre
at d
eal o
f po
sitiv
eif
oft
en n
ot w
holly
tapp
eden
ergy
fro
m
whi
ch c
omm
uniti
es w
ould
cer
tain
ly b
enef
it.
-A
s w
ith o
ther
sta
ges
of g
row
th; h
ere
is m
ulti-
face
ted
deve
lopm
ent.
Ado
lesc
ent
prob
lem
s
are
likel
y to
ste
m f
rom
invo
lvem
ent i
n ri
sk-t
akin
gbe
havi
ors
(e.g
. dri
ving
und
er th
e in
flue
nce
of
alco
hol o
r en
gagi
ng in
unp
rote
cted
sex
ual a
ctiv
ity)
to w
hich
ado
lesc
ents
are
som
etim
es p
rone
.
Hig
h po
vert
y an
d dr
op-o
ut r
ates
are
def
inite
ly c
onne
cted
to a
dole
scen
t hea
lth is
sues
as
youn
g pe
ople
who
are
impo
veri
shed
or
who
dro
p ou
tof
scho
ol a
re a
t gre
ater
ris
k of
poo
r,
heal
th. Y
oung
peo
ple
who
are
bot
h ac
adem
ical
ly-p
oor
stud
ents
and
livi
ng in
pov
erty
are
thre
e to
five
tim
es m
ore
likel
y to
bec
ome
adol
esce
nt p
aren
ts th
an th
eir
peer
s w
ho a
rego
od s
tude
nts
and
li've
abo
ve th
e po
vert
y lin
e. W
hile
pre
gnan
cy r
ates
are
oft
en h
ighe
r fo
r m
inor
ityyo
uth
popu
latio
ns, t
he d
iffe
renc
e of
ten
disa
ppea
rs w
hen
cont
rolle
d fo
red
Uca
tiona
l per
form
ance
and
pove
rty.
In
fact
, ado
lesc
ents
fro
m r
acia
l, an
d et
hnic
min
oriti
es a
rebe
set b
y a
num
ber
of
AN
d V
onw
v[i3
prob
lem
s, m
any
of w
hich
are
mor
e lik
ely
to b
e ex
plai
ned
by d
iffe
renc
es in
soc
ioec
onom
ic s
tatu
s.
Res
earc
hers
hav
e id
entif
ied
som
e th
emes
in th
e po
sitiv
e an
d he
alth
y de
velo
pmen
t of
youn
g pe
ople
. Res
ilien
cy in
you
th c
an b
e en
cour
aged
so
that
they
are
bet
ter
able
to w
ithst
and
cris
es a
nd s
tres
s. T
hese
incl
ude:
a su
ppor
t sys
tem
, mos
t lik
ely
in th
e fo
rm o
f a
supp
ortiv
e fa
mily
, but
alte
rnat
ivel
y fr
om s
ome
othe
r co
ncer
ned
adul
ts;
scho
ols
whi
ch a
re s
mal
l, co
mfo
rtab
le, s
afe,
and
inte
llect
ually
eng
agin
g
and
emot
iona
lly in
timat
e co
mm
uniti
es; a
nd
peer
s w
ith w
hom
pos
itive
rel
atio
nshi
ps, o
ften
und
er th
egu
idan
ce o
f an
adul
t, ar
e fo
rmed
1:77
.Yr.
"3
Stro
ng c
omm
unity
-bas
ed p
rogr
anis
hel
p yo
uth
deV
elop
res
ilien
ce
thio
ugh
build
ing
soci
al c
ompe
tenc
e, p
robl
em-s
olvi
ng s
kills
, ind
epen
denc
e, a
nd s
ense
purp
ose
and
of f
utur
e. I
n ad
ditio
n, s
tron
g co
mm
unity
-bas
ed p
rogr
ams
prov
ide
adul
t,ro
le m
odel
s
and
men
tors
for
you
ng p
eopl
e an
d cr
eate
a s
ourc
e of
sta
bilit
y fo
r yo
uths
and
thei
r fa
mili
es.
of
81
cAdc
mic
PR
OU
,ESS
Sinc
e le
arni
ng is
wid
ely
cons
ider
ed to
be
the
num
ber
one
"job
" of
chi
ldho
od, i
t is
impo
rtan
t to
asse
ss h
ow w
ell t
hat
"job
" is
bei
ng d
one.
Whi
le th
e fi
rst H
awai
i Kid
s C
ount
Dat
aboo
k us
ed th
e re
sults
of
the
Nat
iona
l Ass
essm
ent o
f
Edu
catio
nal P
rogr
ess
for
eigh
th g
rade
rs a
s th
e in
dica
tor,
the
sam
e m
easu
re is
not
ava
ilabl
e ea
ch y
ear.
In
fact
, the
entir
e pr
ogra
m is
bei
ng c
urta
iled
by b
udge
t dif
ficu
lties
on th
e na
tiona
l lev
el. T
here
fore
, the
per
cent
age
of
inte
rmed
iate
sch
ool s
tude
nts
scor
ing
aver
age
or b
et-
ter
on th
e m
ath
sect
ion
of th
e St
anfo
rd A
chie
vem
ent
Tes
t is
repo
rted
.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Dat
a fo
r ov
er f
our
year
s ar
e re
port
ed. H
owev
er,
scor
es f
or 1
990-
91 a
nd e
arlie
r ar
e fr
om th
e
SAT
7th
Edi
tion;
sco
res
for
late
r ye
ars
are
from
the
8th
Edi
tion.
Bot
h co
nten
t and
norm
s w
ere
chan
ged
for
the
new
edi
tion,
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
so c
ompa
ring
sco
res
from
the
two
edi-
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
'tion
s is
not
val
id. T
here
fore
, the
cha
nge
"We
wan
t Ayl
e to
do
wel
l in
mea
sure
d is
bet
wee
n th
e 19
92 a
ndsc
hool
, esp
ecia
lly n
ow th
at h
e
1994
dat
a. T
his
indi
cate
s sl
ight
is in
inte
rmed
iate
sch
ool.
We
impr
ovem
ent f
or th
e en
tire
stat
e,t,.
rto
. mak
e su
re.h
e do
es h
is
hom
ewor
k an
d do
esn'
t wat
ch to
obu
t mor
e st
uden
ts in
Haw
aii a
ndm
uch
TV
, but
we
wan
t hin
t to'
hav
eM
aui C
ount
ies
scor
ed b
elow
aver
age
in 1
994
than
ear
lier.
time
to d
evel
op in
oth
er w
ays
also
.
We
have
deb
ated
whe
ther
soc
cer
is
impo
rtan
t on
its p
uny
or s
houl
d be
a
rew
ard
for
good
sch
ool p
erfo
rman
ce. I
t
was
n't a
pro
blem
with
Chr
is."
BR
AD
, FA
TB
ER
OE
'MO
PER
CE
NT
or
INT
ER
ME
DIA
TE
SC
1100
1.ST
inrv
rsS
coR
ING
Avr
iz.\(
ir o
RE
R O
N S
AT
M A
T I
Is
1990
1992
1994
96 C
hine
1992
-94
Stat
e75
.073
.874
.40.
70
Hon
olul
u74
.774
.175
.51.
82
Haw
aii
78.7
78.3
7S.0
-4.2
6
Kau
a`i*
75.0
72.7
77.3
6.42
Mau
i74
.270
.867
.8-4
.24
incl
udes
som
e te
nth.
gra
de s
tude
nts
Rec
ent
Tre
nd 0
ry
OT
IIER
EdU
CA
TIO
NA
E M
EA
SU
RE
SIN
.S
EC
ON
EIA
Ry
SA
O
Whi
le a
cade
mic
mea
sure
s pr
ovid
e in
dica
tions
of th
e de
velo
ping
abi
litie
s of
teen
ager
s, o
ther
mea
sure
s te
ll ab
out t
he r
eadi
ness
to le
arn
and
abou
t sel
f-di
scip
line.
LoW
atte
ndan
ce
is o
ften
rel
ated
to la
ck o
f sa
fety
in s
choo
l.
Acc
ess
to n
utri
tiona
l sup
port
is a
n in
di-
catio
n of
eco
nom
ic s
ecur
ity. T
rend
s in
disc
iplin
ary
refe
rral
s m
ay r
efle
ct
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
"Som
e of
my
teac
hers
rea
lly
stre
ss a
ttend
ance
. One
sai
d
that
we
need
to le
arn
that
it is
chan
ges
in b
ehav
ior
or m
ay r
efle
ctim
port
ant t
o be
on
the
job'
effo
rts
at s
ocia
l con
trol
.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Incr
easi
ng p
erce
ntag
es o
f st
uden
ts
need
ing
free
or
redu
ced
pric
e
lunc
hes
.ref
lect
s th
e ec
onom
icT
his
is th
e se
cond
hig
h sc
hool
I'v
e
cond
ition
s of
the
stat
e, w
hich
been
in...
disc
iplin
e is
dif
fere
nt. I
may
als
o af
fect
the
decl
inin
gm
ean
in o
ne s
choo
l a k
id w
ill g
et s
us-
perc
enta
ge o
f se
nior
s th
at g
etpe
nded
for
som
ethi
ng, i
n an
othe
r
a di
plom
a at
the
end
of th
esc
hool
it's
no
big
deal
. Whe
n its
a li
ttle
acad
emic
yea
r. I
t is
enco
ur-
tight
, whe
n th
ey s
tick
with
the
rule
s w
e
agin
g to
not
e th
e im
prov
e-al
l com
plai
n, b
ut a
t lea
st y
ou k
now
wha
t
men
ts in
atte
ndan
ce a
ndto
exp
ect.
Oen
its
too
stri
ct k
ids
get h
ard
in d
isci
plin
e.pu
nish
men
t jif
f th
ings
that
they
cou
ldn'
t'
help
, whi
ch d
oesn
't se
em f
air
I do
wan
t
scho
ol to
be
safe
r -
I re
ally
hat
e go
ing
to th
e
bath
room
in c
ase
ther
e's
som
eone
ther
e I
don'
t
wan
t to
see.
And
it s
ets
real
tire
som
e ge
tting
your
stu
ff r
ippe
d of
f. I
.mea
n, y
ou g
otta
be
ther
e
so y
ou s
houl
dn't
get p
enal
ized
by
that
, too
!"
and
scho
ol is
our
job
righ
t now
In s
ome
clas
ses,
just
sho
thin
g up
and
doin
g a
little
wor
k- c
an g
et
you
a go
od g
rade
.'..
86ag
:=2-
4704
,1,
Rf1
1:11
1E,
I Oru
GR
AI1
1:
Ave
rage
Dai
ly A
ttend
ance
1990
19§4
Perc
erit
Cha
nge
1990
-94
Stat
e90
.891
.40.
66%
Cou
nty:
,
0`ah
u91
.191
.4.3
3%
Haw
ai`i
88.4
88.5
.11°
A
Kab
a`i
91.0
89.8
-1.3
2%
Mau
i88
.492
.74.
86%
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Perc
ent o
f Se
nior
s E
arni
ng a
Dip
lom
a (c
ours
ere
quiie
men
ts m
et, p
lus
pass
ing
Haw
ai`i
Sta
teT
est o
f E
ssen
tial C
ompe
tenc
ies)
Stat
e
Cou
nty:
1990
92.1
1994
90.8
Perc
ent C
hang
e19
90-9
4
-1.4
1
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
O'a
hu91
.590
.7-.
87
Haw
aii
93.2
91.9
-1.3
9
Kau
a'i
93.8
91.9
-2.0
3O
Mau
i93
.489
.1-4
.60
1996
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
YE
AR
S
Perc
ent o
f St
uden
ts S
uspe
nded
for
Cla
ss A
.D
isci
plin
ary
Off
ense
s (e
.g.,
burg
lary
, rob
bery
,sa
le o
f da
nger
ous
drug
s)
Stat
e
Cou
nty:
1990
2.5
1993
1.9
Perc
ent C
hang
e
?4.0
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Hon
olul
u 2.
11.
99.
50
Haw
ai`i
2.2
1.9
13.6
Kau
ai4.
61.
176
.1
Mau
i3.
62.
238
.9
Perc
ent R
ecei
ving
Fre
e/R
educ
ed P
rice
Lun
ch
1990
1993
Perc
ent C
hang
e19
90-9
4R
ecen
tT
rend
Stat
e16
.719
.919
.2
Cou
nty:
Hon
olul
u11
.517
.047
.80
Haw
ai`i
36.2
34.6
-4.4
0K
aua'
i12
.511
.3-9
.6
Mau
i17
.416
.7-1
1.5
0
87
The
'on-
time'
gra
duat
ion
'rate
, cal
cula
ted
by d
ivid
ing
the
num
-
ber
of g
radu
ates
in a
ny y
ear
by th
e nu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
s en
ter-
ing,
nint
h gr
ade
four
yea
rs e
arlie
r, is
not
an
idea
l ind
icat
or o
f
educ
atio
nal a
ttain
men
t. It
can
be
affe
cted
by
mig
ratio
n
ther
e is
no
assu
ranc
e th
at th
e po
tent
ial g
radu
atin
g cl
ass
is
muc
h lik
e th
e cl
ass
that
ent
ered
nin
th g
rade
. How
ever
, it
is a
vaila
ble
annu
ally
and
dat
a ar
e av
aila
ble
by c
ount
y,
so it
is p
roba
bly
help
ful a
s tr
end
anal
ysis
.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A: /
The
on-
time
grad
uatio
n ra
te f
or th
e st
ate
was
slig
htly
low
er in
199
4 th
an in
199
0, a
lthou
gh
1993
had
bee
n sl
ight
ly h
ighe
r. O
nly
Hon
olul
u
Cou
nty
show
ed im
prov
emen
t, al
thou
gh th
is
may
be
a re
flec
tion
ofst
uden
ts m
ovin
g to
0`ah
u fr
om th
e ne
ighb
or is
land
s. T
hat w
ould
affe
ct r
ates
in b
oth
plac
es. T
he b
igge
st
chan
ge w
as in
Mau
i, w
here
ther
e w
as a
'19%
dec
reas
e in
on-
time
grad
uatio
ns.
88
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
'For
so
long
, gra
dua-
tion
had
been
my
goal
. I
knew
it w
as e
ssen
tial t
o
getti
ng a
job,
to s
uppo
rtin
g
my
fam
ily. T
he k
inds
o/ j
obs
I rea
lly w
ant r
equi
re m
ore,
thou
gh. N
ow I'
m g
oing
to th
e
com
mun
ity c
olle
ge w
hile
I do
SC
IIZ w
ork.
The
pay
is h
msy
but
the
hour
s ar
e re
gula
r en
ough
that
I
can
be s
ure
to fi
nish
the
sem
este
r
Edu
catio
n do
esn'
t see
m to
gua
mnt
ee
you
a jo
b, b
ut th
e la
ck o
f ed
ucat
ion
can
mea
n th
at y
ou d
on't
wor
k at
all
RA
Y, M
il: 1
8
Scho
oli.
Cau
daw
ricm
PER
CE
NT
OF
ON
-TIM
E H
IGH
SC
HO
OL
GR
AD
UA
TE
S
1985
1990
Ann
ual R
ite o
f C
hang
e19
85-1
990.
1994
-A
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
1990
-199
4
Stat
e85
.079
.6-1
.31
79.0
-0.2
1
Hon
olul
u82
.877
.5-1
.31
77.8
0..1
0H
awai
`i93
.485
.7-1
.72
83.6
-0.6
2K
aua`
i95
.296
.30.
2293
.2-0
.82
M.a
ui92
.081
.4-2
.45
74.5
-2.2
0
TR
EN
D I
N O
N-T
IME
GR
AD
UA
TIO
N B
Y S
CH
OO
L T
YPE
0.0
5.0
0.0
5.0 0
Li P
ublic
Priv
ate
1980
1990
1994
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE89
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
The
hig
her
tale
of o
n-
lime
grad
uatio
n fo
r pr
i-
vate
sch
ools
will
not
be
surp
risin
g to
man
y, b
ut
the
grow
ing
gap
betw
een
the
rate
fir
priv
ate
scho
ols
and
publ
ic
scho
ols
istr
oubl
ing.
Old
er te
enag
ers
are
in tr
ansi
tion
to a
dulth
ood.
The
y ar
e ex
pect
ed to
take
on
new
res
pons
ibili
ties
and
mor
e ad
ult r
oles
. An
exam
inat
ion
of th
epe
r-
cent
age
of o
lder
teen
s w
ho a
re n
ot a
ttend
ing
scho
ol o
r w
orki
ng in
dica
tes
wha
t pro
port
ion
of th
e yo
uth
popu
latio
n is
not
taki
ng o
n
expe
cted
rol
es. T
he a
ltern
ativ
e m
easu
re; p
er-
cent
not
in s
choo
l and
not i
n th
e la
bor
forc
e,S
TO
RY
TO
LD B
Yw
as u
sed
in th
e 19
95 H
a W
ail K
ids
Cou
ntE
XP
ER
IEN
CE
:
Dat
aboo
k. T
hose
not
wor
king
but
look
ing.
'The
y w
ant t
he p
rivi
-fo
r w
ork
or te
mpo
rari
ly o
ut o
f w
ork
are
lege
s of
adu
lts, b
ut n
otco
nsid
ered
to b
e "i
n th
e la
bor
forc
e".
.
the
resp
onsi
bilit
ies.
Aly
Thi
s is
less
aff
ecte
d by
you
th u
nem
ploy
-so
n se
ems
to f
ind
it ne
ces-
men
t. H
owev
er, m
ore
rece
nt d
ata
are
.sar
y to
con
stan
tly te
ll. m
e
not a
vaila
ble.
I'm w
rong
, reg
ardl
ess
of
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
re h
as b
een
little
clia
nge
in th
e
1990
s in
the
prop
ortio
n of
you
th
who
are
idle
as
defi
ned
here
.
How
ever
, thi
s 'is
an
area
whe
re th
e
yout
h of
Haw
aii r
ank
poor
ly w
hen
com
pare
d to
you
th in
oth
er
stat
es. I
n 19
93, t
hat r
ank
was
.26
th, a
ccor
ding
to th
e na
tiona
l
Kid
s C
ount
rep
ort.
actu
al f
lies.
The
wor
d 'w
ork'
is n
ot in
his
voc
abul
ary.
but
'buy
me'
is!"
CA
RO
L, M
OT
HE
R O
F 8
-YE
AR
-OLD
'"I
'd li
ke. t
o fi
nd a
job
.that
is
inte
rest
ing,
but
mos
t of
my
frie
nds
are
eith
er s
lavi
ng a
t
fast
foo
d pl
ace
or g
oing
to c
olle
ge.
I do
n't k
noll,
for
sur
e w
hat I
unt
to d
o, s
o co
llege
mig
ht ju
st b
e a
was
te o
f tim
e. /
need
to r
elax
aft
eral
l
the
pres
sure
of
high
sch
ool a
nd tr
y to
deci
de w
hat w
ill b
e be
st f
orme."
TA
NY
A, A
GE
18
lidiE
TE
EN
S
PER
cEN
T16
-T
o 19
-YE
AR
-OL
Ds
NoT
IN
Sch
ool.,
NoT
WO
RK
ING 19
85
Stat
e'
11
Min
na!
Rite
of
Cha
nge
Ann
ual R
ate
Of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
1990
1985
-499
0'19
9319
90-1
993
.'T
rend
10-1
.91
10'
0.00
sam
e
PER
GE
NT
16-
To
19-Y
EA
R-O
ros
Nor
1\ S
choo
l,,N
OT
IN
LA
BO
R F
OR
CE
-A
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9219
90-1
992
Stat
e4.
65.
00.
835.
21.
96
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u4.
8
Haw
aii
6.3
Kau
al5.
7
Mau
i6.
4
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
.R
ecen
tT
rend 0. n
.a.
n.a.
n.a.
91
JUV
EN
ILE
. VIO
LEN
TC
RIM
E A
RR
ES
T R
AT
E(p
er 1
00,0
00 y
outh
s ag
e10
-17)
JAJV
IER
AE
AR
RE
ST
S F
OR
VIO
LEN
T C
RiN
ES
The
re a
re o
ther
indi
cato
rs th
at m
ight
sho
w m
orea
bout
actu
al te
en d
efin
quen
t,or
crim
inal
act
ivity
. How
ever
, the
defi
nitio
ns a
nd e
nfor
cem
ent a
re m
ore
unif
orm
whe
n
seri
ous
type
of
crim
e is
invo
lved
so
that
rat
es m
ay b
e
com
pare
d am
ong
the
stat
es. '
Vio
lent
cri
me'
is d
efin
ed
here
as
hom
icid
e, f
orci
ble
rape
, rob
bers
and
agg
ra-
vate
d as
saul
t.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
rat
e of
arr
ests
of
juve
nile
s fo
r vi
olen
t cri
mes
has
decr
ease
d in
Kau
ai a
nd M
aui C
ount
ies,
but
not e
lsew
here
in th
e st
ate.
The
hig
her
rate
s in
O'a
hu a
nd H
awai
i cau
se th
e st
ate
rate
to r
efle
ct,
an in
crea
se. A
lthou
gh it
is a
sta
ndar
d m
easu
re
and-
com
para
ble
to r
ates
in o
ther
sta
tes,
the
rate
is a
rtif
icia
lly lo
w b
ecau
se it
is 'p
er
100,
000
teen
s' w
hich
incl
udes
fem
ales
with
a ve
ry lo
w r
ate.
92
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
"Crim
e is
eas
y w
hen
you'
ve g
ot n
othi
ng to
lose
. At l
east
I ha
ve
som
e m
oney
and
som
e
guys
to b
ang
arou
nd
with
...w
e do
n't b
othe
r
anyo
ne a
roun
d he
re. t
ine
been
in tr
oubl
e at
sch
ool
and
with
the
cops
= n
ow I
feel
like
they
're ju
st w
atch
-
ing
me
to s
ee w
hat l
du
Wro
ng, n
ext."
AN
ON
YN
IOU
S Y
OU
TH
, AG
I: 15
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
Stat
e
1980
218
1990
242
1980
-199
0'
1.06
,
CO
UN
TY
:
Hon
olul
u23
224
90.
70
Haw
aii
167
205
2.07
Kau
ai'1
8824
3 .
.
Mau
i:1
6022
9'3
.59
Fem
ale
381
482.
33
Mal
e38
642
30.
93
1994
1990
-199
4T
rend
258
1.55
;,li
taiti
ME
SIM
EM
292
2.40
182
1.69
110
-15.
64
133
-7.7
4
584.
45
462
2.17
ET
HN
ICIT
Y: (
perc
ent o
f you
thar
rest
sor
utol
e:vt
4112
1,4)
,MO
NO
MM
IIM
Cau
casi
an
Japa
nese
Haw
aiia
n
Filip
ino
Chi
nese
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
'
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an
Oth
er
1980
1990
.19
94 .
% o
f yo
uth
popu
latio
n
8.5
14.1
12.3
30.2
3.3
3.5
3.4-
15.8
46.7
32.2
31.6
-18
.4
7.7
23.3
10.7
17.5
0.4
1.1
1.S
.3.
8
'12.
913
.816
.03.
5
0.4
1.1
6.4'
2.9
19.9
9.9
' 7.9
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE93
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Ear
ly u
se o
f ci
gare
ttes
appe
ars
to in
flue
nce
freq
uenc
y as
wel
las
dura
tion
of u
se o
f to
bacc
o an
d in
crea
ses
the
pote
ntia
l for
long
-
term
hea
lth c
onse
quen
ces.
The
dir
ect e
ffec
ts o
f to
bacc
o us
e
on th
e he
alth
of
youn
g pe
ople
hav
e be
en g
reat
ly
unde
rest
imat
ed. N
icot
ine
depe
nden
cy th
roug
h ci
gare
tte
smok
ing
is n
ot o
nly
the
mos
t com
mon
for
m o
f dr
ug
addi
ctio
n, b
ut th
e on
e th
at c
ause
s m
ore
deat
h an
d di
seas
e
than
all
othe
r ty
pes
of a
ddic
tions
com
bine
d.
Cig
aret
te s
mok
ing
is n
eith
er n
eces
sary
nor
suf
fici
ent
for
othe
r fo
rms
of d
rug
abus
e or
dep
ende
nce.
How
ever
,
seve
ral s
tudi
es h
ave
iden
tifie
d ci
gare
tte s
mok
ing.
as a
risk
fac
tor
in th
e de
l)el
opm
ent o
f al
coho
l use
and
illeg
al d
rug
use.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
Nat
iona
lly, s
mok
ing
rate
s of
teen
ager
s ha
ve r
ecen
tly
incr
ease
d, a
fter
nea
rly
a de
cade
of
rem
aini
ng
cons
tant
, des
pite
the
accu
mul
atin
g ev
iden
ce o
f
smok
ing'
s le
thal
eff
ects
. The
incr
ease
s ar
e am
ong
boys
and
gir
ls o
f al
l soc
io-
econ
omic
leve
ls, a
mon
g
thos
e pl
anni
ng to
atte
nd c
olle
ge a
s w
ell a
s th
ose
who
will
not
, in
all r
egio
ns o
f th
e co
untr
y, a
nd in
both
urb
an.a
nd r
ural
set
tings
. The
rat
es h
ave
rece
ntly
incr
ease
d in
Haw
aii a
s w
ell.
Ado
lesc
ent g
irls
are
at g
reat
er r
isk
of s
mok
ing
than
boy
s.
94
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
kXP
ER
IEN
CE
:
"Lot
s of
no,
frie
nds
smok
ed s
o I s
tart
ed,
too.
It m
akes
me
fret
mor
e so
phis
ticat
ed
and.
calm
s m
e do
wn
whe
n I'm
upt
ight
. Afte
r
a de
mon
stra
tMn
at
scho
ol o
f sm
okin
g's
effe
ct
on lu
ngs,
I so
rt o
f trie
d to
quit,
but
not
for
long
."
jEN
NIF
EK
, AG
E17
SU
BS
TA
NC
E U
SE
IIIG
II S
CI1
001,
ST
1 D
EV
I'SW
ilo S
mol
a R
EG
uLA
RLy
1991
'Ann
ual R
ate
of. C
han
e19
9P-9
4.R
ecen
tT
rend
Fem
ale
24.3
Mal
e I
22.3
AG
E A
T W
HIC
HA
bUL
TSM
OK
ER
S B
EG
AN
SM
OK
ING
RE
GU
AR
LY
Mau
'i
Kau
a'i
Haw
aii
O'a
hu
20 &
old
er
0.10
%20
%80
%40
%50
%B
O%
70%
BO
% 95
90%
100%
Whi
le b
eing
bor
n to
a te
en m
othe
r pl
aces
a b
aby
at r
isk
of s
ome
heal
th a
nd d
evel
opm
enta
l pro
blem
s, th
ere
is
also
an
effe
ct o
n th
e te
en w
oman
who
bec
omes
pre
g-
nant
. She
fac
es c
hoic
es th
at w
ill r
emai
n w
ith h
er th
e
rest
of
her
life.
Wha
teve
r he
r de
cisi
on, s
tudi
es h
ave
show
n th
at s
he is
at h
eigh
tene
d ri
sk o
f sc
hool
fai
l-
ure
and
delin
quen
cy w
hich
cou
ld p
lace
lim
itatio
ns
on h
er li
fe o
ppor
tuni
ties.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
rat
e of
teen
pre
gnan
cy h
as f
alle
n sl
owly
but s
tead
ily f
or f
emal
es 1
5-19
sin
ce 1
990.
Thi
s is
pri
mar
ily d
ue to
dec
lines
at t
he o
lder
STO
RY
TO
LD
LiT
EX
PER
IEN
CE
:
ages
, with
the
rate
stil
l ris
ing
shar
ply
amon
gT
he s
econ
d tim
e I g
otEtE
RIA
qEPR
EgR
IAN
C7
16-y
ear-
olds
. The
cou
ntie
s of
Hon
olul
u
and
Kau
ai h
ave
show
n de
clin
es, w
hile
Haw
aii C
oUnt
y ha
s ex
peri
ence
d a
sub-
stan
tial i
ncre
ase.
96
preg
nant
I re
sist
ed a
ll th
e
pres
surd
s fr
om m
y fo
lks
and
from
Dar
rell
to h
ave
an
abor
tion.
I'm
not
sur
e ye
t if
that
ivas
the
right
thin
g to
do.
I'm th
inki
ng th
at I
coul
d le
t it
be a
dopt
edbu
t tha
t wou
ld b
e
real
ly h
ard
to. d
o. I'
ll pr
obab
ly
have
to q
uit s
choo
l 'ca
use
I don
't
thin
k aq
yone
will
hel
p m
e m
uch.
"
CE
CIL
IA, A
GI.
17
TE
EN
PR
EG
NA
NC
Y R
AT
E(p
er 1
,000
wom
en a
ge 1
5-19
)
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e.1
980.
1990
.19
80-1
990
87.5
92.6
0.57
State
1994
91.0
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
994
-0.44
Honolulu
79.5
75.1
-0.56
73.S
-0.54
Hawai`i
131.8'
157.0
1.75
179.3
.3.32
Kaua`i
91.9
104.9
1.32
99.8
-1.25
Maui
'84.6
113.3
2.92
117.6
0.92
AG
E-S
PEC
IFIC
PR
EG
NA
NC
Y R
AT
ES:
:
15.
22.1
29.9
3.02
29.9
0.02
16
42.0
47.7
1.28'
60.8
6.05
17.
.76.9
87.4
1.28
87.3
-0.03
18
128.1
129.2
0.09
130.5
0.24
19
158.1
161.9
0.24
138.0
-4.00
TEENAGE, PREGNANCY RATES BY COUNTY
BE
ST C
OPY
MO
RE
97
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
same
60
Diff
iden
t tre
nds
are
obse
rved
in e
ach
cort
illr
preg
nanc
y ra
tes
helv
e
incr
ease
d dr
amat
ical
ly
on Il
awai
'i, in
crea
sed
som
ewha
t on
Kau
di a
nd
slig
htly
mor
e on
Mau
i,
but d
eclin
ed o
n °W
hit.
Aio
usE
Aod
Nzc
oiE
ci (
AcI
E22
ihno
ugh
77)
Res
earc
h sh
ows
a st
rong
cor
rela
tion
betw
een
a hi
sto-
ry o
f ab
use
and
a va
riet
y of
pro
blem
beh
avio
rs th
at
exte
nd in
to a
dulth
ood,
incl
udin
g su
bsta
nce
abus
e,
crim
inal
act
iviti
es, a
nd p
oor
soci
al a
djus
tmen
t.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
rat
e of
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct o
f ad
oles
cent
s an
d
yout
hs h
as d
eclin
ed s
ince
199
0. T
he d
ecre
ase
has
been
- m
ore
subs
tant
ial f
or th
is a
ge g
roup
than
for
the
very
you
ng.
NO
TE
: The
rat
e sh
own
this
yea
r is
per
1,0
00
kids
whi
le la
st y
ear
the
rate
was
per
100,
000
kids
. The
re h
ave
been
som
e
amen
dmen
ts in
num
bers
as
info
rmat
ion
from
the
Ann
ual S
tatis
tical
Rep
ort o
f th
e
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Ser
vice
sw
as
used
. In
1995
, dat
a w
ere
from
a s
pe-
cial
tabl
uatio
n of
that
dep
artm
ent.
t98
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
"I h
ad a
won
derf
ul, s
wee
t,
lovi
ng m
othe
r w
ho w
as
trap
ped
in th
e m
arria
ge a
nd
felt
like
ther
e w
as n
o w
ay o
ut.
I don
't lik
e to
det
ail e
xact
ly
wha
t Hap
pene
d to
me.
It's
ver
y
pain
ful a
nd i
feel
like
the
scar
s
and
the
brok
en b
ones
and
the
pain
are
tim
er g
oing
to g
o aw
ay.:"
RO
SE
MA
RIE
, AG
E 1
3
RA
TE
OF
CH
ILD
AB
USE
AN
D N
EG
LE
CT
AG
Es
12-1
7(p
er 1
00,0
00 c
hild
ren
of th
is a
ge)
'Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9419
90-1
994
Stat
e'3
.77.
77.
156.
4-4
.29
INC
IDE
NT
: OF
MA
LT
RE
AT
ME
NT
IN
HA
WA
I`I
BY
TY
PE, 1
994
Abu
se =
45%
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Abu
se a
nd N
egle
ct =
18%
Neg
lect
= 2
4%
Sexu
al A
buse
= 1
3%
BE
ST C
OPY
AM
AM
I99
UE
EN
Vio
iEN
T
Dea
ths
of te
enag
ers
by s
uici
de, b
y ho
mic
ide,
or
by a
ccid
ent
are
pote
ntia
lly p
reve
ntab
le a
nd, a
s su
ch, r
epre
sent
ser
ious
faili
ngs
in s
ocie
ty. I
llnes
s is
the
caus
e of
few
er th
an h
alf
of
teen
dea
ths.
Vio
lent
dea
ths
are
a m
easu
re o
f th
e ab
ility
of
teen
ager
s to
mak
e sa
fe a
nd h
ealth
y ch
oice
s re
gard
ing
thei
r liv
es.
ST
OR
Y T
OLD
BY
TH
E D
AT
A:
The
rat
e of
teen
vio
lent
dea
ths
cont
inue
d to
dec
reas
e in
.H
awai
i and
in a
ll co
untie
s ex
cept
Kau
al. T
he r
ate
for
fem
ales
dec
lined
muc
h m
ore
than
for
mal
es. I
n 19
94,
ther
e w
ere
no d
eath
s du
e to
hom
icid
e in
Haw
aii
Cou
nty
or in
Kau
ai, n
o su
icid
es in
Kau
ai, a
nd n
o
deat
hs f
rom
inju
ry in
Mau
i. N
ativ
e H
awai
ian,
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
, and
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an y
outh
s ar
eS
TO
RY
TO
LD B
Y
over
-rep
rese
nted
(fo
r H
awai
ians
, 40%
of
the
EX
PE
RIE
NC
E:
deat
hTbu
t onl
y '1
8% o
f th
e te
en p
opul
atio
n; f
or"i
t is
so h
ard,
so
hard
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
s an
d A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
s, e
ach
to g
o O
n ev
ery
day
-
has
7% o
f th
e de
aths
but
onl
y 4%
of
the
teen
popu
latio
n). C
auca
sian
teen
s ar
e th
e m
ost
unde
r-re
pres
ente
d w
ith 1
7% o
f th
e de
aths
and
30%
of
the
popu
latio
n.
100
even
doi
ng, t
he s
impl
e
thin
gs. M
y be
st f
rien
d
Was
kill
ed in
rr
traf
fic
acci
dent
last
yea
r It
um
-
n't h
is f
ault
or n
othi
n'.
was
sup
pose
d to
be
with
him
, but
dad
mad
e m
e
wor
k at
hom
e. W
hat d
oes
Suic
ide=
25%
that
mew
s?"
EA
1115
kqE
5 1J
5 ir
taf
Euc
oth
91)
TE
EN
VIO
LE
NT
DE
AT
HS
(hom
icid
es, s
uici
des,
and
acc
iden
ts /n
r ,1
;;es
15 -
19)
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
.
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9419
90-1
994
Tre
nd.
Stat
e..
C0 1J N T
:
Hon
olul
u54
.0
Haw
aii
i37
.1
Kau
a`i
67.5
Mau
i60
.1
'53.
252
.4
Fem
ale
Mal
e
43.6
77.0
30.3
109.
1
23.3
72.5
-0.4
2
-2.1
47.
30-8
.00
5.97
138.
4
35.4
59.6
56.6
28.9 8.0
66.9
-6.7
7
-5.2
0-6
.42
15.4
7-3
3.18
-26.
83-2
.01
NO
TE
: The
num
ber
of te
en v
iole
nt d
eath
s is
sm
all s
oth
at g
reat
var
iabi
lity
is e
xpec
ted
over
tim
e. F
or e
xam
ple,
the
num
ber
of d
eath
s in
Kau
a'i w
as.1
in 1
990
and
in 1
994,
but
this
res
ults
in a
larg
ech
ange
in th
e ra
tes.
CA
USE
S O
F T
EE
N D
EA
TH
S IN
199
4, A
GE
15-1
9
All
Oth
er C
ause
s =
42%
Acc
iden
ts =
29%
MIC
HA
EL
, AC
E17
BE
ST C
OPY
WH
AM
101
Homicide.4%
WhA
T C
AN
BE
DO
NE
Now
that
we
can
see
fact
s ab
out t
he w
ell-
bein
g of
chi
ldre
n in
Haw
aii,
wha
tca
n w
e do
to m
ake
mor
e of
the
tren
ds e
arn
'hap
py f
aces
'? W
heth
er o
ne s
tart
s fr
oma
spec
ific
desi
red
outc
ome
(sch
ool r
eadi
ness
, hig
h sc
hool
com
plet
ion,
res
pons
ible
soc
ial
beha
vior
s, e
tc.)
or
look
s at
them
as
over
all w
ell-
bein
g,a
com
mon
list
of
esse
ntia
l
unde
rlyi
ng c
ondi
tions
em
erge
s. C
harl
es B
rune
r, in
. Rea
lizin
ga
Vis
ion
for
Chi
ldre
n, F
amili
es, a
nd N
eigh
borh
oods
: An
Alte
rnat
ive
to O
ther
Mod
est
Prop
osal
s, s
umm
ariz
es f
indi
ngs
of s
tudi
es o
f ri
sk, p
rote
ctiv
e fa
ctor
s, a
nd r
esili
ency
. in
child
ren
as f
ollo
ws:
CO
ND
ITIO
NS
NE
ED
ED
FO
R C
HIL
DR
EN
TO
SU
CC
EE
DA
T H
IGH
LE
VE
LS
Safe
ty a
nd S
ecur
ity
econ
omic
and
phy
sica
l sec
urity
, with
in th
e ho
me
and
neig
hbor
hood
envi
ronm
enta
l and
pub
lic s
afet
y
Soci
al S
uppo
rt a
nd R
esili
ency
a nu
rtur
ing,
sta
ble
fam
ily e
nvir
onm
ent
adul
t men
tors
and
rol
e m
odel
s in
the
com
mun
ity
oppo
rtun
ities
to e
xert
eff
ort a
nd a
chie
ve s
ucce
ss
Prof
essi
ohal
Ser
vice
s an
d Su
ppor
ts
heal
th c
are
for
med
ical
nee
ds
dece
nt s
choo
ls a
nd s
choo
ling
acce
ss to
pro
fess
iona
l ser
vice
s to
trea
t any
con
ditio
ns o
r ne
eds
that
may
aris
e an
d re
quir
e pr
ofes
sion
al c
are
102
The
abs
ence
of
thes
e co
nditi
ons
puts
chi
ldre
n at
gre
ater
ris
k, w
ith a
com
poun
ding
of
risk
as
few
er o
f th
ese
prot
ectio
ns a
nd s
uppo
rts
are
in p
lace
. Mor
e im
port
antly
, it i
s
the
exis
tenc
e of
pos
itive
con
ditio
ns th
at is
nee
ded,
not
just
the
abse
nce
of n
egat
ive
cond
ition
s (a
buse
, neg
lect
, dan
ger)
.
The
pas
t yea
r ha
s se
en g
reat
deb
ate
with
the
issu
e of
'who
's r
espO
nsib
le?'
Wha
t is
the
role
of
gove
rnm
ent?
of
chur
ches
? of
indi
vidu
als?
of
corp
orat
ions
? M
ost p
ublic
fund
ing
for
child
ren
and
fam
ilies
add
ress
es o
nly
the
botto
m s
et o
f co
nditi
ons o
n th
is
list,
ofte
n as
rea
ctiv
e pr
ofes
sion
al s
ervi
ce. M
ost p
ublic
'and
pri
vate
dev
elop
men
t eff
orts
are
desi
gned
, at '
best
, to
prod
uce
bette
r ho
usin
g or
cre
ate
new
jobs
and
not
to c
reat
e
resi
dent
ial s
tabi
lity
or w
orkf
orce
rea
dine
ss. M
any
of th
ese
prot
ectiv
e co
nditi
ons
invo
lve
the
pres
ence
of
netw
orks
of
supp
ort.w
ithin
the
com
mun
ity. T
his
play
s to
the
stre
ngth
s of
indi
vidu
als
and
faith
com
mun
ities
.
To
reco
gniz
e th
at a
ll ha
ve a
rol
e an
d re
spon
sibi
lity
in im
prov
ing
the
lives
and
wel
l-
bein
g of
chi
ldre
n m
ay n
ot b
e en
ough
. A s
hare
d vi
sion
of
how
thes
e ef
fort
sca
n be
inte
rtw
ined
to f
orm
the
new
'saf
ety
net'
for
kids
mus
t be
deve
lope
d. C
onsi
der
wha
t
you
can
do a
s an
indi
vidu
al, a
s pa
rt o
f yo
ur jo
b or
pro
fess
ion,
as
a -m
embe
r of
the
com
mun
ity to
enh
ance
thes
e co
nditi
ons
for
succ
ess
of o
ur c
hild
ren
and
yout
h. .103
TR
EN
dS IN
BA
SIC
INC
IICA
TO
RS
: HA
WA
I4i A
Nd
US
1(1d
.
Perc
ent c
hild
ren
in p
over
ty
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
HI
16.8
16.3
'15.
716
.317
.216
.717
.4-
16.2
17.4
17.0
*
US
20.8
20.5
20.0
19.6
19.5
'19.
820
.020
.621
.0
Nat
e: th
is u
ses
Haw
ai`i
pove
rty
leve
l as
115%
of n
atio
nal l
evel
for
Haw
ai`i
data
, nat
iona
l lev
el fo
r U
Sda
ta (
due
to c
ost o
f liv
ing
diffe
renc
es).
"19
94 is
est
imat
e of
the
115%
leve
l
Perc
ent o
f fa
mili
es w
ith c
hild
ren
head
ed b
y a
sing
le p
aren
t
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
.
HI
21.5
21.0
20.2
20.6
20.7
20.7
20.9
22.0
US
21.6
,22
.022
.322
.823
.424
.224
.725
.326
.0
Perc
ent l
ow-b
irth
-wei
ght b
abie
s (w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
pou
nds)
1985
1986
.19
8719
8819
8919
9019
9119
9219
9319
94
HI
6.5
6.9
7.0
6.9
7.1
7.1.
6.8
7.2
6.9
6.5
US
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.2
Infa
nt'M
orta
lity
Rat
e (p
er 1
,000
live
bir
ths)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
HI
8.8
9.3
'8.
97.
28.
36.
77.
46.
37.
26.
4
US-
10.6
10.4
10.1
10.0
9.8
9.2
8.9
8.5
8.4
BE
ST C
OPY
MA
KA
BL
E
Chi
ld D
eath
Rat
e (a
ges
t -14
, per
100
,000
chi
ldre
n)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
HI
26.0
27.9
27.5
22.3
29.5
26.1
22.6
25.2
20.0
21.2
US
33.8
33.7
33.3
33.2
32.4
30.5
30.7
28.8
30.0
405
"1
(10
Num
ber
of b
irth
s to
teen
s (p
er 1
,000
fem
ales
age
s 15
-17)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
HI
2322
2424
2832
3531
30
US
3131
3234
3637
.39
3838
Tee
n vi
olen
t dea
th r
ate
(age
s 15
-19,
per
100
,000
teen
s)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
HI
45.6
38.0
.49.
456
.445
.551
.031
.5
US
62.8
68.5
66.5
69.7
69.3
70.9
71.1
Juve
nile
vio
lent
cri
me
arre
st r
ate
(per
100
,000
you
ths)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
HI
189
208
214
223
220
223
248
US
305
310
319
347
385
429
457
Perc
ent o
f te
ens
who
are
hig
h sc
hool
dro
pout
s (a
ges
16-1
9)
1985
1986
1987
1988
.19
8919
9019
91
1992
1993
40.8
35.6
66.6
69.0
,
1992
1993
241
223
483
506
1992
1993
HI
4.8
4.8
5.5
7.0
7.1
6.8
5.6
6.3
5.0
US
10.5
10.4
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.3
9.9
9.3
9.0
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AiL
AB
LE
Perc
ent o
f te
ens
not a
ttend
ing
scho
ol a
nd n
ot w
orki
ng
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
HI
11.1
9.7
9.1
9.2
9.2
10.1
US
11.0
10.5
10.1
9.8
9.7
10.0
1QQ
A H
awai
'i K
irk C
nunt
Rat
a R
rsnk
1991
10.3
10.1
1992
1993
11.6
10.0
9.9
10.0
1994
1994
38.9
1994
258
1994
1994 10
ME
ThO
dOlO
gy A
Nd
SO
UR
CE
S
All
rate
s an
d pe
rcen
ts o
f ch
ild p
opul
atio
n ar
e ba
sed
on p
opul
atio
nnu
mbe
rs f
rom
the
1980
and
1990
cen
sus
and
offi
cial
est
imat
es o
f th
e 19
94 p
opul
atio
n as
prov
ided
by
the
Haw
aii D
epar
tmen
t of
Bus
ines
s, E
cono
mic
Dev
elop
men
t & T
ouri
sm o
r fr
om o
ffic
ial U
SB
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus
publ
icat
ions
.
Chi
ld p
opul
atio
n es
timat
es f
or c
ount
ies
and
ethn
ic c
lass
ific
atio
ns w
ere
mad
e by
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt
for
the
purp
ose
of c
alcu
latin
g ra
tes
at th
ose
leve
ls a
s th
e of
fici
al c
ensu
ses
timat
es a
re s
tate
wid
e by
gend
er a
nd s
ingl
e ye
ar o
f ag
e;
FAM
ILY
. CO
MPO
SIT
ION
AN
D R
ESO
UR
CE
S
Perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n in
pov
erty
: the
per
cent
age
of r
elat
edch
ildre
n un
der
age
18 w
ho li
ve in
fam
ilies
with
inco
mes
bel
ow th
e U
.S. p
over
ty th
resh
old,
as
defi
ned
by th
e U
S O
ffic
e of
Man
agem
ent a
nd B
udge
t. So
urce
: cen
sus
data
and
info
rmat
ion
from
the
Cur
rent
Pop
ulat
ion
Surv
ey, M
arch
Sup
plem
ent.
Perc
ent i
n si
ngle
-par
ent f
amili
es: t
he p
erce
ntag
e of
all
child
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
who
live
in f
amili
es
head
ed b
y a
pers
on w
ithou
t a:s
pous
e pr
esen
t in
the
hom
e. S
ourc
e: c
ensu
sda
ta a
nd s
peci
al
tabu
latio
ns o
f in
form
atio
n fr
om th
e C
urre
nt P
opul
atio
nSt
irve
Y, B
urea
u of
Lab
or S
tati4
ics.
Tee
n bi
rth
rate
: the
num
ber
of b
irth
s to
teen
s pe
r 1,
000
fem
ales
age
s 15
=19
.So
urce
: cen
sus
data
and
info
rmat
ion
from
the
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus-
Mon
itori
ng,D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth.
Perc
ent o
f bu
dget
exp
ende
d fo
r ho
usin
g: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
cons
umer
units
spe
nt o
n ho
usin
g
cost
. Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent o
f B
usin
ess,
Eco
nom
icD
evel
opm
ent a
nd T
ouri
sm.
Perc
ent w
ith h
ealth
insu
ranc
e: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of,
child
ren
unde
r ag
e18
who
are
cov
ered
by
priv
ate
or p
ublic
hea
lth in
sura
nce,
incl
udin
g Q
uest
and
Med
icai
d. S
ourc
e: C
urre
nt P
opul
atio
n
Surv
ey, M
arch
Sup
plem
ent.
INFA
NC
Y A
ND
EA
RL
Y C
HIL
DH
OO
D
(rou
ghly
0-5
yea
rs)
Perc
ent.b
avin
g ea
rly
pren
atal
car
e: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
live
birt
hs in
whi
ch th
e m
othe
r ha
d
pren
atal
car
e in
the
firs
t tri
mes
ter
of th
e pr
egna
ncy.
Sou
rce:
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng,
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
.
Perc
ent l
ow-b
irth
-wei
ght b
abie
s: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of li
ve b
irth
s w
eigh
ing
unde
r 2,
500
gram
s
(5.5
pou
nds)
. Sou
rce:
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng,D
epar
tnie
nt o
f H
ealth
.
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
: the
num
ber
of d
eath
s oc
curr
ing
toin
fant
s un
der
one
year
of
age
per
1,00
0 liv
e bi
rths
. Sou
rce:
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng,D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth.
Perc
ent f
ully
imm
uniz
ed b
y ag
e 2:
the
perc
enta
geof
chi
ldre
n re
ceiv
ing
the
com
plet
e se
ries
of
vacc
ines
pro
tect
ing
them
aga
inst
chi
ldho
od d
isea
ses
(DT
P/D
T, P
olio
, Mea
sles
, Rub
ella
, and
Mum
ps)
with
in th
eir
firs
t tw
o ye
ars
of li
fe. S
ourc
e: R
etro
spec
tive
Kin
derg
arte
n Su
rvey
, Haw
aii
Imm
uniz
aion
Pro
gram
, Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
Perc
ent i
dent
ifie
d at
dev
elop
men
tal r
isk:
the
perc
enta
geof
chi
ldre
n bi
rth
to a
ge 3
who
haw
been
iden
tifie
d as
hav
ing
deve
lopm
enta
l del
ays
orbi
olog
ical
ris
k fa
ctor
s an
d/or
env
iron
men
ta
risk
fac
tors
whi
ch p
lace
them
at r
isk
of h
avin
g de
lays
inde
velo
pmen
t. So
urce
: Zer
o-T
o-T
hret
Haw
ai`i
Pro
ject
.'
Perc
ent o
f po
vert
y fo
ur-y
ear-
olds
enr
olle
d in
subs
idiz
ed p
re-s
choo
l: th
e nu
mbe
r of
pov
erty
rela
ted
four
-yea
r-ol
ds e
nrol
led
in H
ead
Star
t, O
pen
Doo
rs,a
nd th
e K
ameh
ameh
a C
ente
r-B
ase(
Pres
choo
ls d
ivid
ed b
y th
e ch
ild p
over
ty r
ate
times
the
num
ber
of f
our-
year
-old
s. S
ourc
e: H
eat
Star
t, th
e G
over
nor's
Off
ice
of C
hild
ren
and
You
th,a
nd K
ameh
ameh
a Sc
hool
s.
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
: num
ber
of c
hild
ren
invo
lved
inco
nfir
med
rep
orts
of
child
abu
se a
nd/o
negl
ect p
er 1
,000
chi
ldre
n ag
e 0-
5. S
ourc
e: D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
anSe
rvic
es.
1
EL
EM
EN
TA
RY
SC
HO
OL
YE
AR
S
(rou
ghly
age
s 6-
11)
Chi
ld d
eath
rat
e: th
e nu
mbe
r of
dea
ths
from
all
caus
es to
chi
ldre
n be
twee
n ag
es 1
and
14
per
100,
000
child
ren
in th
is a
ge r
ange
. Sou
rce:
dea
th d
ata
from
Offi
ce o
f Hea
lth S
tatu
s M
onito
ring,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth.
Per
cent
of c
hild
ren
with
wor
k fo
rce
pare
nts
who
are
enr
olle
d in
sup
ervi
sed
prog
rak
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
enro
lled
in th
e A
+ p
rogr
am d
ivid
ed b
y th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n ag
e 6-
11 w
ith b
oth
or o
nly
pare
nt e
mpl
oyed
. Sou
rce:
A+
enr
ollm
ent f
rom
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n; n
umbe
r of
child
ren
with
bot
h or
onl
y pa
rent
em
ploy
ed fr
oM c
ensu
s da
ta%
Per
cent
of t
hird
gra
ders
sco
ring
abov
e av
erag
e (s
tani
nes
7-9)
and
ave
rage
(S
tani
nes
4-6)
on
the
Sta
nfor
d A
Chi
evem
ent T
est (
SA
T)
mat
hem
atic
s po
rtio
n. S
ourc
e: S
choo
l Sta
tus'
and
Impr
ovem
ent R
epor
ts, D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion.
Per
cent
chi
ldre
n w
ith s
peci
al n
eeds
enr
olle
d in
app
ropr
iate
pro
gram
:. th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n
in p
ublic
ele
men
tary
sch
ools
enr
olle
d in
spe
cial
edu
Cat
ion
clas
ses
divi
ded
by th
e nu
mbe
r of
child
ren
in th
ese
publ
ic s
choo
l gra
des.
. Sou
rce:
Sch
ool S
tatu
s an
d Im
prov
emen
t Rep
orts
,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n.
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
: num
ber
of c
hild
ren
invo
lved
in c
onfir
med
rep
orts
of c
hild
abu
se a
nd/o
r
negl
ect p
er 1
,000
chi
ldre
n ag
e 6-
11. S
ourc
e: D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Ser
vice
s.
YO
UT
H(r
ough
ly ,1
2-1
8)
Rat
e of
teen
vio
lent
dea
ths:
the
num
ber
of d
eath
s fr
om h
omic
ide,
sui
cide
, and
acc
iden
ts to
teen
s
betw
een
ages
15
and
19, p
er 1
00,0
00 te
ens
in th
is a
ge g
roup
. Sou
rce:
dea
th d
ata
from
Offi
ce o
f
Hea
lth S
tatu
s M
onito
ring,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth.
,
... Per
cent
of e
ight
s gr
ader
s sc
orin
g ab
ove
aver
age
(sta
nine
s 7-
9) a
nd a
vera
ge (
stan
ines
4-6
) on
the-
Sta
nfor
d A
chie
vem
ent T
est (
SA
T)
mat
hem
atic
s po
rtio
n. S
ourc
e: S
choo
l Sta
tus
and
Impr
ovem
ent R
epor
ts, D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion.
110
Per
cent
gra
duat
ing
from
hig
h sc
hool
on
time:
the
num
ber
of h
igh
scho
ol g
radu
ates
in a
ny o
ne
year
div
ided
by
the
nint
h gr
ade
enro
llmen
t fou
r ye
ars
earli
er. t
nclu
des
publ
ic a
nd p
rivat
e
scho
ols.
Sou
rce.
: Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n.
Tea
ts n
ot in
sch
ool,
not i
n w
orki
ng: t
he p
erce
ntag
e of
teen
ager
s be
twee
n ag
es 1
6 an
d 19
who
are
not e
nrol
led
in s
choo
l (fu
ll or
par
t-tim
e) a
nd n
ot e
mpl
oyed
(fu
ll or
par
t-lim
e). S
ourc
e:
Cen
sus
data
for
1980
and
199
0; s
peci
al ta
bula
tions
of C
urre
nt P
opul
atio
n S
urve
y m
icro
data
prep
ared
by
the
Bur
eau
of L
abor
Sta
tistic
s.
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
: num
ber
of y
outh
s (a
ge 1
2-17
) in
volv
ed in
con
firm
ed r
epor
ts o
f chi
ld a
buse
and/
or n
egle
ct p
er 1
,000
you
ths
in th
is a
ge g
roup
. Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
Sub
stan
ce u
se la
te: t
he p
erce
ntag
e of
tent
h gr
ader
s w
ho r
epor
t the
y re
gula
rly s
mok
e
ciga
rette
s. S
ourc
e: b
ienn
ial s
tudy
by
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth a
nd D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion.
Tee
n pr
egna
ncy
rate
: the
num
bero
f birt
hs, a
bort
ions
, and
feta
l dea
ths
to w
omen
und
er th
e ag
e of
20 p
er 1
,000
wom
en o
f thi
s ag
e. S
ourc
e: O
ffice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itorin
g, D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
.
Juve
nile
vio
lent
crim
e ar
rest
rat
e: th
e nu
mbe
r of
arr
ests
of y
outh
s un
der
age
18 fo
r vi
olen
t
offe
nses
(ho
mic
ide,
forc
ible
rap
e, r
obbe
ry, o
r ag
grav
ated
ass
ault)
per
100
,000
you
ths
betw
een
ages
10
and
17: S
ourc
e: C
rime
Pre
vent
ion
Div
isio
nDep
artm
ent o
f the
Atto
rney
Gen
eral
.
1996
Haw
ai'i
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
111
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