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FD 035 180
AUTHORTTTLE
TNSTTTUTTONPUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM
EDPS PRICEDESCPIPTORS
IDENTTPTERS
ABSTRACT
DOCUMENT RESUME
EF 001 471
Eenet, James; And OthersSCSD: The Project and the Schools. A Report fromEducational Facilities Laboratories.Educational Facilities Labs., Inc., New York, N.Y.may 67qOp.Educational Facilities Laboratories, 477 MadisonAvenue, New York, New York 10022
EDRS Price IF-T0.50 HC-54.60Building Equipment, Building Plans, *Component9uildinq Systems, Construction (Process),Construction Costs, Coordination, EducationalEquipment, Educational Facilities, EnvironmentalCriteria, Facility Expansion, Facility Requirements,Flexible Classrooms, *Flexible Facilities, HighSchool Design, *Modular Building Design,*Performance Criteria, *School Design, SpaceUtilizationEducational Facilities Laboratories, SchoolConstruction Systems Development
SCSD, a structurally coordinated school buildingcomponents system, is a highly automated method of building newschools that creatively meet the needs of the ever changingeducational environment through functional and flexible planning.Examples of why SCSD high schools are efficient, flexible, andspatially planned, are cited. Environmental requirements are givenfor--(1) heating/ventilation, (2) air conditioning, (3)lighting/ceiling, (4) storage and equipment, and (5) partitions.Photographs and diagrams demonstrate the interaction of the subsystemcomponents. The evaluation concludes that society needs both higherauality and larger quantities of school buildings to meet the complexlearning facility requirements of the present and future. (TG)
ED 035 180
AUTHORTTTLE
TNSTTTUTTONPUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS
IDENTIPTERS
ABSTRACT
DOCUMENT RESUME
EF 001 471
Benet, James; And OthersSCSD: The Project and the Schools. A Report from'Educational Facilities Laboratories.Educational Facilities Labs., Inc., New York, N.Y.May 67qOD.
Educational Facilities Laboratories, 477 MadisonAvenue, New York, New York 10022
FOPS Price MP-ct0.50 HC-5z4.60Building Equipment, Building Plans, *ComponentBuilding Systems, Construction (Process),Construction Costs, Coordination, EducationalEquipment, Educational Facilities, EnvironmentalCriteria, Facility Expansion, Facility Requirements,Flexible Classrooms, *Flexible Facilities, HighSchool Design, *Modular Building Design,*performance Criteria, *School Design, SpaceUtilizationEducational Facilities Laboratories, SchoolConstruction Systems Development
SCSD, a structurally coordinated school buildingcomponents system, is a highly automated method of building newschools that creatively meet the needs of the ever changingeducational environment through functional and flexible planning.Examples of why SCSD high schools are efficient, flexible, andspatially planned, are cited. Environmental requirements are givenfor -- (1) heating/ventilation, (2) air conditioning, (3)lighting/ceiling, (4) storage and equipment, and (5) partitions.Photographs and diagrams demonstrate the interaction of the subsystemcomponents. The evaluation concludes that society needs both higherquality and larger quantities of school buildings to meet the complexlearning facility requirements of the present and future. (TG)
SC
SD
: the
Pro
ject
and
the
Sch
ools
a re
port
from
Edu
catio
nal F
acili
ties
Labo
rato
ries
U.S
. DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
Of H
EA
LTH
. ED
UC
AT
ION
& W
ELF
AR
E
OffI
CE
Of E
DU
CA
TIO
N
TH
IS D
OC
UM
EN
T H
IS B
EE
N R
EP
RO
DU
CE
D E
XA
CT
LY IS
RE
CE
IVE
D F
RO
M T
Itt
PE
RS
ON
OR
016
1111
/111
011
0M61
1111
116
IT.
PO
INT
S O
f VIE
W O
R O
PIN
ION
S
ST
AT
ED
DO
NO
T N
EC
ES
SA
RIL
Y R
EP
RE
SE
NT
OF
FIC
IAL
OF
FIC
E O
f ED
UC
AT
ION
PO
SIT
ION
01
PR
ICY
.1
Edu
catio
nal F
acili
ties
Labo
rato
ries
Boa
rd o
f Dire
ctor
sM
ilton
C. M
umfo
rd, C
hairm
anC
hairm
an o
f the
Boa
rd, L
ever
Bro
ther
s C
ompa
nyA
lvin
C. E
uric
h, V
ice
Cha
irman
Pre
side
nt A
spen
Inst
itute
for
Hum
anis
tic S
tudi
esC
lay
P. B
edfo
rdP
resi
dent
, Kai
ser
Aer
ospa
ce &
Ele
ctro
nics
Jam
es C
. Dow
ns, J
r.C
hairm
an o
f the
Boa
rd, R
eal E
stat
e R
esea
rch
Cor
pora
tion
Hen
ry D
reyf
uss
Hen
ry D
reyf
uss
& A
ssoc
iate
sM
orris
Dua
neA
ttorn
ey, D
uane
, Mor
ris a
nd H
ecks
cher
Har
old
B. G
bres
Pre
side
nt, E
duca
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s La
bora
torie
sF
rede
rick
L. H
ovde
Pre
side
nt, P
urdu
e U
nive
rsity
J. E
. Jon
sson
Hon
orar
y C
hairm
an o
f the
Boa
rd, T
exas
Inst
rum
ents
, Inc
.
Phi
lip M
. Klu
tzni
ckK
lutz
nick
Ent
erpr
ises
J. L
. Mor
rill
Con
sulta
nt, T
he F
ord
Fou
ndat
ion
Win
thro
p R
ocke
felle
rG
over
nor,
Sta
te o
f Ark
ansa
s
Ben
jam
in C
. Will
isE
duca
tiona
l Con
sulta
nt (
form
erly
Gen
eral
Sup
erin
tend
ent
of S
choo
ls, C
hica
go, I
llino
is,
Offi
cers
Har
old
B. G
ores
, Pre
side
ntJo
nath
an K
ing,
Vic
e P
resi
dent
and
Tre
asur
erA
lan
C. G
reen
, Sec
reta
ry
Sta
ffH
ugh
Bec
kwith
, Con
sulta
ntLi
llian
But
ler,
Pub
licat
ions
Ass
ocia
teR
ober
t M. D
illon
, AIA
, Con
sulta
ntM
arga
ret F
arm
er, E
dito
rial A
ssoc
iate
Jam
es J
. Mor
isse
au, E
dito
rial A
ssoc
iate
Clif
ford
Wal
sh, A
ssis
tant
Tre
asur
erR
uth
Wei
nsto
ck, R
esea
rch
Ass
ocia
te
Edu
catio
nal F
acili
ties
Labo
rato
ries,
Inc.
is a
non
prof
itco
rpor
atio
n es
tabl
ishe
d by
the
For
d F
ound
atio
n to
hel
psc
hool
s an
d co
llege
s in
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
and
Can
ada
with
thei
r ph
ysic
al p
robl
ems
by th
e en
cour
agem
ent o
fre
sear
ch a
nd e
xper
imen
tatio
n an
d th
e di
ssem
inat
ion
ofkn
owle
dge
rega
rdin
g ed
ucat
iona
l fac
ilitie
s.
ift111.41116
5101100,w
omou.0.10,
4Er
++
+
10018021806
...,0*0K0-0°°*
4
it
Con
tent
s
PA
RT
Intr
oduc
tion
9T
he F
irst S
CS
D S
choo
l11
How
the
Pro
ject
Gre
w 1
6S
CS
D S
choo
ls23
The
Com
pone
nts
26T
he F
utur
e31
PA
RT
Edu
catio
nal R
equi
rem
ents
35
SC
SD
Sys
tem
Per
form
ance
Spe
cific
atio
ns40
SC
SD
Com
pone
nts
59C
ompo
nent
s In
Use
75P
hoto
Cre
dits
92
SC
SD
: the
Pro
ject
and
the
Sch
ools
Aci
lmew
lodg
emen
ts
Tex
t: T
he fi
rst s
ectio
n of
this
rep
ort w
as w
ritte
n by
Jam
es B
enet
. The
text
for
the
subs
eque
nt s
ectio
ns w
asw
ritte
n by
Chr
isto
pher
Arn
old,
Jon
atha
n K
ing,
and
Jam
es R
ober
tson
. Cop
y ed
iting
by
Gai
la C
ough
lin.
0196
7 by
Edu
catio
nal F
acili
ties
Labo
rato
ries,
Inc.
Libr
ary
of C
ongr
ess
Cat
alog
ue #
67-1
9968
Firs
t Prin
ting:
May
196
7S
econ
d P
rintin
g: S
epte
mbe
r 19
67
Add
ition
al c
opie
s ar
e av
aila
ble
from
the
offic
es o
fE
duca
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s La
bora
torie
s47
7 M
adis
on A
venu
eN
ew Y
ork,
New
Yor
k 10
022
'PE
RM
ISS
ION
TO
RE
PR
OD
UC
E T
HIS
CO
MM
IS M
AT
ER
IAL
HA
S K
EN
GR
AN
D
By
Ooc
ett:
F T
es
Lat
maL
__T
O E
RIC
AN
D 0
16A
OP
ER
AT
ING
UN
DE
R A
GR
EE
ME
NT
S W
ITH
TH
E U
.S. O
FF
ICE
OF
ED
UC
AT
ION
. FU
RT
HE
R R
EP
RO
DU
CT
ION
OU
TS
IDE
TH
E E
RIC
SY
ST
EM
RE
QU
IRE
S P
ER
MIS
SIO
N O
F
TH
E C
OP
YR
IGH
Tm
u'
Sch
ool C
onst
ruct
ion
Sys
tem
s D
evel
opm
ent
SC
SD
Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
:F
rank
Fis
calin
iS
uper
inte
nden
t, E
ast S
ide
Uni
on H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
ict,
San
Jos
e, C
Plif
orni
aC
harle
s G
ibso
nC
hief
, Bur
eau
of S
choo
l Pla
nnin
gC
alifo
rnia
Sta
te D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
Jona
than
Kin
gS
ecre
tary
and
Tre
asur
erE
duca
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s La
bora
torie
sC
. The
odor
e La
rson
AIA
Pro
fess
or o
f Arc
hite
ctur
eU
nive
rsity
of M
ichi
gan
Jam
es D
. Lau
rits'
Ass
ista
nt S
uper
inte
nden
tN
ewto
n, M
assa
chus
etts
Cha
rles
Law
renc
e A
lAA
rchi
tect
; Cau
dill,
Row
lett
& S
cott
Hou
ston
, Tex
asJa
mes
D. M
ac C
onne
llD
irect
or, S
choo
l Pla
nnin
g La
bora
tory
Sch
ool o
f Edu
catio
n, S
tanf
ord
Uni
vers
ityW
alte
r A
. Net
sch,
Jr.
MA
Arc
hite
ct; S
kidm
ore,
Ow
ings
& M
erril
lC
hica
go, I
llino
isJo
hn L
yon
Rei
d F
AIA
Arc
hite
ct; R
eid
& T
aric
sS
an F
ranc
isco
, Cal
iforn
iaC
yril
G. S
arge
ntP
rofe
ssor
of E
duca
tion
Col
lege
of t
he C
ity o
f New
Yor
kfo
rmer
ly P
roje
ct C
oord
inat
or S
CS
D s
taff
Con
sulta
nt to
Pro
ject
:P
aul H
oyan
gaS
uper
viso
r, L
ocal
Allo
catio
n D
ivis
ion,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Fin
ance
Sta
te o
f Cal
iforn
ia, S
acra
men
to
SC
SD
Pro
fess
iona
l Sta
ff:
Jam
es D
. Lau
rits,
Initi
al P
roje
ct C
oord
inat
orJo
hn R
. Boi
ce, P
roje
ct C
oord
inat
orE
zra
D. E
hren
kran
tz, P
roje
ct A
rchi
tect
Chr
isto
pher
W. A
mot
d, A
rchi
tect
Vis
sche
r B
oyd,
Arc
hite
ctV
erno
n C
. Bry
ant,
Jr, A
rchi
tect
Will
iam
Cad
man
, Arc
hite
ctB
ertE
. Ray
, Arc
hite
ctP
eter
Kas
tl, A
rchi
tect
ural
Ass
ista
ntC
harle
s M
. Her
d, S
truc
tura
l Eng
inee
r
Firs
t Cal
iforn
ia C
omm
issi
onon
Sch
ool C
onst
ruct
ion
Sys
tem
s
Fer
d J.
Kie
sel,
Pre
side
ntS
uper
inte
nden
t, S
an J
uan
Uni
fied
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Ern
est G
. Lak
e, S
ecre
tary
'S
uper
inte
nden
t, F
ulle
rton
Uni
on H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Fra
nk F
isca
lini,
Tre
asur
erS
uper
inte
nden
t, E
ast S
ide
Uni
on H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Max
L F
orne
y, S
ecre
tary
Sup
erin
tend
ent,
Hun
tingt
on B
each
Uni
on H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Gle
n A
. Wils
onS
uper
inte
nden
t, La
Pue
nte
Uni
on H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Dav
id P
aynt
erS
uper
inte
nden
t, S
imi V
alle
y U
nifie
d S
choo
l Dis
tric
tR
esig
ned
Oct
ober
196
6
Sch
eel D
istr
icts
Par
ticip
atin
g in
Pro
ject
AB
C U
nifie
d S
choo
l Dis
tric
tM
urre
ll M
. Mill
er, S
uper
inte
nden
tar
chite
cts:
Kis
tner
, Wrig
ht &
Wrig
htE
ast S
ide
Uni
on H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Fra
nk F
isca
lini,
Sup
erin
tend
ent
arch
itect
s: A
llan
M. W
alte
r &
Ass
ocia
tes
Ful
lert
on U
nion
Hig
h S
choo
l Dis
tric
tLe
onar
d L
Mur
dy, S
uper
inte
nden
tar
chite
cts:
Wm
. E. B
luro
ck &
Ass
ocia
tes
Gle
ndor
a U
nifie
d S
choo
l Dis
tric
tD
r. J
. M. S
leza
k, S
uper
inte
nden
tar
chite
cts:
Gog
erty
, Mes
ton,
Wilc
ox &
Ass
ocia
tes
Hun
tingt
on B
each
Uni
on H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Dr.
Max
L F
orne
y, S
uper
inte
nden
tar
chite
cts:
Nep
tune
& T
hom
asLa
Pue
nte
Uni
on H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Dr.
Gle
n A
. Wils
on, S
uper
inte
nden
tar
chite
cts:
Kis
tner
, Wrig
ht &
Wrig
htP
lace
ntia
Uni
fied
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
C. G
. Rid
dleb
arge
r, S
uper
inte
nden
tar
chite
cts:
Wm
. E. B
luro
ck &
Ass
ocia
tes
Sac
ram
ento
City
Uni
fied
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Mel
vyn
F. L
awso
n, S
uper
inte
nden
tar
chite
cts:
Sta
fford
& P
ecki
npau
ghS
an D
iegu
ito U
nion
Hig
h S
choo
l Dis
tric
tE
. J. A
nder
son,
Sup
erin
tend
ent
arch
itect
s: J
ung
& C
loye
sS
an J
uan
Uni
fied
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Fer
d J.
Kie
sel,
Sup
erin
tend
ent
arch
itect
: Nic
hola
s A
. Tom
ich
San
ta C
ruz
Ele
men
tary
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Den
zil M
orris
sey,
Sup
erin
tend
ent
arch
itect
s: L
eefe
& E
hren
kran
tzS
anta
Cru
z C
ity H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Den
zil M
orris
sey,
Sup
erin
tend
ent
arch
itect
s: P
orte
r, J
ense
n &
Ass
ocia
tes
Sim
i Val
ley
Uni
fied
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Dr.
Dav
id P
aynt
er, S
uper
inte
nden
tar
chite
cts:
Dan
iel,
Man
n, J
ohns
on &
Men
denh
all
r
/r4
Z1.
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f O
iv 1*
-
s
_r$'S
Intr
oduc
tion
The
Sch
ool C
onst
ruct
ion
Syst
ems
Dev
elop
men
tpr
ojec
t (SC
SD)
is a
pra
ctic
al te
st o
fa
met
hod
ofbu
ildin
g be
tter
scho
ols
mor
e ra
pidl
y an
dec
onom
-ic
ally
. In
the
proj
ect a
gro
up o
f C
alif
orni
a sc
hool
dist
rict
s bu
ilt s
ix s
choo
ls a
nd h
ad f
ive
othe
rs in
cons
truc
tion
at th
e en
d of
196
6, w
ith tw
o ot
her
proj
ects
sch
edul
ed to
go
to b
id in
1967
. Alto
geth
erth
e 11
sch
ools
bui
lt or
und
er c
onst
ruct
ion
incl
ude
abou
t 1.4
mill
ion
squa
re f
eet o
fsp
ace
and
have
an e
stim
ated
cos
t of
abou
t $25
mill
ion.
The
men
mos
t hea
vily
bur
dene
d,:t
3pc-
n-
sibi
lity
for
thes
e sc
hool
s, th
e sc
hool
dis
:zic
t stir
inte
nden
ts, a
re e
nthu
sias
tic. "
The
mos
t cre
ativ
eap
proa
ch to
sch
ool b
uild
ing
in 1
00 y
ears
,"on
eha
s ca
lled
the
proj
ect.
"Whe
n w
e lo
ok b
ack
onth
e pr
oble
ms
we
had
to w
ork
out,"
sai
d an
othe
r,"w
e w
onde
r if
we
wou
ld h
ave
trie
d it
ifw
e ha
dkn
own
abou
t the
m. B
ut w
hen
we
look
at t
hepr
oduc
t, w
e kn
ow it
was
wor
th a
ll th
e tr
oubl
e."
A th
ird
says
, "W
e ar
e ge
tting
fle
xibi
lity
in th
ese
scho
ols
that
we
neve
r dr
eam
ed o
f."
Ano
ther
sup
erin
tend
ent p
roud
ly d
ecla
res
that
his
new
hig
h sc
hool
"w
ill b
e on
e of
the
mos
tfa
mou
s in
Am
eric
a, w
ith p
eopl
e co
min
g fr
om a
llov
er th
e co
untr
y to
see
it."
Wha
t is
this
pro
ject
that
has
cal
led
fort
h su
ch p
rais
e? B
asic
ally
it is
a m
eans
of
usin
g th
e ef
fici
ency
of
mod
ern
indu
s-tr
ial m
ass
prod
uctio
n to
con
stru
ct s
choo
ls, w
hile
still
avo
idin
g st
anda
rdiz
ed p
lans
or
mon
oton
ous
repe
titio
n of
eith
er r
oom
s or
gen
eral
app
eara
nce.
It is
als
o a
way
of
intr
oduc
ing
spec
ific
edu
catio
nal
requ
irem
ents
into
the
man
ufac
ture
r's p
art i
n th
ebu
ildin
g pr
oces
s at
an
earl
ier
stag
e th
an u
sual
.A
nd it
is a
mut
ually
cha
lleng
ing
rela
tions
hip
betw
een
scho
ol p
eopl
e an
d th
e bu
ildin
g in
dust
rypr
oduc
ing
new
cre
ativ
e th
inki
ng o
n bo
th s
ides
.
The
SC
SD s
taff
, as
tech
nica
l adv
isor
s to
13
scho
ol d
istr
icts
gro
uped
toge
ther
as th
e Fi
rst
Cal
ifor
nia
Com
mis
sion
on
Scho
ol C
onst
ruct
ion
Syst
ems,
ana
lyze
d th
e bu
ildin
g ne
eds
pose
d by
new
sec
onda
ry s
choo
l pro
gram
s. T
hey
then
ask
edm
anuf
actu
rers
to d
evel
op n
ew p
rodu
cts
to m
eet
a ne
w ty
pe o
f sp
ecif
icat
ion.
The
spe
cifi
catio
nsem
phas
ized
the
need
for
com
patib
ility
of
the
var-
ious
bui
ldin
g co
mpo
nent
sin
shor
t the
"sy
stem
s"ap
proa
ch. T
he m
anuf
actu
rers
bid
com
petit
ivel
yto
the
Com
mis
sion
for
mul
timill
ion-
dolla
rco
n-tr
acts
to s
uppl
y an
d in
stal
l the
ir p
rodu
cts.
The
indi
vidu
al s
choo
l dis
tric
ts e
mpl
oyed
thei
row
n ar
chite
cts
for
the
desi
gn o
f th
eir
scho
ols.
The
se a
rchi
tect
s us
ed th
e ne
w S
CSD
com
pone
nts,
whi
ch c
ompr
ise
abou
t hal
f th
e co
st o
f th
ese
scho
ols,
in m
uch
the
sam
em
anne
r as
they
use
stan
dard
bui
ldin
g co
mpo
nent
s. L
ocal
gen
eral
con-
trac
tors
bid
on
each
sch
ool,
with
the
com
pone
ntm
anuf
actu
rers
bec
omin
g th
eir
subc
ontr
acto
rs to
deliv
er a
nd in
stal
l the
SC
SI)
com
pone
nts.
As
had
been
pla
nned
, the
new
sch
ools
vary
exte
nsiv
ely
even
thou
gh a
ll ar
e bu
ilt w
ith id
en-
tical
sys
tem
s of
ste
el s
truc
tura
l com
pone
nts,
cei
l-in
g an
d lig
htin
g co
mpo
nent
s, a
ir-c
ondi
tioni
ngun
its, i
nter
ior
part
ition
s, c
abin
ets,
and
lock
ers.
The
arc
hite
ct is
not
lim
ited
in p
lan
layo
ut a
ndha
s a
num
ber
of c
hoic
es w
ithin
the
com
pone
ntra
nges
. Ext
erio
r w
alls
are
not
a p
art o
f th
e sy
s-te
m, a
nd m
ater
ials
are
sel
ecte
d fo
r th
em a
t the
disc
retio
n of
indi
vidu
al a
rchi
tect
s.A
lthou
gh th
e SC
SD c
ompo
nent
s w
ere
desi
gned
for
build
ings
of
one
and
two
stor
ies,
one
of th
ene
w s
cl:o
ols
is to
hav
e a
thre
e-st
ory
build
inga
two-
stor
y SC
SD s
teel
-fra
me
build
ing
atop
a re
in-
forc
ed c
oncr
ete
firs
t sto
ry. P
roje
ct s
izes
rang
e
from
less
than
30,
000
squa
re f
eet t
o m
ore
than
200,
000.
Ext
erio
rs in
clud
e br
ick,
pre
cast
con
cret
epa
nels
, pla
ster
, woo
d, c
oncr
ete
bloc
k, a
nd g
lass
.A
rchi
tect
s an
d en
gine
ers
are
accu
stom
ed to
pick
ing
man
y of
thei
r bu
ildin
g co
mpo
nent
s fr
omca
talo
gues
. Wha
t SC
SD h
as d
one
is to
giv
e th
ema
cata
logu
e of
new
, ing
enio
us, a
nd e
cono
mic
alco
mpo
nent
s, a
ll of
whi
ch a
re d
esig
ned
from
the
outs
et to
fit
toge
ther
. Som
e ha
ve f
elt c
hafe
d by
bein
g lim
ited
to th
e SC
SD c
atal
ogue
but
it is
doub
tful
that
SC
SD s
erio
usly
incr
ease
s th
ere
stri
ctio
ns o
n th
em. F
or in
all
build
ing,
and
espe
cial
ly in
bui
ldin
g sc
hool
s, th
ere
are
alre
ady
subs
tant
ial a
nd u
navo
idab
le r
estr
ictio
ns.
Firs
t of
all i
s th
e re
stri
ctio
n of
cos
t, an
d he
reSC
SD h
as in
crea
sed
the
arch
itect
's f
reed
omra
ther
than
lim
iting
it. T
o ta
ke o
ne e
xam
ple,
be-
fore
SC
SD n
o ar
chite
ct, e
ven
if h
e ha
d di
ligen
tlyse
arch
ed th
e gr
eat g
ener
al c
atal
ogue
of
build
ing
com
pone
nts
calle
d "S
wee
t's,"
cou
ld f
ind
dem
ount
-ab
le p
artit
ions
, tha
t a C
alif
orni
a sc
hool
cou
ldaf
ford
, with
the
qual
ity a
nd f
lexi
bilit
y pr
ovid
edby
the
SCSD
sys
tem
s. M
oreo
ver,
the
gene
ral s
av-
ings
of
usin
g th
e SC
SD s
yste
ms
quite
evi
dent
lyfr
ee a
n ar
chite
ct to
hav
e gr
eate
r ch
oice
of
the
othe
r el
emen
ts o
f hi
s pr
ojec
t.Fi
nally
, the
SC
SD s
yste
ms
wer
e ca
refu
lly s
pec-
ifie
d to
be
capa
ble
of m
eetin
g th
e ac
tual
nee
dsof
sch
ools
, so
that
thei
r lim
itatio
ns li
e ve
ry la
rgel
you
tsid
e th
e ed
ucat
iona
l req
uire
men
ts. T
hus,
an
arch
itect
will
fin
d th
at w
ith th
e SC
SD s
yste
ms
he c
anno
t bui
ld a
pitc
hed
roof
. But
this
is n
ot s
ig-
nifi
cant
for
sch
ool p
rogr
ams.
On
the
othe
r ha
ndSC
SD r
equi
rem
ents
cal
led
for
long
spa
ns a
nda
high
deg
ree
of f
lexi
bilit
y th
at a
re r
equi
red
byed
ucat
iona
l pro
gram
s.
Edu
cato
rs h
ave
wel
com
ed th
e pr
ojec
t bec
ause
it ha
s m
ade
a lo
ng s
trid
e to
war
d m
akin
g po
ssib
leth
e ne
w ty
pe o
f bu
ildin
g th
ey k
now
they
nee
d --
a ch
ange
able
bui
ldin
g fo
r to
day'
s ra
pidl
y ch
ang-
ing
educ
atio
n. T
he s
yste
ms
appr
oach
has
not
onl
ypr
ovid
ed f
or v
arie
ty in
ori
gina
l des
ign;
it h
asbr
ough
t the
cos
t of
mov
able
and
dem
ount
able
part
ition
s w
ithin
the
reac
h of
man
y di
stri
cts
that
coul
d no
t pre
viou
sly
affo
rd th
em, a
long
with
long
span
s of
col
umn-
free
inte
rior
spa
ce, a
nd r
ear-
rang
eabl
e ai
r co
nditi
onin
g."I
t will
allo
w m
e to
exp
erim
ent w
ith te
amte
achi
ng w
ithou
t bei
ng c
omm
itted
to it
for
40
year
s,"
said
one
edu
cato
r. A
noth
er c
omm
ente
dth
at h
is te
ache
rs c
an n
ow u
nder
take
to m
ix la
rge-
grou
p an
d sm
all-
grou
p in
stru
ctio
n ju
st a
s th
eych
oose
, and
to c
hang
e th
e m
ixtu
re f
rom
yea
r to
year
. "T
he p
ossi
bilit
y, f
or th
e fi
rst t
ime,
of
doin
gth
at is
lead
ing
us to
rec
onsi
der
our
who
le in
stru
c-tio
nal p
rogr
am,"
he
rem
arke
d. "
The
re a
re m
any
way
s to
enc
oura
ge te
ache
rs to
impr
ove
our
scho
ols,
and
this
is o
ne o
f th
em. A
bui
ldin
g op
ento
cha
nge
is o
peni
ng th
e ey
es o
f ou
r te
ache
rs."
Scho
ol tr
uste
es a
nd th
e vo
ters
who
put
them
into
off
ice
are
also
fin
ding
the
proj
ect a
ttrac
tive.
It s
eem
s to
man
y to
be
an a
ffir
mat
ive
answ
er to
the
cons
tant
app
eal f
or th
rift
in s
choo
l con
stru
c-tio
nso
met
imes
nai
vely
exp
ress
ed a
s a
desi
re f
orst
anda
rd p
lans
. Sch
ool t
rust
ees
wel
com
e th
e id
eaof
mas
s-pr
oduc
ed c
ompo
nent
s as
pro
of th
at th
eir
staf
f is
wor
king
for
max
imum
eco
nom
y, a
ndap
prov
e ex
pend
iture
s th
at th
ey f
orm
erly
blo
cked
."I
thin
k m
y bo
ard
mem
bers
hav
e sh
own
that
they
car
e w
hat h
appe
ns to
thei
r ta
xes,
" sa
id o
nesu
peri
nten
dent
. "T
hey
will
spe
nd th
e m
oney
whe
n th
ey a
re c
onvi
nced
that
they
are
get
ting
as
muc
h as
pos
sibl
e fo
r ev
ery
dolla
r. W
e w
ill n
otsp
end
less
on
our
scho
ol b
ecau
se o
f SC
SD, b
utw
e'll
get a
muc
h be
tter
scho
ol f
or th
e m
oney
.T
hat's
the
sort
of
thin
g th
at p
uts
over
bon
d is
sues
."
\r? II
4
'
-
1
.
,
't4', '14r ,'''',Xtr X ,ee "4"' 1
.4'
.n.nn.ne,Rnstridr.
1
r
4,
4.
to',
1*
.
tp
4
The
Firs
t SC
SD
Sch
ool
Firs
t of
the
proj
ect's
sch
ools
to g
o in
to a
ctua
lco
nstr
uctio
n w
as F
ount
ain
Val
ley
for
the
Hun
t-in
gton
Bea
ch U
nion
Hig
h Sc
hool
Dis
tric
t,a
3,00
0 -
stud
ent s
choo
l whi
ch o
pene
d in
the
fall
of 1
966.
Foun
tain
Val
ley
offe
rs, a
s it
happ
ens,
anun
usua
l opp
ortu
nity
to c
ompa
re a
n SC
SD s
choo
lw
ith o
ne o
f co
nven
tiona
l con
stru
ctio
n. O
nly
thre
eye
ars
earl
ier
the
sam
e ar
chite
cts,
Nep
tune
and
Tho
mas
of
Pasa
dena
, com
plet
ed a
noth
erse
con-
dary
sch
ool o
f th
e sa
me
size
and
alm
ost i
dent
ical
plan
for
the
sam
e fa
st-g
row
ing
Los
Ang
eles
sub
-ur
b. I
t is
calle
d M
arin
a H
igh
Scho
ol.
The
gen
eral
pla
n, o
f on
e-st
ory
build
ings
grou
ped
arou
nd a
larg
e ce
ntra
l cou
rt w
hich
con-
tain
s an
out
door
am
phith
eate
r, w
as o
bvio
usly
not
at a
ll in
flue
nced
by
SCSD
con
stru
ctio
n m
etho
ds,
sinc
e it
was
fir
st d
evel
oped
for
the
earl
ier
scho
ol.
But
the
diff
eren
ces
in e
xecu
tion
som
e in
here
ntin
SC
SD a
nd s
ome
not i
nher
ent a
re s
uffi
cien
tlyno
tew
orth
y fo
r di
scus
sion
in s
ome
deta
il.Fi
rst o
f al
l, Fo
unta
in V
alle
y ha
s th
e bu
ilt-i
nfl
exib
ility
that
the
SCSD
sys
tem
s pr
ovid
e. M
ost
inte
rior
par
titio
ns a
re d
emou
ntab
le, s
o th
at c
lass
-ro
om s
izes
and
arr
ange
men
ts c
an b
e in
expe
nsiv
ely
alte
red,
and
the
light
ing
and
air-
cond
ition
ing
sys-
tem
s ca
n he
rea
dily
rea
rran
ged
to c
onfo
rm. C
abi-
nets
are
als
o ea
sily
rea
rran
ged,
and
thei
r sh
elve
s,dr
awer
s, a
nd d
oors
are
inte
rcha
ngea
ble.
Ope
rabl
e pa
rtiti
ons,
of
whi
ch S
CSD
off
ers
both
fold
ing-
pane
l and
acc
ordi
on ty
pes,
are
als
ode
mou
ntab
le. F
ount
ain
Val
ley
mak
es a
n un
usua
lus
e of
the
pane
l typ
e in
a g
roup
of
four
dra
ma
clas
sroo
ms,
eac
h of
whi
ch h
as o
ne c
orne
ron
ahy
drau
lic li
ft, w
hich
ele
vate
s a
stag
e 10
fee
tsq
uare
. By
fold
ing
wal
ls b
ack,
teac
hers
can
com
-bi
ne th
ese
room
s in
to a
sin
gle
one
with
a ce
ntra
l
13
stag
e 20
fee
t squ
are,
or
mak
e ot
her
com
bina
tions
,si
nce
each
lift
and
eac
h pa
rtiti
on is
inde
pend
ent.
Thi
s is
not
pro
vide
d fo
r in
the
earl
ier
high
sch
ool.
As
anot
her
SCSD
fea
ture
, the
air
-con
ditio
ning
syst
em in
clud
es a
fiv
e-ye
ar m
aint
enan
ce c
ontr
act
valu
ed a
t abo
ut $
52,0
00. G
ener
ally
, mai
nten
ance
of S
CSD
com
pone
nts
is e
xpec
ted
to b
e lo
wer
inco
st th
an f
or c
onve
ntio
nal s
choo
ls.
Foun
tain
Val
ley
has
bric
k ex
teri
or w
alls
, bot
hm
ore
hand
som
e th
e sc
hool
is a
not
ably
goo
d-lo
okin
g on
e ov
er-a
lland
with
bet
ter
mai
nten
ance
char
acte
rist
ics
than
Mar
ina'
s til
t-sl
ab c
oncr
ete
wal
ls. D
urab
ility
is a
n im
port
ant r
equi
rem
ent f
orH
untin
gton
Bea
ch s
choo
ls, s
ince
they
are
near
the
ocea
n an
d th
ey m
ust w
ithst
and
the
corr
osiv
eef
fect
s of
sal
t air
.L
ight
ing
leve
ls h
ave
been
incr
ease
d co
nsid
erab
lyth
roug
hout
the
scho
ol. O
ther
impr
ovem
ents
in-
clud
e tin
ting
the
conc
rete
of
the
cent
ral c
ourt
yard
to r
educ
e gl
are,
a s
nack
bar
terr
ace
seat
ing
800
to 1
,000
stu
dent
s, a
pav
ed a
nd f
ence
d se
rvic
e ya
rd,
incr
ease
in s
ize
of o
ne o
f th
e tw
o sw
imm
ing
pool
san
d th
e au
dito
rium
sta
ge, s
epar
ate
build
ings
for
stud
ent l
ocke
rs a
way
fro
m th
e cl
assr
oom
s, a
ddi-
tiona
l ele
ctri
cal o
utle
ts in
eve
ry c
lass
room
, and
light
ing
for
four
tenn
is a
nd f
our
bask
etba
ll co
urts
.N
ever
thel
ess
Foun
tain
Val
ley
is b
eing
bui
lton
ly s
light
ly m
ore
expe
nsiv
ely
than
Mar
ina,
whi
ch h
as th
e tr
aditi
onal
fix
ed in
teri
or p
artit
ions
,an
d av
erag
e sp
ans
of o
nly
30 f
eet c
ompa
red
with
Foun
tain
Val
ley'
s av
erag
e sp
an o
f 70
fee
t.M
arin
a's
cost
was
6 p
er c
ent u
nder
the
max
imum
perm
itted
by
the
Cal
ifor
nia
stat
e au
thor
ities
for
a sc
hool
bui
lt w
ith s
tate
aid
, and
Fou
ntai
n V
al-
ley'
s is
2.3
per
cen
t und
er th
e m
axim
um.
The
Hun
tingt
on B
each
dis
tric
t doe
s no
t, in
%.40111"
'as*
Lrae1'
11.,
1
)
S.
I
-
How
the
Pro
ject
Gre
w
Alth
ough
SC
SD w
as e
stab
lishe
d la
te in
196
1, it
sbe
ginn
ings
go
back
to 1
954
whe
n ar
chite
ct E
zra
Ehr
enkr
antz
wen
t to
Eng
land
as
a Fu
lbri
ght
Fello
w to
wor
k at
the
Bui
ldin
g R
esea
rch
Stat
ion
in H
ertf
ords
hire
Cou
nty.
The
re a
sys
tem
of
pre-
fabr
icat
ed b
uild
ing
com
pone
nts
had
been
dev
el-
oped
by
the
Her
tfor
dshi
re C
ount
y Sc
hool
s as
earl
y as
194
6 an
d w
as in
suc
cess
ful u
se to
mee
tE
ngla
nd's
trem
endo
us p
ostw
ar n
eed
for
new
scho
ols.
Whi
le E
nglis
h co
nditi
ons
diff
er f
rom
thos
e in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, E
hren
kran
tz th
ough
tth
at th
e ap
proa
ch h
ad g
reat
pos
sibi
litie
s fo
r U
ni-
ted
Stat
es s
choo
ls, t
oo.
Aft
er h
is r
etur
n to
Am
eric
a, h
e co
mm
unic
ated
with
the
new
ly e
stab
lishe
d E
duca
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
sL
abor
ator
ies,
Inc
., a
nonp
rofi
t cor
pora
tion
esta
b-lis
hed
by th
e Fo
rd F
ound
atio
n, a
nd w
rote
a r
epor
tfo
r E
FL in
195
8 ab
out t
he B
ritis
h w
ork.
EFL
was
inte
rest
ed, b
ut ju
dged
that
the
time
was
not
rip
eto
pro
ceed
to a
tria
l.B
y 19
61, h
owev
er, w
ides
prea
d in
tere
st h
adde
velo
ped
in f
indi
ng w
ays
to c
ut th
e co
sts
of th
ehu
ge U
nite
d St
ates
sch
ool c
onst
ruct
ion
prog
ram
,w
hich
in C
alif
orni
a al
one,
at t
he a
nnua
l rat
e of
abou
t 15,
000
clas
sroo
ms,
cos
t nea
rly
$300
mill
ion.
As
usua
l, th
ere
wer
e nu
mer
ous
sugg
estio
nsth
at s
impl
e st
anda
rd p
lans
sho
uld
be d
evel
oped
,an
d, a
s us
ual,
both
arc
hite
cts
and
educ
ator
s w
ere
answ
erin
g th
at s
tand
ard
plan
s ha
d pr
oven
inad
e-qu
ate
to m
eet t
he v
arie
d co
nditi
ons
and
need
sbo
th p
hysi
cal a
nd e
duca
tiona
lof
the
natio
n's
scho
ol d
istr
icts
. Nor
had
they
eve
r pr
oduc
ed a
nyde
mon
stra
ble
econ
omie
s. "
But
," a
s on
e ed
ucat
orno
ted,
"w
hen
you
tell
scho
ol b
oard
s th
at y
ouop
pose
sta
ndar
d pl
ans,
they
ask
wha
t you
hav
e to
sugg
est a
s an
alte
rnat
ive.
"
The
Arc
hite
ctur
al F
orum
and
Edu
catio
nal
Faci
litie
s L
abor
ator
ies
spon
sore
d a
natio
nal c
on-
fere
nce
on th
e pr
oble
m in
Sep
tem
ber
of 1
961.
.[I
n at
tend
ance
wer
e C
harl
es D
. Gib
son,
chi
ef o
fth
e B
urea
u of
Sch
ool P
lann
ing,
Sta
te D
epar
tmen
tof
Edu
catio
n, S
acra
men
to, C
alif
orni
a; A
ntho
nyPa
rt, D
eput
y Se
cret
ary,
Min
istr
y of
Edu
catio
n,U
nite
d K
ingd
om; W
arre
n Sc
hmid
t, A
ssis
tant
Com
mis
sion
er, N
ew Y
ork
Stat
e E
duca
tion
Dep
artm
ent;
Ruf
us P
utna
m, S
uper
inte
nden
t of
Scho
ols,
Min
neap
olis
, Min
neso
ta; W
illia
m P
ena,
part
ner,
Cau
dill,
Row
lett,
Sco
tt, a
rchi
tect
s,H
oust
on, T
exas
; Ezr
a E
hren
kran
tz; J
. Sta
nley
Shar
p, p
artn
er, K
etch
um &
Sha
rp, a
rchi
tect
s,N
ew Y
ork
City
; Joh
n H
inch
liffe
, Dir
ecto
r, C
om-
mer
cial
Pro
duct
s, N
orth
rop
Cor
p.; W
. W. D
edon
,Pr
ojec
t Eng
inee
r, N
orth
rop
Cor
p.; G
eorg
e E
.M
artin
, Dir
ecto
r, M
arke
ting
Res
earc
h &
Dis
tri-
butio
n, K
awne
er C
o.; D
r. H
arol
d B
. Gor
es, P
resi
-de
nt, E
FL; J
onat
han
Kin
g, S
ecre
tary
-Tre
asur
er,
EFL
; Dou
glas
Has
kell,
Edi
tor,
Arc
hite
ctur
alFo
rum
; and
Wal
ter
McQ
uade
, Sen
ior
Edi
tor,
Arc
hite
ctur
al F
orum
.] A
t tha
t mee
ting
Ezr
aE
hren
kran
tz, H
arol
d G
ores
, and
Jon
atha
n K
ing
sugg
este
d th
at m
ass-
prod
uced
com
pone
nts
coul
dm
eet t
he d
eman
d fo
r st
anda
rdiz
atio
n, w
hile
stil
lpr
ovid
ing
the
broa
d va
riet
y of
sol
utio
ns o
n w
hich
the
arch
itect
s an
d ed
ucat
ors
wer
e in
sist
ing.
Cha
rles
Gib
son
gave
the
idea
imm
edia
te b
acki
ng.
And
Har
old
Gor
es a
nd J
onat
han
Kin
g ag
reed
that
, if
scho
ol d
istr
icts
cou
ld b
e fo
und
that
wou
ldac
tual
ly m
ake
use
of it
, EFL
sho
uld
supp
ort t
heid
ea's
dev
elop
men
t.K
ing
and
Ehr
enkr
antz
, who
was
now
pra
ctic
-in
g in
San
Fra
ncis
co, e
nlis
ted
the
help
of
Dr.
Jam
es D
. Mac
Con
nell,
Dir
ecto
r of
Sta
nfor
d U
ni-
vers
ity's
Sch
ool P
lann
ing
Lab
orat
ory,
EFL
'S W
est-
ern
Reg
iona
l Cen
ter.
Tog
ethe
r th
ey w
ent t
oFr
ank
Fisc
alin
i, Su
peri
nten
dent
of
the
Eas
t Sid
eU
nion
Hig
h Sc
hool
Dis
tric
t in
San
Jose
, Cal
i-fo
rnia
. Fis
calin
i, a
vigo
rous
and
imag
inat
ive
edu-
cato
r, w
as a
nd is
fac
ing
scho
ol b
uild
ing
need
sof
the
mos
t dif
ficu
lt ki
nd. H
is d
istr
ict i
s in
one
of th
e na
tion'
s fa
stes
t-gr
owin
g po
pula
tion
cen-
ters
in th
e bo
omin
g Sa
nta
Cla
ra v
alle
y, y
et it
cont
ains
littl
e of
the
valle
y's
flou
rish
ing
aero
spac
ein
dust
ry o
r ot
her
man
ufac
turi
ng, a
nd th
eref
ore
ispo
or in
its
tax
base
. To
add
to it
s fi
nanc
ial d
iffi
-cu
lties
, the
dis
tric
t has
a la
rge
shar
e of
San
Jos
e's
Mex
ican
-Am
eric
an p
opul
atio
n w
hich
nee
dsex
pens
ive
spec
ial e
duca
tiona
l atte
ntio
n to
dea
lw
ith la
ngua
ge h
andi
caps
and
cul
tura
l adj
ustm
ent.
Eas
t Sid
e w
as p
lann
ing
thre
e ne
w h
igh
scho
ols,
but t
hey
wou
ld h
ave
to b
e bu
ilt w
ithin
the
stri
ctbu
dget
lim
its th
at a
re im
pose
d w
hen
the
stat
ean
d no
t the
loca
l dis
tric
t is
payi
ng m
ost o
f th
eco
st. F
isca
lini b
elie
ves
stro
ngly
that
the
scho
olbu
ildin
g is
impo
rtan
t to
the
qual
ity o
f ed
ucat
ion.
"Thi
s of
fere
d us
a c
hanc
e fo
r th
e fi
rst t
ime
tobu
y qu
ality
sch
ools
at s
tate
aid
pri
ces,
" he
has
said
, "so
that
we
can
real
ly c
ompe
te w
ith d
is-
tric
ts th
at a
ren'
t rec
eivi
ng s
tate
aid
. The
bui
ldin
gis
par
t of
a su
rrou
ndin
g at
mos
pher
e th
at a
ffec
tsth
e le
arni
ng p
roce
ss. I
t oug
ht to
be
one
that
the
youn
gste
rs w
ant t
o co
me
to, a
nd n
ot o
ne th
atth
ey a
re r
epel
led
by."
Fisc
alin
i and
his
boa
rd, a
fter
ext
ensi
ve d
is-
cuss
ions
with
Ehr
enkr
antz
, Kin
g, a
nd M
acC
on-
nell,
agr
eed
that
if a
pre
fabr
icat
ed c
ompo
nent
syst
em c
ould
be
deve
lope
d, th
ey w
ould
use
it.
On
that
bas
is E
duca
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s L
abor
a-to
ries
gra
nted
$50
,000
to S
tanf
ord
Uni
vers
ity
in D
ecem
ber,
196
1, to
ena
ble
the
Scho
ol P
lan-
ning
Lab
orat
ory
to d
o a
full-
dres
s fe
asib
ility
stud
y. S
choo
l Con
stru
ctio
n Sy
stem
s D
evel
op-
men
t was
org
aniz
ed. E
zra
Ehr
enkr
antz
was
appo
inte
d pr
ojec
t arc
hite
ct; h
e de
part
ed f
or E
ng-
land
to r
evie
w th
e la
test
dev
elop
men
ts th
ere
and
wri
te a
rep
ort o
n th
e B
ritis
h ex
peri
ence
to c
lari
fyits
mea
ning
for
the
Am
eric
an s
cene
.Fo
r E
FL, w
hich
wen
t on
to in
vest
mor
e th
an$6
00,0
00 in
the
prog
ram
, the
situ
atio
n w
asex
actly
the
sort
of
oppo
rtun
ity th
at f
ound
atio
nsus
ually
see
kone
whe
re th
ere
appe
ars
to b
e a
good
cha
nce
that
a "
seed
" in
vest
men
t will
put
into
mot
ion
a de
velo
pmen
t tha
t will
gat
her
itsow
n st
reng
th a
nd f
inal
ly b
ecom
e no
t onl
y se
lf-
supp
ortin
g bu
t sel
f-ex
pand
ing.
The
re s
eem
s to
be e
very
like
lihoo
d th
at th
is w
ill b
e th
e ca
se w
ithth
e SC
SD p
rogr
am.
On
his
retu
rn, E
hren
kran
tz b
egan
to e
xplo
reth
e pr
oble
ms
invo
lved
with
man
ufac
ture
rs, s
tate
offi
cial
s, b
uild
ing
trad
es u
nion
s, c
ontr
acto
rs,
arch
itect
s, a
nd o
ther
s. Q
uick
ly h
e di
scov
ered
that
Eas
t Sid
e's
thre
e sc
hool
s w
ould
not
pro
vide
a b
igen
ough
mar
ket t
o in
tere
st m
anuf
actu
rers
, and
with
the
help
of
Gib
son
and
Mac
Con
nell
heso
ught
out
mor
e sc
liot.1
list
rict
s in
who
se b
uild
-in
g pr
ogra
ms
the
proj
ect m
ight
be
help
ful.
In M
arch
, 196
2, th
e pr
ojec
t got
its
seco
ndst
aff
mem
ber
whe
n D
r. J
ames
D. L
auri
ts, f
or-
mer
ly p
rinc
ipal
of
the
Cub
berl
ey S
enio
r H
igh
Scho
ol in
Pal
o A
lto, j
oine
d th
e st
aff
as p
roje
ctco
ordi
nato
r. H
e be
gan
the
fund
amen
tal w
ork
ofst
udyi
ng th
e ac
tual
bui
ldin
g ne
eds
of c
onte
m-
pora
ry s
choo
ls, u
sing
pre
viou
s st
udie
s sp
onso
red
by E
FL a
nd o
ther
s, in
clo
se c
onsu
ltatio
n w
ith th
esc
hool
dis
tric
ts a
s th
ey jo
ined
the
proj
ect.
Lat
er
17
Lau
rits
acc
epte
d an
app
oint
men
t as
Ass
ista
ntSc
hool
Sup
erin
tend
ent i
n N
ewto
n, M
assa
chu-
setts
, and
Joh
n R
. Boi
ce o
f th
e Sc
hool
Pla
nnin
gL
abor
ator
y of
Sta
nfor
d U
nive
rsity
rep
lace
d hi
mas
pro
ject
coo
rdin
ator
.M
eant
ime
an a
dvis
ory
com
mitt
ee h
ad b
een
form
ed in
whi
ch a
gro
up o
f di
stin
guis
hed
arch
i-te
ctsP
rof.
C. T
heod
ore
Lar
son
of th
e U
nive
r-si
ty o
f M
ichi
gan,
Cha
rles
Law
renc
e of
Cau
dill,
Row
lett,
Sco
tt; W
alte
r A
. Net
sch,
Jr.
, of
the
Chi
cago
off
ice
of S
kidm
ore,
Ow
ings
and
Mer
rill;
John
Lyo
n R
eid
of R
eid
and
Tar
icsa
nd e
duca
-tio
n pr
ofes
sor
Cyr
il G
. Sar
gent
, the
n of
Har
vard
Uni
vers
ity a
nd n
ow w
ith th
e C
ity U
nive
rsity
of
New
Yor
k, jo
ined
Fis
calin
i, G
ibso
n, K
ing,
and
Mac
Con
nell
to w
atch
ove
r th
e de
velo
ping
wor
k.B
y Ju
ly th
e fe
asib
ility
stu
dy w
as f
inis
hed,
and
its r
epor
t was
fav
orab
le. F
ive
scho
ol d
istr
icts
,w
ith b
uild
ing
prog
ram
s co
min
g to
abo
ut $
11 m
il-lio
n, w
ere
read
y to
par
ticip
ate,
and
ther
e se
emed
to b
e no
insu
pera
W o
bsta
cle
to e
nlis
ting
mor
eir
t ord
er to
atta
in th
e m
arke
t of
at le
ast $
30 m
il-lio
n re
quir
ed b
y th
e m
anuf
actu
rers
to ju
stif
y th
ere
sear
ch a
n -1
dev
elop
men
t exp
endi
ture
.E
duca
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s L
abor
ator
ies
appr
oved
addi
tiona
l gra
nt f
unds
, and
the
proj
ect w
as u
nder
way
, to
be a
dmin
iste
red
by th
e St
anfo
rd U
nive
r-si
ty S
choo
l Pla
nnin
g L
abor
ator
y. A
sm
all s
taff
was
rec
ruite
d; f
irst
, arc
hite
cts
Chr
isto
pher
W.
Arn
old,
Ver
non
C. B
ryan
t Jr.
, and
Ber
t E. R
ay,
and
late
r, a
rchi
tect
Vis
sche
r B
oyd,
con
sulti
ngen
gine
er C
harl
es M
. Her
d, a
nd a
rchi
tect
ural
assi
stan
t Pet
er K
astl.
Pau
l Hoy
enga
of
the
Stat
eD
epar
tmen
t of
Fina
nce
beca
me
ais
ulta
nt to
help
with
pro
blem
s of
sta
te b
udge
ting
stan
dard
s.T
he g
roup
set
to w
ork
to c
ompl
ete
the
educ
a-
1$ tiona
l ana
lysi
s of
the
scho
ols
and
to tr
ansl
ate
thes
e ed
ucat
iona
l spe
cifi
catio
ns in
to th
e so
rt o
fsp
ecif
icat
ions
fro
m w
hich
man
ufac
ture
rs c
ould
desi
gn c
ompo
nent
s an
d bi
d th
em L
arge
sch
ools
chie
fly
high
sch
ools
wer
e in
volv
edar
e am
ong
the
mor
e co
mpl
ex o
f ed
ucat
iona
l bui
ldin
gs.
Bes
ides
sim
ple
clas
sroo
ms,
they
are
like
ly to
incl
ude
prov
isio
ns f
or la
rge
asse
mbl
ies,
adm
inis
-tr
atio
n, c
ouns
elin
g, p
hysi
cal e
duca
tion,
indu
stri
alsh
op w
ork,
dra
mat
ics,
and
num
erou
s ot
her
spec
ial
uses
. In
addi
tion,
Am
eric
an e
duca
tion
is in
ape
riod
of
prof
ound
and
rap
id c
hang
e.A
t the
turn
of
the
cent
ury
the
trad
ition
alC
alif
orni
a cl
assr
oom
, the
sta
ff f
ound
, had
bee
n20
fee
t by
20 f
eet,
beca
use
this
was
a c
onve
nien
tsp
an f
or w
ood
fram
e co
nstr
uctio
n. G
radu
ally
the
long
dim
ensi
on h
ad b
een
push
ed u
p to
fro
m 3
0to
32
feet
, as
clas
sroo
ms
of 7
50 to
960
squ
are
feet
beca
me
the
norm
, by
the
use
of p
rem
ium
lum
ber,
light
ste
el, a
nd r
einf
orce
d co
ncre
te. B
ut s
choo
lsar
e no
w f
acin
g th
e ne
ed o
f ev
en la
rger
spa
ces,
scho
ol a
dmin
istr
ator
s to
ld S
CSD
. "W
hy s
houl
dn't
a go
od le
ctur
er b
e ab
le to
mee
t a c
lass
of
150
stud
ents
, ins
tead
of
havi
ng to
rep
eat h
is le
ctur
efo
ur ti
mes
?" o
ne a
sked
. Yet
at t
he s
ame
time
the
adm
inis
trat
ors
wer
e sa
ying
that
soc
ial s
tudi
esm
ay s
oon
be c
arri
ed o
n la
rgel
y in
sm
all g
roup
sof
10
to 2
0 st
uden
ts.
Cou
nsel
ing,
trad
ition
ally
don
e in
divi
dual
ly,
may
als
o be
don
e w
ith la
rger
gro
ups
in f
utur
e,th
e ed
ucat
ors
said
. We
are
teac
hing
mor
e la
n-gu
ages
, so
the
new
lang
uage
labo
rato
ry w
here
stud
ents
wor
k w
ith ta
pe r
ecor
ders
mus
t mak
epr
ovis
ion
for
smal
l gro
ups
as w
ell a
s la
rge
ones
.St
uden
t art
pro
ject
s to
day
"may
be
larg
e, h
eavy
,an
d di
rty,
" su
gges
ted
one
educ
ator
, and
so
ther
e
shou
ld b
e ou
tsid
e sp
ace
with
goo
d dr
aina
ge a
vail-
able
to th
e ar
t dep
artm
entb
ut it
sho
uld
bero
ofed
, to
prot
ect t
he w
ork
in b
ad w
eath
er.
From
thes
e di
scus
sion
s, th
e st
aff
wer
e ab
le to
reac
h ba
sic
conc
lusi
ons
abou
t the
con
stru
ctio
nsy
stem
. The
y de
cide
d th
at a
60-
foot
spa
n, o
rm
ore,
rat
her
than
the
trad
ition
al 3
0-fo
ot o
ne,
wou
ld b
e m
ost u
sefu
l, th
at m
any
inte
rior
par
ti-tio
ns s
houl
d be
dem
ount
able
, and
sim
ilar
fund
a-m
enta
l poi
nts.
At l
ast t
he s
taff
beg
an d
esig
ning
a hy
poth
etic
al m
odel
hig
h sc
hool
"Hyp
o H
igh,
"fo
r sh
ortw
hich
sho
uld
cont
ain
wha
t the
edu
-ca
tors
wer
e as
king
. Thi
s al
low
ed th
e st
aff
to e
sti-
mat
e ho
w m
uch
of e
ach
sort
of
com
pone
nt, f
orin
stan
ce, a
mov
able
wal
l, m
ight
go
into
it.
Thi
s an
alys
is, t
he p
artic
ipan
ts n
ow b
elie
ve,
is o
ne o
f th
e gr
eat s
tren
gths
of
the
proj
ect.
"Edu
-ca
tors
wer
e in
fro
m th
e be
ginn
ing,
" sa
ys S
uper
in-
tend
ent F
rank
Fis
calin
i. "A
nd s
o th
e co
mpo
nent
sw
e ar
e ge
tting
are
des
igne
d on
the
basi
s of
edu
-ca
tiona
l nee
ds, a
nd a
re n
ot m
akes
hift
s th
at w
ere
orig
inal
ly d
esig
ned
for
anot
her
type
of
build
ing.
"O
ut o
f th
e ed
ucat
iona
l spe
cifi
catio
ns s
tudy
grew
the
spec
ific
atio
ns f
or b
idde
rs. A
nd th
ey,
too,
wer
e un
usua
l, fo
r in
stea
d of
spe
cify
ing
the
com
pone
nt in
the
usua
l way
by
dim
ensi
ons,
mat
eria
ls, a
nd o
ther
qua
ntita
tive
aspe
cts,
they
mer
ely
spec
ifie
d th
e pr
oble
m to
be
solv
ed a
nd le
ftth
e so
lutio
n its
elf
to th
e m
anuf
actu
rer.
Thi
s, a
son
e m
anuf
actu
rer
com
men
ted,
was
"a
reve
rsal
of th
e pr
oces
s by
whi
ch in
dust
ry's
cus
tom
s an
dpr
actic
es h
ad g
row
n ov
er th
e ce
ntur
ies.
" It
is,
how
ever
, ana
logo
us to
app
roac
hes
deve
lope
d by
the
mili
tary
for
the
aero
spac
e in
dust
ries
.A
nd n
ow, d
iscu
ssin
g th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
thes
e"p
erfo
rman
ce s
peci
fica
tions
" w
ith p
rosp
ectiv
e
bidd
ers,
the
SCSD
sta
ff b
egan
to f
ind
wha
t Ehr
en-
kran
tz r
ecal
ls a
s "a
n ex
citin
g re
actio
n."
"The
y be
gan
to tr
ump
our
card
s,"
he s
ays.
"For
inst
ance
, bid
s on
air
-con
ditio
ning
sys
tem
sha
ve c
usto
mar
ily b
een
on f
irst
cos
t onl
y. B
ut th
eai
r-co
nditi
onin
g m
anuf
actu
rers
poi
nted
out
tous
that
this
for
ces
them
to p
rovi
de o
nly
min
imum
dura
bilit
y, s
ince
the
cost
of
impr
ovin
g du
rabi
lity
wou
ld m
ake
thei
r bi
d to
o hi
gh. '
Why
not
incl
ude
five
yea
rs o
f m
aint
enan
ce in
the
orig
inal
bid
?'th
ey a
sked
. Tha
t's b
oth
a be
tter
and
chea
per
way
to b
uy d
urab
ility
than
pay
ing
for
repa
irs
afte
r th
efi
rst y
ear.
"Stu
dyin
g th
is, w
e fo
und
that
som
e di
stri
cts
have
pai
d as
muc
h as
40
per
cent
of
firs
t cos
t in
aye
ar f
or th
eir
mai
nten
ance
of
air
cond
ition
ing,
and
that
10
to 2
0 pe
r ce
nt is
not
unu
sual
. Sim
i-la
rly,
we
note
d th
at w
ith li
ghtin
g sy
stem
s it
isn'
t eno
ugh
to c
onsi
der
how
muc
h yo
u ar
e pa
ying
in f
irst
cos
t to
prov
ide
a ce
rtai
n am
ount
and
qua
l-ity
of
light
; you
als
o ne
ed to
con
side
r ho
w m
uch
pow
er y
ou w
ill h
ave
to b
uy e
very
yea
r to
del
iver
the
light
." E
duca
tors
say
that
sch
ools
rea
lly c
an't
affo
rd c
heap
bui
ldin
gs, b
ecau
se o
ver
thei
r lo
ngliv
es th
e co
st o
f m
aint
enan
ce w
ill b
ring
the
tota
lco
st o
f th
e ch
eap
build
ing
to m
uch
mor
e th
anth
at o
f a
build
ing
of h
ighe
r fi
rst c
ost.
As
the
anal
ysis
pro
ceed
ed, t
he S
CSD
sta
ffse
ttled
on
a pl
an to
ask
bid
s on
fou
r in
itial
sub
-sy
stem
s, w
hich
the
perf
orm
ance
spe
cifi
catio
nsw
ould
req
uire
to f
it to
geth
er. T
his
mea
nt th
atst
ruct
ural
des
igne
rs, c
eilin
g an
d lig
htin
g m
anu-
fact
urer
s, th
e ai
r-co
nditi
onin
g co
mpa
nies
, and
part
ition
mak
ers
now
had
to w
ork
toge
ther
tobe
sur
e th
eir
prod
ucts
cou
ld b
e us
ed to
geth
era
sim
ple
idea
, to
be s
ure,
but
one
that
had
bee
n
little
trie
d be
fore
on
proj
ects
the
size
of
scho
ols.
Ext
erio
r w
alls
, it w
as d
ecid
ed, w
ould
not
be
incl
uded
bec
ause
the
mar
ket S
CSD
was
off
erin
gw
as n
ot b
ig e
noug
h to
ena
ble
man
ufac
ture
rs to
deve
lop
the
vari
ety
need
ed. T
he S
CSD
sta
ff a
naly
-si
s sh
owed
that
at l
east
14
diff
eren
t ext
erio
r m
ate-
rial
s w
ould
be
need
ed to
sat
isfy
the
requ
irem
ents
of th
e pr
ojec
t. N
eith
er e
cono
my
nor
the
desi
res
ofth
e su
peri
nten
dent
s an
d pr
ojec
t arc
hite
cts
wou
ld h
ave
been
ser
ved
by in
clud
ing
exte
rior
wal
ls in
the
syst
em.
One
of
the
mos
t im
port
ant a
spec
ts o
f th
e pe
r-fo
rman
ce s
peci
fica
tions
was
that
the
stru
ctur
e,lig
htin
g-ce
iling
, and
mec
hani
cal s
ubsy
stem
s al
lha
d to
be
cont
aine
d in
a 3
6-in
ch s
pace
bet
wee
nth
e ro
of d
eck
and
the
ceili
ng. T
his
cam
e to
be
know
n as
the
"ser
vice
san
dwic
h."
Her
e w
irin
g,lig
htin
g, T
V c
ondu
its, a
ir d
ucts
, and
plu
mbi
ngw
ere
inte
rlac
ed, r
athe
r th
an e
ach
bein
g al
low
eda
sepa
rate
laye
r of
spa
ce.
Mos
t of
all,
to m
eet t
he c
hang
ing
need
s of
the
scho
ols,
the
new
spe
cifi
catio
ns e
mph
asiz
ed th
eab
ility
to c
hang
e. T
he s
truc
tura
l sys
tem
was
requ
ired
to o
ffer
a v
arie
ty o
f cl
ear
span
s fr
om30
to 7
5 fe
et in
the
acad
emic
are
as, o
n a
basi
cfi
ve-f
oot p
lann
ing
grid
or
"mod
ule.
" Sp
ans
of 9
0an
d 11
0 fe
et w
ere
to b
e pr
ovid
ed f
or g
yms.
The
seha
ve la
ter
been
use
d fo
r ac
adem
ic b
uild
ings
as
wel
l. T
he s
tiur:
ture
in th
e ac
adem
ic s
pans
was
tobe
not
mor
e th
an 3
6" d
eep,
the
stru
ctur
e in
gym
-na
sium
spa
ns, n
ot m
ore
than
60"
dee
p.W
ithin
thes
e sp
aces
the
inte
rior
par
titio
nsw
ere
to b
e de
mou
ntab
le s
o fa
r as
pos
sibl
e. B
ids
wou
ld a
lso
be r
ecei
ved
on o
pera
ble
wal
ls o
f tw
oty
pes:
acc
ordi
on p
artit
ions
, and
rig
id f
oldi
ng-
pane
l slid
ing
part
ition
s. T
his
gave
arc
hite
cts
max
imum
fle
xibi
lity
in p
rovi
ding
for
fut
ure
chan
ges
in s
choo
l nee
ds a
nd f
or u
nfor
esee
able
deve
lopm
ents
in s
choo
l pro
gram
.B
ut th
ere
is n
ot m
uch
use
in b
eing
abl
e to
chan
ge p
artit
ions
aro
und
if o
ne c
anno
t ais
ech
ange
the
light
ing
arra
ngem
ents
, as
wel
l as
the
air-
cond
ition
ing
syst
em a
nd it
s co
ntro
ls. S
o th
ese
wer
e re
quir
ed to
be
equa
lly a
dapt
able
. As
fina
llyde
sign
ed, t
he a
ir-c
ondi
tioni
ng o
utle
ts, w
ith f
lex-
ible
duc
ts, m
ay b
e m
oved
to a
lmos
t any
line
on
the
five
-foo
t gri
d, a
nd in
depe
nden
t con
trol
s m
aybe
pro
vide
d fo
r up
to e
ight
spa
ces
in e
ach
mod
ule
of 3
,600
squ
are
feet
. Lig
htso
f se
vera
l var
ietie
sar
e in
terc
hang
eabl
e w
ith c
eilin
g pa
nels
.L
ater
, to
thes
e fo
ur b
asic
sub
syst
ems
wer
ead
ded
cabi
nets
and
labo
rato
ry ta
bles
spe
cial
lyde
sign
ed to
fit
the
mod
ular
dim
ensi
ons.
The
cabi
nets
wer
e re
quir
ed to
be
inte
rcha
ngea
ble,
so
that
dra
wer
s of
var
ious
siz
es c
an b
e sw
appe
d he
refo
r sh
elvi
ng th
ere,
and
a d
oor
mov
ed f
rom
one
cabi
net t
o an
othe
r. F
inal
ly, l
ocke
rs r
equi
red
tobe
des
igne
d to
fit
the
obje
cts
norm
ally
sto
red
inth
em a
nd to
ope
rate
qui
etly
wer
e al
so b
id. S
ome
educ
ator
s sa
id th
at th
e ty
pica
l loc
ker
was
desi
gned
to b
reak
boo
ks, n
ot to
sto
re th
em.
Mea
ntim
e nu
mer
ous
othe
r pr
oble
ms
wer
e be
ing
wor
ked
out,
such
as
the
lega
l pro
cedu
re f
or th
eco
mbi
natio
n of
13
scho
ol s
yste
ms
in s
even
dif
fer-
ent c
ount
ies
to s
atis
fy a
ll se
ven
coun
ty a
ttorn
eys
that
the
lega
lly r
equi
red
bidd
ing
com
petit
ion
real
ly w
as o
ccur
ring
. Ulti
mat
ely
the
13 d
istr
icts
esta
blis
hed
the
Firs
t Cal
ifor
nia
Com
mis
sion
on
Scho
ol C
onst
ruct
ion
Syst
ems,
and
wer
e ab
le to
cond
uct t
he b
iddi
ng a
s th
at e
ntity
. No
new
legi
s-la
tion
was
req
uire
d.T
he C
omm
issi
on is
com
pose
d of
fiv
e C
alif
orni
a
scho
ol d
istr
ict s
uper
inte
nden
ts. F
erd
J. K
iese
l of
the
San
Juan
dis
tric
t is
Pres
iden
t; G
len
A. W
ilson
of L
a Pu
ente
, Sec
reta
ry; F
isca
lini,
Tre
asur
er; a
ndM
ax L
. For
ney
of H
untin
gton
Bea
ch a
nd D
avid
H. P
aynt
er o
f Si
mi V
alle
y, th
e ot
her
mem
bers
.E
rnes
tL
ake
of F
ulle
rton
was
the
secr
etar
yun
til h
e re
sign
ed in
the
fall
of 1
966
to jo
in th
est
aff
at C
alif
orni
a St
ate
Col
lege
.M
ore
than
a h
undr
ed m
anuf
actu
ring
fir
ms
thro
ugho
ut th
e co
untr
y re
spon
ded
whe
n th
e C
om-
mis
sion
cal
led
a pr
e-bi
ddin
g co
nfer
ence
at S
tan-
ford
in J
uly,
196
3. T
his
was
a s
peci
al e
ffor
t to
prod
uce
com
patib
ility
of
syst
ems,
for
the
staf
fkn
ew th
ey c
ould
just
mai
l the
spe
cifi
catio
ns, b
utth
ey f
eare
d th
at th
e m
aker
s of
var
ious
com
po-
nent
s w
ould
fai
l to
get i
n to
uch
with
eac
h ot
her.
"It w
as a
n at
tem
pt to
arr
ange
som
e m
arri
ages
,"sa
ys s
taff
mem
ber
Ver
non
C. B
ryan
t, Jr
.O
n Ja
nuar
y 3,
196
4, th
e si
x m
anuf
actu
rers
who
wer
e to
pro
vide
the
com
pone
nts
wer
e no
min
ated
by th
e C
omm
issi
on o
n th
e re
com
men
datio
n of
SCSD
. And
pro
mpt
ly th
e le
gal p
ropr
iety
of
per-
form
ance
spe
cifi
catio
n as
a m
etho
d of
bid
ding
was
test
ed b
y a
disa
ppoi
nted
bid
der,
aga
inst
who
mth
e C
omm
issi
on s
ucce
ssfu
lly d
efen
ded
a la
wsu
it.A
s a
cond
ition
of
bidd
ing,
the
Com
mis
sion
requ
ired
that
a tr
ial b
uild
ing
encl
osin
g 3,
600
squa
re f
eet t
he a
rea
serv
ed b
y a
sing
le a
ir-c
on-
ditio
ning
uni
t sho
uld
be e
rect
ed b
y th
e w
inne
rson
the
Stan
ford
cam
pus.
The
bui
ldin
g, d
esig
ned
by E
hren
kran
tz a
nd th
e SC
SD s
taff
, is
wal
led
entir
ely
with
gla
ss, a
nd it
imm
edia
tely
beg
an to
attr
act n
umer
ous
visi
tors
inte
rest
ed in
SC
SD.
Soon
aft
er it
s co
mpl
etio
n in
Nov
embe
r, 1
964,
the
build
ing
prov
ided
a d
ram
atic
dem
onst
ratio
nof
the
flex
ibili
ty f
or w
hich
its
com
pone
nts
wer
e
29 desi
gned
. Ove
rnig
ht, b
etw
een
two
days
of
a m
eet-
ing
of th
e B
oard
of
Edu
catio
nal F
acili
ties
Lab
o-ra
tori
es in
the
build
ing,
a n
ew r
oom
was
pro
duce
dby
rem
ovin
g 12
0 fe
et o
f in
teri
or p
artit
ion,
inst
all-
ing
25 f
eet,
and
chan
ging
the
surf
ace
of 8
0 fe
et o
fpa
rtiti
on. T
he li
ghtin
g w
as r
earr
ange
d by
mov
ing
300
squa
re f
eet o
f ce
iling
pan
els,
sev
en a
ir-c
ondi
-tio
ning
zon
es w
ere
redu
ced
to f
ive,
two
ther
mo-
stat
s w
ere
rem
oved
and
one
cha
nged
in p
ositi
on,
and
the
build
ing
was
tidi
ed u
p in
tim
e fo
r th
ene
xt m
orni
ng's
mee
ting.
Onl
y 59
man
-hou
rs o
fw
ork
wer
e re
quir
ed.
The
sel
f-ex
pand
ing
natu
re o
f th
e SC
SD id
eano
w b
egan
pro
mpt
ly to
ass
ert i
tsel
f. C
onst
ruct
ion
bega
n on
the
firs
t "sy
stem
s" s
choo
l, fo
r th
e C
lark
Cou
nty,
Nev
ada,
sch
ool d
istr
ict,
utili
zing
the
stru
ctur
al s
yste
m d
esig
ned
not b
y th
e w
inni
ngbi
dder
s bu
t by
the
But
ler
Man
ufac
turi
ng C
om-
pany
, whi
ch h
ad b
een
runn
er-u
p in
the
stru
ctur
albi
ddin
g to
Inl
and
Stee
l Pro
duct
s C
ompa
ny. B
ut-
ler
join
ed it
s st
ruct
ure
with
the
ceili
ng a
nd li
ght-
ing
syst
em d
esig
ned
by th
e H
ause
rman
Com
pany
,w
hich
won
the
SCSD
bid
ding
for
fix
ed a
nd d
e-m
ount
able
par
titio
ns, b
ut lo
st to
Inl
and
on th
ece
iling
. The
SC
SD-w
inni
ng a
ir-c
ondi
tioni
ng s
ys-
tem
of
Len
nox
Indu
stri
es a
lso
join
ed in
. And
toge
ther
they
ere
cted
an
elem
enta
ry s
choo
l in
Las
Veg
as, N
evad
a.So
on I
nlan
d St
eel P
rodu
cts
had
a pr
ojec
t und
erw
ay u
sing
its
syst
em in
Bar
ring
ton,
Illi
nois
, for
asc
hool
whi
ch w
as c
ompl
eted
ear
ly in
196
6. A
ndso
on a
fter
war
d In
land
und
erto
ok to
use
its
SCSD
-w
inni
ng s
truc
tura
l and
ligh
ting
syst
em to
ere
ct a
new
eng
inee
ring
bui
ldin
g fo
r th
e L
ockh
eed
Com
-pa
ny in
Mar
ietta
, Geo
rgia
, an
unus
ual t
rans
fer
ofsc
hool
build
ing
met
hods
to in
dust
rial
use
. The
Mar
ietta
pro
ject
pro
vide
d a
conv
inci
ng d
emon
-st
ratio
n of
the
spee
d in
ere
ctio
n w
hich
pre
fabr
ica-
tion
prov
ides
, for
the
firs
t sec
tion
of th
e bu
ildin
gso
me
180,
000
squa
re f
eetw
as b
egun
on
Oct
o-be
r 19
, 196
5, a
nd c
ompl
eted
on
Febr
uary
1, 1
966.
Inla
nd's
con
cent
ratio
n of
its
prod
uctio
n on
this
latte
r pr
ojec
t cau
sed
som
e de
lays
and
con
flic
tsw
ith th
e C
alif
orni
a sc
hool
s. B
ut th
ey d
id g
et u
nder
way
and
now
inqu
irie
s ab
out t
he p
roje
ct b
egan
to c
ome
in f
rom
man
y pa
rts
of th
e co
untr
y an
dev
en f
rom
ove
rsea
s. B
elle
vue,
Was
hing
ton,
and
aSt
. Lou
is, M
isso
uri,
subu
rb d
ecid
ed to
bui
ld "
sys-
tem
s" s
choo
ls. A
nd s
choo
lmen
in M
etro
polit
anT
oron
to, P
enns
ylva
nia,
Mas
sach
uset
ts, a
nd F
lor-
ida
bega
n ta
lkin
g ab
out t
he p
ossi
bilit
y of
for
min
gde
velo
pmen
t gro
ups
like
the
Firs
t Cal
ifor
nia
Com
-m
issi
on, w
orki
ng o
ut th
eir
own
spec
ific
atio
ns, a
ndde
velo
ping
new
sys
tem
s of
thei
r ow
n. S
uch
proj
-ec
ts w
ere
in p
rogr
ess
in T
oron
to a
nd F
lori
da a
tth
e en
d of
196
6.N
umer
ous
prob
lem
s an
d di
ffic
ultie
s ha
d be
enov
erco
me
to g
et th
e SC
SD s
choo
ls u
nder
con
stru
c-tio
n an
d m
ore
prob
lem
s an
d di
ffic
ultie
s la
y ah
ead.
Lik
e an
y ot
her
proj
ect t
hat c
alls
for
fun
dam
enta
lch
ange
in th
e cu
stom
ary
way
s of
doi
ng th
ings
, the
SCSD
und
erta
king
exp
erie
nced
ful
ly th
e op
era-
tion
of "
Mur
phy'
s la
w"
as it
was
def
ined
by
the
rock
et e
xper
ts o
f C
ape
Ken
nedy
: "I
f an
ythi
ngca
n po
ssib
ly g
o w
rong
, it w
ill."
But
wha
t had
bee
non
ly a
n id
ea w
as b
egin
ning
to a
ssum
e re
ality
.
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a.ef
1r .7..
4
r:A
SC
SD
Sch
ools
The
tota
l of
13 p
roje
ctsb
uilt,
bui
ldin
g, a
nd p
ro-
ject
edth
at m
ade
up th
e SC
SD p
rogr
am a
t the
end
of 1
966
was
a s
harp
red
uctio
n fr
om th
e pr
o-gr
am o
f 22
sch
ools
for
13
diff
eren
t dis
tric
ts th
atha
d be
en c
onte
mpl
ated
whe
n th
e Fi
rst C
alif
orni
aC
omm
issi
on w
as f
orm
ed. H
owev
er, t
he C
omm
is-
sion
had
for
esee
n th
e po
ssib
ility
of
chan
ges,
know
ing
that
pop
ulat
ion
tren
ds in
fas
t-gr
owin
gsu
burb
an d
istr
icts
are
not
who
lly p
redi
ctab
le.
Thu
s, f
or in
stan
ce, t
he S
an J
uan
Scho
ol D
istr
ict
outs
ide
Sacr
amen
to c
ut b
ack
its b
uild
ing
prog
ram
whe
n a
larg
e ae
rosp
ace
man
ufac
ture
r in
the
area
cut b
ack
empl
oym
ent a
nd th
e su
burb
's g
row
thra
te d
ropp
ed s
harp
ly. T
he S
imi V
alle
y U
nifi
edSc
hool
Dis
tric
t in
Sout
hern
Cal
ifor
nia
also
cut
back
bec
ause
of
decl
inin
g gr
owth
, and
the
Eas
tSi
de U
nion
Hig
h Sc
hool
Dis
tric
t at S
an J
ose,
Cal
ifor
nia,
del
ayed
con
stru
ctio
n of
a p
revi
ousl
ysc
hedu
led
high
sch
ool f
or th
e sa
me
reas
on.
One
of
the
Com
mis
sion
's s
choo
l dis
tric
ts e
ven
vani
shed
, whe
n th
e st
ate
prog
ram
for
indu
cing
dist
rict
s to
com
bine
into
larg
er u
nits
res
ulte
d in
the
unif
icat
ion
of th
e E
xcel
sior
Uni
on H
igh
Scho
olD
istr
ict,
a C
omm
issi
on m
embe
r, in
to th
e A
BC
Uni
fied
Sch
ool D
istr
ict,
sout
heas
t of
Los
Ang
eles
.T
he n
ew u
nifi
ed d
istr
ict r
evis
ed th
e bu
ildin
g pr
o-gr
am th
at E
xcel
sior
had
pla
nned
.B
ut th
e C
omm
issi
on h
ad a
llow
ed f
or a
n ad
e-qu
ate
num
ber
of s
uch
drop
outs
, and
its
rem
aini
ngvo
lum
e of
con
stru
ctio
n w
as s
till s
uffi
cien
t to
carr
yth
roug
h th
e pr
ogra
m a
nd to
mak
e it
poss
ible
toes
timat
e if
it h
ad m
ade
prog
ress
tow
ard
build
ing
scho
ols
bette
r, f
aste
r, a
nd m
ore
econ
omic
ally
.T
he q
uest
ion
to b
e as
ked
is n
ot, i
t sho
uld
beem
phas
ized
, whe
ther
all
the
scho
ols
show
rem
ark-
able
arc
hite
ctur
al e
xcel
lenc
e, a
lthou
gh s
ome
of
them
app
ear
to b
e ex
celle
nt s
choo
ls in
deed
. Rat
h-er
, the
impo
rtan
t que
stio
n fo
r SC
SD is
whe
ther
its s
yste
ms
have
giv
en a
rchi
tect
s hi
gh-q
ualit
yec
onom
ical
com
pone
nts,
fre
edom
of
arch
itect
ural
trea
tmen
t, sc
ope
for
the
empl
oym
ent o
f in
divi
d-ua
l cre
ativ
ity, a
nd s
uffi
cien
t cho
ice
in p
lans
tom
eet t
he d
iffe
ring
nee
ds o
f sc
hool
sys
tem
s. N
otal
l arc
hite
cts
and
engi
neer
s w
ill p
rodu
ce b
rilli
ant
resu
lts w
ith s
uch
free
dom
, any
mor
e th
an a
ll pr
o-du
ce b
rilli
ant r
esul
ts w
ith c
onve
ntio
nal m
etho
ds.
The
SC
SD s
choo
ls c
erta
inly
dif
fer
very
wid
ely.
For
exam
ple,
in c
ontr
ast t
o th
e Fo
unta
in V
alle
yH
igh
Scho
ol a
lrea
dy d
escr
ibed
, whi
ch c
onsi
sts
ofse
para
te b
uild
ings
pla
ced
arou
nd a
larg
e ce
ntra
lop
en a
rea,
the
new
Son
ora
Hig
h Sc
hool
of
the
Fulle
rton
Uni
on H
igh
Scho
ol D
istr
;ct,
by a
rchi
-te
cts
Will
iam
E. B
luro
ck a
nd A
ssoc
iate
s, is
one
sing
le b
uild
ing
the
som
ewha
t con
trov
ersi
al "
loft
plan
." H
ere
the
inst
ruct
iona
l and
oth
er r
oom
s su
r-ro
und
a ce
ntra
l "gr
eat c
ourt
" w
hich
is r
oofe
d, li
keth
e m
all o
f an
eas
tern
sho
ppin
g ce
nter
.Y
et th
is p
lan,
so
diff
eren
t fro
m F
ount
ain
Val
-le
y's,
has
bee
n ca
rrie
d ou
t with
equ
al f
acili
ty u
sing
the
SCSD
sys
tem
. A p
robl
em o
f th
e "l
oft p
lan"
scho
ol h
as b
een
nois
e in
the
cent
ral a
rea
whe
nm
any
stud
ents
are
out
of
clas
ses.
To
help
com
bat
this
, the
Ful
lert
on a
rchi
tect
s ra
ised
the
cour
t'sce
iling
fro
m th
e 10
-foo
t hei
ght e
lsew
here
in th
esc
hool
to 2
0 fe
eta
poss
ibili
ty f
or w
hich
the
SCSD
sys
tem
had
pro
vide
d. (
In c
ontr
ast,
whe
na
12-f
oot c
eilin
g w
as w
ante
d in
par
ts o
f Fo
unta
inV
alle
y H
igh
Scho
ol, i
ts a
rchi
tect
s lo
wer
ed th
e fl
oor
slab
two
feet
to s
ave
expe
nse
and
to a
void
bre
ak-
ing
the
roof
line
.)In
ano
ther
illu
stra
tion
of th
e sy
stem
's r
ange
,ar
chite
cts
Lee
fe a
nd E
hren
kran
tz d
esig
ned
an
24 "exp
anda
ble"
ele
men
tary
sch
ool w
ith it
for
the
Sant
a C
ruz
Scho
ol D
istr
ict,
even
thou
gh S
CSD
was
pri
mar
ily a
imed
at h
igh
scho
ol c
onst
ruct
ion.
The
De
Lav
eaga
Ele
men
tary
Sch
ool a
t San
taC
ruz
has
11 te
achi
ng s
tatio
ns to
beg
in w
ith"O
ne m
ore
than
we
thou
ght w
e co
uld
sque
eze
out
of o
ur b
udge
t," c
omm
ents
Sup
erin
tend
ent D
enny
Mor
riss
eyan
d en
clos
es u
nfin
ishe
d sp
ace
for
12m
ore
clas
sroo
ms.
To
mee
t the
sch
ool d
istr
ict's
educ
atio
nal s
peci
fica
tions
, the
spa
ce is
arr
ange
dso
that
"cl
uste
rs"
of th
ree
clas
sroo
ms
each
can
be a
dded
in th
e fu
ture
as
they
are
nee
ded.
In e
xter
ior
trea
tmen
t, th
e ra
nge
of th
e sc
hool
sis
equ
ally
gre
at. F
ount
ain
Val
ley
expr
esse
s its
stru
ctur
e cl
earl
y; c
eram
ic ti
le c
over
ing
each
str
uc-
tura
l col
umn
mar
ks it
s oc
curr
ence
in th
e br
ick
oute
r w
all,
and
a bo
ldly
con
tras
ting
fasc
ia o
f bl
ack
and
whi
te e
nam
eled
alu
min
um p
anel
s dr
aws
atte
ntio
n to
the
stru
ctur
al s
yste
m's
dee
p ro
of-
ceili
ng "
sand
wic
h."
In c
ompl
ete
cont
rast
, mos
t of
the
El D
orad
o hi
gh s
choo
l bui
ldin
gs e
ntir
ely
con-
ceal
bot
h th
ese
stru
ctur
al f
eatu
res
behi
nd a
pain
ted
stuc
co w
all.
And
the
little
tria
l bui
ldin
gat
Sta
nfor
d ha
s al
l its
col
umns
sta
ndin
g fr
ee f
ive
feet
out
side
its
grey
gla
ss w
alls
.Ju
st a
s SC
SD c
an o
nly
allo
w, b
ut n
ot g
uara
n-te
e, a
rchi
tect
ural
exc
elle
nce,
it c
anno
t gua
rant
eefa
vora
ble
pric
es f
or a
who
le s
choo
l, si
nce
the
SCSD
com
pone
nts
norm
ally
acc
ount
for
abo
utha
lf th
e to
tal c
ost o
f th
e bu
ildin
g.E
ven
in th
e us
e of
the
com
pone
nts,
mor
eove
r,SC
SD's
ver
y fl
exib
ility
per
mits
var
iatio
n in
cos
t.If
a s
choo
l dis
tric
t sho
uld
requ
ire
an u
nusu
ally
high
pro
port
ion
of o
pera
ble
wal
ls, a
bove
the
usua
lne
eds
of s
choo
ls, t
hat w
ill o
bvio
usly
add
to c
ost.
Cer
tain
str
uctu
ral s
pans
are
mor
e ex
pens
ive
than
othe
rs, a
nd th
ere
are
othe
r co
st v
aria
tions
as
wel
l.A
pri
ncip
al f
acto
r w
hich
infl
uenc
es th
e fi
nal b
id-
ding
res
ults
is th
at, k
now
ing
that
the
SCSD
com
-po
nent
s w
ill p
rovi
de th
eir
part
of
the
scho
ol v
ery
econ
omic
ally
, sch
oolm
en a
nd a
rchi
tect
s or
dina
r-ily
util
ize
this
sav
ing
to p
rovi
de o
ther
thin
gs in
the
scho
ols
that
they
bel
ieve
are
nee
ded
but w
hich
they
cou
ld n
ot p
revi
ousl
y af
ford
. As
som
e of
the
supe
rint
ende
nts
invo
lved
in S
CSD
hav
e co
m-
men
ted,
"Y
ou d
on't
spen
d le
ss, b
ut y
ou g
et m
ore
for
wha
t you
spe
nd."
Hen
ce it
is to
be
expe
cted
that
bid
s fo
r so
me
ofth
e SC
SD s
choo
ls h
ave
com
e in
abo
ve p
ropo
sed
budg
ets,
ref
lect
ing
indi
vidu
al v
aria
tions
in p
lan-
ning
, est
imat
ing,
and
in b
iddi
ng c
ondi
tions
. The
cost
s of
the
SCSD
com
pone
nts,
how
ever
, hav
ing
been
fix
ed in
the
orig
inal
bid
ding
, hav
e be
en h
eld
to e
xpec
ted
leve
ls in
the
fina
l bid
s. T
here
can
be
no q
uest
ion
that
this
has
bee
n an
eco
nom
y fo
r th
esc
hool
s co
ncer
ned,
par
ticul
arly
in v
iew
of
rece
nttr
ends
in c
onst
ruct
ion
cost
s.Sp
eed
of c
onst
ruct
ion
has
also
met
exp
ecta
-tio
ns, a
lthou
gh a
ctua
l sch
edul
es w
ere
som
etim
esde
laye
d by
tard
y de
liver
ies
of th
e st
ruct
ural
com
-po
nent
s. O
ne e
xam
ple
will
suf
fice
: T
he e
ntir
e st
eel
stru
ctur
e fo
r C
asa
Rob
le H
igh
Scho
ol, d
esig
ned
by a
rchi
tect
N. A
. Tom
ich
for
the
San
Juan
Uni
-fi
ed S
choo
l Dis
tric
t nea
r Sa
cram
ento
, was
ere
cted
in a
ppro
xim
atel
y 12
wor
king
day
s by
fiv
e m
en a
ndon
e cr
ane.
Alth
ough
wel
ding
and
rei
nfor
cem
ent
rem
aine
d fo
r co
mpl
etio
n, a
n en
gine
er o
n th
e jo
bco
mm
ente
d th
at s
uch
spee
d al
one
"will
mak
e th
isst
ruct
ure
a ho
t pro
duct
."B
ette
r sc
hool
s ar
e be
ing
built
fas
ter
and
mor
eec
onom
ical
ly b
y us
ing
SCSD
pro
duct
s.
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tia.41,
U
".k.
eik
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7:7
tL
.
=`m
ot
Y.
'14
oftkw
4 .
The
Com
pone
nts
Cha
lleng
ed to
res
pond
to th
e ne
eds
of a
goo
d-si
zed
grou
p of
sch
ools
who
se le
ader
s ha
d pl
ainl
yst
ated
thei
r w
ishe
s, s
ome
man
ufac
turi
ng c
om-
pani
es s
how
ed th
e ef
fect
ive
inge
nuity
whi
ch th
eSC
SD o
rgan
izer
s ha
d ho
ped
for.
In e
ach
bidd
ing
area
they
dev
elop
ed n
ew p
rod-
ucts
whi
ch th
e sc
hool
men
judg
ed to
be
supe
rior
for
educ
atio
nal p
urpo
ses
to th
ose
prev
ious
lyav
aila
ble,
as
wel
l as
gene
rally
che
aper
.In
land
Ste
el P
rodu
cts
Com
pany
won
the
con-
trac
t for
the
basi
c st
ruct
ure
with
a f
ram
ing
sys-
tem
des
igne
d by
arc
hite
ct R
ober
tson
War
d an
dT
he E
ngin
eers
Col
labo
rativ
e. I
t is
com
pose
d of
cruc
ifor
m c
olum
ns, j
oine
d by
trus
ses
whi
ch a
ctas
the
prim
ary
beam
s, b
etw
een
whi
ch th
e sp
ace
is s
pann
ed b
y "t
russ
-dec
k" u
nits
of
a un
ique
desi
gn. T
he tr
uss-
deck
s ar
e un
usua
l in
havi
ngno
top
chor
d as
suc
h; in
stea
d, th
e de
ckin
g its
elf
serv
es a
s th
e to
p m
embe
r of
the
trus
s, w
ith a
resu
ltant
sav
ing
both
in s
teel
and
in w
eigh
t, an
dco
nseq
uent
ly in
mon
ey. T
his
was
the
firs
t use
of o
rtho
trop
ic tr
usse
s fo
r co
nven
tiona
l bui
ldin
g,al
thou
gh th
e te
chni
que
had
been
use
d fo
r br
idge
s.Fo
r ec
onom
ical
shi
ppin
g, th
e tr
usse
s fo
ld n
eatly
unde
r th
e de
ck p
late
s, a
nd th
e un
its c
an b
est
acke
d. A
t the
bui
ldin
g si
te, t
he u
nit i
s lif
ted
by a
cra
ne, a
llow
ing
the
trus
ses
to s
win
g do
wn
into
thei
r pr
eset
cam
bere
d po
sitio
n. A
fter
the
unit
is li
fted
into
pla
ce a
nd jo
ined
to th
e pr
imar
ytr
usse
s, it
s up
per
deck
plat
e un
fold
s to
dou
ble
wid
th, s
o th
at a
uni
t 5 f
eet w
ide
in tr
ansi
t spa
ns10
fee
t in
wid
th w
hen
it is
in p
lace
. Fin
ally
, the
deck
pla
tes
are
wel
ded.
Col
umns
are
of
unif
orm
ext
erio
r di
men
sion
s,bu
t are
pro
vide
d in
var
ious
thic
knes
ses
of s
teel
to a
ccom
mod
ate
vari
ous
load
ing
cond
ition
s. T
he
syst
em p
rovi
des
at 5
foo
t int
erva
ls f
or s
pans
fro
m30
to 7
5 fe
et w
ith tr
usse
s 33
inch
es d
eep,
and
for
90 to
110
fee
t"gy
m s
ize"
with
trus
ses
57in
ches
dee
p. S
eism
ic o
r w
ind
brac
ing
was
exc
lude
dfr
om th
e bi
ddin
g an
d is
des
igne
d ac
cord
ing
to th
eju
dgm
ent o
f th
e in
divi
dual
sch
ool d
istr
ict's
arc
hi-
tect
and
str
uctu
ral e
ngin
eer.
The
low
bid
der
for
the
ceili
ng-l
ight
ing
syst
emw
as a
lso
Inla
nd S
teel
Pro
duct
s, a
gain
with
a d
esig
nby
Rob
erts
on W
ard.
It c
onsi
sts
of a
fiv
e-fo
ot-b
y-fi
ve-f
oot h
oriz
onta
l met
al g
rid
susp
ende
d fr
omth
e st
ruct
ure,
fla
t pan
els
to f
ill in
the
ceili
ng, a
ndlig
htin
g co
ffer
s th
at r
epla
ce th
e fl
at c
eilin
g pa
nels
whe
reve
r th
ey a
re n
eede
d. T
he c
offe
rs a
re f
ur-
nish
ed w
ith a
ny o
f th
ree
type
s of
ligh
tingd
irec
t,se
mi-
indi
rect
, or
lum
inou
s ce
iling
. The
se c
eilin
g-lig
htin
g el
emen
ts n
orm
ally
sup
ply
70 f
oot-
can-
dles
of
illum
inat
ion
for
acad
emic
are
as w
hile
fixt
ure
brig
htne
ss r
emai
ns v
ery
low
to m
eet S
CSD
spec
ific
atio
ns. B
oth
ceili
ng p
anel
s an
d co
ffer
sar
e of
pre
fini
shed
ste
el, m
atte
whi
te, w
ith m
in-
eral
woo
l bac
king
for
fir
epro
ofin
g w
hich
, whe
nth
e pa
nels
are
per
fora
ted,
doe
s do
uble
dut
y an
dse
rves
to a
bsor
b so
und.
The
air
-con
ditio
ning
con
trac
t was
won
by
Len
-no
x In
dust
ries
, Inc
., w
ith a
roo
ftop
uni
t whi
chno
rmal
ly s
erve
s up
to e
ight
sep
arat
e ar
eas
of45
0 sq
uare
fee
t eac
h th
roug
h 8
indi
vidu
alm
ixin
g bo
xes.
It c
an b
e or
dere
d w
ith 1
2 m
ixin
gbo
xes
to s
erve
12
zone
s, o
r m
ore
if n
eces
sary
. Aco
mbi
natio
n of
fix
ed a
nd f
lexi
ble
fibe
rgla
ss d
ucts
carr
ies
the
war
med
or
cool
ed a
ir to
str
ip d
iffu
s-er
s w
hich
fit
neat
ly in
to th
e In
land
cei
ling
sys-
tem
, as
part
of
the
com
patib
ility
that
was
sou
ght
thro
ugho
ut. T
he r
etur
n ai
r si
mpl
y co
mes
bac
k to
the
unit
thro
ugh
the
plen
um s
pace
bet
wee
n ro
of
and
ceili
ng. T
he h
eat-
exch
ange
r is
ord
inar
ilyga
s-fi
red
(alth
ough
ele
ctri
city
and
hot
wat
er c
anbe
use
d as
alte
rnat
e sy
stem
s), a
nd e
ach
unit
has
a fa
n to
pro
vide
exh
aust
fro
m th
e bu
ildin
g so
that
the
syst
em c
an b
e fe
d en
tirel
y by
out
side
air
if n
eces
sary
.Pa
rtiti
ons
wer
e di
vide
d by
SC
SD in
to f
our
grou
psfi
xed
part
ition
s th
at c
onve
ntio
nally
mak
eup
mos
t sch
ool i
nter
iors
, dem
ount
able
par
ti-tio
ns w
hich
sho
uld
be m
ovab
le w
ith m
inim
umtr
oubl
e an
d ex
pens
e, a
nd tw
o ty
pes
of p
artit
ions
whi
ch c
an b
e op
erat
ed b
y a
teac
herf
oldi
ng-
pane
l sty
le a
nd a
ccor
dion
sty
le.
The
suc
cess
ful b
idde
r fo
r fi
xed
and
dem
ount
-ab
le in
teri
or p
artit
ions
was
The
E. F
. Hau
serm
anC
ompa
ny w
ith a
sin
gle
prod
uct,
a w
all w
hich
isfi
xed
only
whe
n so
met
hing
els
e m
akes
it th
atw
ay, s
uch
as a
plu
mbi
ng li
ne r
unni
ng th
roug
h it.
The
inge
niou
s "H
ause
rman
Dou
ble
Wal
l" is
mou
nted
on
stee
l stu
ds w
hich
fit
at 4
0-in
ch in
ter-
vals
into
a s
teel
trac
k on
the
floo
r an
d ce
iling
. It
cons
ists
of
stee
l-co
vere
d gy
psum
pan
els
whi
chsn
ap in
to th
e st
uds
alon
g th
eir
full
leng
th. T
hew
all's
tota
l thi
ckne
ss is
thre
e in
ches
, and
eac
hpa
nel i
s se
para
tely
cha
ngea
ble.
The
wal
l is
prov
ided
in f
lat p
aint
, with
a c
hoic
eof
fie
ld-a
pplie
d co
lors
, or
with
a s
urfa
ce th
at w
illta
ke c
halk
, or
with
gla
ss p
anel
s of
var
ious
siz
es.
The
tota
l flo
or-t
o-ce
iling
cha
lk s
urfa
ce is
an
inno
-va
tion
that
app
eals
to te
ache
rs w
ho h
ave
used
it. N
ear
the
top
of th
e w
all i
s a
spec
ial m
oldi
ngfr
om w
hich
may
be
susp
ende
d ha
nger
s fo
r ca
bi-
nets
, boo
kshe
lves
, con
vent
iona
l cha
lkbo
ard,
tack
-bo
ard,
or
map
s an
d ch
arts
. Mag
nets
ena
ble
the
stee
l sur
face
to b
e us
ed a
s a
tack
boar
d, th
us m
ak-
ing
all p
artit
ions
edu
catio
nally
use
ful.
The
ope
rabl
e pa
rtiti
ons
wer
e re
quir
ed to
be
inde
pend
ently
sup
port
ed o
n th
eir
own
trus
ses
and
coln
mns
, to
mak
e th
em r
eally
rel
ocat
able
with
in th
e sc
hool
. Low
bid
der
for
the
pane
l typ
ew
as W
este
rn S
ky I
ndus
trie
s, w
hich
fur
nish
edpa
nels
that
mov
e in
gro
ups
of tw
os a
nd th
rees
on a
n ov
erhe
ad tr
ack,
and
may
be
fold
ed n
eatly
part
ially
ope
n so
that
any
des
ired
sec
tion
of th
epa
rtiti
on r
emai
ns in
pla
ce. T
o m
eet S
CSD
'sst
anda
rds
for
soun
d at
tenu
atio
n th
e fo
ldin
g w
all
has
an e
xpan
sion
dev
ice
to p
rovi
de a
snu
g fi
tag
ains
t the
flo
or a
nd c
eilin
g.H
ough
Man
ufac
turi
ng C
orpo
ratio
n's
acco
rdio
npa
rtiti
on is
a s
tand
ard
prod
uct m
odif
ied
to m
eet
SCSD
req
uire
men
ts. F
or a
cous
tical
sea
l the
par
ti-tio
n ha
s a
swee
p st
rip
at th
e bo
ttom
, but
am
echa
nica
l lif
t fre
es th
e pa
rtiti
on s
uppo
rt f
ram
ew
hen
nece
ssar
y, s
o it
can
easi
ly b
e op
erat
ed b
y a
stud
ent o
r a
93-p
ound
teac
her
in s
tilet
to h
eels
.L
ow b
idde
r fo
r ca
bine
ts a
nd la
bora
tory
sta
-tio
ns w
as E
duca
tors
Man
ufac
turi
ng C
ompa
ny,
whi
ch is
fur
nish
ing
a w
ide
rang
e of
flo
or a
ndhu
tch
cabi
nets
ran
ging
in h
eigh
t fro
m 3
0 to
84
inch
es, a
s w
ell a
s bo
th w
all a
nd is
land
labo
rato
ryco
mpo
nent
s. T
heir
mos
t rem
arka
ble
feat
ure
isth
at th
e dr
awer
s, d
oors
, and
adj
usta
ble
shel
ves
are
free
ly in
terc
hang
eabl
e, in
cab
inet
s of
the
sam
ew
idth
, usi
ng o
nly
a Ph
illip
s sc
rew
driv
er. D
raw
ers
are
10, 2
0, 4
0, a
nd 6
0 in
ches
wid
e an
d 3,
6, 9
, and
12 in
ches
dee
p. D
ivid
ers
perm
it, f
or e
xam
ple,
the
subd
ivis
ion
of a
60-
inch
-wid
e ca
bine
t int
o th
ree
20-i
nch
sect
ions
, tw
o of
whi
ch m
ight
be
give
ndo
ors
and
inte
rior
she
lvin
g, a
nd th
e th
ird
a ra
ckof
dra
wer
s in
any
com
bina
tion
that
fill
ed it
she
ight
.The
woo
den
cabi
nets
may
hav
e w
ood,
aci
d-re
sist
ant s
ynth
etic
sto
ne, o
r st
ainl
ess
stee
l top
s,
or m
elam
ine
plas
tic to
ps in
a c
hoic
e of
fou
r co
lors
.T
he d
oor
surf
aces
and
dra
wer
fro
nts
are
a m
ela-
min
e pl
astic
ava
ilabl
e in
fou
r co
lors
or
a si
mul
ated
woo
d gr
ain.
The
stu
dent
lock
er s
yste
m w
as g
iven
new
dim
ensi
ons
by S
CSD
to c
onfo
rm m
ore
clos
ely
than
trad
ition
al lo
cker
s to
the
habi
ts o
f th
e m
od-
ern
Cal
ifor
nia
stud
ent,
who
doe
sn't
brin
g to
scho
ol h
eavy
win
ter
garm
ents
to h
ang
up. T
hesp
ecif
icat
ions
als
o so
ught
to e
limin
ate
the
trad
i-tio
nal c
lang
ing
rack
et a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith lo
cker
s.T
his
cont
ract
was
won
by
Wor
ley
& C
o., w
hich
is s
uppl
ying
lock
ers
15 in
ches
hig
h, 1
5 in
ches
deep
, and
eith
er 1
5 or
20
inch
es w
ideu
nlik
e th
eus
ual t
all a
nd n
arro
w lo
cker
s. T
here
was
a c
on-
side
rabl
e sa
ving
in c
ost,
mak
ing
it po
ssib
le to
obta
in a
gal
vani
zed
lock
er f
or th
e pr
ice
of c
on-
vent
iona
l pai
nted
but
not
gal
vari
zed
ones
. Mai
n-te
nanc
e co
sts
for
conv
entio
nal l
ocke
rs in
man
ysc
hool
s ar
e ve
ry h
igh,
sin
ce p
aint
ing
is r
equi
red
ever
y tw
o to
thre
e ye
ars
to k
eep
rust
in c
heck
,es
peci
ally
nea
r th
e co
ast o
r w
here
lock
ers
are
plac
ed o
utdo
ors
unde
r ov
erha
ngs,
as
they
fre
-qu
ently
are
in C
alif
orni
a.N
atur
ally
, with
suc
h br
oad
rang
es o
f pr
oduc
ts,
the
fina
l pri
ce li
sts
are
elab
orat
e. T
hey
may
be
sum
med
up
by a
cal
cula
tion
mad
e by
the
SCSD
staf
f af
ter
the
bids
are
acc
epte
d. A
com
pari
son
was
mad
e be
twee
n th
e co
sts
of th
e m
ajor
com
-po
nent
s fo
r th
e SC
SD s
choo
ls a
nd s
imila
r co
sts
for
a gr
oup
of r
ecen
tly b
id C
alif
orni
a se
cond
ary
scho
ols
bein
g bu
ilt in
the
trad
ition
al w
ay. F
orth
e co
nven
tiona
l sch
ools
, str
uctu
re, c
eilin
g an
dlig
htin
g, h
eatin
g an
d ve
ntila
ting,
and
inte
rior
par
-tit
ions
cam
e to
abo
ut $
8.39
a s
quar
e fo
ot. T
heco
mpa
rabl
e SC
SD c
ompo
nent
cos
t wou
ld h
ave
been
$6.
85 p
er s
quar
e fo
ot.
Such
com
pari
sons
can
tell
only
par
t of
the
stor
y. F
or in
stan
ce, p
revi
ousl
y, h
igh
qual
ity a
irco
nditi
onin
g of
all
acad
emic
and
adm
inis
trat
ive
area
s ha
d be
en r
egar
ded
as u
neco
nom
ical
, or
impo
ssib
le w
ithin
the
Cal
ifor
nia
stat
e ai
d pr
o-vi
sion
s. C
oolin
g sy
stem
s of
the
nece
ssar
y fl
exi-
bilit
y w
ere
estim
ated
at a
bout
$4
a sq
uare
foo
t,co
mpa
red
with
an
aver
age
pric
e of
abo
ut $
1.70
paid
by
Cal
ifor
nia
scho
ols
for
heat
ing
-nd
vent
i-la
ting.
But
the
new
SC
SD s
yste
.ds
bid
at$2
.24
a sq
uare
foo
t by
Len
nox,
incl
udin
g a
five
-ye
ar m
aint
enan
ce c
ontr
act,
the
valu
e of
whi
chw
as a
ppro
xim
atel
y $.
30 p
er s
quar
e fo
ot. W
here
can
one
inse
rt in
to th
is c
ompa
riso
n a
dolla
r-an
d-ce
nts
figu
re f
or th
e be
nefi
ts o
f ai
r co
nditi
onin
g?Si
mila
rly,
it te
lls o
nly
part
of
the
stor
y to
say
that
the
SCSD
str
uctu
re w
as b
id a
t $1.
81 a
squa
re f
oot c
ompa
red
with
an
aver
age
conv
en-
tiona
l cos
t of
$3.2
4. W
hat i
s th
e do
llar-
and-
cent
sfi
gure
for
the
valu
e of
SC
SD's
long
spa
ns?
SCSD
'slig
htin
g sy
stem
was
bid
at $
1.31
a s
quar
e fo
otco
mpa
red
with
an
aver
age
cost
of
$1.6
7 fo
r th
eco
nven
tiona
l sch
ools
' cei
ling
and
light
ing,
but
wha
t is
the
adde
d va
lue
of it
s gl
are-
free
ligh
ting,
its v
isua
l attr
activ
enes
s, a
nd it
s re
adin
ess
for
inex
pens
ive
chan
ge?
Alto
geth
er th
e SC
SD w
ay is
mor
e ec
onom
ical
.B
ut it
is im
poss
ible
to s
ay h
ow m
uch
mor
e ec
o-no
mic
al it
is u
nles
s yo
u ca
n sa
y ho
w m
uch
mor
eyo
u w
ould
hav
e be
en w
illin
g to
pay
for
a s
choo
lth
at d
oesn
't ge
t in
the
way
of
the
educ
atio
nal p
ro-
gram
, and
add
that
into
the
savi
ngs.
The
com
pone
nt b
iddi
ng a
nd s
ubse
quen
t con
-st
ruct
ion
have
als
o pr
oduc
ed th
e so
rt o
f re
spon
sefr
om o
ther
man
ufac
ture
rs th
at w
as h
oped
for
, so
that
ther
e ar
e in
dica
tions
that
com
petit
ion
will
cont
inue
to k
eep
pric
es d
own
and
to r
educ
e su
chpr
oble
ms
as la
te d
eliv
erie
s of
cer
tain
com
pone
nts.
For
exam
ple,
a n
ew f
irm
cal
led
Com
patib
leD
esig
n Sy
stem
s, e
stab
lishe
d by
for
mer
Inl
and
empl
oyee
s, b
id s
ucce
ssfu
lly in
196
6 on
the
Silv
erC
reek
Hig
h Sc
hool
to b
e bu
ilt b
y th
e E
ast S
ide
dist
rict
, one
of
the
orig
inal
SC
SD d
istr
icts
,w
hich
is th
us c
ontin
uing
its
use
of th
e sy
stem
sap
proa
ch. T
he s
truc
tura
l sys
tem
of
the
new
com
-pa
ny is
com
pose
d of
ste
el c
ompo
nent
s bu
t the
yar
e bo
lted
toge
ther
rat
her
than
wel
ded,
as
in th
eIn
land
sys
tem
, and
they
are
pro
duci
ble
by lo
cal
indu
stry
rat
her
than
at a
sin
gle
plan
t.In
add
ition
to th
e B
utle
r M
anuf
actu
ring
Com
-pa
ny (
whi
ch h
as b
uilt
scho
ols
in L
as V
egas
,N
evad
a, o
ne in
Rho
de I
slan
d, a
nd o
ne in
Ind
iana
),an
othe
r co
mpe
titor
in s
truc
ture
is c
alle
d In
ter-
pace
Pre
cast
Con
cret
e Pr
oduc
tsus
ing
a sy
stem
sim
ilar
to o
ne d
esig
ned
by T
. Y. L
in a
nd d
evel
oped
by W
aile
s Pr
ecas
t Con
cret
e C
orpo
ratio
n. I
nter
-pa
ce b
uilt
an e
lem
enta
ry s
choo
l for
the
AB
CU
nifi
ed S
choo
l Dis
tric
t in
Haw
aiia
n G
arde
ns, C
al-
ifor
nia,
sou
thea
st o
f L
os A
ngel
es, b
ut s
o fa
r its
pric
e do
es n
ot a
ppea
r to
be
com
petit
ive
with
the
stee
l sys
tem
s fo
r on
e-st
ory
cons
truc
tion.
Ano
ther
man
ufac
ture
r w
ho h
as in
dica
ted
inte
r-es
t in
the
stru
ctur
al s
yste
m is
Mac
ombe
r, w
hich
,w
ith A
rmst
rong
fur
nish
ing
the
light
ing-
ceili
ngsy
stem
, has
ere
cted
a J
unio
r H
igh
Scho
ol in
Bir
min
gham
, Mic
higa
n.C
ompe
titor
s fo
r th
e L
enno
x ai
r-co
nditi
onin
gsy
stem
, whi
ch h
as p
rove
d hi
ghly
suc
cess
ful i
nco
mm
erci
al b
uild
ing,
hav
e al
read
y co
me
forw
ard.
Inla
nd's
ligh
ting
and
ceili
ng s
yste
m is
beg
in-
ning
to h
ave
com
petit
ion
from
Hau
serm
an, w
hose
prod
uct w
as u
sed
in th
e N
evad
a sc
hool
s w
ith th
eB
utle
r st
ruct
ure,
as
wel
l as
from
Arm
stro
ng,
Lum
inou
s C
eilin
gs, I
nc.,
and
Lok
Pro
duct
s.D
onn
Prod
ucts
, Hou
gh, a
nd W
eber
off
er c
om-
petit
ion
to H
ause
rman
's d
emou
ntab
le p
artit
ions
.H
ause
rman
and
New
cast
le P
rodu
cts
(Mod
em-
fold
) ch
alle
nge
Hou
gh's
ope
rabl
e pa
rth
syst
ems.
(W
este
rn S
ky's
ope
rabl
e pa
rtiti
on, i
n th
em
eant
ime,
has
bee
n ac
quir
ed b
y H
ough
.)A
s w
as a
lso
hope
d, th
e im
pact
of
the
new
pro
d-uc
ts h
as s
et o
ff s
econ
dary
rev
erbe
ratio
ns in
the
build
ing
indu
stry
, lea
ding
to d
evel
opm
ent o
f ne
wpr
oduc
ts n
ot c
onte
mpl
ated
by
SCSD
. One
not
-ab
le e
xam
ple
was
dev
elop
men
t by
the
Fast
exC
ompa
ny o
f a
line
of f
aste
ners
for
ser
vice
line
sin
the
SCSD
roo
f-ce
iling
-lig
htin
g "s
andw
ich,
"fa
r le
ss e
xpen
sive
than
the
conv
entio
nal f
aste
n-er
s w
ith w
hich
the
air-
cond
ition
ing
duct
s, e
lec-
tric
al c
ondu
it, a
nd o
ther
com
pone
nts
are
atta
ched
to th
e st
ruct
ural
trus
ses.
Ano
ther
inte
rest
ing
deve
lopm
ent o
ccur
red
atFu
llert
on, w
here
the
scho
ol a
dmin
istr
ator
sde
cide
d to
fre
e th
eir
teac
hers
fro
m c
lose
dep
en-
denc
e on
a p
artic
ular
cla
ssro
om b
y gi
ving
them
depa
rtm
enta
l off
ices
. In
the
offi
ce e
ach
teac
her
isto
hav
e a
com
pact
ly a
rran
ged
cubi
cle
with
a d
esk,
clos
et, d
raw
ers,
and
boo
kshe
lves
. Edu
cato
rs M
an-
ufac
turi
ng, w
hich
sup
plie
d th
e sc
hool
's S
CSD
cabi
nets
, pro
mpt
ly u
nder
took
to d
evel
op s
uch
cubi
cles
com
patib
ly w
ith it
s ot
her
furn
iture
.T
hus
SCSD
inno
vatio
ns a
re s
prea
ding
bey
ond
the
orig
inal
sys
tem
s.
\,-.
a.
\
if-
N.
4-ee
1
004
2
I
t
fA
A
.4
of
Alth
ough
Sch
ool C
onst
ruct
ion
Syst
ems
Dev
elop
-m
ent i
s cu
rren
tly c
ompl
etin
g its
ori
gina
l pro
gram
,ha
ving
arr
ange
d fo
r bi
ddin
g an
d co
nstr
uctio
n of
a gr
oup
of s
choo
ls o
n a
syst
ems
basi
s, c
lear
ly it
sul
timat
e ob
ject
ive
has
not y
et b
een
reac
hed.
Tha
tm
ust b
e to
bri
ng a
bout
a s
ituat
ion
in w
hich
any
indi
vidu
al s
choo
l pro
ject
may
obt
ain
genu
inel
yco
mpe
titiv
e bi
ddin
g of
sys
tem
aga
inst
sys
tem
with
out t
he n
eces
sari
ly c
lum
sy a
dmin
istr
ativ
ear
rang
emen
ts r
equi
red
by th
e or
igin
al d
evel
op-
men
t pro
gram
.A
s m
atte
rs s
tand
toda
y, th
e av
aila
ble
syst
ems
are
too
few
, and
thei
r pr
ices
and
pro
duct
ion
too
unce
rtai
n, f
or a
ssur
ance
that
they
will
com
pete
for
a si
ngle
sch
ool.
Alth
ough
com
petit
ion
appe
ars
to b
e de
velo
ping
, wou
ld it
be
desi
rabl
e to
org
an-
ize
a se
cond
rou
nd o
f sp
ecif
icat
ion
deve
lopm
ent,
prod
uct d
esig
n, a
nd m
ass
mar
ket b
iddi
ng?
Som
e of
the
supe
rint
ende
nts
who
par
ticip
ated
in th
e fi
rst r
ound
, inc
ludi
ng th
e fi
ve w
ho m
ade
upth
e C
omm
issi
on, a
re c
autio
usly
fav
orab
le. "
Ith
ink
we'
ll be
at i
t aga
in in
ano
ther
cou
ple
ofye
ars,
" sa
ys F
erd
J. K
iese
l of
the
San
Juan
dis
-tr
ict.
He
and
the
othe
rs p
oint
to n
umer
ous
scho
olco
mpo
nent
s th
at S
CSD
did
n't a
ttem
pt to
dea
lw
ithha
rdw
are,
plu
mbi
ng, t
oile
t par
titio
ns,
show
er r
oom
s, e
lect
rica
l wir
ing,
and
car
petin
g ar
eam
ong
thos
e m
entio
ned.
Mor
eove
r, th
ey n
ote,
tech
nolo
gy c
ontin
ues
to d
evel
op, a
nd th
e co
m-
pone
nts
that
this
yea
r re
flec
t adv
ance
d th
inki
ngm
ay b
e ob
sole
te o
nly
5 or
10
year
s fr
om n
ow.
Cha
nges
in s
choo
l pro
gram
s, to
o, a
re s
till
evol
ving
, with
gre
ater
use
of
teac
hing
mac
hine
s,co
mpu
ters
, and
oth
er s
peci
al e
quip
men
t, ne
wso
rts
of s
tude
nt s
ched
ulin
g, n
reat
er u
se o
f te
ache
rai
des
and
volu
ntee
r as
sist
ants
for
who
m e
xist
ing
31
scho
ols
prov
ide
no f
acili
tiesa
nd a
n in
crea
sed
unde
rsta
ndin
g by
man
y sc
hool
boa
rds
and
the
publ
ic th
at s
peci
aliz
ed s
choo
l pro
gram
s m
aym
eet r
eal n
eeds
and
not
be
mer
ely
"fri
lls."
SCSD
con
fine
d its
elf
to a
gro
up o
f m
ore
orle
ss h
omog
eneo
us d
istr
icts
in f
ast-
grow
ing
sub-
urba
n ar
easw
here
mos
t new
sch
ools
are
bei
ngbu
ilt. B
ut m
ight
it n
ot s
timul
ate
new
cre
ativ
eth
inki
ng if
som
e bi
g-ci
ty s
choo
ls w
ere
in th
epa
ckag
e, p
erha
ps m
ultis
tory
bui
ldin
gs to
be
built
on s
mal
l and
res
tric
ted
site
s? T
he T
oron
to a
ndPe
nnsy
lvan
ia p
roje
cts
will
off
er th
is c
halle
nge.
And
isn'
t the
pro
spec
tive
mar
ket o
ffer
ed b
y a
siza
ble
grou
p of
sch
ools
abs
olut
ely
nece
ssar
y to
evok
e re
al in
tere
st a
nd n
ew d
evel
opm
ent f
rom
man
ufac
ture
rs?
Isn'
t the
big
mar
ket o
f a
new
grou
p st
ill a
dvan
tage
ous
to o
btai
n th
e be
st p
os-
sibl
e pr
ices
?Su
peri
nten
dent
Fis
calin
i, th
e fi
rst t
o jo
in th
eSC
SD g
roup
, arg
ues
stro
ngly
that
the
exis
ting
team
sho
uld
be h
eld
toge
ther
and
new
wor
kst
arte
d so
on, m
akin
g us
e of
its
uniq
ue e
xper
ienc
e.H
e th
inks
par
ticip
atin
g di
stri
cts
get m
ore
out o
fth
e pr
ojec
t tha
n a
new
sch
ool,
beca
use
"thi
ste
ache
s yo
u m
ore
abou
t sch
ool b
uild
ing
than
you
coul
d le
arn
in a
ny o
ther
way
."Pr
esum
ably
a s
econ
d ro
und,
giv
en th
e ad
van-
tage
of
follo
win
g af
ter
the
pion
eer
wor
k, w
ould
not c
ost a
s m
uch
as th
e fi
rst.
It m
ight
be
fina
nced
by th
e di
stri
cts
them
selv
es if
they
wer
e to
con
-tr
ibut
e 1/
2 to
1 p
er c
ent o
f th
eir
expe
cted
bui
ld-
ing
cost
s as
an
SCSD
fee
.T
he w
ay f
or f
utur
e ro
unds
by th
is g
roup
, or
othe
rsha
s be
en le
ft w
ide
open
. Ear
ly in
its
deve
lopm
ent t
he o
rgan
izer
s as
sign
ed o
wne
rshi
pof
SC
SD to
the
trus
tees
of
Stan
ford
Uni
vers
ity,
with
the
unde
rsta
ndin
g th
at th
ey w
ould
mak
e its
find
ings
fre
ely
avai
labl
e, o
nly
forb
iddi
ng u
nau-
thor
ized
use
of
the
nam
e SC
SD it
self
."S
CSD
is a
n ap
proa
ch to
wor
k, b
ut n
ot a
way
for
a gr
oup
in C
alif
orni
a to
dev
elop
an
empi
re,"
Ehr
enkr
antz
has
rem
arke
d. B
ut in
spi
te o
f th
ein
dica
tions
of
enth
usia
sm, t
here
can
be
no c
er-
tain
ty a
bout
wha
t a s
econ
d de
velo
pmen
t rou
ndm
ight
acc
ompl
ish.
It h
as o
ften
bee
n as
sert
ed th
at th
e so
cial
str
uc-
ture
of
the
build
ing
indu
stry
str
angl
es m
ost
effo
rts
tow
ard
its te
chno
logi
cal m
oder
niza
tion.
Wha
t mig
ht th
e co
st o
f an
aut
omob
ile b
e, it
has
been
ask
ed, i
f th
e po
wer
ful c
ombi
natio
n of
sta
tean
d lo
cal b
uild
ing
and
safe
ty c
odes
, 19
trad
eun
ions
, 5 p
ower
ful m
echa
nica
l ass
ocia
tions
, and
a lo
ng h
isto
rica
l tra
ditio
n re
quir
ed th
at p
art o
fth
e ca
r be
bui
lt on
the
spot
by
hand
and
all
of it
asse
mbl
ed th
ere
by a
n el
abor
atel
y sp
ecia
lized
staf
f, u
sing
non
stan
dard
ized
par
ts f
rom
a w
ide
vari
ety
of in
dust
rial
man
ufac
ture
rs?
If S
CSD
fou
nd th
is s
ituat
ion
less
hop
eles
s th
anm
any
othe
rs h
ave,
the
reas
on m
ay b
e th
at it
didn
't tr
y to
for
ce it
s w
ay th
roug
h th
e ob
stac
les,
but i
nste
ad a
ttem
pted
to c
onsi
der
the
view
poin
tof
eve
ryon
e co
ncer
ned.
"W
e di
d ou
r be
st to
wor
kw
ith c
ontr
acto
rs, u
nion
s, a
rchi
tect
s, e
ngin
eers
,an
d co
de e
nfor
cem
ent a
genc
ies,
and
to g
ain
thei
rco
nfid
ence
and
win
thei
r w
illin
g co
nsen
t," s
ays
Ehr
enkr
antz
. He
desc
ribe
s w
hat o
ccur
red
as "
aga
me
of m
usic
al c
hair
s, b
ut w
ithou
t tak
ing
any-
one'
s ch
air
away
." M
ost p
eopl
e, h
e be
lieve
s,ar
ew
illin
g to
mak
e ch
ange
s if
eve
ryon
e el
se m
ust
mak
e ch
ange
s, to
o, f
or a
des
irab
le g
oalin
this
case
, bet
ter
scho
ols.
Hen
ce it
was
mad
e pl
ain
that
eve
ryon
e w
as g
ivin
g so
met
hing
man
ufac
-
ture
rs h
ad to
spe
nd o
n ne
w d
evel
opm
ent,
unio
nsto
acc
ept m
ore
pref
abri
cate
d pa
rts
than
bef
ore,
arch
itect
s to
wor
k fr
om a
nov
el c
atal
ogue
, and
soon
dow
n th
e lin
e. "
In o
rder
to m
ake
prog
ress
with
thes
e pr
oble
ms,
" sa
ys E
hren
kran
tz, "
I th
ink
you
mus
t fin
d a
way
to s
prea
d th
e bu
rden
,so
that
it do
esn'
t fal
l on
any
sing
le g
roup
alo
ne."
Not
all
of th
e pr
oble
ms
the
scho
olm
en w
ould
like
to ta
ckle
lend
them
selv
es to
suc
h so
lutio
nsto
day,
he
belie
ves.
Des
pite
this
cau
tion,
he
con-
cede
s th
at f
urth
er p
rogr
ess
prob
ably
can
and
shou
ld b
e m
ade.
If
it ca
n be
car
ried
far
eno
ugh,
ther
e is
muc
h to
be
gain
ed. O
ne r
emar
kabl
epo
s-si
bilit
y th
at S
CSD
hol
ds f
orth
to b
oth
build
ers
and
user
s of
bui
ldin
gs is
the
real
izat
ion
of r
eally
chan
geab
le s
pace
.A
rchi
tect
s ha
ve lo
ng c
onsi
dere
da
fund
amen
tal
of th
eir
art t
o be
the
encl
osin
g an
d sh
apin
g of
spac
e. E
spec
ially
in th
e m
oder
n pe
riod
gre
atat
tent
ion
has
been
pai
d to
just
how
peo
ple
use
thei
r ar
chite
ctur
al s
pace
s, s
o th
at th
ey m
ight
be
mol
ded
in th
e m
ost d
esir
able
or, s
ome
have
sai
d,th
e m
ost "
func
tiona
l"w
ay th
at te
chno
logy
mak
es p
ossi
ble.
But
up
to n
ow li
ttle
atte
ntio
n ha
s be
en p
aid,
exce
pt in
maj
or o
ffic
e bu
ildin
gs, t
o th
e fa
ct th
atth
e w
ay th
e sp
aces
are
use
dfor
exa
mpl
e, th
ew
aya
fam
ily u
ses
its h
omei
s a
cont
inua
l pro
cess
of
chan
ge. C
hild
ren
grow
, and
then
leav
e ho
me,
indi
vidu
al in
tere
sts
chan
ge u
npre
dict
ably
, the
surr
ound
ing
soci
ety
chan
ges
and
com
pels
the
fam
ily to
cha
nge,
and
life
is f
ull o
f un
expe
cted
circ
umst
ance
s. S
houl
d no
t the
hom
e, o
r th
esc
hool
, or
any
build
ing,
als
o be
cap
able
of
chan
ge?
SCSD
arc
hite
ct C
hris
toph
er A
rnol
d su
gges
tsth
at th
e pr
oble
m w
as w
ell s
olve
d in
mid
dle-
clas
s
Vic
tori
an h
omes
by
the
prov
isio
n of
all
sort
s an
dsh
apes
of
room
s, w
ith lo
ts o
f ex
tra
spac
e, s
o th
atal
mos
t any
act
ivity
cou
ld s
omeh
ow b
e ac
com
mo-
date
d by
a li
ttle
shif
ting
arou
nd. B
ut to
day
spac
eha
s be
com
e m
ore
expe
nsiv
e an
d lim
ited.
It m
ay b
e, th
en, t
hat a
maj
or c
ontr
ibut
ion
ofSC
SD w
ill p
rove
in th
e lo
ng r
un to
be
the
new
thin
king
it h
as b
roug
ht to
bui
ldin
g fl
exib
ility
,us
eful
not
onl
y fo
r th
e sc
hool
s th
at e
licite
d it
but f
or m
any
othe
r so
rts
of b
uild
ing
as w
ell.
Inth
ese
SCSD
sch
ools
the
educ
atio
nal t
ask
will
cont
inue
to d
eter
min
e th
e sp
ace
rath
er th
anth
e sp
ace
dete
rmin
e th
e ta
sk a
s is
so
ofte
n th
eca
se to
day.
But
SC
SD's
pri
ncip
al c
ontr
ibut
ion,
nat
ural
ly,
will
be
in th
e sy
stem
s ap
proa
ch to
bui
ldin
g, if
that
can
be
carr
ied
to f
ull d
evel
opm
ent f
or th
esc
hool
s an
d ot
her
build
ings
. Ehr
enkr
antz
spe
aks
of w
hat s
yste
ms
can
offe
r an
arc
hite
ct a
sa
"key
-bo
ard"
or
a "p
alet
te"
rath
er th
an a
s an
y so
rt o
fre
stri
ctio
n. A
nd a
rtis
ts a
nd m
usic
ians
hav
e no
tfo
und
that
abs
olut
ely
unlim
ited
pale
ttes
or k
ey-
boar
ds a
re n
eede
d to
pro
duce
spl
endi
d ef
fect
s.Fu
rthe
r de
velo
pmen
t sho
uld
open
up
the
pros
-pe
ct th
at n
umer
ous
syst
ems
com
patib
le w
ith e
ach
othe
r m
ay b
e cr
eate
d. A
s E
hren
kran
tz p
oint
s ou
t,th
e te
chno
logi
cal o
ppor
tuni
ties
in th
e U
nite
dSt
ates
are
far
gre
ater
than
in E
ngla
nd, s
o th
atth
ere
is a
n op
port
unity
for
a m
ultip
le s
yste
m"i
n w
hich
few
thin
gs a
re f
ixed
, but
eve
ryth
ing
is r
elat
ed."
Tha
t ope
ns a
daz
zlin
g pr
ospe
ct, a
ndno
t onl
y fo
r th
e sc
hool
s, b
ut f
or a
ll ty
pes
ofbu
ildin
gs a
s w
ell.
SCSD
is a
fir
st s
tep,
rad
ical
inm
any
way
s,tim
id in
oth
ers,
whi
ch s
ugge
sts
a ne
w a
nd v
ital
way
for
the
build
ing
indu
stry
to w
ork
tow
ard
the
satis
fact
ion
of s
ocie
ty's
nee
dsne
eds
for
both
larg
er q
uant
ities
and
, mor
e im
port
antly
,fo
r hi
gher
qua
litie
s in
bui
ldin
gs to
ans
wer
the
mor
e co
mpl
ex r
equi
rem
ents
of
the
pres
ent a
ndth
e fu
ture
. It p
oint
s to
bui
ldin
gs m
ore
resp
onsi
veto
the
ultim
ate
user
s in
a s
ocie
ty in
crea
sing
lydo
min
ated
by
rapi
d ch
ange
.4
11"
4if
Edu
catio
nal R
equi
rem
ents
The
edu
catio
nal r
equi
rem
ents
as
they
wer
e de
velo
ped
by th
e va
rious
dis
tric
ts a
nd b
y th
e S
CS
D s
taff
cove
red
the
follo
win
g to
pics
: ins
truc
tiona
lgr
oupi
ngs,
flexi
bilit
y, s
choo
l org
aniz
atio
n, a
nd g
ener
alen
viro
nmen
tal r
equi
rem
ents
.
Inst
ruct
iona
l gro
upin
gs
In s
tudy
ing
the
requ
irem
ents
of t
hepa
rtic
ipat
ing
dist
ricts
, SC
SD
iden
tifie
d a
varie
ty o
f pos
sibl
ein
stru
ctio
nal g
roup
s, a
ll of
whi
ch w
ere
take
n in
toac
coun
t in
the
deve
lopm
enta
l wor
k w
hich
follo
wed
.
activ
ity:
indi
vidu
al w
ork
smal
l gro
up
conv
entio
nal c
lass
med
ium
gro
up
larg
e gr
oup
asse
mbl
y
stud
ents
:
1
3 to
15
15 to
40
40 to
80
80 to
150
150
and
up
teac
hers
:
0 or
1
0 or
1
1 or
2
1 or
2
1 or
2
1 or
mor
e
inst
ruct
iona
l gro
ups a
oror
oror
or
teac
hers
3+,3
5
ti
Fkx
1bIli
ty
The
sch
ool d
istr
icts
' req
uire
men
ts fo
r va
rious
type
s of
flexi
bilit
y w
ere
clea
r, b
ut th
e de
finiti
ons
wer
e no
tpr
ecis
e en
ough
to g
uide
com
pone
nt fa
bric
ator
s. O
neof
the
task
s of
the
SC
SD
sta
ff w
as to
rel
ate
educ
atio
nal
flexi
bilit
y to
pre
cise
req
uire
men
ts fo
r th
e bu
ildin
gsy
stem
. The
SC
SD
sta
ff sa
w th
e ed
ucat
ors'
dem
ands
as ta
king
four
bas
ic fo
rms,
eac
h of
whi
ch h
ad im
port
for
the
syst
em. T
hese
are
:
spat
ial v
arie
ty
imm
edia
te c
hang
e
Spa
tial V
arie
ty
The
inst
ruct
iona
l gro
upin
gs c
ited
abov
e ca
ll fo
r a
varie
ty o
f spa
ce s
izes
and
func
tiona
l cap
abili
ties.
In a
larg
e sc
hool
, a v
arie
ty o
f spa
ces,
com
bine
d w
ithef
fect
ive
sche
dulin
g, c
an p
rovi
de o
ptio
ns in
the
use
ofth
e fa
cilit
y w
hich
are
a m
ode
of fl
exib
ility
. Som
e of
thes
e sp
aces
may
be
quite
spe
cial
ized
: mus
ic r
oom
s,ph
ysic
al e
duca
tion
faci
litie
s, v
ocat
iona
l lab
orat
orie
s,an
d sc
ienc
e la
bora
torie
s. O
ther
spa
ces
prov
ide
for
vary
ing
degr
ees
of m
ulti-
use
capa
bilit
y.
1 1
Imm
edia
te C
hang
e
In th
e da
y-to
-day
ope
ratio
n of
the
scho
ol, i
t sho
uld
be p
ossi
ble
to c
onve
rt c
erta
in s
pace
s im
med
iate
ly w
ithan
abs
olut
e m
inim
um o
f tim
e an
d ef
fort
. Suc
h ch
ange
sar
e ap
t to
be n
eces
sary
dur
ing
the
scho
ol d
ay, a
ndge
nera
lly ta
ke th
e fo
rm o
f tem
pora
rily
redu
cing
or e
xpan
ding
spa
ces
in o
rder
to s
epar
ate
or b
ring
toge
ther
gro
ups
or a
ctiv
ities
. Suc
h fle
xibi
lity
acco
m-
plis
hed
prim
arily
by
oper
able
wal
ls, r
eadi
ly m
oved
by te
ache
r or
stu
dent
, but
mov
able
furn
iture
and
spac
e di
vide
rs m
ay a
lso
be u
sed.
Long
-ran
ge C
hang
eabi
lity
The
des
ign
of th
e bu
ildin
g sh
ould
per
mit
rear
rang
emen
tof
inte
rior
part
ition
s in
ord
er to
faci
litat
e ch
ange
s in
the
teac
hing
pro
gram
and
the
resu
lting
red
istr
ibut
ion
ofst
uden
ts, t
each
ers,
and
equ
ipm
ent.
The
SC
SD
sta
ffre
cogn
ized
that
mov
emen
t of p
artit
ions
alo
ne d
oes
not
answ
er th
is r
equi
rem
ent f
ully
and
that
the
impl
icat
ions
of m
ovin
g pa
rtiti
ons
on o
ther
sub
syst
ems
may
gov
ern
the
degr
ee o
f fle
xibi
lity
abso
lute
ly. A
mon
g th
efu
nctio
ns in
volv
ed a
re th
e re
loca
tion
of :
supp
ly a
ndre
turn
air
diffu
sers
; duc
twor
k; th
erm
osta
ts; c
ontr
ol li
nes;
elec
tric
out
lets
; con
duits
; sw
itche
s; a
nd li
ghtin
g fix
-tu
res.
Als
o in
volv
ed a
re th
e ef
fect
on
floor
ing
mat
eria
ls a
nd w
all-m
ount
ed fu
rnitu
re.
Suc
h ch
ange
s ar
e a
form
of r
emod
elin
g; b
ut to
be
real
istic
ally
use
ful t
o th
e sc
hool
s th
ey m
ust i
nvol
ve a
min
imum
of e
xpen
se a
nd, w
here
pos
sibl
e, s
houl
dre
quire
onl
y re
gula
r sc
hool
per
sonn
el o
r m
inim
al o
utsi
debu
ildin
g la
bor
to c
ompl
ete.
long
-ran
ge c
hang
eabi
lity
expa
nsio
n
Exp
ansi
on
The
sch
ool b
uild
ing
shou
ld b
e pl
anne
d in
suc
h a
way
that
incr
ease
s in
enr
ollm
ent m
ay b
e ac
com
mod
ated
by
an o
rder
ly e
xpan
sion
of f
acili
ties.
By
orde
rly w
e m
ean
the
cam
pus
mus
t acc
omm
odat
e gr
owth
with
a m
inim
umof
dem
oliti
ons,
inte
rrup
tions
, and
cos
t, an
d al
so th
atth
e sc
hool
mus
t be
a su
cces
sful
arc
hite
ctur
al a
nded
ucat
iona
l ent
ity a
t eac
h st
age
of d
evel
opm
ent.
Exp
ansi
on is
larg
ely
a m
atte
r of
pla
n ar
rang
emen
tof
the
scho
ol b
y its
arc
hite
ct a
nd p
rogr
amin
g by
the
scho
ol d
istr
ict.
How
ever
, the
cha
ract
eris
tic p
atte
rnof
exp
ansi
on o
f Cal
iforn
ia s
choo
ls (
seve
ral S
CS
Dsc
hool
s w
ere
plan
ned
for
expa
nsio
n w
ithin
the
two-
year
build
ing
perio
d of
the
proj
ect i
tsel
f) te
nded
to fa
vor
a un
itize
d he
atin
g-ve
ntila
ting-
air-
cond
ition
ing
syst
em a
sa
solu
tion
to th
e gr
owth
of t
he m
echa
nica
l sys
tem
.
L
The
se fo
ur m
odes
of f
lexi
bilit
y di
rect
ly in
fluen
ced
the
spec
ifica
tions
in a
var
iety
of s
ubst
antia
l way
s.T
heir
influ
ence
is p
artic
ular
ly s
tron
g on
the
rang
e of
stru
ctur
al s
pans
and
cei
ling
heig
hts.
Scho
ol o
rgan
izat
ion
The
des
ign
of th
e sc
hool
bui
ldin
g ca
n ei
ther
enh
ance
or li
mit
the
adm
inis
trat
or's
free
dom
in p
lann
ing
the
way
in w
hich
the
occu
pant
s an
d ac
tiviti
es o
f the
sch
ool
will
be
orga
nize
d. A
fter
cons
ulta
tions
with
the
scho
oldi
stric
ts, S
CS
D d
efin
ed th
e fo
llow
ing
as o
rgan
izat
iona
lpa
ttern
s th
at s
houl
d be
pos
sibl
e w
ithin
the
use
of th
e sy
stem
pro
duct
s:
1. A
rran
gem
ents
bas
ed o
n cu
rric
ular
div
isio
ns;
i.e. s
choo
ls o
rgan
ized
aro
und
depa
rtm
enta
l or
divi
sion
al g
roup
ings
suc
h as
sci
ence
, soc
ial s
tudi
es,
lang
uage
s, b
usin
ess
educ
atio
n, e
tc.
2. A
rran
gem
ents
bas
ed o
n fu
nctio
nal d
ivis
ions
:i.e
. lec
ture
roo
ms,
sta
ndar
d cl
assr
oom
s, s
emin
arro
oms,
offi
ces,
voc
atio
nal s
ubje
cts,
etc
.
3. S
ubsc
hool
(sc
hool
-with
in-a
-sch
ool)
arra
ngem
ents
;or
gani
zatio
n of
the
stud
ent b
ody
and
facu
lty in
uni
tsla
rger
than
the
clas
s or
dep
artm
ent b
ut s
mal
ler
than
the
scho
ol.
In g
ener
al, t
hese
org
aniz
atio
nal t
ypes
are
inde
pend
ent
of b
uild
ing
size
and
spa
ce c
onfig
urat
ions
as
expr
esse
dby
a b
uild
ing
stru
ctur
e. O
rgan
izat
ions
tend
to a
ffect
the
disp
ositi
on o
f bui
ldin
gs, i
n a
cam
pus
plan
, or
the
disp
ositi
on o
f spa
ces,
in a
loft
plan
. The
se a
refu
nctio
ns o
f the
pro
gram
and
the
arch
itect
's d
esig
n.G
ener
al p
aram
eter
s fo
r bu
ildin
g st
ruct
ures
in S
CS
Dte
nded
to b
e la
rgel
y a
func
tion
of c
odes
, whi
ch li
mit
size
of b
uild
ings
in r
elat
ion
to a
fire
pro
tect
ion
clas
sific
atio
n, a
nd o
f gen
eral
des
ign
cons
ider
atio
n. F
orin
stan
ce, t
he fa
ct th
at a
ll S
CS
D s
choo
ls w
ere
onsu
burb
an s
ites
with
rea
sona
bly
ampl
e ac
reag
ede
term
ined
the
typo
logy
of t
he S
CS
D s
truc
ture
as
pred
omin
antly
one
-sto
ry. T
he lo
ft pl
an ty
pe o
f bui
ldin
gem
brac
ing
seve
ral d
epar
tmen
ts d
eriv
es fr
om th
e de
sire
to k
eep
very
larg
e sc
hool
s of
2-3
,000
stu
dent
sfr
om b
ecom
ing
disp
erse
d.
33us
P)
Gen
eral
env
ironm
enta
l req
uire
men
ts
The
SC
SD
env
ironm
enta
l spe
cific
atio
ns a
im to
pro
vide
cond
ition
s in
whi
ch th
e ac
tiviti
es o
f the
sch
ool a
reca
rrie
d on
in c
omfo
rtab
le s
urro
undi
ngs.
Pre
cise
req
uire
men
ts fo
r lig
htin
g, th
erm
al e
nviro
nmen
t,an
d ac
oust
ics
are
by n
o m
eans
uni
vers
ally
agr
eed
upon
.S
CS
D w
as n
ot in
a p
ositi
on to
inst
itute
bas
ic r
esea
rch
in a
ll th
ese
area
s. B
ut th
e S
CS
D s
taff
stud
ied
all a
vail-
able
dat
a fr
om r
esea
rch
on e
duca
tiona
l, in
dust
rial,
and
offic
e en
viro
nmen
ts. T
he p
erfo
rman
ce s
tand
ards
wer
ere
late
d to
the
econ
omic
con
text
in w
hich
Cal
iforn
iasc
hool
s ar
e bu
ilt. I
n ad
ditio
n, c
urre
nt a
ccep
ted
stan
dard
sfo
r C
alifo
rnia
sch
ools
wer
e an
impo
rtan
t con
side
ratio
n.T
he s
peci
ficat
ions
wer
e w
ritte
n so
that
dev
elop
men
tw
ork
wou
ld b
e ne
cess
ary
to r
aise
the
envi
ronm
enta
lst
anda
rds
with
in th
e ec
onom
ic c
onte
xt a
nd th
us to
rai
seth
e ge
nera
l lev
el o
f env
ironm
ent i
n th
ese
scho
ols
toas
clo
se to
the
optim
um a
s po
ssib
le. S
peci
ficpr
oble
ms
to w
hich
atte
ntio
n w
as d
irect
ed w
ere:
1. L
ight
ing
The
spe
cific
atio
ns w
ere
orie
nted
to th
e w
ork
of th
eC
alifo
rnia
Bur
eau
of S
choo
l Pla
nnin
g in
dem
andi
ngfa
irly
high
ove
r-al
l illu
min
atio
n le
vels
com
bine
d w
ithbr
ight
ness
lim
itatio
ns to
avo
id g
lare
. The
req
uire
men
tsai
med
to r
ecog
nize
the
varie
ty o
f vis
ual t
asks
whi
choc
cur
in s
choo
ls a
nd th
e va
ryin
g ey
esig
ht c
apab
ilitie
sof
the
stud
ents
and
sta
ff.
2. T
herm
al E
nviro
nmen
tA
hig
h de
gree
of c
omfo
rt w
as c
onsi
dere
d ne
cess
ary,
part
icul
arly
in v
iew
of t
he te
nden
cy to
war
d in
crea
sing
use
of s
choo
ls d
urin
g th
e su
mm
er m
onth
s. T
he r
equi
re-
men
ts a
lso
reco
gniz
ed th
e di
ffere
nces
in th
erm
al n
eeds
amon
g pe
ople
. Thi
s su
gges
ted
a sp
ecifi
catio
n w
ithre
fined
zon
ing
and
cont
rol c
apab
ilitie
s.
3. A
cous
tics
The
pro
blem
of s
ound
tran
smis
sion
bet
wee
n sp
aces
,pa
rtic
ular
ly w
here
dem
ount
able
and
ope
rabl
e w
alls
are
to b
e us
ed, w
as b
asic
. Thi
s re
sulte
d in
clo
se a
ttent
ion
in th
e sp
ecifi
catio
ns to
com
patib
ility
of a
cous
ticst
anda
rds
betw
een
diffe
rent
par
titio
n ty
pes
and
the
ceili
ng. I
nfor
mat
ion
obta
ined
from
EF
L's
Rei
d-F
itzro
yre
port
* re
sulte
d in
set
ting
a re
lativ
ely
low
aco
ustic
crite
rion
but r
equi
ring
that
it b
e m
et in
fiel
d te
sts
ofth
e sy
stem
rat
her
than
rel
ying
on
labo
rato
ry te
sts
ofth
e va
rious
com
pone
nts
cons
ider
ed s
ingl
y.
*Aco
ustic
al E
nviro
nmen
t of S
choo
l Bui
ldin
gs b
y D
arie
lF
itzro
y an
d Jo
hn L
yon
Rei
d, 1
963,
Edu
catio
nal F
acili
ties
Labo
rato
ries,
Inc.
SC
SD
Sys
tem
Per
form
ance
Spe
cific
atio
ns
4S
Intr
oduc
tion
The
per
form
ance
spe
cific
atio
ns, p
ublis
hed
in tw
ose
ctio
ns b
y S
CS
D in
Jul
y of
196
3 an
d Ju
ly o
f 196
4,w
ere
of a
tech
nica
l nat
ure
and
cove
red
each
sut
syst
emin
gre
at d
etai
l. T
he s
peci
ficat
ion
clau
ses
that
hat
the
mos
t effe
ct o
n th
e de
sign
of t
he c
ompo
nent
s td
des
tabl
ishe
d th
e ne
cess
ary
type
and
deg
ree
of c
ompa
t-ib
ility
bet
wee
n su
bsys
tem
s ar
e in
clud
ed in
abr
idge
dfo
rm h
ere.
In a
dditi
on, s
ome
com
men
t is
adde
d to
indi
cate
the
deriv
atio
n of
spe
cific
req
uire
men
ts.
Bas
ic g
uide
lines
for
the
spec
ifica
tions
wer
e de
rived
from
eig
ht m
ain
cons
ider
atio
ns. T
hese
wer
e:1.
Dire
ct E
duca
tiona
l Req
uire
men
tsT
here
wer
e tw
o pr
imar
y re
quire
men
ts to
be
met
: one
was
the
need
for
flexi
bilit
y w
hich
per
mea
ted
the
who
leco
ncep
t of t
he S
CS
D s
yste
m a
nd th
e sp
ecifi
catio
nsw
hich
bro
ught
it in
to b
eing
; the
oth
er w
as th
e es
tab-
lishm
ent o
f var
ious
spe
cial
fact
ors
whi
ch r
elat
ed d
irect
lyto
the
dim
ensi
onal
cho
ice
for
the
stru
ctur
al s
yste
m.
Fle
xibi
lity
and
spat
ial r
equi
rem
ents
con
side
red
inco
mbi
natio
n re
sulte
d in
the
gene
ral c
once
pt o
f aw
ide
span
pla
nar
umbr
ella
with
in w
hich
the
mai
nse
rvic
es a
re c
once
ntra
ted
and
belo
w w
hich
the
part
ition
s m
ove.
2. C
odes
and
Reg
ulat
ions
The
SC
SD
sys
tem
was
sub
ject
to a
ll st
ate
(but
not
loca
l)co
des,
and
the
requ
irem
ents
of t
he S
tate
Fire
Mar
shal
.T
he S
tate
Offi
ce o
f Arc
hite
ctur
e an
d C
onst
ruct
ion
grea
tly in
fluen
ced
the
syst
em. T
his
offic
e do
es a
thor
ough
che
ck o
f eve
ry s
choo
l bui
ldin
g de
sign
edfo
r th
e st
ate,
par
ticul
arly
from
the
poin
t of v
iew
of
eart
hqua
ke p
rote
ctio
n, a
nd h
as w
ide
auth
ority
ove
rsc
hool
bui
ldin
g co
nstr
uctio
n.A
n ex
ampl
e of
the
code
influ
ence
on
the
syst
em w
asth
e de
finiti
on o
f bui
ldin
g si
ze in
rel
atio
n to
fire
clas
sific
atio
n. A
s a
Typ
e IV
one
-hou
r bu
ildin
g sy
stem
,S
CS
D s
truc
ture
s w
ould
be,
by
code
, lim
ited
to a
max
imum
of 4
3,50
0 sq
uare
feet
with
sep
arat
ion
betw
een
units
req
uire
d if
the
tota
l sch
ool e
xcee
ded
this
siz
e.F
ire r
equi
rem
ents
str
ongl
y in
fluen
ced
the
ceili
ngan
d he
atin
g-ve
ntila
ting-
cool
ing
spec
ifica
tions
. The
perm
issi
on to
use
an
unsu
bdiv
ided
ret
urn
plen
um fo
rth
e ai
r di
strib
utio
n sy
stem
mad
e si
gnifi
cant
econ
omie
s po
ssib
le.
3. R
equi
rem
ents
Intr
insi
c to
the
Nat
ure
of th
e S
yste
mS
yste
ms
have
cer
tain
req
uire
men
ts w
hich
may
be
ofsi
gnifi
canc
e on
ly to
that
sys
tem
. For
exa
mpl
e, th
e5
foot
cei
ling
mod
ule
resu
lted
prim
arily
from
two
caus
esth
e ec
onom
y of
usi
ng s
tand
ard
4 fo
ot fl
uore
scen
ttt:
bes
and
the
fact
that
the
use
of tw
o su
ch tu
bes
per
25 s
quar
e fe
et w
as a
ppar
ently
an
econ
omic
al w
ayto
ach
ieve
the
leve
l of 7
0 fo
ot-c
andi
es w
hile
res
pect
ing
the
desi
red
brig
htne
ss r
atio
lim
itatio
ns. T
his
requ
ire-
men
t of t
he li
ghtin
g sy
stem
was
the
prim
ary
influ
ence
in d
eter
min
ing
the
who
le h
oriz
onta
l str
uctu
ral m
odul
e.
4. C
ompa
tibili
ty R
equi
rem
ents
bet
wee
n S
ubsy
stem
sT
he n
eed
for
subs
yste
ms
to b
e de
sign
ed c
ompa
tibly
from
thei
r in
cept
ion
led
to th
e m
anda
tory
com
patib
lebi
ddin
g ar
rang
emen
t whe
reby
str
uctu
re, h
eatin
g-ve
ntila
ting-
cool
ing,
and
ligh
ting-
ceili
ng s
yste
ms
had
to b
e cr
oss-
refe
renc
ed to
be
acce
ptab
le. T
he"s
andw
ich"
dep
th o
f 36
inch
es fo
r ac
adem
ic s
pace
sw
as a
rriv
ed a
t thr
ough
con
side
ratio
n of
duc
t req
uire
-m
ents
, the
nee
d fo
r ap
prox
imat
ely
18 in
ches
of d
epth
for
the
indi
rect
ligh
ting
syst
em, a
nd th
e ca
pabi
lity
of s
truc
ture
s fo
r ac
adem
ic a
reas
to s
pan
up to
75
feet
econ
omic
ally
.5.
Lab
or a
nd C
ontr
acto
r In
fluen
ceC
once
rn a
bout
pot
entia
l jur
isdi
ctio
nal d
ispu
tes
cont
ribut
ed to
the
deci
sion
not
to d
evel
op a
plu
mbi
ngsu
bsys
tem
, eve
n th
ough
tech
nica
l stu
dies
had
sho
wn
the
feas
ibili
ty o
f con
side
rabl
e co
st-s
avin
g. S
imila
rly, i
tw
as fe
lt ad
visa
ble
to le
ave
pow
er w
iring
to th
e ge
nera
lco
ntra
ct w
ork
and
rest
rict w
iring
to th
at fr
om th
elig
htin
g fix
ture
s to
a ju
nctio
n bo
x.6.
Pre
dict
ed In
dust
ry C
apab
ility
The
spe
cifie
d cr
iteria
wer
e ai
med
to b
e ju
st o
ut o
fre
ach
of c
atal
ogue
com
pone
nts
with
in th
e pr
ice
cont
ext
of s
tate
-aid
ed s
choo
ls. U
ncer
tain
ty o
f ind
ustr
y ca
pabi
lity
with
in th
e pr
ojec
t cos
t con
text
res
ulte
d in
the
deci
sion
not t
o ca
ll fo
r a
light
sw
itchi
ng s
yste
m to
mat
ch th
efle
xibi
lity
of th
e lig
htin
g sy
stem
itse
lf. S
imila
r ca
utio
nre
sulte
d in
the
deci
sion
to r
estr
ict h
eatin
g-ve
ntila
ting-
air-
cond
ition
ing
cont
rol z
ones
to 4
50 s
quar
e fe
et w
here
as22
5 w
ould
hav
e be
en m
ore
desi
rabl
e (f
or a
dmin
-is
trat
ion
area
s, fo
r ex
ampl
e). T
hese
dec
isio
ns w
ere
base
d pr
imar
ily o
n ta
lks
with
man
ufac
ture
rs d
urin
g th
ew
ritin
g of
the
spec
ifica
tions
and
als
o on
cos
t stu
dies
of e
xist
ing
scho
ols.
7. D
esig
n R
equi
rem
ents
/Pro
ject
Arc
hite
cts'
Influ
ence
Exa
mpl
es o
f the
se w
ere
the
deci
sion
s to
om
it ex
terio
rw
alls
from
the
syst
em, t
o pr
ovid
e th
ree
light
ing
syst
ems
for
acad
emic
are
as, a
nd to
atte
mpt
to p
rovi
de s
truc
tura
lco
mpo
nent
s w
hich
wou
ld g
ive
arch
itect
s a
varie
den
ough
voc
abul
ary
with
whi
ch to
exp
ress
them
selv
es.
Suc
h op
tions
sto
pped
sho
rt a
t the
dec
isio
n to
per
mit
only
flat
roo
fs, b
ecau
se th
e sy
stem
wou
ld h
ave
beco
me
too
unw
ield
y if
a ra
nge
of p
itche
d ro
of fo
rms
had
been
intr
oduc
ed.
8. D
esig
n R
equi
rem
ents
/SC
SD
Influ
ence
The
spe
cific
atio
ns in
evita
bly
refle
cted
som
e of
the
pred
ilect
ions
of t
he S
CS
D te
am m
embe
rs w
ho w
rote
them
. A s
tron
g at
tem
pt w
as m
ade
to k
eep
thes
ein
fluen
ces
min
or, b
ut a
t the
sam
e tim
e su
ch in
fluen
cefo
rms
an im
port
ant a
esth
etic
con
trol
on
the
syst
emas
a w
hole
.
Sys
tem
des
crip
tion
The
SC
SD
sys
tem
is c
ompr
ised
of s
ix in
tegr
ated
subs
yste
ms
:st
ruct
ure
and
roof
heat
ing
/ ven
tilat
ing
/ air
cond
ition
ing
light
ing/
ceili
ngpa
rtiti
ons
(fix
ed, m
ovab
le, a
nd o
pera
ble)
cabi
nets
and
fixe
d la
bora
tory
furn
iture
lock
ers
Pla
nnin
g m
odul
e
The
str
uctu
ral s
ubsy
stem
mus
t allo
w th
e va
rious
dist
rict a
rchi
tect
s fr
eedo
m to
pla
n th
e st
ruct
ure
of th
ein
divi
dual
sch
ools
on
a 5
foot
by
5 fo
ot h
oriz
onta
l and
a 2
foot
ver
tical
mod
ule
or m
ultip
les
of th
ese
mod
ules
.A
ll su
bsys
tem
s ha
ve to
rel
ate
to th
ese
mod
ules
. As
indi
-ca
ted
abov
e, th
e 5
foot
hor
izon
tal g
rid d
eriv
ed la
rgel
yfr
om th
e de
velo
pmen
t of t
he S
CS
D a
ppro
ach
to th
elig
htin
g-ce
iling
sub
syst
em. T
he 2
foot
ver
tical
mod
ule
was
felt
to b
e in
sca
le w
ith te
achi
ng s
pace
req
uire
men
tsan
d pr
omis
ed to
be
econ
omic
al fo
r st
ruct
ure
and
part
i-tio
ns (
i.e.,
sinc
e te
achi
ng s
pace
s ar
e la
rge,
a m
ore
refin
edve
rtic
al m
odul
e w
as n
ot fe
lt to
be
nece
ssar
y).
All
subs
yste
ms
mus
t ack
now
ledg
e re
quire
men
ts th
at w
illpe
rmit
the
dist
rict a
rchi
tect
s to
pla
n th
e de
sign
of
inte
rior
spac
es o
n a
horiz
onta
l 4 in
ch b
y 4
inch
mod
ule.
Thi
s m
odul
e is
cal
led
the
part
ition
pla
nnin
g m
odul
e.T
his
4 in
ch b
y 4
inch
mod
ule
deriv
ed fr
om n
eed
to a
llow
arch
itect
s to
adj
ust a
reas
mor
e tig
htly
than
the
5 by
5 fo
otst
ruct
ural
mod
ule
allo
wed
and
thus
mee
t sta
te a
idbu
ildin
g ar
ea a
nd c
ost r
equi
rem
ents
mor
e pr
ecis
ely.
The
5 by
5 m
odul
e fo
rms
an a
rea
incr
emen
t of 2
5 sq
uare
feet
or
150
squa
re fe
et fo
r a
30 fo
ot w
ide
room
. Thi
s is
too
coar
se a
grid
for
econ
omy.
Als
o, th
e 4
inch
grid
allo
ws
thic
k w
alls
(e.
g., f
or p
lum
bing
) to
be
acco
mm
odat
ed w
ithin
the
mod
ular
sys
tem
.
Str
uctu
ral p
lann
ing
is o
n a
5 fo
ot b
y 5
foot
hor
izon
tal a
nd 2
foot
ver
tical
mod
ule.
Par
titio
ns m
ay b
e lo
cate
d an
ywhe
re o
n th
e 4
inch
by
4 in
ch p
lann
ing
mod
ule.
41
Inte
grat
ed "
sand
wic
h"
The
str
uctu
re is
def
ined
as
a ho
rizon
tal
"san
dwic
h"su
ppor
ted
by c
olum
ns w
ith n
o lo
ad-b
earin
g w
alls
. Thi
s"s
andw
ich"
is to
mee
t the
req
uire
men
ts o
fan
inte
grat
edst
ruct
ural
, mec
hani
cal,
and
light
ing-
ceili
ngsu
bsys
tem
the
dept
h of
whi
ch is
not
to e
xcee
d 36
inch
esfo
rac
adem
ic a
reas
or
60 in
ches
for
gym
nasi
umsp
ans.
42T
he s
truc
tura
l, m
echa
nica
l, an
d lig
htin
g-ce
iling
"sa
ndw
ich.
"
Aco
ustic
req
uire
men
t
All
subs
yste
ms
are
to m
eet r
equi
rem
ents
for
an a
vera
geso
und
tran
smis
sion
loss
of 2
8 de
cibe
ls, m
easu
red
in p
lace
, for
roo
m-t
o-ro
om s
ound
atte
nuat
ion.
Fire
rat
ings
SC
SD
bui
ldin
gs a
re T
ype
IV o
ne-h
our
build
ings
. Hen
ce,
stru
ctur
e an
d lig
htin
g-ce
iling
ass
embl
ies
are
to m
eet
requ
irem
ents
for
one-
hour
fire
-rat
ed c
onst
ruct
ion.
Inte
rior
part
ition
sub
syst
em (
exce
ptin
g op
erab
le p
artit
ions
)is
to m
eet r
equi
rem
ents
for
one-
hour
con
stru
ctio
n,w
ith a
dditi
onal
two-
hour
cap
abili
ty fo
r pa
rtiti
ons
and
colu
mns
. The
res
ultin
g fir
e se
para
tions
mak
e it
poss
ible
to in
crea
se th
e si
ze o
f bui
ldin
gs s
o th
at la
rge
loft-
type
proj
ects
may
be
plan
ned.
Ave
rage
sou
nd tr
aryr
3rm
ss:c
n!o
tr!S
28
de:,'
0.3e
!s fo
r ro
',,m
-to-
rom
seY
and
atte
tz.;a
t'o!n
.
0 0
L
43
Str
uctu
reS
utsy
stem
com
pone
nts
Col
umns
, pri
mar
y be
ams,
roo
f an
d fl
oor
span
ning
mem
-be
rs, r
oofi
ng, f
lash
ing
and
insu
latio
n.
In a
dditi
on th
e su
cces
sful
str
uctu
ral b
idde
r ha
spr
ovid
ed c
olum
n le
ngth
s in
1 f
oot i
ncre
men
ts; h
as a
dded
35, 5
0, 6
5, a
nd 1
00 f
oot r
oof
span
ning
mem
bers
and
adde
d a
25 f
oot f
loor
spa
nnin
g m
embe
r.
4
Dim
ensi
onal
crit
eria
Stru
ctur
al c
ompo
nent
s m
ust m
ake
poss
ible
the
con-
stru
ctio
n of
uno
bstr
ucte
d ar
eas
up to
7,2
00 s
quar
e fe
et.
To
perm
it fl
exib
ility
in p
lann
ing,
the
size
s of
mem
bers
belo
w a
re r
equi
red
5
6
1co
lum
ns: f
or o
ne-s
tory
cei
ling
heig
hts
of 1
0. 1
2. 1
4,16
, and
18
feet
; for
two-
stor
y ce
iling
hei
ghts
of
10 a
nd 1
2 fe
et2
cant
ileve
r m
embe
rs: 5
and
10
feet
3pr
imar
y be
ams
: 10,
15,
20,
25,
and
30
feet
4ro
ofin
g an
d in
sula
tion
5ro
of d
eck
6 ro
of s
pann
ing
mem
bers
: 30,
40.
45,
55,
60,
70,
75,
90, a
nd 1
10 f
eet (
the
90 a
nd 1
10 f
cot m
embe
rs f
orgy
mna
sium
spa
ns m
ay b
e 60
" de
ep)
floo
rsp
anni
ng m
embe
rs: 3
0, 4
0, a
nd 4
5 fe
et
==
.0,0
1=1=
Now
er,
Bui
ldin
g co
nfig
urat
ions
Str
uctu
ral c
ompo
nent
s m
ust a
ccom
mod
ate
any
of,
orco
mbi
natio
n of
, the
con
ditio
ns b
elow
:
roof
ope
ning
s
sing
le-s
tory
and
two-
stor
y bu
ildin
gs
chan
ge in
cei
ling
heig
ht
cant
ileve
r
one
and
two-
stor
y bu
ildin
gs w
ith in
side
cor
ner
chan
ge in
gra
de
45
Lea
ding
Roo
f: li
ve lo
ad 2
0 po
unds
per
squ
are
foot
; dea
d lo
ad5
poun
ds p
er s
quar
e fo
ot p
lus
stru
ctur
e, r
oofi
ng, a
ndin
sula
tion
(Cal
ifor
nia
cond
ition
s di
d no
t req
uire
snow
load
s).
Floo
r: li
ve lo
ad 5
0 po
unds
per
squ
are
foot
; dea
d lo
ad26
pou
nds
per
squa
re f
oot p
lus
stru
ctur
e.
Dim
ensi
onal
tole
ranc
esSt
ruct
ural
mem
bers
may
not
def
lect
bel
ow th
e ho
rizo
ntal
unde
r fu
ll liv
e lo
ad.
Max
imum
var
iatio
n al
low
ed a
bove
the
hori
zont
al in
clud
-in
g ca
mbe
r an
d de
flec
tion
will
be
1/36
0 of
the
span
exce
pt a
s fo
llow
s: m
axim
um v
aria
tion
for
70 a
nd75
foo
t spa
ns w
ill b
e 2
inch
es.
Ext
erio
r m
ater
ials
The
SC
SD s
yste
m d
oes
not i
nclu
de e
xter
ior
fini
shes
.E
xter
ior
wal
ls a
re d
esig
ned
by th
e sc
hool
dis
tric
tar
chite
ct. T
o in
sure
a r
easo
nabl
e am
ount
of
free
dom
of
choi
ce f
or th
e ar
chite
ct, t
he s
truc
tura
l sub
syst
em m
ust
prov
ide
a m
etho
d of
atta
chm
ent a
t fiv
e fo
ot in
terv
als
for
exte
rior
mat
eria
ls.
Roo
fing
war
rant
yR
oofi
ng, i
nsul
atio
n, f
lash
ing,
and
any
oth
er m
ater
ials
nece
ssar
y to
giv
e a
20-y
ear
bond
ed ty
pe r
oof
will
be c
onsi
dere
d a
part
of
the
stru
ctur
al s
ubsy
stem
bid
.
Not
e: S
truc
tura
l sub
syst
em d
oes
not i
nclu
de la
tera
lbr
acin
g or
sta
irw
ays.
Lat
eral
bra
cing
req
uire
men
ts a
rela
rgel
y a
func
tion
of b
uild
ing
conf
igur
atio
ns a
ndco
nseq
uent
ly w
ere
left
to th
e di
stri
ct's
str
uctu
ral
engi
neer
s. S
tair
way
s w
ere
unco
mm
on e
noug
h w
ithin
the
proj
ect t
o m
ake
thei
r in
clus
ion
unec
onom
ic.
Hea
ting/
Ven
tilat
ing/
Air
Con
ditio
ning
Sub
syst
em c
ompo
nent
s
Hea
ting,
ven
tilat
ing,
and
coo
ling
equi
pmen
t plu
s an
ypl
umbi
ng, c
ontr
ols,
and
wiri
ng w
hich
ser
vice
sth
e eq
uipm
ent.
Per
form
ance
crit
eria
Tem
pera
ture
: plu
s or
min
us 2
deg
rees
Out
side
air:
min
imum
8 c
fm p
er p
erso
nT
otal
air
supp
ly: m
inim
um 3
0 cf
m p
er p
erso
nA
ir ve
loci
ty: b
etw
een
20 a
nd 5
0 fp
mS
olar
hea
t gai
n : 6
000
btu
per
hour
per
200
sq.
ft.
of e
xter
ior
wal
lO
utsi
de te
mpe
ratu
re r
ange
(fo
r de
sign
): 3
0 to
100
degr
ees`
The
suc
cess
ful b
idde
r us
ed a
n ex
pand
ed r
ange
inde
sign
ing
subs
yste
m c
ompo
nent
s.
IE
Out
side
air
: min
imum
8 c
fm p
er p
erso
nT
otal
air
sup
ply:
min
imum
30
cfm
per
per
son
Sola
r he
at g
ain:
600
btu
per
hou
rpe
r 20
0 sq
. W o
f ex
teri
or w
ail
Air
vel
ocity
: bet
wee
n 20
and
50
fpm
_J
Mec
hani
cal S
ervi
ce M
odul
e (M
SM
)
The
hea
ting,
ven
tilat
ing,
air-
cond
ition
ing
subs
yste
m m
ust
mai
ntai
n th
erm
al c
ondi
tions
out
lined
in p
erfo
rman
cecr
iteria
for
a m
inim
um a
rea
of 3
,600
squ
are
feet
of
any
conf
igur
atio
n al
low
able
usi
ng th
e pa
rtiti
on p
lan-
ning
mod
ule
of 4
inch
es. T
he s
yste
m m
ust f
urth
er p
erm
itin
divi
dual
con
trol
in z
ones
as
smal
l as
450
squa
re fe
et.
A s
ingl
e m
echa
nica
l ser
vice
mod
ule
may
be
com
pris
edof
from
one
to e
ight
suc
h co
ntro
l zon
es.*
"The
suc
cess
ful b
idde
r ha
s pr
ovid
ed m
eans
toco
ntro
l up
to 1
2 co
ntro
l zon
es w
ith o
ne u
nit.
The
3,6
00 s
quar
e fo
ot M
SM
may
hav
e 1
to 8
con
trol
zone
s as
sm
all a
s 45
0 sq
uare
feet
eac
h.
Flex
ibili
ty
Arr
Zic
ipat
ing
rear
rang
emen
t of t
he s
pace
div
isio
nsw
ithin
the
mec
hani
cal s
ervi
ce m
odul
e du
ring
the
lifet
ime
of th
e bu
ildin
g, it
was
req
uire
d th
at th
e he
atin
g, v
entil
at-
ing,
and
air-
cond
ition
ing
subs
yste
m p
erm
it a
grea
t var
iety
of r
earr
ange
men
ts w
ithou
t mod
ifica
tion
of e
quip
men
t,di
stur
banc
e of
oth
er s
ubsy
stem
s, o
r sa
crifi
ce o
fpr
escr
ibed
per
form
ance
crit
eria
.
Sub
syst
em m
ust p
erm
it re
arra
ngem
ents
of s
pace
divi
sion
s w
ithin
MS
M w
ithou
t los
s in
per
form
ance
.
Mai
nten
ance
con
trac
t
The
man
ufac
ture
r m
ust f
urni
sh a
long
-ter
m m
aint
enan
ceco
ntra
ct e
xten
dabl
e to
a to
tal o
f 20
year
s, w
hich
isto
incl
ude
perio
dic
insp
ectio
n an
d re
plac
emen
t of p
arts
on fa
ilure
and
as
nece
ssar
y on
a p
reve
ntat
ive
mai
nten
ance
bas
is.
Ligh
ting/
Cei
ling
sem
i-ind
irect
Sub
syst
em c
ompo
nent
sT
his
subs
yste
m in
clud
es th
e to
tal a
ggre
gate
cei
ling
cons
truc
tion
from
wal
l to
wal
l plu
s al
l lig
htin
g,ac
oust
ical
, and
cei
ling
mem
bers
incl
udin
g fla
t opa
que
ceili
ng p
anel
s. It
mus
t als
o pr
ovid
e fo
r in
trod
uctio
nan
d re
turn
of a
ir if
not o
ther
wis
e pr
ovid
ed b
y th
ehe
atin
g-ve
ntila
ting-
air-
cond
ition
ing
subs
yste
m.
lum
inou
s ce
iling
Aca
dem
ic a
rea
light
ing
Sub
syst
em is
to in
clud
e th
e fo
llow
ing
type
s of
ligh
ting-
ceili
ng a
ssem
blie
s: lu
min
ous
ceili
ng a
ssem
bly;
dire
ctas
sem
bly;
sem
i-ind
irect
ass
embl
y.
Thu
s th
ree
visi
bly
diffe
rent
ligh
ting
syst
ems
are
prov
ided
for
acad
emic
are
as, e
ach
mee
ting
the
sam
e lig
htin
gcr
iteria
. In
addi
tion,
com
pone
nts
for
gym
nasi
umlig
htin
g an
d su
bsid
iary
are
as s
uch
as c
orrid
ors
are
to b
e in
clud
ed.
dire
ct li
ghtin
g
10 (
2
.,
aaaa
o o
o o
0o
ko),
c4
70 fo
ot-c
andl
es
00
00
0L.
__ 1
L.__
. 1I_
_ .1
70 fo
ot-c
andl
es70
foot
-can
dles
00
00
00
L___
. 1L_
___.
_I
L__.
_..I
49
Per
form
ance
crit
eria
ftir
acad
emic
spa
ces
Ave
rage
illu
min
atio
n at
the
wor
k pl
ane
mus
t be
at le
ast
70 fo
ot-c
andl
es m
aint
aine
d.*
Illum
inat
ion
at th
e w
ork
plan
e at
any
poi
nt m
ore
than
4 fe
et fr
om th
e w
alls
mus
t be
not m
ore
than
25
per
cent
belo
w o
r ab
ove
aver
age
illum
inat
ion
leve
l.
Max
imum
brig
htne
ss o
f any
are
a in
the
dire
ct g
lare
zon
em
ust n
ot b
e m
ore
than
350
foot
lam
bert
s.
Max
imum
brig
htne
ss o
f any
are
a in
the
refle
cted
gla
rezo
ne m
ust n
ot b
e m
ore
than
500
foot
lam
bert
s.
The
sub
syst
em m
ust b
e so
des
igne
d th
aw in
cer
tain
P. m
asce
iling
may
be
susp
ende
d or
atta
ched
12
or 2
4 in
ches
low
er th
an th
e no
rmal
cei
ling
plan
e.
Not
e: T
hese
inte
nsity
and
brig
htne
ss c
riter
ia w
ere
diffi
cult
to m
eet u
sing
cat
alog
ue c
ompo
nent
s ex
cept
by
usin
g ar
chite
ctur
ally
una
ccep
tabl
e fix
ture
s w
hich
drop
wel
l bel
ow c
eilin
g.*S
ucce
ssfu
l bid
der
prov
ided
for
leve
ls fr
om 3
5 to
210
foot
-can
dles
.
50
Enn
umm
u....
......
......
..,...
.
refle
cted
glar
ezo
ne ,O
dire
ctgl
are
zone
__I
0_J
_J
susp
ende
d ce
iling
00
Fle
xibi
lity
The
sub
syst
em m
ust p
rovi
de fo
r re
arra
ngem
ent o
f its
com
pone
nts
with
in th
e 5
foot
str
uctu
ral m
odul
e. T
here
arra
ngem
ent c
hara
cter
istic
s m
ust b
e su
ch th
atth
e re
quire
men
ts o
f oth
er s
ubsy
stem
s m
ay b
eac
com
mod
ated
.
light
inc-
ceili
ngn
-11-
nn J
part
ition
nn
nn
,.1
5'
Com
patib
ility
The
ligh
ting-
ceili
ng s
ubsy
stem
mus
t be
so d
esig
ned
that
the
pres
ence
of a
n in
terio
r co
lum
n w
ill n
ot n
eces
sita
teth
e om
issi
on o
f lig
htin
g ca
pabi
lity
in m
ore
than
one
5 fo
ot m
odul
e.*
The
sub
syst
em m
ust b
e ab
le to
rec
eive
and
pro
vide
nece
ssar
y st
abili
ty fo
r in
terio
r pa
rtiti
ons
whi
ch m
ay b
elo
cate
d on
any
incr
emen
t of t
he 4
inch
par
titio
npl
anni
ng m
odul
e.
The
sub
syst
em m
ust a
ckno
wle
dge
the
requ
irem
ents
impo
sed
by th
e he
atin
g, v
entil
atin
g, a
nd a
ir-co
nditi
onin
gsu
bsys
tem
and
allo
w fo
r an
y ne
cess
ary
devi
ces
requ
ired
by
*Suc
cess
ful s
truc
tura
l bid
der
thrp
ugh
desi
gn o
f cru
cifo
rmco
lum
ns m
ade
it po
ssib
le n
ot to
elim
inat
e lig
htin
gca
pabi
lity
in a
ny 5
foot
mod
ule.
"Coo
pera
tion
betw
een
two
com
pone
nt fa
bric
ator
s w
asne
cess
ary
to m
eet t
he p
robl
em o
f int
erse
ctin
g sy
stem
s.
Sub
syst
em m
ust p
rovi
de fo
r re
arra
ngem
ent
of it
s co
mpo
nent
s w
ithin
the
5 fo
ot s
truc
tura
l mod
ule
Par
titio
nsS
ubsy
stem
com
pone
nts
The
inte
rior
part
ition
sub
syst
em in
clud
es th
ose
elem
ents
whi
ch p
rovi
de v
ertic
al s
epar
atio
n of
spa
ces
from
floor
to c
eilin
g in
side
the
build
ing.
The
follo
win
g ty
pes
of p
artit
ions
are
pro
vide
d :
Fix
ed p
artit
ions
: par
titio
ns w
hich
will
be
perm
anen
tlyse
t in
plac
e.
Dem
ount
able
par
titio
ns :
part
ition
s w
hich
may
be
mov
edto
a n
ew lo
catio
n w
ith m
inim
al r
ewor
king
of t
hepa
rtiti
ons
them
selv
es o
r th
e co
mpo
nent
s to
whi
ch th
eyar
e at
tach
ed.
Dem
ount
able
-Ope
rabl
e pa
rtiti
ons:
par
titio
ns w
hich
may
be m
oved
at w
ill a
long
thei
r lin
e of
pla
cem
ent a
nd in
addi
tion
may
be
rem
oved
ent
irely
inde
pend
ent o
f the
build
ing
stru
ctur
e an
d re
loca
ted
else
whe
re. (
Cat
alog
ueop
erab
le p
artit
ions
fixe
d to
the
stru
ctur
e w
ere
ordi
naril
y'h
e le
ast m
ovab
le p
artit
ions
in s
choo
ls.)
Tw
o ty
pes
n' a
st b
e pr
ovid
ed :
pane
l and
acc
ordi
on. T
he p
anel
type
oper
able
par
titio
n is
als
o to
pro
vide
a p
ass
door
.
52*D
emou
ntab
le a
nd fi
xed
part
ition
s ar
e pr
ovid
edin
hei
ghts
of 1
0. 1
2, 1
4. a
nd 1
6 fe
et, a
nd o
pera
ble
part
ition
s in
10
and
12 fo
ot h
eigh
ts.
Dim
ensi
onal
crit
eria
The
par
titio
n pl
anni
ng m
odul
e fo
r th
ickn
ess
is to
be
3or
4 in
ches
for
fixed
and
dem
ount
able
par
titio
ns.
The
hor
izon
tal d
imen
sion
of p
anel
s fo
r fix
ed a
ndde
mou
ntab
le p
artit
ions
mus
t acc
omm
odat
ea
3 fo
ot d
oor
and
rela
te to
the
5 fo
ot s
truc
tura
l mod
ule.
The
ver
tical
mod
ule
for
floor
to c
eilin
g he
ight
s is
2fe
et fr
om 1
0 to
16
feet
. Fix
ed p
artit
ions
pro
vide
dfo
r al
l mod
ular
hei
ghts
. Dem
ount
able
and
ope
rabl
epa
rtiti
ons
prov
ided
in 1
0 an
d 12
foot
hei
ghts
onl
y.*
Doo
rs a
re 7
feet
hig
h.
Per
form
ance
crit
eria
, Axe
d an
d de
mou
ntab
lepa
rtiti
ons
The
par
titio
ns m
ust b
e de
sign
ed s
o th
at th
e fa
cing
on
one
side
of a
par
titio
n ca
n be
cha
nged
inde
pend
ently
of th
e fa
cing
on
the
othe
r si
de.
It m
ust b
e po
ssib
le fo
r sc
hool
dis
tric
t per
sonn
el to
relo
cate
dem
ount
able
par
titio
ns, a
nd to
inst
all a
nd/o
rre
plac
e in
divi
dual
dem
ount
able
par
titio
n pa
nels
.
Fix
ed a
nd d
emou
ntab
le p
artit
ions
mus
t per
mit
both
horiz
onta
l and
ver
tical
pas
sage
of s
ervi
ces,
a c
ritic
alpo
int f
or e
ffect
ive
dem
ount
abili
ty.
Per
form
ance
crit
eria
, ope
rabl
e pa
rtiti
ons
It m
ust b
e po
ssib
le to
mov
e an
ope
rabl
e pa
rtiti
on w
itha
trai
ned
crew
in n
ot m
ore
than
one
wee
k.
Ope
rabl
e pa
rtiti
ons
mus
t be
self-
supp
ortin
g, h
owev
erth
ey m
ay b
e st
ayed
late
rally
by
atta
chm
ent t
o a
stru
ctur
al m
embe
r.
Ope
rabl
e pa
rtiti
ons
mus
t be
desi
gned
so
that
they
open
or c
lose
with
the
exer
tion
of n
ot m
ore
than
25
poun
ds p
ress
ure.
**S
ucce
ssfu
l bid
der's
par
titio
ns c
an b
e m
oved
in 4
-6 h
ours
.
Ope
rabl
e pa
rtiti
ons
mus
t be
self-
supp
ortin
gan
d be
ope
ned
and
clos
ed w
ith th
e ex
ertio
nof
not
mor
e th
an 2
5 po
unda
pre
ssur
e.
Fix
ed a
nd d
emou
ntab
le p
anel
face
s an
dfin
ishe
sM
anuf
actu
rer
prov
ides
the
follo
win
g pa
nel f
aces
and
finis
hes:
bas
ic p
anel
(du
rabl
e bu
t fin
ishe
d fo
r ch
alk-
or ta
ckbo
ard
use)
, cha
lk p
anel
, tac
k pa
nel,
glas
s pa
nel,
back
-up
pane
l (un
finis
hed)
. Man
ufac
ture
r is
to s
uppl
yba
sic
pane
ls in
a r
ange
of 2
5 co
lors
.
53
Cas
ewor
k an
d ca
bine
ts
54
Sub
syst
em d
escr
iptio
n
Thi
s su
bsys
tem
enc
ompa
sses
two
sepa
rate
type
s of
cabi
nets
: sci
ence
labo
rato
ry e
quip
men
t and
gen
eral
cabi
nets
for
stor
age
in o
ther
are
as o
f the
sch
ools
.
Sub
syst
em c
ompo
nent
s
Sub
syst
em c
ompo
nent
s in
clud
e: ta
bles
, top
s, c
abin
ets,
sink
s an
d la
bora
tory
acc
esso
ries,
doo
rs, d
raw
ers,
:::rd
she
lvin
g.
Sco
pe o
f wor
k
Man
ufac
ture
r pr
ovid
es in
add
ition
to c
ompo
nent
s :
inst
alla
tion
of c
abin
ets
and
case
wor
k; fu
rnis
hing
of a
llse
rvic
e fix
ture
s su
ch a
s ga
s, h
ot a
nd c
old
wat
er fa
ucet
s,re
mot
e co
ntro
l val
ves,
filte
r pu
mps
, ele
ctric
al s
witc
hes,
fixtu
res
and
rece
ptac
les,
fum
e ho
ods
and
fum
e ho
odlig
ht fi
xtur
es, s
inks
, dra
in tr
ough
s, w
aste
out
lets
whe
rere
quire
d; p
rope
r re
info
rcem
ent a
nd a
ttach
men
t dev
ices
nece
ssar
y to
ena
ble
ceili
ngs
and
wal
ls to
sup
port
cabi
nets
and
cas
ewor
k, w
ithou
t scr
ewin
g or
bol
ting
to p
artit
ions
so
as n
ot to
impe
de fl
exib
ility
.
Fle
xibi
lity
AU
cab
inet
s, e
xcep
t tho
se f
ixed
by
serv
ices
, mus
t be
desi
gned
to b
e re
loca
ted
with
out r
equi
ring
any
add
i-tio
nal p
arts
or
new
tops
.it
mus
t be
poss
ible
to r
emov
ean
d re
loca
te a
cab
inet
with
out h
avin
g to
rep
lace
any
par
tof
the
build
ing
to w
hich
the
cabi
net w
as a
ttach
ed.
Dim
ensi
onal
crit
eria
The
siz
es o
f cab
inet
s m
ust r
elat
e to
the
part
ition
plan
ning
mod
ule.
Sin
ce th
e ho
rizon
tal d
imen
sion
of t
hein
teri
or p
artit
ion
pane
ls is
40"
, cab
inet
dim
ensi
ons
mus
t rel
ate
to a
40-
par
titio
n jo
int.*
Cab
inet
s w
ill b
e pr
ovid
ed in
the
follo
win
g no
min
al(m
odul
ar)
size
s:w
idth
: 60,
40,
and
20
inch
eshe
ight
: 84,
54,
36,
and
30
inch
esde
pth:
40,
30,
20,
and
13
inch
es
*Cas
ewor
k w
as b
id la
ter
than
pri
mar
y co
mpo
nent
s so
that
par
titio
n pa
nel s
ize
was
est
ablis
hed
whe
n ca
sew
ork
spec
ific
atio
ns w
ere
wri
tten.
Cab
inet
inte
rior
subd
ivis
ions
Cab
inet
s m
ust b
e de
sign
ed to
per
mit
max
imum
fre
edom
to m
odif
y in
teri
or s
pace
s fo
r va
ryin
g m
ixes
of
draw
ersi
zes
or c
hang
es f
rom
dra
wer
s to
cup
boar
ds a
s us
ere
quir
emen
ts c
hang
e.
Eev
atio
n of
a b
ase
cabi
net s
how
s di
ffere
ntar
rang
emen
ts o
f dra
wer
s an
d ca
pbox
ds w
t un
the
sam
e ba
sic
carc
ass.
55
Lock
ers
Sub
syst
em d
escr
iptio
n
Thi
s su
bsys
tem
incl
udes
all
stud
ent l
ocke
rs, t
ops,
finis
hed
ends
, she
lves
, com
bina
tion
lock
s, n
umbe
rpl
ates
, and
ope
ratin
g ha
ndle
s. G
ymna
sium
type
stor
age
lock
ers
are
not i
nclu
ded.
Sco
pe o
f wor
k
Man
ufac
ture
r is
to p
rovi
de s
ubsy
stem
com
pone
nts
desc
ribed
abo
ve in
clud
ing
inst
alla
tion.
Dim
ensi
onal
crit
eria
Dim
ensi
ons
repr
esen
ted
are
nom
inal
and
rep
rese
ntm
axim
um e
xter
ior
dim
ensi
ons.
Doo
r op
enin
g m
ust
allo
w fo
r in
sert
ion
of 1
31/2
inch
hig
h-sc
hool
rin
g bi
nder
s.T
ype
1 : 2
0" w
ide,
15"
dee
p, 1
5" h
igh,
four
tier
sT
ype
2: 1
5" w
ide,
15-
dee
p, 1
5" h
igh,
four
tier
s
The
lock
er d
imen
sion
s w
ere
base
d on
Cal
iforn
ia r
equi
re-
men
ts c
allin
g fo
r le
ss s
pace
for
clot
hing
and
mor
efo
r bo
oks.
Tra
ditio
nal l
ocke
r di
men
sion
s ar
e ba
sed
oncl
othi
ng r
equi
rem
ents
in c
olde
r cl
imat
es.
Arr
ange
men
t req
uire
men
ts
All
lock
ers
are
to b
e fo
ur ti
ers
high
. Min
imum
arr
ange
-m
ent w
ill b
e tw
o lo
cker
s ac
ross
. Bey
ond
this
arr
ange
-m
ent,
eith
er o
dd o
r ev
en lo
cker
arr
ange
men
ts m
ust b
epo
ssib
le. L
ocke
rs m
ust b
e av
aila
ble
in s
ingl
e or
dou
ble
row
s (b
ack
to b
ack)
. Des
ign
mus
t per
mit
lock
ers
to b
ear
rang
ed fr
ee s
tand
ing
or b
acke
d up
to a
n ex
terio
r w
all
with
end
s ex
pose
d or
with
one
or
both
end
s al
soag
ains
t a w
all.
Typ
e 1
SS
Fin
ish
Man
ufac
ture
r is
to p
rovi
de lo
cker
s in
four
col
ors
and
is to
pro
vide
fini
shes
whi
ch w
ill b
e te
sted
for
satis
-fa
ctor
y pe
rfor
man
ce in
the
follo
win
g ch
arac
teris
tics:
hard
ness
, scr
atch
res
ista
nce,
sal
t spr
ay r
esis
tanc
e,m
oist
ure
resi
stan
ce, a
nd r
esis
tanc
e to
cha
lkin
g.
A g
alva
nize
d ty
pe fi
nish
was
als
o re
quire
d si
nce
som
eS
CS
D s
choo
ls w
ere
near
the
ocea
n an
d si
nce
Cal
iforn
iasc
hool
s of
ten
plac
e lo
cker
s ou
tsid
e th
e bu
ildin
gs.
Ven
tilat
ion
Lock
ers
are
to b
e ve
ntila
ted
with
one
squ
are
inch
of
pene
trat
ion
for
ever
y 1,
000
cubi
c in
ches
of l
ocke
rsp
ace.
Ven
tilat
ions
mus
t be
desi
gned
to m
ake
it di
fficu
ltto
pus
h an
y ob
ject
thro
ugh
the
vent
ilatio
n ho
les.
Lock
ers
are
to b
e fo
ur ti
ers
high
and
allo
w b
ack-
to-w
all,
back
-to-
back
, and
free
stan
ding
arr
ange
men
ts.
57
SCSD
Com
pone
nts
The
SC
SD
sys
tem
is a
set
of c
oord
inat
ed c
ompo
nent
s.C
oord
inat
ion
amon
g m
anuf
actu
rers
sta
rted
, with
the
assi
stan
ce o
f the
SC
SD
sta
ff, a
s th
e m
anuf
actu
rers
prep
ared
thei
r de
sign
s fo
r bi
ddin
g. A
fter
bidd
ing,
effo
rts
to e
ffect
a h
igh
leve
l of c
oord
inat
ion
ofco
mpo
nent
s w
ere
cont
inue
d at
an
incr
easi
ngly
inte
nse
rate
am
ong
the
succ
essf
ul b
idde
rs, g
uide
d by
the
SC
SD
sta
ff. T
his
proc
ess
culm
inat
ed in
the
prot
otyp
ebu
ildin
g, c
ompl
eted
on
the
Sta
nfor
d U
nive
rsity
cam
pus
in N
ovem
ber,
196
4. T
he r
efin
emen
t of d
etai
ls w
asco
ntin
ued
for
man
y m
onth
s af
ter
initi
al c
ompl
etio
n of
the
build
ing.
Muc
h of
the
effo
rts
tow
ard
coor
dina
tion
focu
ssed
on
the
spac
e be
twee
n ce
iling
and
roo
f dec
kthe
"inte
grat
ed s
andw
ich.
" In
this
spa
ce, f
reew
ays
wer
ear
rang
ed fo
r pl
umbi
ng, c
ondu
it, a
nd e
lect
rical
ser
vice
sto
red
uce
subc
ontr
acto
r co
nflic
ts d
urin
g co
nstr
uctio
n.
51;$
9
Stru
ctur
e
The
ort
hotr
opic
str
uctu
ral s
yste
m d
esig
ned
for
Inla
ndS
teel
Pro
duct
s C
ompa
ny b
y ar
chite
ct R
ober
tson
War
dan
d T
he E
ngin
eers
Col
labo
rativ
e em
phas
ized
eas
eof
shi
ppin
g, s
peed
of e
rect
ion,
and
car
eful
coo
rdin
atio
nw
ith o
ther
com
pone
nts.
Tru
sses
and
dec
k se
ctio
ns a
re h
inge
d, w
ith c
onne
ctio
nsw
hich
are
wel
ded
whe
n er
ectio
n ha
s be
en c
ompl
eted
.A
ll co
lum
ns a
re o
f con
stan
t out
side
dim
ensi
on a
ndal
l tru
sses
of f
rom
30
to 7
5* s
pan
have
iden
tical
geom
etry
; onl
y th
e ga
uge
of s
teel
cha
nges
to p
rovi
defo
r di
fferin
g lo
ad r
equi
rem
ents
.
To
save
wei
ght,
the
stee
l dec
k re
plac
es th
e to
p ch
ords
of th
e tr
usse
s so
that
the
deck
is s
tres
sed.
The
Inla
ndsy
stem
use
d le
ss s
teel
per
squ
are
foot
of b
uild
ing
than
any
oth
er s
teel
sys
tem
bid
.
6$
1\W
MIE
A&
\A
rair
1,11
II
111
a0
- %
44:
,;
r.
r,
' i MUM
Aglow I ikigrA
11111D-4'.
I P
..0110174
I
a 4
dfi
Hea
ting/
Ven
tilat
ing/
Air
Con
ditio
ning
62
The
Len
nox
HV
AC
sys
tem
is b
ased
on
a se
lf-co
ntai
ned
heat
ing
and
cool
ing
unit
size
d to
mat
ch th
e m
echa
nica
lse
rvic
e m
odul
e. D
epen
ding
on
load
, the
uni
t may
serv
e fr
om 2
,500
-5,0
00 s
quar
e fe
et o
f spa
ce.
The
roo
f uni
t fee
ds d
irect
ly in
to m
ixin
g bo
xes
belo
wit
whi
ch in
turn
pro
vide
air
to th
e fix
ed d
ucts
. Air
isre
turn
ed to
the
syst
em th
roug
h th
e op
en p
lenu
m.
Pat
tern
s of
sta
ndar
dize
d fix
ed a
nd fl
exib
le d
ucts
, com
-bi
ned
with
rem
ovab
le s
uppl
y an
d re
turn
diff
user
s, a
llow
for
grea
t fre
edom
in a
rran
ging
con
trol
zon
es. T
heco
olin
g un
it is
com
plet
ely
sepa
rate
from
the
heat
ing
and
vent
ilatin
g un
it, s
o th
at c
oolin
g ca
n be
add
edat
a la
ter
date
, if d
esire
d.
The
gla
ss fi
ber
duct
sys
tem
, tog
ethe
r w
ith c
aref
ully
desi
gned
vib
ratio
n is
olat
ion
from
the
light
ste
elst
ruct
ure,
mak
es fo
r a
very
qui
et s
yste
m.
serv
ice
free
way
63
The
ligh
ting-
ceili
ng s
yste
m, a
lso
desi
gned
by
arch
itect
Rob
erts
on W
ard,
for
Inla
nd S
teel
Pro
duct
sC
ompa
nyus
es a
sm
all n
umbe
r of
sta
ndar
d co
mpo
nent
s to
prov
ide
a w
ide
varie
ty o
f lig
htin
g in
tens
ities
and
vis
ual e
ffect
s.
A u
nifo
rm tw
o-tu
be fl
uore
scen
t lig
htin
g fix
ture
isus
edw
ith th
ree
optio
nal p
last
ic d
iffus
ers.
The
met
al c
offe
rca
n re
ceiv
e on
e, tw
o, o
r th
ree
two-
bulb
fixt
ures
, and
the
top
sect
ion
of th
e co
ffer
(whi
ch is
rem
ovab
le fo
rac
cess
to th
e ce
iling
spa
ce)
can
be u
sed,
inve
rted
. The
ceili
ng-li
ghtin
g sy
stem
is fa
sten
ed to
the
stru
ctur
eev
ery
5' b
y a
"spi
der"
to w
hich
the
ceili
ng r
unne
rs a
reat
tach
ed. T
he s
pide
r, w
hich
com
pens
ates
for
the
cam
ber
or d
efle
ctio
ns in
the
trus
ses,
pro
vide
sa
ther
mal
brea
k be
twee
n ce
iling
and
str
uctu
re fo
r fir
epr
otec
tion
purp
oses
and
pro
vide
s la
tera
l sup
port
for
the
part
ition
s. T
hesp
ider
was
dev
elop
ed b
y F
aste
x D
ivis
ion,
Illin
ois
Too
l Wor
ks, I
nc.,
for
Inla
nd S
teel
Pro
duct
s.
The
flat
met
al p
an s
yste
m is
pro
vide
d pl
ain
or w
ithpe
rfor
atio
n to
incr
ease
aco
ustic
abs
orpt
ion.
The
flat
pan
ceili
ng is
sui
tabl
e fo
r bo
th in
terio
r an
d ex
terio
rus
e. T
he to
p pa
nel o
f the
cof
fer
may
als
o he
per
fora
ted
for
acou
stic
abs
orpt
ion.
The
min
eral
woo
l lay
erab
ove
the
ceili
ng th
us s
erve
s bo
th fo
r th
e pr
otec
tion
and
for
acou
stic
pur
pose
s.
The
thre
e ba
sic
acad
emic
ligh
ting
syst
ems
are
prod
uced
by
sim
ple
rear
rang
emen
t of t
he b
asic
com
-po
nent
s. T
he d
irect
sys
tem
, with
two
two-
tube
uni
tspe
rco
ffer,
usi
ng h
alf t
he n
umbe
r of
ligh
ted
coffe
rs, p
rovi
des
the
sam
e lig
htin
g in
tens
ity a
s th
e ot
her
two
syst
ems.
0 0
lum
inou
dire
ct
sem
i-ind
irect
frf
SG
The
fixe
d an
d de
mou
ntab
le p
artit
ion
syst
em d
evel
oped
for
SC
SD
by
the
E. F
. Hau
serm
an C
o. c
onsi
sts
of 4
0-in
chw
ide
pane
ls o
f ste
el-c
over
ed g
ypsu
m b
oard
whi
chsn
ap o
nto
a sp
ecia
lly d
esig
ned
met
al s
tud.
The
stu
dsar
e cl
ippe
d to
floo
r an
d ce
iling
cha
nnel
s, a
nd th
e to
pof
the
stud
inco
rpor
ates
a te
lesc
opin
g se
ctio
n w
hich
allo
ws
for
2 in
ches
of s
truc
tura
l def
lect
ion.
A v
arie
ty o
f col
ors
and
finis
hes
are
prov
ided
, inc
ludi
nga
floor
to c
eilin
g ch
alkb
oard
sur
face
. Sm
all m
agne
tsor
mag
netic
tape
are
use
d in
stea
d of
thum
btac
ksfo
r ho
ldin
g di
spla
y m
ater
ial.
The
ope
rabl
e pa
rtiti
ons
have
thei
r ow
n su
ppor
ting
stru
ctur
e, s
o th
at th
e w
eigh
t of t
he p
artit
ions
is n
otca
rrie
d by
the
build
ing
stru
ctur
e. !n
the
acco
rdio
nop
erab
le p
artit
ion,
des
igne
d by
Hou
gh M
anuf
actu
ring
Com
pany
, the
sup
port
str
uctu
re is
rai
sed
by a
cra
nkop
erat
ed c
am in
ord
er to
rel
ease
the
acou
stic
sea
l and
allo
w tr
ee p
artit
ion
mov
emen
t. In
the
pane
l ope
rabl
e,w
hich
was
des
igne
d by
Wes
tern
Sky
Indu
strie
s an
dsu
bseq
uent
ly s
old
to H
ough
Man
ufac
turin
g C
ompa
ny, a
retr
acta
ble
top
and
botto
m s
eal a
ccom
plis
hes
the
sam
e pu
rpos
e.
stt
acco
rdio
n op
erab
le a
nd p
anel
ope
rabl
e
pane
l ope
rabl
e
acco
rdio
n op
erab
le a
nd d
emou
ntab
le
dem
ount
able
MM
.11
1111
L_
NV
"
The
cab
inet
sys
tem
is c
onst
ruct
ed o
f woo
d an
d pa
rtic
lebo
ard,
with
tops
in la
min
ated
pla
stic
or
colo
rcer
an.
The
sys
tem
was
dev
elop
ed b
y E
duca
tors
Man
ufac
turin
gC
ompa
ny. D
raw
er a
nd d
oor
face
s ar
e m
elam
ine
plas
tic,
in fo
ur s
olid
col
ors
or te
ak w
ood
grai
n fin
ish.
Hin
ges
and
pulls
wer
e sp
ecia
lly d
esig
ned
for
this
cab
inet
ran
geto
mee
t SC
SD
spe
cific
atio
ns. P
last
ic in
sert
s in
pred
rille
d ho
les
alto
. for
effe
ctiv
e re
loca
tion
of in
terio
rsh
elve
s, d
raw
ers,
and
doo
rs in
com
bina
tion
so th
atth
e fu
nctio
nal u
se o
f the
cab
inet
s co
uld
be c
hang
edw
ithou
t mov
ing
the
cabi
net c
arca
sses
. Wal
l hun
gca
bine
ts h
ook
onto
the
part
ition
s w
ithou
t per
man
ent
fast
enin
g to
faci
litat
e fle
xibi
lity.
Lock
ers
Lock
ers
built
by
Wor
ley
are
conv
entio
nal i
n co
nstr
uctio
n;re
finem
ents
incl
ude
soun
d da
mpe
ning
har
dwar
e.A
rchi
tect
s m
ay c
hoos
e up
to 4
col
ors
for
agi
ven
scho
ol o
ut o
f a to
tal r
ange
of 5
6 co
lors
.T
he n
ew s
ize
has
prov
ed e
ffect
ive
for
stor
ing
book
s an
dbi
nder
s, b
ut th
e m
arch
of e
vent
s ha
s ov
erta
ken
the
orig
inal
per
form
ance
spe
cific
atio
nthe
lock
ers
cann
otac
com
mod
ate
som
e m
otor
cycl
e he
lmet
s.
III
II
II
II
II
1I
11
I
r.
11
V
A r
esul
t of t
he S
CS
D p
rogr
am h
as b
een
the
appe
aran
ceon
the
mar
ket o
f a n
umbe
r of
sys
tem
s an
d co
mpo
nent
sde
sign
ed to
be
com
petit
ive
with
the
SC
SD
ran
ge.
Thi
s ac
com
plis
hes
one
of th
e ai
ms
of th
e pr
ogra
m, w
hich
was
to m
ake
a ne
w r
ange
of c
ompo
nent
s av
aila
ble
to th
e ed
ucat
or a
nd a
rchi
tect
for
the
solu
tion
of th
eir
prob
lem
s.
Som
e of
thes
e co
mpo
nent
s ha
ve b
een
deve
lope
d by
man
ufac
ture
rs u
nsuc
cess
ful i
n th
e in
itial
SC
SD
bid
ding
proc
ess;
oth
ers
have
bee
n de
velo
ped
sinc
e in
antic
ipat
ion
of th
e m
arke
t ope
ned
by th
e S
CS
Dsp
ecifi
catio
ns a
nd p
rodu
cts.
t
The
Ber
tha
Ron
zone
Ele
men
tary
Sch
ool i
n La
s V
egas
,N
evad
a, w
as b
uilt
usin
g a
stru
ctur
al s
yste
m d
esig
ned
and
deve
lope
d by
the
But
ler
Man
ufac
turin
g C
ompa
ny o
fK
ansa
s C
ity, M
isso
uri,
for
the
SC
SD
pro
ject
. The
But
ler
Spa
ce G
rid S
yste
m w
as th
e ne
xt to
low
bid
der
onth
e S
CS
D p
roje
ct.
The
ligh
ting-
ceili
ng s
yste
m fo
r th
e R
onzo
ne S
choo
l was
prov
ided
by
the
E. F
. Hau
serm
an C
ompa
ny w
hich
bid
unsu
cces
sful
ly in
this
cat
egor
y fo
r S
CS
D. H
ause
rman
'sS
CS
D p
artit
ions
wer
e us
ed a
s w
ell.
The
Len
nox
SC
SD
unit
was
em
ploy
ed, t
houg
h no
t the
SC
SD
dis
trib
utio
nsy
stem
. The
But
ler
stru
ctur
e, in
con
junc
tion
with
vario
us c
ombi
natio
ns o
f com
pone
nts,
is n
ow in
use
inm
any
build
ings
acr
oss
the
coun
try.
Arc
hite
cts:
Jul
ius
Gab
riele
, AIA
, and
Ass
ocia
tes
r
Yy
The
Fur
geso
n E
lem
enta
ry S
choo
l in
Haw
aiia
n G
arde
ns,
Los
Ang
eles
, Cal
iforn
ia, u
ses
a pr
ecas
t con
cret
est
ruct
ural
sys
tem
by
Inte
rpac
e P
reca
st C
oncr
ete
Pro
duct
s. T
his
is u
sed
in c
onju
nctio
n w
ith a
ligh
ting-
ceili
ng s
yste
m b
y Lu
min
ous
Cei
lings
, Inc
. and
par
titio
nsby
Adv
ance
d E
quip
men
t Cor
pora
tion,
and
a h
eatin
g,ve
ntila
ting,
and
coo
ling
syst
em b
y H
ayes
Fur
nace
Mfg
. & S
uppl
y C
o.
The
spa
ce b
etw
een
the
conc
rete
cha
nnel
s is
use
d to
prov
ide
duct
spa
ce to
ser
ve th
e ce
iling
air
dist
ribut
ion,
and
the
unde
rsid
e of
the
chan
nels
ser
ves
as a
fini
shed
ceili
ng. T
he lo
ng s
pan
conc
rete
cha
nnel
s pr
ovid
e a
larg
e, c
olum
n-fr
ee, f
lexi
ble
spac
e fo
r ea
ch b
uild
ing.
Arc
hite
cts
: Duf
fy &
Dre
her
AIA
The
Com
patib
le D
esig
n S
yste
ms
stru
ctur
al a
ndlig
htin
g-ce
iling
sys
tem
(R
heem
/Dud
ley
Cor
pora
tion)
has
been
des
igne
d cl
osel
y to
the
SC
SD
per
form
ance
spec
ifica
tions
sin
ce th
e or
igin
al b
id p
roce
ss. I
t is
a lig
htst
eel s
truc
ture
of c
onve
ntio
nal d
esig
n; u
sing
larg
ely
bolte
d co
nnec
tions
. The
cei
ling
is b
uilt
up fr
om s
uppo
rt-
ing
mem
bers
, aco
ustic
al b
oard
, and
ligh
ting
fixtu
res,
and
hung
dire
ctly
from
the
stru
ctur
e. T
his
syst
em h
asbe
en s
ucce
ssfu
lly b
id o
n sc
hool
jobs
in C
alifo
rnia
.I
41=
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I/1
41A
tAlm
r_v4
A.
itI
IM
AI
I I
VA
AT
#.°1
111
won
.mam
m
-Wife
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mi7
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OrM
INIM
11,=
a1M
1W,1
1-a/
I I I
I On
I I M
ry
I 1. r
%!/F
,-1'
.4M
I 0_
""
J
deta
il of
cei
ling
Cei
ling
mem
bers
are
atta
ched
to th
e tr
uss
by a
"spi
nner
" w
hich
allo
ws
for
adju
stm
ent t
o ta
ke u
pca
mbe
r an
d de
flect
ion
in th
e st
ruct
ure.
73
Com
pone
nts
In U
seB
y O
ctob
er, 1
966,
six
of t
he S
CS
D s
choo
ls w
ere
inop
erat
ion,
with
oth
ers
in v
ario
us s
tage
s of
bid
ding
or
cons
truc
tion.
On
page
s 78
and
73
the
voca
bula
ry o
fth
e S
CS
D c
dmpo
nent
s, a
rtic
ulat
ed b
y a
num
ber
ofdi
ffere
nt a
rchi
tect
s, c
an b
e se
en in
act
ion.
.1
-
Sta
rtin
g on
pag
e 80
, the
sch
ool p
lans
sho
wn
with
the
phot
ogra
phs
indi
cate
the
rang
e of
type
and
siz
e of
faci
litie
s w
hich
hav
e be
en b
uilt
with
in th
e pr
ogra
m.
The
det
aile
d pl
ans
show
som
e of
the
less
trad
ition
alsp
atia
l arr
ange
men
ts w
hich
hav
e ap
pear
ed in
the
scho
ols
built
to d
ate.
fr
--
L
7+17
5
.
Imams IsTwor/ J11111
.
- 11=M111.2 - ,MOMI =owes. 11
.1044.41
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ty: 1
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: Aug
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: Nic
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. Tom
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area
: 79
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capa
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: 90
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: Nov
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: Oct
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196
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1111
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Fou
ntai
n V
alle
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Hun
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on B
each
Uni
on H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Hun
tingt
on B
each
, Cal
iforn
ia
arch
itect
s: N
eptu
ne a
nd T
hom
asar
ea: 2
35,4
18 s
q. ft
.ca
paci
ty: 3
,000
stu
dent
sco
nstr
uctio
n be
gan
: iku
gust
196
5sc
hool
ope
ned:
Sep
tem
ber
1966
build
ing
cost
: $3,
741,
830
squa
re fo
ot c
ost:
$15.
90
t'.1
,11
John
F. K
enne
dy H
igh
Sch
ool
Sac
ram
ento
City
Uni
fied
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Sac
ram
ento
, Cal
iforn
ia
arch
itect
s: S
taffo
rd &
Pec
kinp
augh
area
: 230
,732
sq.
ft.
capa
city
: 2,0
00 s
tude
nts
cons
truc
tion
bega
n : J
une
1966
scho
ol o
pens
: Sep
tem
ber
1967
build
ing
cost
: $4,
408,
214
squa
re fo
ot c
ost:
$19.
10
F
1
AT
IP"
sc t.
San
Die
guito
Hig
h S
choo
l (ad
ditio
n)
San
Die
guito
Uni
on H
igh
Sch
ool D
istr
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Car
diff,
Cal
iforn
ia
arch
itect
s : J
ung
& C
loye
sar
ea: 2
9,05
0 sq
. ft.
cons
truc
tion
bega
n : M
ay 1
966
scho
ol o
pene
d : O
ctob
er 1
966
build
ing
cost
: S62
5,74
7sq
uare
foot
cos
t: $2
1.54
Thi
s ad
ditio
n co
ntai
ns M
usic
, Hom
emak
ing,
Indu
stria
lA
rts,
Art
, and
lect
ure
and
clas
sroo
m fa
cilit
ies.
11 ,
89
Gle
n W
ilson
Hig
h S
choo
l
La P
uent
e U
nion
Hig
h S
choo
l Dis
tric
tL
a Pu
ente
, Caf
fom
ia
arch
itect
s: K
istn
er, W
righ
t & W
righ
tar
ea: 1
23,2
38 s
q. f
t.ca
paci
ty: 1
,500
stu
dent
sco
nstr
uctio
n be
gan:
Sep
tem
ber
1966
scho
ol o
pens
: Sep
tem
ber
1967
build
ing
cost
: $2,
184,
326
squa
re f
oot c
ost:
$17.
72
Will
iam
Wor
kman
Hig
h S
choo
l
La
Puen
te U
nion
Hig
h Sc
hool
Dis
tric
tL
a Pu
ente
, Cal
ifor
nia
arch
itect
s : K
istn
er, W
righ
t & W
righ
tar
ea: 1
04,3
50 s
q. f
t.ca
paci
ty: 1
,300
stu
dent
sco
nstr
uctio
n be
gan:
Sep
tem
ber
1966
scho
ol o
pens
: Se
ptem
ber
1967
build
ing
cost
: $1,
838,
374
squa
re f
oot c
ost:
$17.
62
94
Oak
Gro
ve H
igh
Sch
ool
Eas
t Sid
e U
nion
Hig
h Sc
hool
Dis
tric
tSa
n Jo
se, C
alif
orni
a
arch
itect
s: A
llan
M. W
alte
r &
Ass
ocia
tes
area
: 157
,707
sq.
ft.
capa
city
: 1,8
00 s
tude
nts
cons
truc
tion
bega
n : S
epte
mbe
r 19
66sc
hool
ope
ns :
Sept
embe
r 19
67bu
ildin
g co
st: $
3,01
8,00
0sq
uare
foo
t cos
t : $
19.1
4
Sim
i Wes
t Hig
h S
choo
l
Sim
i Val
ley
Uni
fied
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Sim
i, C
alif
orni
a
arch
itect
s: D
anie
l, M
ann,
Joh
nson
& M
ende
nhal
lar
ea: 1
56,4
88 s
q. f
t.ca
paci
ty :
1,80
0 st
uden
tsco
nstr
uctio
n be
gan
: Nov
embe
r 19
66sc
hool
ope
ns: D
ecem
ber
1967
build
ing
cost
: 52,
886,
525
squa
re f
oot c
ost:
$18.
45
Cas
a R
oble
Wiih
Sch
ool A
dditi
on
San
Juan
Uni
fied
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
Car
mic
hael
, Cal
ifor
nia
arch
itect
: Nic
hola
s A
. Tom
ich
area
: 72,
790
sq. f
t.ca
paci
ty: 9
00 s
tude
nts
cons
truc
tion
bega
n : F
ebru
ary
1967
scho
ol o
pens
: Se
ptem
ber
1967
(Jr
./Sr.
Uni
ts)
build
ing
cost
: $1,
323,
222
squa
re f
oot c
ost:
S18.
17
Hig
h Sc
hool
No.
3
Sant
a C
ruz
City
Hig
h Sc
hool
Dis
tric
tSa
nta
Cru
z, C
alif
orni
a
arch
itect
s : P
orte
r, J
ense
n &
Ass
ocia
tes
area
: 92,
773
sq. f
t.ca
paci
ty: 1
,200
stu
dent
sco
nstr
uctio
n be
gan
: Mar
ch 1
967
scho
ol o
pens
: Se
ptem
ber
1968
build
ing
cost
: S1,
592,
320
squa
re f
oot c
ost:
$17.
16
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year
mai
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pol
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incl
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2 st
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proj
ects
3 st
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form
ula
prov
ides
that
ope
n co
nido
rs s
hall
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squ
are
feet
of s
truc
ture
was
enc
lose
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t lef
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inis
hed
to b
e fin
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ter a
s di
stric
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ulat
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need
s re
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s sh
owin
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ss C
ompo
nent
Str
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re a
nd R
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rea
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Are
a pe
r st
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aid
form
ula
have
som
e no
n-sy
stem
str
uctu
re6
air
cond
ition
ing
not p
rovi
ded
91
Tec
hnic
al C
onsu
ltant
s to
Pro
ject
Aco
ustic
alD
ade!
Fitz
roy
Con
sulti
ng A
cous
tical
Eng
inee
rSa
n R
afae
l, C
alif
orni
a
Air
Con
ditio
ning
G. L
Gen
dler
G. L
. Gen
dler
& A
ssoc
iate
sM
echa
nica
l and
Ele
ctri
cal E
ngin
eers
Ber
kele
y, C
alif
orni
a
Col
orM
iria
m L
eefe
Col
or C
onsu
ltant
Saus
alito
, Cal
ifor
nia
Ele
ctri
cal
Fost
er K
. Sam
pson
Sam
pson
, Ran
dall
& P
ress
Con
sulti
ng E
lect
rica
l Eng
inee
rsL
os A
ngel
es, C
alif
orni
a
Cas
e W
ork
Bur
gess
P. S
tand
ley
Lab
orat
ory
Plan
ning
Con
sulta
nts
Che
stnu
t Hill
, Mas
sach
uset
ts
Stru
ctur
alL
. W. G
raha
mG
raha
m &
Hay
esC
onsu
lting
Str
uctu
ral E
ngin
eers
San
Fran
cisc
o, C
alif
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lare
nce
Rin
neSt
ruct
ural
Eng
inee
rPa
lo A
lto, C
alif
orni
aA
lexa
nder
G. T
aric
sR
eid
and
Tar
ics
Arc
hite
cts
and
Eng
inee
rsSa
n Fr
anci
sco,
Cal
ifor
nia
phot
o cr
edits
All
phot
ogra
phs
by R
onda
! Par
trid
ge e
xcep
t tho
se o
npa
ge 7
0 by
Pet
er K
astl,
pag
e 71
by
Chr
isto
pher
Arn
old,
and
page
89
by J
onat
han
Kin
g.
Page
s 2,
21,
29,
33
El D
orad
o H
igh
Scho
olPl
acen
tia U
nifi
ed S
choo
l Dis
tric
tar
chite
cts:
Wm
. E. B
luro
ck &
Ass
ocia
tes
Page
s 5,
12
Foun
tain
Val
ley
Hig
h Sc
hool
Hun
tingt
on B
each
Uni
on H
igh
Scho
ol D
istr
ict
arch
itect
s: N
eptu
ne &
Tho
mas
Page
s 8,
22
Bar
ring
ton
Mid
dle
Scho
olB
arri
ngto
n, I
llino
isar
chite
cts:
Con
e &
Dom
busc
h
Page
15
De
Lav
eaga
Ele
men
tary
Sch
ool
Sant
a C
ruz
Ele
men
tary
Sch
ool D
istr
ict
arch
itect
s: L
eefe
& E
hren
kran
tz
Page
25
SCSD
Pro
toty
pear
chite
cts:
Ezr
a D
. Ehr
enkr
antz
and
SC
SD S
taff
Page
30
Sono
ra H
igh
Scho
olFu
llert
on U
nion
Hig
h Sc
hool
Dis
tric
tar
chite
cts:
Wm
. E. B
luro
ck &
Ass
ocia
tes
Oth
er R
epor
ts fr
om E
FL
The
follo
win
g pu
blic
atio
ns a
re a
vaila
ble
with
out c
harg
efr
om th
e of
fices
of E
FL:
477
Mad
ison
Ave
nue,
New
Yor
k, N
ew Y
ork
1002
2.
Bric
ks a
nd M
orta
rboa
rds.
A g
uide
for
the
deci
sion
-mak
ers
in h
ighe
r ed
ucat
ion
: how
the
colle
ges
and
univ
ersi
ties
can
prov
ide
enou
gh s
pace
for
the
burg
eoni
ng e
nrol
lmen
ts o
f thi
s de
cade
; how
the
spac
eca
n be
mad
e ad
apta
ble
to th
e in
evita
ble
chan
ges
inth
e ed
ucat
iona
l pro
cess
in th
e de
cade
s ah
ead.
(O
neco
py a
vaila
ble
with
out c
harg
e. A
dditi
onal
cop
ies
51.0
0.)
Col
lege
Stu
dent
s Li
ve H
ere.
A r
epor
t on
the
wha
t, w
hy,
and
how
of c
olle
ge h
ousi
ng; r
evie
ws
the
fact
ors
invo
lved
in p
lann
ing,
bui
ldin
g, a
nd fi
nanc
ing
stud
ent r
esid
ence
s.T
he C
ost o
f a S
choo
lhou
se. A
rev
iew
of t
he fa
ctor
sco
ntrib
utin
g to
the
cost
and
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
scho
olho
usin
g, in
clud
ing
plan
ning
, bui
ldin
g, a
ndfin
anci
ng.
Des
ign
for
ET
VP
lann
ing
for
Sch
ools
with
Tel
evis
ion.
A r
epor
t on
faci
litie
s, p
rese
nt a
nd fu
ture
, nee
ded
toac
com
mod
ate
inst
ruct
iona
l tel
evis
ion
and
othe
r ne
wed
ucat
iona
l pro
gram
s. P
repa
red
for
EF
L by
Dav
eC
hapm
an, I
nc.,
Indu
stria
l Des
ign.
Rel
ocat
able
Sch
ool F
acili
ties.
A s
urve
y of
por
tabl
e,de
mou
ntab
le, m
obile
, and
div
isib
le s
choo
lhou
sing
in u
sein
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
anti
a pl
an fo
r th
e fu
ture
.T
he S
choo
lhou
se in
the
City
. EF
L's
annu
al r
epor
t for
1965
and
an
essa
y on
how
the
citie
s ar
e de
sign
ing
and
rede
sign
ing
thei
r sc
hool
hous
es to
mee
t the
prob
lem
s of
rea
l est
ate
cost
s, p
opul
atio
n sh
ifts,
segr
egat
ion,
pov
erty
, and
igno
ranc
e.T
he S
choo
l Lib
rary
. A r
epor
t on
faci
litie
s fo
r in
depe
nden
tst
udy,
with
sta
ndar
ds fo
r th
e si
ze o
f col
lect
ions
,se
atin
g ca
paci
ty, a
nd th
e na
ture
of m
ater
ials
tobe
inco
rpor
ated
.S
choo
l Sch
edul
ing
by C
ompu
ter/
The
Sto
ry o
f GA
SP
.A
rep
ort o
f the
com
pute
r pr
ogra
m d
evel
oped
by
MIT
to h
elp
colle
ges
and
high
sch
ools
con
stru
ct th
eir
com
plex
mas
ter
sche
dule
s.T
o B
uild
or
Not
to B
uild
. A s
tudy
of t
he u
tiliz
atio
n cf
inst
ruct
iona
l spa
ce in
sm
all l
iber
al a
rts
colle
ges,
with
ado
-it-y
ours
elf w
orkb
ook
for
the
indi
vidu
al u
se o
f the
inst
itutio
ns th
at w
ish
to s
urve
y th
eir
own
utili
zatio
n le
vels
.
Pro
files
of S
igni
fican
t Sch
ools
A s
erie
s of
rep
orts
whi
ch p
rovi
de in
form
atio
n on
som
e of
the
late
st d
evel
opm
ents
in s
choo
l pla
nnin
g an
d de
sign
:H
olla
rd H
igh
Sch
ool,
Hol
land
, Mic
higa
nH
igh
Sch
ools
150
2 ed
ucat
iona
l cha
nge
and
arch
itect
ural
con
sequ
ence
Sch
ools
With
out W
alls
open
spa
ce a
nd h
ow it
wor
ksM
iddl
e S
choo
lsco
ntro
vers
y an
d ex
perim
ent
34 W
WI.
9$
Cas
e S
tudi
es o
f Edu
catio
nal F
acili
ties
A s
erie
s of
rep
orts
whi
ch p
rovi
de in
form
atio
n on
spe
cific
solu
tions
to p
robl
ems
in s
choo
l pla
nnin
g, d
esig
n, a
ndco
nstr
uctio
n.6.
A C
olle
ge H
ealth
Cen
ter.
Cas
e st
udy
of a
mod
el c
ente
rfo
r sm
all p
rivat
e co
llege
s; a
rchi
tect
ural
des
ign
byC
audi
ll, R
owle
tt &
Sco
tt.
7. N
ew B
uild
ing
on C
ampu
s: S
ix D
esig
ns fo
r a
Col
lege
Com
mun
icat
ions
Cen
ter.
Gra
phic
rep
rese
ntat
ions
of th
e re
sults
of a
n ar
chite
ctur
al c
ompe
titio
n fo
ra
new
spa
ce to
hou
se th
e ac
cout
erm
ents
of i
nstr
uctio
nal
aids
and
med
ia.
8. T
he S
choo
ls a
nd U
rban
Ren
ewal
. A c
ase
stud
y of
the
Woo
ster
Squ
are
rene
wal
pro
ject
in N
ew H
aven
,C
onne
ctic
ut.
9. A
ir S
truc
ture
s fo
r S
choo
l Spo
rts.
A s
tudy
of
air-
supp
orte
d sh
elte
rs a
s ho
usin
g fo
r pl
ayfie
lds,
swim
min
g po
ols,
and
oth
er p
hysi
cal e
duca
tion
activ
ities
.10
. The
New
Cam
pus
in B
ritai
n: Id
eas
of C
onse
quen
cefo
r th
e U
nite
d S
tate
s. R
ecen
t Brit
ish
expe
rienc
e in
univ
ersi
ty p
lann
ing
and
its im
plic
atio
ns fo
r A
mer
ican
educ
ator
s, a
rchi
tect
s, a
nd p
lann
ers.
11. D
ivis
ible
Aud
itoriu
ms.
Ope
rabl
e w
alls
con
vert
littl
e-us
ed a
udito
rium
s an
d th
eate
rs in
to m
ultip
urpo
se, h
ighl
yut
ilize
d sp
ace
for
the
perf
orm
ing
arts
and
inst
ruct
ion.
12. T
he H
igh
Sch
ool A
udito
rium
: Six
Des
igns
for
Ren
ewal
. Ren
ovat
ion
of ti
ttle-
used
aud
itoriu
ms
in o
ldan
d m
iddl
e-ag
ed s
choo
ls to
acc
omm
odat
e co
ntem
pora
ryed
ucat
iona
l, dr
amat
ic, a
nd m
usic
pro
gram
s.
Tec
hnic
al R
epor
ts1.
Aco
ustic
al E
nviro
nmen
t of S
choo
l Bui
ldin
gs b
y Jo
hnLy
on R
eid
and
Dar
iel F
itzro
yAco
ustic
s of
aca
dem
icsp
ace
in s
choo
ls. A
n an
alys
is o
f the
sta
tistic
alda
ta g
athe
red
from
mea
sure
men
t and
stu
dy.
2. T
otal
Ene
rgy
On-
site
ele
ctric
pow
er g
ener
atio
n fo
rsc
hool
s an
d co
llege
s, e
mpl
oyin
g a
sing
le e
nerg
y so
urce
to p
rovi
de li
ght,
heat
, air
cond
ition
ing,
and
hot
wat
er.
Col
lege
New
slet
ter
A p
erio
dica
l on
desi
gn q
uest
ions
for
colle
ges
and
univ
ersi
ties.
.:".3
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tr.
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44
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et
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