DOCUMENTATION OFDECISION-AIDING SOFTWARE:

INFER SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONDECISIONS AND DESIGNS INC.

Dorothy M. AmeyPhillip H. Feuerwerger

Roy M. Gulick

June 1979

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DEES D ADVSAC D PROJCT AGENC

Office of Naval Research * Engineering Psychology Programs

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DOCUMENTATION OF DECISION-AIDING SOFTWARE:V INFER SVSTEU SPECIFICATION

by

Dorothy M. Amey, Phillip H. Feuerwerger, and Roy M. Gulick

Sponsored by

Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyARPA Order 3469

June 1979

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P.OBox 907Mc Lean, Virginia 22101 OFTW TART:- A -

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CONTENTS

Page

FIGURES ii

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Purpose of the System Specification 1

1.2 References 1

1.3 Terms 21.3.1 INFER 21.3.2 Terms 2

2.0 DESIGN DETAILS 3

2.1 Background 3

2.2 General Operating Procedures 3

2.3 System Logical Flow 3

2.4 HIPO Documentation 6

F or

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Dist

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FIGURES

Figure

2-1 LEGEND OF HIPO SYMBOLS5

2-2 OVERALL DIAGRAM AND VISUAL TABLE

- OF CONTENTS 7

INFER SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1:1 Purpose of the System Specification

The INFER System Specification is a technical document

written for software development personnel. Together with

the INFER Functional Description, the System Specification

guides the software development effort by identifying the

functional requirements and by providing structured logic

diagrams that depict the flow, control, and processing of

VW information within the system.

The System Specification is generic documentation

intended to guide and facilitate the preparation of thelanguage-specific and computer hardware-specific program

documentation and coding that are necessary to implement and

operate INFER at an installation.

1.2 References

1.2.1 IBM, HIPO--A Design Aid and Documentation Tech-

nique. Technical Publication GC20-1851-0.

White Plains, New York: IBM, October 1974.

1.2.2 Amey, Dorothy M.; Feuerwerger, Phillip H.;

Gulick, Roy M. Documentation of Decision-Aiding....-:.Software: INFER Functional Description. McLean,

Virginia: Decisions and Designs, Inc., June

1979.

1.2.3 Amey, Dorothy M.; Feuerwerger, Phillip H.;

Gulick, Roy M. Documentation of Decision-Aiding

Software: INFER Users Manual. McLean, Virginia:Decisions and Designs, Inc., June 1979.

1.3 Terms

1.3.1 INFER - The name of the system, INFER, is an

abbreviation for inference, reflecting the logical process

supported by the software.

i,11.3.2 HIPO - The specification uses the standard Hier-

archy plus Input-Process-Output (HIPO) diagramming techniqueto depict the structural design and logical flow of thesystem. A legend explaining the HIPO diagramming symbols isincluded. Reference 1.2.1 provides a complete description

of the HIPO documentation technique.

2

4..

*. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . ..- . .,. .

2.0 DESIGN DETAILS

2.1 Background

" Systems development personnel should refer to the INFER

Functional Description, reference 1.2.2, in conjunction with

the documentation contained in this specification. The

Functional Description details the inference models imple-

mented by INFER and discusses the specific functions that

the software must perform. In addition, systems development

personnel may wish to refer to the INFER User's Manual,

Reference 1.2.3.

- 2.2 General Operating Procedures

INFER is a menu-driven system. That is, the system is

designed to interact with the user by presenting a sequen-

*' tial hierarchy of menus and asking the user to respond by

selecting one option from the current menu. If the user

does not select one of the menu options, the system displays

the previous menu. In this manner, the user moves up and

down the hierarchy, as desired. Whenever data entry is

required as a result of option selection, the system spe-

cifically requests the data and specifies the format.

The system is also designed to be generally forgiving

of procedural errors by the user.

2.3 System Logical Flow

INFER is a hierarchically structured, modular software

system. The system structure and logical flow lends itself

to presentation in the form of HIPO diagrams, which are

contained in this document.

3. -" .3 .!

The main purpose of the HIPO diagrams is to provide, ina pictorial manner, the complete set of modular elementsnecessary to the operation of INFER including all input,

"output, and internal functional processing. This is done by*: displaying input items to the process step which uses them,* defining the process, and showing the resulting output of

the process step.

The HIPO documentation diagrams are designed and drawnin a hierarchical fashion from the main calling routines tothe detail-level operation/calculation routines. Extended

written descriptions are given below a HIPO diagram wheneverit is deemed necessary.

A complete explanation of the symbolic notation used in

the HIPO diagrams appears in reference 1.2.1. An abbre-viated legend for the symbols used in this specification ispresented in Figure 2-1. Note that:

a. External system subroutines are depicted partlyin the Process block and partly out. Internal

subroutines are shown within the Process block.

b. Overview diagrams show general inputs and outputsonly, whereas detail/subroutine-level diagrams

show specific input/output tables and/or displays.

c. Rectangular boxes inside the Input/Output blockareas are generally used to denote single dataitems. Two or more boxes are grouped to show thatseveral data items are input/output.

d. Rectangular boxes inside the Process block indi-cate repetitive subprocesses.

-. 4

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fumction Identified butgot included in package

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t dt nor output iter*, ..' Subroutine In~vke

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outine receives control Input foutput mdim---In includes drun. disk.

Storage tape diskettes

Routine ezito or return Control

< jj) 1*fointin d~hley by f agnmetic tape impute

em line ndicatere--prpted eutput ndium

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Figure 2-1

LEGEND OF HIPO SYMBOLS

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7 :-7:

The HIPO diagrams appear in the next section, which

completes the System Specification.

2.4 HIPO Documentation

The HIPO diagram identification numbers and figure

numbers used in this section stand alone; i.e., they start

with 1.0, increase hierarchically, and are independent of

the numbering scheme used to this point in this document.

Figure 2-2 is a system structure chart and represents

the overall program logic flow in a visual table of contents.The Visual Table of Contents diagram shows the hierarchical

structure, the functional description labels, and the diagram

(chart) identifiers of functions of INFER.

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EVENT NAMES OUTCOME NAMES for events (-N arrays)

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NODE STRUCTURE TABLE* A•

* J Number of outcomes for node 3NI- Number of associated outcome probabilities

from influencing nodes (number joint probabilities)

The number of influencing nodesspecified (node type)

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PROBABILITY TABLES

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INFER MODEL DEFINITION TABLES (continued)

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