Documentation of "PLOTPS": Outputting Tools for Post Script Code

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Teruyuki KatoForecast Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute

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Documentation of the "PLOTPS" tools outputting the codes of PostScript

Teruyuki KatoForecast Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute

Abstract

This technical report is the users’ manual of "PLOTPS," a tool for drawing figures with PostScript codes.

PLOTPS was developed based on the programming language Fortran 77. Since PostScript code is one of many

programming languages, such as Fortran and C, the four fundamental rules of arithmetic calculation can be

expressed using it for the input-output of data. Codes for drawing figures are supplied in PostScript, so that

figures can be shown on workstation displays and personal computers by converting these codes with software

such as GhostScript, and output using corresponding printers. Standard image files (e. g. , GIF and JPG)

deteriorate through extension and reduction, while printed figures using PostScript codes do not, because they

are expressed with vectors. The PostScript codes that are often used are described briefly in CHAPTER 9.

The users’ manual of "PLOTPS" has been utilized as an on-line manual for UNIX. The description of the

functions of "PLOTPS" can be displayed by a command on UNIX. However, the users’ manual of "PLOTPS"

has now been published because it is utilized in programming simulated results of the nonhydrostatic model,

offered to universities and related organizations from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). "PLOTPS" is

also used in the drawing tool of "PANDAH" that will be operated in the numerical prediction routine of the

JMA. Since this users’ manual is printed using a Fortran program with "PLOTPS," a new one can be easily

updated whenever the "PLOTPS" is improved.

The history of drawing tools in the JMA is described below. Initially, "GPSL," an XY-plotting code that

controls the pens that draw figures, was introduced. "KGRAF," produced by Hitachi, was then used in

conjunction with laser printers. "GPSL" was effectively converted to "KGRAF" and used until the computer

system was replaced with the Hitachi-SR8000. The laser printers connected to the computer system could

output only black-and-white figures. Since inexpensive color printers were purchased, the research results

were required to be output in color. The codes for color were not available in PostScript level-1, but were

introduced in PostScript level-2 in the latter half of the 1990’s. Against this background, "PLOTPS" began

being programmed adhering to "GPSL" because there were many programs using this system. "GPSL" only

contains codes for drawing lines, not for painting areas within closed curves. Since Postscript prepares the

codes for painting areas within closed curves, beautiful figures with color have been created using "PLOTPS."

Furthermore, most of the functions in "GPSL" were re-introduced using the same function names in

"PLOTPS," so that most of the programs using "GPSL" can output PostScript codes by using "PLOTPS." The

functions in "GPSL" introduced in "PLOTPS" are described in Appendix 2.

In addition to "PLOTPS," drawing tools outputting PostScript codes were developed by the Institute of

Global Environment and Society, "GrADS" (The Grid Analysis and Display System), the National Center for

Atmospheric Research ("NCAR Graphics"), and GFD-Dennou Club, "GFD-Dennou Library." The above tools

depend on computers to display figures. However, "PLOTPS" only outputs PostScript codes, so that it can

draw the research results immediately wherever Fortran programs can be run. Many meteorologists use

"GrADS," but there is one serious problem. PostScript files are quite because the PostScript codes are output

by other software. Since "PLOTPS" was developed to produce the smallest possible Postscript files, the files

produced by "PLOTPS" are 10 to 40 % the size of those produced by "GrADS." Furthermore, "PLOTPS" was

also developed to facilitate output file modifications by using the advantages of programming language, and

satisfies the requirements of the Japanese language, as can this manual.

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CHAPTER 1: £�¤.¥0¦g§.¨Y© ôgªAÛZÜ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

Ú � �HYAJ>«q¬V¬ 2 Û3é - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

CHAPTER 2: ­�®P¯�° CHFILEMT :

�e� ~º�¦�ZY²±8³ 2 ¥ * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7

DIMTAB : ´�µ�~º�¦�ZYl�CP 2Y¶ w Á 99 ±�~=�¦�ZY�ä��¸·�¹._�ºq> �9� Æ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7

DIMTAB2 : ´�µ�~º�¦�ZYl�CP 2Y¶ w Á¼» ' 2 Ë�½¿¾ÁÀgÂg·�¹7Æ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7

ENDOFPS : ´�µ�~º�¦�ZY²ÃDÄ 2Y¶ w - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8

NEWFILE : �XGQ� �e� ~=�²�3Y 2 ßbJ9rb¬ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8

SHOWPAGE: �AJ9ÿ;Å_Ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8

SPSA3 : ´�µ�~º�¦�ZYl�CP 2Y¶ w Á A3 Æ7Æ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9

SPSA3V : ´�µ�~º�¦�ZYl�CP 2Y¶ w Á A3 Ç7Æ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9

SPSA4 : ´�µ�~º�¦�ZYl�CP 2Y¶ w Á A4 Æ7Æ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9

SPSA4V : ´�µ�~º�¦�ZYl�CP 2Y¶ w Á A4 Ç7Æ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10

CHAPTER 3: È�ÉP¯�° [

[ ?;a=pKS � �5YºJ iAõ ¬ ]

GSFACI : ~ õ Y8Ê µ ` 9 ufJf�=¬Uí � © k;2 ·g¹ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12

GSFAIS : ~ õ Y8Ê µ ` �=¬ i µ ` k ¶Z�ZY 2 ·g¹ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12

GSFASI : ~ õ Y8Ê µ ` k ¶Z�3Y;�_¬¦í � © k;2 ·�¹ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13

PENX : ^ 2 �0Ë̾ÎÍ/��¾ÁÏ 2 ·�¹ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13

SETBAR : 9 ufJ þ J 2 ¹gÐ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15

E2 ]

SETBARSM: 9 ufJ þ JQ�UnQoARºS�ÜCó 2 [Qó�heÃQó,Ñ Ç Þ�¬>Ò 2 ·�¹ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15

LE ]

SETCURVE: Bezier ]^7­XugÓfJ;¶ 2 ·g¹ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16

SETDRW : Ñ ?�RAS;Ô�Õ Z

2 x-y ¸ °P& 2YÖg×gØ`Ù ¹�Ð [ ASHADE, ASHADE2, - - - - - - - - - - - 16

OT ]

SETDRW2 : Ú0Û (r- Ü ) Ý ØÞÙVÖ�×0ØÞÙ ¹�Ð - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17

OT ]

SETDRW3 : Ú0Û ( Ü -r) Ý ØÞÙVÖ�×0ØÞÙ ¹�Ð - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17

OT ]

SETDXDY : ß�à�ágâ ÙVã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18

OT ]

SETERGB2: åçæéè�êÞë RGB ì3íYîÞï�ð@ñ,ò5óPô�õDö - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19

T2 ]

SETFNT : ÷�ø�ù8ú�í�û ÙVã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19

SETHAC : ü�ý`þ Ùÿ���������� �������.ÙYãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19

SETKCODE: ��ø ����������eÙYãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20

SETKFNT : ��ø ���� ùPú�í û ÙVã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20

SETMULTD: ����Ý Ù��� �!�"�#`ÙVã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21

SETNUM : $�% ��& % "�#�ÙYã�ä [ NUMBER ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21

SETPAGE : ')(�ñ�û Ù�*� �+), ÙVã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22

SETPRINT : PostScript - �.�/�0�1�ÙYãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22

SETRGB : RGB ì.íYîÞï�ð@ñ Ù�2�3�ãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23

SETRGBI : RGB ì.íYîÞï�ð@ñ ÙYãgä 4 åçæeè�êÞë65879 ö6: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23

SETSCALE : y ;�< Ù ó�= / >�? ÙYãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24

SETSPV : @BA�C�D�E ÙYãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24

DE ]

SETSTRM : F�G ��ÙBHBI�JLK8M�N�O Ù�H�IQP = ��R ò &gä [ STREAM ] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25

SETSYM : -�ø ÙYÿ�� ò &0ä ë6S �)T åçæVUDõ�W �X� ã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26

SETT3D : 3 Y�Z\[�]�à�^ ÙVã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26

X, FILTRIA2,

L3 ]

SETUNIT : _�`@ùbaVì�c Ù�dfe [\] Phg�i�j�k�l�mbT8Ù�n�o3ÙYãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27

SETUVPL : p�q�rts3ðpûuc�v N�w,Ù6�xP = ��Ry��z�{.Ù6o�| ò &0ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27

OT ]

SETVAL : }�C � C ò�~��Põ,ö �������PÙ���� [CONTR] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28

SETVAL2 : }�C � ò *���� í J�K�M }�C � C ò��t�.ö H�I ò &gä [CONTR] - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29

SPACE : -�ø������ ÙYãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29

CHAPTER 4: ������ ������ ARC1 : �@Ú �����)J�K�M ; o��)Tf&gä�R �.ö���  Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31

ARC2 : ¡£¢ JLK8M����)T�&gä�R �,ö���  Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31

AROHD : &gä R ��S ��¤�Ù8NtOPÙ6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31

ARROW : NtO Ù�*�

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32

AXIS : ��¥�Ù [�]�¦ Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33

BAR : §pïy¨gè �6�B� §pïy¨ Ù�� 98©�ª�«�ù Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33

CIRC1 : �@Ú �����)T�&0ä R �,ö�� Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34

CIRC2 : �@Ú � ��¬�­ ÙX® ¢ Tf&gä�R �,ö�� Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34

CIRC3 : ¡£¢ JLK8M����)T�&gä�R �,ö�� Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34

CIRCL : � P ��  Ph¯�°�Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35

CNTRL : ±�²�5 ã�ä�R ��³�9 ö�î �t´ ¢ H ò�µ�¢�¶ �bTf· ê - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35

CONTR : }�C ��Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36

DASHL : ±�²�5 ã�ä�R ��³�9 ö�î �t´ ¢ H ò�¸ �bT8· ê - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36

DASHP : ¸ �`Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37

DRAWTXT : ')(�ñ�û Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37

DSCALE : [�]�¦ J�K�M TICK ¹ � ð Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38

ELLIPS : º�� P º���  Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38

ELIPS : º�� P º���  Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39

FLINE : ±�²�5 ã�ä�R ��³�9 ö�î �t´ ¢ H ò6» ��¼ S�½�¾ �bT8· ê - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39

GPL : ¿�� ��Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40

GRID : á�â Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40

LINE : ±�²�5 ã�ä�R ��³�9 ö�î �t´ ¢ H òyÀ �bT8· ê - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41

LINE2 : » �`Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41

NUMBER : Á�Â�?\%�¢ Ù %�C Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42

NUMBER3 : Á�Â�?\%�¢ Ù %�C Ù6*� 43 Y�Z\[�]�à�^t: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42

PLOT : » �`Ù�*� ÃPÅÄ ¢ Ù6Æ Â PÇ�)��È�ÉLÊËP _�`@ùÌa;ìBcBÍbÎ Ù�Ï�Ð - - - - - - - - - - - - 43

PLOT1 : ¿�� ��Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44

PLOT3 : » �`Ù�*� 43 Y�Z�[\]�à�^�: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44

RECT : Ñt; ¥3Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45

SMOOT : ¢�² H ò ��Ò�ÓÔ��� ¾ ��¼ S�½f» �bT8· ê - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45

STREAM : F�G ��Ù6*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46

SYMBOL : -�ø Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46

SYMBOL3 : -�ø Ù�*� 43 Y�Z�[\]�à�^�: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47

UVHPLOT : ±�² U,VÙ p�q�rs.ð ûÕc�v N�w.Ù�*� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48

YABANE : N�w.Ù�*�

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49

CHAPTER 5: ������ �×ÖÙØÛÚ�ÜÞÝß� ASHADE : ±�²�àÌáßÂgåçæeè�êÞë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52

ASHADE2 : 2�3 à�â�ã � C T à�±�²�àVåçæeè�êÞë P ügý`þ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53

ATILE : ´ ìBc)5 K ö�±�²�àLá�Â�å æéè�êÞë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 55

ATILE2 : 2�´ ì�cb5 K ö 3 à6â�ã � C T à�±�²LàYå æéè�ê`ë P ü�ý�þ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56

DRAWBAR : ä« ��åÌ� à *� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 58

DRAWBAR2: 2�3 à�â�ã � C�56æ õDö�ät« ��åÌ� à *� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 58

FILARC : �@Ú �����)J�K�M ; o��)Tf&gä�R �.ö�ç ¥ àYåçæeè�ê`ë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59

FILARC2 : ¡(è�à ���)J�K�M ; o��)Tf&gä�R �.ö��� LàYåçæeè�ê`ë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 60

FILARROW: NtO àVåçæeè�ê`ë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 61

FILBOX : è�ï�ð@ñ�é�àYå æéè�ê`ë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 62

FILELIPS : º�� P º��� �àVåçæéè�êÞë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 62

FILTRIA : F�G � } T8êÙ��NtO àVåçæeè�ê`ë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 63

FILTRIA2 : ë ��¥ é�àVåçæeè�êÞë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64

FLUSH : ì�í�c � ¨`í SHADE T á�î R ��Så æéè�êÞë;î �´ ò *�ï - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64

GFA : ù�ð6ctñóòyô�àVåçæéè�êÞë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 65

RECT2 : Ñt; ¥ à *� �� åçæéè�êÞë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 65

SHADE : åçæéè�êÞë P ügý`þ²î �´ ò�î �´8õ ïÞû£5Yá�î - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 66

CHAPTER 6: ö�÷fø)÷\��� CLIPAREA :

j� �l�m ògð�ò�ï\ù�íBª@õDö - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69

GRAREA : j� �l�m à�ð�ò�ï\ù�íBª�ò�ÍbÎ0õ,ö - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69

MULTDRAW: ����Ýà �� �!�"�# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69

ROTFIG : Ý ¥ ò�ú�û R�ü ö - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 70

TXTSIZE : -�ø�²Þò *� R�ü S�ýà�þ�ÿ�à�Ñ R ò��Dõ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 70

WHERE : � ífà���� o�| ò��Dõ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 71

CHAPTER 7: ’GPSL’ ����Ý �\�B� DEVICE : ��� À�� ë � 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 73

GPSLTM : _�`@ùbaVì�c�Í)Îà Ï�Ð - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 73

FACTOR : Ý ¥ þ�ÿ�àVót= � >�?`ò " õ�������â�à ãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 73

LINSEL : � à�����à &gä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 74

NEWPEN : � ífà ��� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 74

RWIND : ��E �!�� æ�[\] à &0ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 74

VSINI : g�i���H�� æ�[\] à &0ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 75

(® ú ��à�! d\T _�`�ùÌa;ìBc j�" ò Ï�Ð )

VSTERM : ��� À�� ë � 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 75

CHAPTER 8: ’KGRAF’ ����ÙÝ#�\��� GSCHH : -�ø�à�$ R à ãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77

GSCHSP : -�ø HBI à ã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77

GSCHUP : -�ø�à�­;<�s.ð ûuc)à ãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77

GSCHXP : -�ø � ót=&%�à ã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77

GSLN : � à�����à ã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 78

GSLWSC : �t� ó�='%�à ãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 78

GSPLCI : � à � à ãgä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 78

GSTXCI : -�ø�à � à ã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 79

GSTXFP : -�ø�ù8ú�í�û�à ã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 79

GTXS : -�ø�à *� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 80

KARCS : �@Ú �����)J�K�M ; o��)Tf&gä�R �.ö��� Là *� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 80

KCRCL : �@Ú �����)T�&0ä R �,ö��\à *� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 81

KSCTR : �@Ú �����)J�K�M ; o��)Tf&gä�R �.ö�ç ¥ àYåçæeè�ê`ë - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 81

CHAPTER 9: (*)'+*,.-*/�+10 ’GPSL’ à�2�%�à�3Pò�7�9�S { - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 84

å æéè�ê`ë � ü�ý`þ � }�C � à *� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 86

x- 465�àVá�â�­�à²î �´ àYå æ U ë � }�C � à *� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 89

PostscriptÐ�7 à18:9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 91

;�< 1 : COLOR INDEX à1=�> ã�ä - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 95

;�< 2 : ’GPSL’ ì�í6c � ¨Þí85@?6à�æ�A " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 96

2�%�BDC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 98