Does IU Have a Research Does IU Have a Research Publishing or Distribution Publishing or Distribution

Strategy?Strategy?David ShulenburgerDavid Shulenburger

Vice President for Academic AffairsVice President for Academic AffairsNational Association of State Universities and National Association of State Universities and

Land Grant Colleges (NASULGC)Land Grant Colleges (NASULGC)

SERIALS INCREASESERIALS INCREASE

1985/86 103,700 SERIALS TITLES1985/86 103,700 SERIALS TITLES

1999 161,000 SERIALS TITLES1999 161,000 SERIALS TITLES

INCREASE 55%INCREASE 55%

SOURCE: ULRICH’S INTERNATIONAL PERIODICALS DIRECTORYSOURCE: ULRICH’S INTERNATIONAL PERIODICALS DIRECTORY

CALIBRATIONSCALIBRATIONSBETWEEN 1986 AND 2000BETWEEN 1986 AND 2000

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX INCREASED 57%CONSUMER PRICE INDEX INCREASED 57%

COST OF MONOGRAPHS INCREASED 66%COST OF MONOGRAPHS INCREASED 66%

PRICE OF HEALTH CARE INCREASED 111% (’86-PRICE OF HEALTH CARE INCREASED 111% (’86-

98)98)

COST OF SCHOLARLY JOURNALS INCREASED COST OF SCHOLARLY JOURNALS INCREASED

226%226%

ARL LIBRARY BUDGETS INCREASED 105%ARL LIBRARY BUDGETS INCREASED 105%

UNSUSTAINABLE! 1986-2000UNSUSTAINABLE! 1986-2000

0%50%

100%150%200%250%300%350%400%450%500%

Price Increase

Volume Increase

Increase to Keep 1986ProportionLibrary BudgetIncrease

JOURNAL AVERAGE PRICE JOURNAL AVERAGE PRICE INCREASES BY DISCIPLINARY INCREASES BY DISCIPLINARY

CATEGORY – 2002- 2006CATEGORY – 2002- 2006 AGRICULTURE 41%AGRICULTURE 41% ANTHROPOLOGY 39%ANTHROPOLOGY 39% ART AND ARCHITECTURE ART AND ARCHITECTURE 38%38% ASTRONOMY 37%ASTRONOMY 37% BIOLOGY 42%BIOLOGY 42% Botany 41%Botany 41% BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 42%BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 42% CHEMISTRY 34%CHEMISTRY 34% EDUCATION 47%EDUCATION 47% ENGINEERING 35%ENGINEERING 35%

CPI 2002-2006 increased by 12%

FOOD SCIENCE 44%FOOD SCIENCE 44% GENERAL SCIENCE 36%GENERAL SCIENCE 36% GENERAL WORKS GENERAL WORKS 34%34% GEOGRAPHY 32%GEOGRAPHY 32% GEOLOGY 31%GEOLOGY 31% HEALTH SCIENCES 40%HEALTH SCIENCES 40% HISTORY 52%HISTORY 52% LANGAUGE & LITERATURE 46%LANGAUGE & LITERATURE 46% LAW 42%LAW 42% LIBRARY & INFO. SCIENCES 53%LIBRARY & INFO. SCIENCES 53% MATH AND C. S. 30%MATH AND C. S. 30% MILITARY SCIENCE 56% MILITARY SCIENCE 56%

MUSIC 35%MUSIC 35% PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION 45%& RELIGION 45% PHYSICS 31% PHYSICS 31% POLITICAL SCIENCE 52%POLITICAL SCIENCE 52% PSYCHOLOGY 44%PSYCHOLOGY 44% RECREATION 41%RECREATION 41% SOCIOLOGY 48%SOCIOLOGY 48% TECHNOLOGY 35%TECHNOLOGY 35% ZOOLOGY 29%ZOOLOGY 29%

(SOURCE - LIBRARY JOURNAL 4/15/06)(SOURCE - LIBRARY JOURNAL 4/15/06)

WHY?WHY?

WE GAVE OUR INTELLECTUAL WE GAVE OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AWAY TO PRIVATE FIRMS PROPERTY AWAY TO PRIVATE FIRMS AND SCHOLARLY SOCIETIES.AND SCHOLARLY SOCIETIES.

THEY HAVE FOUND THEY CAN SELL IT THEY HAVE FOUND THEY CAN SELL IT BACK TO US AT PRICES THAT WILL BACK TO US AT PRICES THAT WILL PRODUCE PROFITS AND/OR SUPPORT PRODUCE PROFITS AND/OR SUPPORT THE COST OF OTHER ACTIVITIES.THE COST OF OTHER ACTIVITIES.

Your IUScholarWorksYour IUScholarWorks

““IUScholarWorksIUScholarWorks is available to capture is available to capture the scholarly output of IU’s reseachers. the scholarly output of IU’s reseachers.

Congratulations!Congratulations!

What might it accomplish for Indiana What might it accomplish for Indiana University?University?

ImagineImagine

All IU faculty refereed publications were on-lineAll IU faculty refereed publications were on-line All IU grant final reports were on lineAll IU grant final reports were on line All IU federally-funded data sets were on lineAll IU federally-funded data sets were on line All IU dissertations were on lineAll IU dissertations were on line All IU masters theses and senior honors papers All IU masters theses and senior honors papers All IU Centers and Institutes-related publications were on All IU Centers and Institutes-related publications were on

lineline All IU Extension publications were on lineAll IU Extension publications were on line

Imagine furtherImagine further

That all this were available through That all this were available through IUScholarWorks and readily identifiable IUScholarWorks and readily identifiable with IUwith IU

What Would be Different?What Would be Different?

For individual authors?For individual authors? For scholarship?For scholarship? For IU & its departments, centers and For IU & its departments, centers and

institutes?institutes?

Different For Authors?Different For Authors?

More Visibility for Your WorkMore Visibility for Your Work More Citations of Your WorkMore Citations of Your Work Therefore, more fame and fortune for you.Therefore, more fame and fortune for you.

On Line or InvisibleOn Line or InvisibleSteve Lawrence, Steve Lawrence, NatureNature 2001, Vol. 411p.253 2001, Vol. 411p.253

Gunther Eysenbach, “Citation Advantage of Gunther Eysenbach, “Citation Advantage of

Open Access ArticlesOpen Access Articles”” PLoS BiologyPLoS Biology 2006;4(5)e8 2006;4(5)e8

More citationsMore citations Article cited soonerArticle cited sooner Citations continue at a significant rate for a Citations continue at a significant rate for a

longer period of timelonger period of time

Where to Place Your Work to Win a Where to Place Your Work to Win a Fields Medal: arXiv.orgFields Medal: arXiv.org

3. math.DG/03072453. math.DG/0307245 [ [absabs, , psps, , pdfpdf, , otherother] : ] : Title: Title: Finite extinction time for the solutions to the Ricci flow on certain three-manifoldsFinite extinction time for the solutions to the Ricci flow on certain three-manifolds

Authors: Authors: Grisha PerelmanGrisha PerelmanComments: 7 pagesComments: 7 pagesSubj-class: Differential GeometrySubj-class: Differential GeometryMSC-class: 53CMSC-class: 53C  

4. math.DG/03031094. math.DG/0303109 [ [absabs, ps, pdf, other] : , ps, pdf, other] : Title: Title: Ricci flow with surgery on three-manifoldsRicci flow with surgery on three-manifolds

Authors: Authors: Grisha PerelmanGrisha PerelmanComments: 22 pagesComments: 22 pagesSubj-class: Differential GeometrySubj-class: Differential GeometryMSC-class: 53CMSC-class: 53C  

5. math.DG/02111595. math.DG/0211159 [abs, ps, pdf, other] : [abs, ps, pdf, other] : Title: Title: The entropy formula for the Ricci flow and its geometric applicationsThe entropy formula for the Ricci flow and its geometric applications

Authors: Authors: Grisha PerelmanGrisha PerelmanComments: 39 pagesComments: 39 pagesSubj-class: Differential GeometrySubj-class: Differential GeometryMSC-class: 53CMSC-class: 53C  

Grisha Perelman was selected as a recipient of the Field’s Medal in 2006 but he declined it

Different for Scholarship?Different for Scholarship?

Easier, More Complete Literature Review Easier, More Complete Literature Review Reduced Probability of Reinventing the Wheel—Reduced Probability of Reinventing the Wheel—

Less Wasted TimeLess Wasted Time University Resources Less Severely Restrict University Resources Less Severely Restrict

ScholarshipScholarship USUS Developing nationsDeveloping nations

More Rapid Development of KnowledgeMore Rapid Development of Knowledge

But Isn’t Everything On Line Now?But Isn’t Everything On Line Now?

Stephen A. Hansen, American Association Stephen A. Hansen, American Association for the Advancement of Sciencesfor the Advancement of Sciences

Survey of 2,157 U.S. Scientists in March Survey of 2,157 U.S. Scientists in March and April 2006 reported in Chronicle of and April 2006 reported in Chronicle of Higher Education Daily News (January 17, Higher Education Daily News (January 17, 2007)2007)

Nearly one-third said their own research Nearly one-third said their own research had been affected by difficulties in had been affected by difficulties in obtaining copyrighted scientific literature. obtaining copyrighted scientific literature.

Paper Delay: History or Current Paper Delay: History or Current Event?Event?

Fleming discovery of penicillin, Fleming discovery of penicillin, Journal of Journal of Experimental PathologyExperimental Pathology, 1928, 1928

Chain and Florey, 1938 “rediscovered” the Chain and Florey, 1938 “rediscovered” the Fleming article and developed penicillin. Fleming article and developed penicillin. Through USDA production and Through USDA production and manufacturing process perfected and used manufacturing process perfected and used by Allied troops in WWII.by Allied troops in WWII.

JSTORJSTOR

Older Articles Rediscovered When Placed Older Articles Rediscovered When Placed OnlineOnline

Citations to them increasedCitations to them increased

Different for IU and its Different for IU and its Departments, Centers and Departments, Centers and

InstitutesInstitutes?? Visibility IncreasesVisibility Increases Recognition of Value IncreasesRecognition of Value Increases Perhaps—Some of the Increased Value Perhaps—Some of the Increased Value

Becomes Tangible—More FundingBecomes Tangible—More Funding Internal-A Little Less Paperwork & A Lot Internal-A Little Less Paperwork & A Lot

More AccuracyMore Accuracy Impact on Proposal Success?Impact on Proposal Success?

It is not just academics who care.It is not just academics who care.

Pat Furlong Parent Project Muscular Pat Furlong Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy (focused on Duchenne MD)Dystrophy (focused on Duchenne MD)

Two sons with MDTwo sons with MD One unnecessary medical tragedyOne unnecessary medical tragedy

Real per FTE Funding of U.S. Higher Education (SHEEO)

$-

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Fiscal Year

EdApprops per FTE

TuitNet per FTE

Total Revenue per FTE

Real per FTE Funding of Indiana Higher Education (SHEEO)

$-

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000

$14,000

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

EdApprops per FTE

TuitNet per FTE

Total Revenue per FTE

The Data on Higher Education The Data on Higher Education FundingFunding

Tot. Ed. App. Tot. Ed. Rev. Student Tot. Ed. App. Tot. Ed. Rev. Student per FTE per FTE Shareper FTE per FTE ShareIndiana Indiana 1991 $7,052 $10,853 35%1991 $7,052 $10,853 35% 2006 $5,567 $11,061 49%2006 $5,567 $11,061 49% U.S. U.S. 1991 $6,954 $ 9,414 26.1%1991 $6,954 $ 9,414 26.1% 2006 $6,325 $ 9,891 36.0%2006 $6,325 $ 9,891 36.0%

Source: http://www.sheeo.org/finance/shef/shef_data.htm

What I Found in IUScholarWorksWhat I Found in IUScholarWorksNumber of Works Identified out of 2793 in Number of Works Identified out of 2793 in

the Collectionthe Collection Money Supply 476 Money Supply 476 Family Farms 645Family Farms 645 Quilts 65Quilts 65 Honey Bees 60Honey Bees 60 Waste WaterWaste Water

464464 Child Molesters 299Child Molesters 299

Pets 47Pets 47 AIDS 344AIDS 344 Measles 3Measles 3 Mumps 3Mumps 3 Christians 213Christians 213 Moslems 8Moslems 8

So, What is Your Role?So, What is Your Role?

IUScholarWorksIUScholarWorks Place Your Stuff in the IUScholarWorksPlace Your Stuff in the IUScholarWorks Develop Systems at Departmental, Develop Systems at Departmental,

College, Center & Institute to ensure that College, Center & Institute to ensure that the depositing routinely happensthe depositing routinely happens

Recreate the Historical File as Recreate the Historical File as possible/desirablepossible/desirable

Role - ContinuedRole - Continued

Live by the Golden RuleLive by the Golden Rule Modify Copyright RequestsModify Copyright Requests Publish in Open Access or Public Access Publish in Open Access or Public Access

JournalsJournals Make Sure Your Scholarly Society Make Sure Your Scholarly Society Values Support of Scholarship and Values Support of Scholarship and

uses journal revenues only to support uses journal revenues only to support its journal(s) its journal(s)

Support Your Library’s Hard DecisionsSupport Your Library’s Hard Decisions

Role ContinuedRole Continued

Insist that “Public Goods” Insist that “Public Goods” Remain PublicRemain Public

Support requirements that Scholarship produced Support requirements that Scholarship produced with Public Funds remain available to the Publicwith Public Funds remain available to the Public

Especially support implementation of NIH Public Especially support implementation of NIH Public Access RequirementAccess Requirement

Support similar public access legislative Support similar public access legislative initiatives in the futureinitiatives in the future

the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) voted Tuesday (Feb. 12, 2008) to give the voted Tuesday (Feb. 12, 2008) to give the University a worldwide license to make University a worldwide license to make each faculty member’s scholarly articles each faculty member’s scholarly articles available and to exercise the copyright in available and to exercise the copyright in the articles, provided that the articles are the articles, provided that the articles are not sold for a profit. not sold for a profit.

                   

NEARNEAR National Electronic Article National Electronic Article

RepositoryRepository

David Shulenburger, Association of Research Libraries Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., “Scholarly Communication Solutions: National Electronic Article Repository,” October 16, 1998.

REQUIRE AS A CONDITION OF RECEIVING FEDERAL REQUIRE AS A CONDITION OF RECEIVING FEDERAL RESEARCH FUNDS THAT THE AUTHOR OF ANY RESEARCH FUNDS THAT THE AUTHOR OF ANY

SCHOLARLY MANUSCRIPT ARISING OUT OF THE SCHOLARLY MANUSCRIPT ARISING OUT OF THE FUNDED PROJECT WOULD GRANT EXCLUSIVE FUNDED PROJECT WOULD GRANT EXCLUSIVE

COPYRIGHT TO A JOURNAL FOR NO MORE THAN COPYRIGHT TO A JOURNAL FOR NO MORE THAN 90 (OR 180) DAYS. 90 (OR 180) DAYS.

AFTER THE FIXED EXCLUSIVE COPYRIGHT PERIOD AFTER THE FIXED EXCLUSIVE COPYRIGHT PERIOD ENDS, REQUIRE THAT THE ARTICLE,IN THE FORM ENDS, REQUIRE THAT THE ARTICLE,IN THE FORM

IN WHICH IT WAS PUBLISHED, BE PLACED ON A IN WHICH IT WAS PUBLISHED, BE PLACED ON A PUBLICALLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE MAINTAINED PUBLICALLY ACCESSIBLE WEBSITE MAINTAINED

BY THE FUNDING AGENCY.BY THE FUNDING AGENCY.

THE AUTHOR COULD ALSO PLACE THE ARTICLE ON THE AUTHOR COULD ALSO PLACE THE ARTICLE ON THEIR OWN OR THEIR UNIVERSITY’S WEBSITE. THEIR OWN OR THEIR UNIVERSITY’S WEBSITE.

NIH Public Access MandateNIH Public Access Mandate The NIH Public Access Policy implements Division G, Title II, Section 218 of PL 110-The NIH Public Access Policy implements Division G, Title II, Section 218 of PL 110-

161 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008) which states: 161 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008) which states:

SEC. 218. The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that SEC. 218. The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them to the all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them to the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed Central an electronic version of their National Library of Medicine’s PubMed Central an electronic version of their final, peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be final, peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of publication: Provided, That the NIH shall implement the public access policy publication: Provided, That the NIH shall implement the public access policy in a manner consistent with copyright law. in a manner consistent with copyright law.

April 7, 2008 April 7, 2008 As of April 7, 2008, all articles arising from NIH funds must be submitted to As of April 7, 2008, all articles arising from NIH funds must be submitted to PubMed Central upon acceptance for publication. PubMed Central upon acceptance for publication.

May 25, 2008May 25, 2008 As of May 25, 2008, NIH applications, proposals, and progress reports must As of May 25, 2008, NIH applications, proposals, and progress reports must include the PubMed Central reference number when citing an article that include the PubMed Central reference number when citing an article that falls under the policy and is authored or co-authored by the investigator, or falls under the policy and is authored or co-authored by the investigator, or arose from the investigator’s NIH award. This policy includes applications arose from the investigator’s NIH award. This policy includes applications submitted to the NIH for the May 25, 2008 due date and subsequent due submitted to the NIH for the May 25, 2008 due date and subsequent due dates.dates.

Source: http://publicaccess.nih.gov/

PubMed Central Submission PubMed Central Submission MethodMethod

If you choose to publish your article in certain journals, you need do If you choose to publish your article in certain journals, you need do nothing further to comply with the submission requirement of the nothing further to comply with the submission requirement of the Policy. See Policy. See http://publicaccess.nih.gov/submit_process_journals.htm for a list of http://publicaccess.nih.gov/submit_process_journals.htm for a list of these journals.these journals.

For any journal other than one of those in this list, the author must:For any journal other than one of those in this list, the author must:

Inform the journal that the article is subject to the Public Access Inform the journal that the article is subject to the Public Access Policy when submitting it for publication. Policy when submitting it for publication.

Make sure that any copyright transfer or other publication Make sure that any copyright transfer or other publication agreement allows the article to be submitted to NIH in accordance agreement allows the article to be submitted to NIH in accordance with the Policy.with the Policy.

FEDERAL RESEARCH PUBLIC ACCESS FEDERAL RESEARCH PUBLIC ACCESS ACT (Cornyn/Lieberman) Introduced in ACT (Cornyn/Lieberman) Introduced in

2006 but not reintroduced in 20072006 but not reintroduced in 2007

Research funded by the eleven federal agencies Research funded by the eleven federal agencies that fund more than $100 million per year in that fund more than $100 million per year in research (Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, research (Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, HHS, Homeland Security, Education, Energy, HHS, Homeland Security, Transportation, EPA, NASA, NSF) Transportation, EPA, NASA, NSF)

That is published in a scholarly journals That is published in a scholarly journals Made electronically available, for free, six Made electronically available, for free, six

months after its publication in the scholarly months after its publication in the scholarly journal. journal.

FRPAA - continuedFRPAA - continued

Limited in reach to articles published in scholarly Limited in reach to articles published in scholarly journalsjournals

Specifically Excluded: classified research, Specifically Excluded: classified research, unpublished manuscripts, lab notes, phone logs, unpublished manuscripts, lab notes, phone logs, other background material used to produce the other background material used to produce the final manuscript, research resulting in works final manuscript, research resulting in works that generate revenue or royalties for authors that generate revenue or royalties for authors (such as books) and patentable discoveries, to (such as books) and patentable discoveries, to the extent necessary to protect a copyright or the extent necessary to protect a copyright or patent.patent.

Open Access vs. Public AccessOpen Access vs. Public Access

Cornyn/Lieberman and NIH’s Mandate are Cornyn/Lieberman and NIH’s Mandate are “Public Access”, not “Open Access”“Public Access”, not “Open Access”

What is the difference?What is the difference?

Open AccessOpen Access

Completely unfettered public access Completely unfettered public access No subscription fees, no membership in No subscription fees, no membership in

eligible groupeligible group Through OA journal, university portal, third Through OA journal, university portal, third

party portal (arXiv.org), etc., party portal (arXiv.org), etc., May be refereed or non-refereedMay be refereed or non-refereed

vs. Public Accessvs. Public Access

Available to public with some restriction on Available to public with some restriction on accessaccess

Common restriction is an embargo periodCommon restriction is an embargo period May be either refereed or non-refereed May be either refereed or non-refereed

materialmaterial

The NASULGC Engagement The NASULGC Engagement TraditionTradition

We are guided by the Morrill Act:We are guided by the Morrill Act:

… … to promote the liberal and practical education of to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life... professions in life...

To promote this end, we, of all scholars, have a To promote this end, we, of all scholars, have a special obligation to share our scholarship. special obligation to share our scholarship.

We need the traditional publishing routes for We need the traditional publishing routes for scholarship. scholarship.

University distribution will further enhance the University distribution will further enhance the value of IU research.value of IU research.