DOI and DataCite

Establishing information infrastructures

Dr. Irina Sens14. Conference „Consortia Library Systems: Technologies and Innovation“

23. Juni 2015

2

Overview

0. TIB

1. Persistent identification & DOI for research data

2. DataCite

3. DOI registration

4. How to take part

The TIB

http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/europe_map.htm

Main Building

The TIB

• German National Library for Architecture, Chemistry, Computer Science, Engineering, Mathematics, Physics, and Technology

• Collection scope of a national library Special collections: Grey literature, literature from East

Asia and East Europe• World‘s Largest Specialist Library for Science and

Technology• Customers in more than 60 countries• Founded 1959 – on the basis of the existing university

library (founded 1831)

The TIB

• Financed through national funds (30 %) and state funds (70 %)• National mission and responsibilities

• Member of the Leibniz-Association• Quality assurance via an external Evaluation Procedure

by the Leibniz-Association (Non-University Research Institutes) – 7 yearly interval

• Strengths, Weaknesses, Potentials• Prerequisite in order to qualify for the joint

national and state funding

TIB Hannover – Additional facts

• 14,7 million Euro annual acquisition budget

• 52,700 journal subscriptions (16,800 print; 35,900 digital)

• 9 million items

• Staff: ca. 400 people (librarians, researchers, IT people, etc.)

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Global Network

TechLib

Vision and Strategy:Publications of text, data, software code and more

TIB

text text

research data research data

3D-objects 3D-objects

simulation simulation

software software

scientific filmsscientific films

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1. Persistent identification &DOI for research data

• Anything that is the foundation • of further reserach

• is research data

• Data is evidence

Anything that is the foundation of further reserach

is research data

Data is evidence

Definition of research data

IRD

(g ra v /1 0 c m3 )

Sand

(% )

CaCO3

(% )

TOC

(% )

Radio

(% /s a n d )

Smect

(% /c l a y )

IRD

(g ra v /1 0 c m3 )

Sand

(% )

CaCO3

(% )

TOC

(% )

Radio

(% /s a n d )

Smect

(% /c l a y )

IRD

(g ra v /1 0 c m3 )

Sand

(% )

CaCO3

(% )

TOC

(% )

Radio

(% /s a n d )

Smect

(% /c l a y )

IRD

(g ra v /1 0 c m3 )

Sand

(% )

CaCO3

(% )

TOC

(% )

Radio

(% /s a n d )

Smect

(% /c l a y )

IRD

(g ra v /1 0 c m3 )

Sand

(% )

CaCO3

(% )

TOC

(% )

Radio

(% /s a n d )

Smect

(% /c l a y )

PS1389-3 PS1390-3 PS1431-1 PS1640-1 PS1648-1

Age (kyr) max. : 233.55 kyr PS1389-3ff

0.0

100.0

200.0

0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 .5 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 .5 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 .5 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 .5 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 .5 0 5 0 0 1 0 0

54° 0' 54° 0'

54°30' 54°30'

55° 0' 55° 0'

55°30' 55°30'

11°

11°

12°

12°

13°

13°

14°

14°

15°

15°

World vector shore lineGrain size class KOLP AGrain size class KOEHN2Grain size class KOEHNGeochemistryGrain size class KOLP BGrain size class KOLP DIN20 m

Scale: 1:2695194 at Latitude 0°

Source: Baltic Sea Research Institute, Warnemünde.

• Earth quake events => doi:10.1594/GFZ.GEOFON.gfz2009kciu• Climate models => doi:10.1594/WDCC/dphase_mpeps• Sea bed photos => doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.757741• Distributes samples => doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.51749• Medical case studies => doi:10.1594/eaacinet2007/CR/5-270407• Computational model => doi:10.4225/02/4E9F69C011BC8• Audio record => doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.339110• Grey Literature => doi:10.2314/GBV:489185967• Videos => doi:10.3207/2959859860

What type of data are we talking about?

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1. Persistent identification & DOI for data

• Social & politicalresponsibility

• European Commission requirements• Horizon 2020• Open Access strategies• Funding body requirements

Science policy requirement to publish research dataReusability of publicly funded research

Why? – Political significance!

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• STM Association – 2015 Report:“…The explosion of data-intensive research is challenging publishers to create new solutions

to link publications to research data (…)to facilitate data mining andto manage the dataset as a potential unit of

publication (…) Change continues to be rapid, with new leadership and coordination from

the Research Data Alliance (…)research funders have introduced or tightened

(data) policies data repositories have grown in number and type (…) and

DataCite was launched (...)discovery services such as Thomson Reuters’ Data

Citation Index…”

1. Persistent identification & DOI for dataWhy? – Publishing companies!

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1. Persistent identification & DOI for dataWhy? – Publishing companies!

• Brussels Declaration –STM Association publishing companies“… Sets or sub-sets of data that are submitted with a paper to a journal should wherever possible be made freely accessible to other scholars.”

• Response: data journalsExample: Nature: Scientific Data“Scientific Data's central mission is to help foster the sharing and re-use of the data underpinning scientific research.”

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1. Persistent identification & DOI for dataBut – scientific scepticism!

“A biologist would rather share their toothbrush than their gene name”

Mike Ashburner and othersProfessor in Dept of Genetics,

University of Cambridge, UK

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Options for publishing data:

Processes RD /

publication

Data collections and structured

databases

Primary data and data sets

Articles withRD

Datain publication

Data cited in the article, deposited in data centres &

repositories

Data in supplements

Data on private & institutional hard

disks

Independent data publications

1. Persistent identification & DOI for dataData landscape – the theory

Modified based on

STM / Smit, E: Avoiding a Digital Dark Age for Data: why data and publications belong together

ICSTI workshop Delivering Data in Science

PARIS, 5 March 2012

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Articles

Reality of data publishing:

Data centres/repositories

Supplements

Data on private / institutional hard disks

Few

Lack of archives in many subject

areas!

Potential for ‘data dumping’

overburdened!

~ 75 % of RD is never published

1. Persistent identification & DOI for dataData landscape – the reality

Modified based on

STM / Smit, E: Avoiding a Digital Dark Age for Data: why data and publications belong together

ICSTI workshop Delivering Data in Science

PARIS, 5 March 2012

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Modified based on

STM / Smit, E: Avoiding a Digital Dark Age for Data: why data and publications belong together

ICSTI workshop Delivering Data in Science

PARIS, 5 March 2012

Ideal case of data publishing:

RDin articles

RD indata centres and

repositories

Supplements

Data on private / institutional hard disks

Linking texts & data ‘enhanced publications’

If no other data integration is

possible

Journals request and checkRD filing

Support ‘enhanced publications’;

persistent identifiers

Generic & discipline-specific; interfaces for good

connection!

1. Persistent identification & DOI for dataData landscape – the future?

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• Clear referencing and citability• Links data to other publications• Increased visibility & enhanced access• Transparent research• Avoids duplication• Promotes scientific cooperation• Motivation for new research

1. Persistent identification & DOI for dataAdvantages

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• Resource can be clearly referenced & cited

• Persistent, i.e. also beyond the life span of the identified object, if necessary

• Clear separation between identification of the resource and the location reference

• PI is undertaken by registration agencies:• Standards for structure and syntax• Resolving mechanism

?

Zitieren

Wieder-verwen

den

Verifi-zieren

Zugang

Finden

Sichtbarmachen

Persistentidentification

(PI)

1. Persistent identification & DOI for dataProperties

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• International DOI Foundation (IDF) founded in 1998• Long-term persistence & accessibility to objects• Technology based on the Handle system.• May 2012: DOI System ISO Standard 26324 was published• Guaranteed, trustworthy responsibilities, uniform standards & work

flows• Quality control: obligatory metadata for each object• IDF currently consists of nine registration agencies (RA)• RA responsible for PI allocation and maintenance

DOI®, DOI.ORG® and shortDOI® are brand names of International DOI Foundation

1. Persistent identification & DOI for dataDOI system

Registration Agencies

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2. DataCite

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• Global consortium supportedby local institutions

• Goal: Publication infrastructure for data &non-textual content

• Service provider for data centres/content providers

• Non-commercial, non-profit

• Standards, work flows and best practice

• Based on the DOI system

2. DataCiteBackground

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Sturdy technicalinfrastructure.Annual Meetings:Hannover 2010Berkeley 2011Copenhagen 2012Washington 2013Nancy 2014Paris 2015

TIB allocates the first DOIs for data sets

Paris Memorandum.DataCite is founded in London. Seven members.

‘05‘03

DFG-funded project with German World Data Centres

‘09 ‘15

25 members8 associated members19 countries

Over 5 millionDOI names

2. DataCiteDevelopment

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CISTI – Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical InformationCalifornia Digital Library, USAPurdue University, USAOSTI – Office of Scientificand Technical Information, USAThe British LibraryTIB, GermanyZB MED, GermanyZBW, GermanyGESIS, GermanySUB Göttingen, Germany University of Tartu, EstoniaJaLC – Japan Link CenterDTIC – Technical Information Centerof DenmarkLibrary of TU Delft, The NetherlandsLibrary of ETH Zürich, SwitzerlandINIST – L’Institut de l’Information Scientifiqueet Technique, FranceSND – Swedish National Data ServiceANDS – Australian National Data ServiceNRCT – National Research Council of ThailandThe Hungarian Academy of Sciences CRUI – Conferenza dei Rettori delle Università ItalianeSAEON – South African Environmental Observation NetworkCERN – European Organization for Nuclear ResearchBIBSYS – Library System, Norway

Affiliated members:Digital Curation Center, UKMicrosoft Research, USAICPSR – Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research, USAKISTI – Korea Institute of Science and Technology InformationBGI – Bejiing Genomic Institute, ChinaIEEE, USAHarvard University Library, USAGWDG, Germany

2. DataCiteMembers

Membership applicationfor 2016

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SupportDataCite

Memberinstitution

Data CentreData CentreData Centre

Memberinstitution

Data CentreData CentreData Centre

… Cooperation

Managing Agent (TIB)

Member

AssociateStakeholder

International DOI Foundation

2. DataCiteStructure

DataCite – Board, Director and MA

Board:Adam Farquhar (President) Head of Digital Scholarship, The British LibraryPaul Bracke (Treasurer), Associate Dean for Research and Assessment/Associate Professor, Purdue University Libraries Brigitte Hausstein, Staff division of Data Registration Agency, GESISSalvatore Mele, Head of Open Access, CERN Karen Morgenroth (Deputy President) Manager, Content Access Services, National Research Council Irina Sens, Deputy Director, German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) Wilma van Wezenbeek, Director, TU Delft Library

Interims Director: Patricia Cruse, former Director Digital Preservation, California Digital Library

DataCite – Board, Director and MA

• Registered association under German law• Statutes:

• The Association is a non profit making organisation; its primary objectives are not for profit.

• Membership is open to all not for profit organisations who wish to allocate DOI names and use the Registration Agency of DataCite in their capacity as allocating agents.

• Yearly General Assembly

• Managing Agent/Administration Office located at TIB• Member support• Operating and maintaining IT infrastructure (+ Purdue)

Summer Meeting 2015

DataCite, in conjunction with EPIC, is planning a half-day event focusing on persistent identifiers on September 21, 2015. The event will be located in Paris on the day before the Research Data Alliance (RDA) Plenary meeting.

Potential topics include:• citing dynamic datasets, • managing versions with identifiers, • enabling user facing services with identifiers, and more

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• Members and associated members:

Libraries, information and data centres

• Working Groups:

Metadata

Best practices

• Other services:

Metadata Store, Search, Stats, OAI Provider http://www.datacite.org/services

2. DataCiteServices

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• In cooperation with CrossRef:• http://crosscite.org/citeproc/

Citation Formatter makes available citations in over 100 formats• http://crosscite.org/cn/

Content Negotiation can be used to automatically obtain access to the (previously deposited) media formats of an object

• With STM Association publishing companies:• Improved ability to access & find research data• Promotion of bidirectional links between data sets & publications in

data archives• Enhanced visibility of links between publications & data sets

2. DataCiteCooperative activities - I

CrossRef DataCite

Target Group: PublishersScholarly and professional research content. Journal articles, books, conference proceedings, etc. Reference linking and searchable metadata database.

Target Group: Libraries/Information Centers with national responsibilitiesData and Grey LiteratureActivities around establishing and sharing best-practices, identifying and solving some of the unique issues that arise with datasets. Working with data centres and organisations that hold data.

Very strong cooperation

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• Thomson Reuters - Data Citation Index• Harvesting metadata via DataCite• Advantages for customers:

Access to DCI statistics

• ORCID – ODIN project• ORCID and DataCite Interoperability Network• Inclusion of data sets in publication lists• Track the use of data sets• Link data sets to related

articles, licences and all participants• Follow-up project: THOR from June 2015

2. DataCiteCooperative activities - II

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• re3data & DataBib• To merge and act under the auspices

of DataCite as re3data

• MoU with RDA:• DataCite will become an

“organisational member”•

Endorsement of the Force11“Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles”

2. DataCiteCooperative activities - III

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3. DOI registration

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• By 6/2015, over 5,000,000 DOI names had been allocated by DataCite for:• Research data (~45%)• Grey literature objects (~40%)• Images (~10%)• Medical case studies• Videos• Maps• Learning objects• Status in May 2015: 5,392337 DOI names

3. DOI registrationTypes of content

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• Securing persistence• Providing metadata & landing pages• Securing data granularity (worthy of citation?)• DOI syntax:

Prefix is allocated by DataCite Suffix can be defined by the data centre Clear string Positive list: A-Z a-z 0-9 . : - _ /

New DOIs are resolvable after around 5 minutes DOI update globally available after a max. of 24 hours

3. DOI registrationDemands placed on data centres

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Data centre

Scientists

Metadata & URL

Data

DOI

Discovery Index

DOI Service – work flow

?

?Where does my data go?

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• Identifier (with type attribute)• Creator (with type and name identifier attributes)• Title (with optional type attribute)• Publisher• Publication year

• Recommended citation:Creator (Publication Year): Title. Publisher. Identifier

3. DOI registrationDataCite metadata schema - mandatory fields

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• Subject (with scheme attribute)• Contributor (with type and name identifier attributes)• Date (with type attribute)• Language• Resource type (with description attribute)• Alternate identifier (with type attribute)• Related identifier (with type and relation type attributes)• Size• Format• Version• Rights• Description (with type attribute)• GeoLocation (with point, box and place)

3. DOI registrationDataCite metadata schema – optional/recommended fields

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This is how for, example, the data set:Kuhlmann, H et al. (2009): Age models, iron intensity, magnetic susceptibility

records and dry bulk density of sediment coresfrom around the Canary Islands.

doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.727522

is analysed in the following article:Kuhlmann et al. (2004):

Reconstruction of paleoceanography offNW Africa during the last 40,000 years:influence of local and regional factors on sediment accumulation.

Marine Geology, 207(1-4), 209-224, doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.03.017

3. DOI registrationCiting with DOI - I - papers & research data

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• Very precise citation of videos:

• Can also be used for other mediaif fragmentation is supported:• PDF: doi.org/10.5438/0010#page=9

http://dx.doi.org/10.5446/393#t=01:21,02:04

DOI MFIDresolver

3. DOI registrationCiting with DOI - III – media fragment identifier

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Constantly being debated, but:no universally valid guidelines (so far) for the granularity of

research data!

Every object that is to be cited may be allocated a DOI!

3. DOI registrationData granularity

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• DOIs cannot be deleted

• A DOI should always persistently identify precisely one object

• A DOI refers to a landing page – this is where metadata & information about the object is noted

• Should the object identified by the DOI no longer be available, this has to be specified on the landing page

3. DOI registrationDOI facts

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https://mds.datacite.org/

• Register a data set• Update a data set• Upload a metadata file• Find a specific DOI

• Register several data sets• Update several data sets• Upload several metadata files• Retrieve metadata

Individual operations

User Interface (UI)

“Bulk” operations

Application Programming

Interface (API)

3. DOI registrationDataCite Metadatastore (MDS)

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DataCite provides its own test environment in which all services can be tested in a closed system: http://test.datacite.org

Resolver for test DOIs: http://dx.test.datacite.org

3. DOI registrationDataCite MDS - test environment

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4. How to take part

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• Membership• Collaboration with local data centres• Registration of DOIs• Collaboration in DataCite Working Groups• Co-determination in DataCite

• Associated membership• Collaboration in DataCite Working Groups• Provision of advice for DataCite

• Cooperation with a member as a data centre• DOI registration for your data sets

4. How to take partPossibilities

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Спасибо за внимание!

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