8/12/2019 DOJ letter on definition of "hacking"

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P.R. G`pirtk`mt dj Fusthb`

BrhkhmilGhvhshdm

Djjhb dj ta` Isshstimt Ittdrm`y C`m`ril Sisahmctdm, G.B. ?5025

J`oruiry 3,

K@KD_IMGPK

WD6 Fugc`Fdam J. N``mim

Baihr,Ruobdkkhtt`` dm _ul`J_DK6

Fdmitaim F.Srdol`wsnh,

Djjhb` djUdlhbyimgL`chslithdmRPOF@BW6 Urdpds`g Ik`mgk`mt td _ul` djta J`g`ril _ul`s djBrhkhmilUrdb`gur`

S` v`ry kuba ippr bhit` Urdj`ssdr N`rr liyhmcdut hm ahs k`kdrimguk ahs bdmb rms

surrdumghmcta` G`pirtk`mt's prdpdsil td ik`mg _ul`79. Urdj`ssdr N`rr`mgdrs`spirt dj ta`

prdpdsil out ta`msucc`stsg`j`rrhmc bdmshg`rithdm dj imdta`r hkpdrtimt pirt. Rp`bhjhbilly, a`

succ`ststa` Ruobdkkhtt`` l`iv` umiggr ss g wa`ta`r i j`g`ril fugc` sadulg o iutadrhz`g td

hssu`i wirrimt jdr i r`kdt` s`irba dj `l`btrdmhb k`ghi ldbit`g hm inmdwm ldbithdmdutshg` a`r

ghstrhbt,hmblughmc hmtads`bis`swa`m i s`irbawdulgr`quhr`bddrghmithdmdj shkultim`dus

ibthdmhm kimy ghstrhbts it dmb` suba is wa`m liw `mjdrb`k`mt bdmjrdmts i odtm`t.

Dm prdb`ss - S`tahmnta` Bdkkhtt`` sadulgiggr`ssUrdj ssdr N`rr's bdmb`rms dm dur

upbdkhmcbillimg mdt g`j`r bdmshg`rithdmhmg`jhmht`ly. Is ydunmdw,ta` rul`s ik`mgk`mt

prdb`ss, it hts jist st, spimstar``y`irsjrdkprdpdsil tdjull `mibtk`mt. Jurta`r, ta` Rtimghmc

Bdkkhtt``ais hmghbit`g hm ta`pisttait r`p`it`glyr`vhshthmci shmcl` prdb`guril rul` jdr

ik`mgk`mt hs td o` ivdhg`go`bius`htbr`it`summ`b`ssirybdmjushdm jdr ta`us`rs rul`s.Wa` Rtimghmc Bdkkhtt`` ais succ`st`g tait h ji Bdkkhtt`` hs bdmshg`rhmc i prdb`guril hssu`, ht

sadulgiggr`ssil lisp`btsdj taithssu`it dmb rita`r taim hm i ph`b`k`il oishs. Is ta iohlhtytd

`jj`bthv`ly img`jjhbh`mtly hmv`sthcit` giti stdr`g hmkulthpl`furhsghbthdmshs i pr`s`mt img

crdwhmc hssu`, w`tahmnta` Ruobdkkhtt`` sadulg tin` ta` thk`m`b`ssirytd bdmshg`r i o`tt`r

rul`mdw td g`ilwhtata`s` hssu`s.9

Dm limcuic` - Urdj`ssdr N`rrr`p`it`glyus`sta`wdrg"aibnhmc"hm ahs k`kdrimguk td g`sbrho` wait ta`

cdv`rmk`mt hs s` nhmc td gd a`r`. Wa` Ghbthdmiry g`jhmhthdm dj i aibn r hs "i p`rsdm wad hll`cillycihmsibb`sstd img sdk`thk`s tikp`rs whta hmjdrkithdm hm i bdkput`r syst`k." R``,k-w.bdk. Is hm ta` payshbil

wdrlg,ta` cdv`rmk`mtwhl l , jrdkthk` tdthk`,m``g td s`irba bdkput`rs hmvdlv`g hmbrhkhmil ibthvhty hm drg`r td

juljhll hts puolhb sij`tykhsshdm. S` aiv` kig` dur prdpdsil td ta` Bdkkhtt`` td jibhlhtit` ta`prdb`ssdj s``nhmc

bdurtiutadrhzithdm jdr subas`irba`swa`r` r`quhr`g umg`r ta` liw.

Iprhl 3-1, ?597 Uic` ?70 dj 75?Iprhl 3-1, ?597 Uic` ?70 dj 75?

8/12/2019 DOJ letter on definition of "hacking"

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Dm ta` suostimb` djUrdj`ssdr bdmb`rms- Urdj`ssdr N`rr'sbah`jbdmb`rmsurrdumgs ta` bdmsthtuthdmil r`quhr`k`mts jdr wirrimts jdrs`irba`sdj l`btrdmhbhmjdrkithdm.

Jdr `xikpl`, Urdj`ssdr N`rrhs bdmb`rm`g whtas`irba`sdjkulthpl`bdkput`rs tarduca i shmcl`

wirrimt. S` r`bdcmhz` tait tahs hs im hkpdrtimthssu`img kiy o` lhthcit`ghm im ipprdprhit`bis`.

Out is w` ghsbuss`g o`jdr` hm`xpldrhmcsdk`k`ko`rs' bdmb`rms dv`r ta` pirthbulirhty

r`quhr`k`mt jdr wirrimts jdr `l`btrdmhbhmjdrkithdm, ta` prdpds`g ik`mgk`mt bimmdt imggd`s

mdt iggr`sssuostimthv` bdmsthtuthdmil qu`sthdms. Wa` limcuic` dj dur prdpds`g rul`gd`smdt

iggr`ssta` qu`sthdm djkulthpl`s`irba`sushmc i shmcl` wirrimt. Img is r`qu`st`g, w`aiv`

grijt`gBdkkhtt`` Mdt` limcuic` whtata` Bdkkhtt`` r`pdrt`rs td`is`ta` bdmb`rms tait ta`

ik`mgk`mt khcat o` r`ig is im itt`kpt td hmjlu`mb` r`sdluthdm djtahsdr dta`r bdmsthtuthdmil

hssu`s.

Dm ta` dta`r aimg, w` ir hmg``g s``nhmc i rul` taitwdulgiutadrhz` i j`g`ril tdhssu`i wirrimt jdr i r`kdt`s`irbadj `l`btrdmhb k`ghi ldbit`g hm inmdwm- drumnmdwm -

ldbithdmdutshg` a`r ghstrhbt wa`r` ta` brhk` dbburr`g hm ta` ghstrhbt, hmblughmcjdrtads`bis`s

wa`mis`irbawdulgr`quhr` bddrghmithdm dj shkultim`dus ibthdm hm kimy ghstrhbts it dmb`.

G`spht` Urdj`ssdr N`rr's bdmb`rms, w`tahmntahs hs ta`rhcat pdlhbyimg ta`rhcatrul` jdr s`v`ril

r`isdms.

Jhrst,Bdmcr`ssimg ta` j`g`ril bdurtsaiv`ilr`igy r`bdcmhz`g taito`bius`dj ta` v`ry

mitur` dj `l`btrdmhbhmjdrkithdm, fughbhiliutadrhzithdm jdr dotihmhmc subahmjdrkithdm hs cddgpuolhbpdlhby. Hm ta` bdmt`xt dj p`m r`chst`rs, whr`tips img ta` @l`btrdmhb

Bdkkumhbithdms UrhvibyIbt, kulthfurhsghbthdmil iutadrhzithdm jdr dotihmhmc `l`btrdmhb

hmjdrkithdmhs ilr`igy ta` liw.

Jdr `xikpl`, Urdj`ssdr N`rrmdt`shm ahs k`kdrimguk tait ta` prdpds g ik`mgk`mt

bdulgo` us`g td dotihm wirrimts hmkulth-ghstrhbtbis stait gd mdthmvdlv`odtm`ts, suba is wa`r`

isusp`btus`si Grdpodx ibbdumt td stdr` hmjdrkithdm. A` hs bdrr`bt. Hm subabis`s,adw`v`r,

Bdmcr`ssais ilr`igy iutadrhz`g ifugc` hm ta`ghstrhbtwa`r` ta` brhk` dbburr`g rita`r taim hmta`ghstrhbtwa`r` ta`gitihs stdr`g - tdhssu`im drg`r jdr liw `mjdrb`k`mt td dotihm ta`

hmjdrkithdm. R`` 91 P.R.B. ?352(i), img (iutadrhzhmc i bdurtwhta "furhsghbthdm dv`r ta` djj ms o`hmc hmv`sthcit`g" tdhssu`im drg`rr`quhrhmcim dmlhm`

s`rvhb` prdvhg`r td ghsblds` hmjdrkithdm htstdr`sr`cirghmc i bustdk`r). Wa`s``xhsthmc

kulthfurhsghbthdmil iutadrhzithdmsaiv`rihs`g md s`rhdus bdmb`rms img dur prdpdsil hs bdmshst`mt

whtata`k.

R`bdmg, is w`aiv`pr`vhdusly hmghbit`g, hmv`sthcithdms tait r`quhr` dotihmhmc wirrimts hm

kulthpl`ghstrhbts jdrs`irba`sdj bdkput`rs hmvdlv`gh m i shmcl` brhk`br`it`s`rhdus pribthbil

dostibl`sjdr liw `mjdrb`k`mt wahl`ilsd wisthmcfughbhilr`sdurb`s. _ul` ilr`igy r`bdcmhz`sta`s`r`ilhth`s hm t`rrdrhskbis`simg prdvhg`s jdrkulthfurhsghbthdmil r`iba hmtads`bis`s.

Wahrg,prdvhghmc kulthfurhsghbthdmil r`iba jdrs`irba`sdj `l`btrdmhb k`ghiwhlljibhlhtit` i

kdr` rdoust r`vh`w dj ta` wirrimt Htwhll p`rkht i shmcl` fugc`whtanmdwl`gc` djta`hmv`sthcithdm- hm ta ghstrhbtwa`r` ta` hmv`sthcithdm hs tinhmc plib` - td r`vh`willwirrimt

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Iprhl 3-1, ?597 Uic` ?7: dj 75?Iprhl 3-1, ?597 Uic` ?7: dj 75?

8/12/2019 DOJ letter on definition of "hacking"

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r`qu`stsr`lit`g td ta`bis . Wait fugc`whl lo` hm i o`tt`rpdshthdmtd qu`sthdm - jib`-td-jib` h j

m``g o` - ta` hmv`sthcitdrs l`ighmc ta`Kdr`dv`r,w`aiv`s`rhdus bdmb`rms whtaUrdj ssdr N`rr's prdpdsilwahbawdulgr`quhr`

ic`mtss``nhmc i wirrimt td `stiolhsa tait "ta` ghstrhbt (h jimy) hmwahbata` `l`btrdmhbstdric`

k`ghi hs ldbit`g bimmdt r`isdmioly o` isb`rtihm`g." Ht hs umbl`ir adw liw `mjdrb`k`mt wdulg

sithsjytahs r`quhr`k`mt hm pribthb`. Wa` prdpdsil khcat r`quhr i sadwhmc tait dta r

hmv`sthcitdryk`imsaiv` o``mtrh`gimg jihl`gdr ir` umlhn`lytdsubb``g. Sirrimts hssu`g umg`r

suba iprdvhshdmwdulg lhn`lyrduthm`lyr`sult hmJrimnsa`irhmcs dm wa`ta`ric`mtsghsblds`g

`v`ry jibt tait khcataiv` succ`st`gi pdsshol` ldbithdm dj ta` bdkput`r, imgwdulgilsd griw

bdurts hmtd i g`t`rkhmithdm djwahbahmv`sthcithv`st`psir "r`isdmiol`"hm i chv`m typ` djbis`.

Kdr`dv`r,ta` r`quhr`k`mtwdulgpr`blug` us d j ta` m`w ik`mgk`mt hmbis`s,suba is odtm`t

bis`s,wa`r` ta` ldbithdm dj ta` bdkput`r hs ibtuillynmdwm.

S` ippr`bhit` ta`dppdrtumhtytdiggr`ssUrdj ssdr N`rr's bdmb`rms o`jdr durbill. S`

`mbduric ta` Ruobdkkhtt`` tdjullybdmshg`r ta`k. S` ilsd o`lh`v`, taduca, tait ta`

Ruobdkkhtt`` sadulg igdpt ta` prdpdsil w` bhrbulit`g `irlh`r tahs w``n jdr ta`r`isdms

ghsbuss g hm tahs k`kdrimguk img dm dur pr`vhdus bills. S`lddn jdrwirgtd dur ghsbusshdm dm

Kdmgiy.

Urdj`ssdr N`rrrihs`squ`sthdms iodut ta` k`imhmc dj ta`paris`"imy ghs trhbt wa r` ibthvhth`s r lit`g td ta` brhk`

kiyaiv`dbburr`g." Is Urdj`ssdr N`rr r`bdcmhz`s, taduca, ta` G`pirtk`mt's prdpds`g limcuic` hs griwm jrdk

`xhsthmc_ul` 79(o)(2) img (o)(0). Wahs limcuic` ais mdtbius`gbdmjushdm dr bdmb`rms whta bdurts dr bdkk`mtitdrs

td git`, img w` s ` mdr`isdmtd o`lh`v` htwhl l hm ta` jutur` hm ta vistkifdrhty djbis`s. Kdr`dv`r, Urdj ssdr N`rr

ahks`ljr`tihms tahs v`ry limcuic hm ahs dwm prdpdsil.

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Iprhl 3-1, ?597 Uic` ?73 dj 75?Iprhl 3-1, ?597 Uic` ?73 dj 75?