DOMINANCE AND DEPENDANCE

RELATIONSHIP THEORY OF URBAN CITIES

• The relationships of dominance and dependence between world cities and• other urban areas• • Dominance - amount of control some urban places exert over other• urban places and the spatial extent of that control;• – WS have a long history of dominance, gained through exploration and• trade, colonisation and neo-colonisation and through globalisation,• based on industry and services• – Domination- why? Concentration of control they have over a range of• human activities• • Dependence - the ways in which less powerful urban centres rely• upon more powerful urban centres;• – Less powerful urban centres increasingly depend upon the influence of• the control by more powerful urban centres for:• • their material wellbeing; the goods and services they need; investment in• employment opportunities and infrastructure; information ; culture ; income;

NEW YORK V LONDON• Cities with virtually the same economies• — Massive decline in traditional manufacturing• — Dominance of finance, business services• — High dependency• — Impact of immigration of pay rates• — Wide income differentials by US, UK standards• — High levels of productivity• — “World City” role• — Risks of sudden change• Overseas-born population• – London 1,942,904 (2001)• – New York 2,871,032 (2000)