I. Blood Collection

Donor Screening & Blood Collection

Donor ScreeningAll blood comes from VOLUNTEER donors.Screening performed to ensure donor is healthy.Starts with the donor and first impressions are criticalClean, well lit donation facility from waiting room to collection areaPleasant, professional staff who can ask the appropriate questions, observe and interpret the responses, and ensure that the collection process is as pleasant as possibleBlood Bank versus Blood CenterConfusion exists and terms are sometimes used inappropriatelyBlood bank in a hospital is also known as the transfusion service, performs compatibility testing and prepares components for transfusionBlood Center is the donation center, screens donors, draws donors, performs testing on the donor blood, and delivers appropriate components to the hospital blood bankStandards, Regulations, Governing BodiesStrict guidelines exist and inspections are performed in both blood centers and blood banks to ensure the safety of the donors and patientsSome or all of the following agencies may be involved:MOH Ministry of Health General Directorate for Medical LaboratoriesLocal Blood bank Bodies (inside KSA)Saudi Commission For Health Specialists AABB - American Association of Blood BanksCAP College of the American Pathologists

Donor ScreeningTwo goals or purposes for screeningProtect the health of the potential donorProtect the health of the potential recipientFour outcomesAcceptanceTemporary deferralIndefinite deferralPermanent deferralThree components of screeningRegistrationHealth history interviewLimited physical examination.Donor RegistrationDonor signs inWritten materials are given to the donor which explains high risk activities which may make the donor ineligibleDonor must be informed and give consent that blood will be used for others unless they are in a special donor categoryFirst time donors must provide proof of identification such as ID card, citizen number, address and any other unique information.Repeat donors may be required to show photo ID.Donor RegistrationAdditional useful informationNameRaceUnique donor characteristicsDonor must be provided withHIV high risk activitiesWarnings about donor reactionsTests that will be performed and notificationPost phlebotomy care instructionsMedical HistoryFrequency of donationWhole blood or red blood cells 8 weeks (sometimes 12 wks)Two unit red cell unit 16 weeksPlateletpheresis up to 24 times/yearPlasmapheresis once every 4 weeks, can be done twice a week

Medical HistoryA thorough history is obtained each timeStandardized universal questionnaire is usedQuestions are asked that are very intimate in nature but are critical in assessing HIV or HBV risksHas donor ever been deferred, if yes, why.Medications the donor is taking are present in plasma, may cause deferralInfections the donor has may be passed to recipient, may be cause for deferralBlood Donation Identification Questionnaire used by MOH King Khalid Blood bank.

Body recovers the Blood very quickly:Blood plasma volume within 24 - 48 hoursRed Blood Cells in about 3 weeks Platelets & White Blood Cells within minutes

Permanent DeferralsImmoral activities.Used IV drugs even ONCE in lifetime.Taking clotting factors.Hepatitis after age 11.Cancer deferrals vary, some accept after period of being disease free others do not accept.Protozoan diseases such as Chagas disease or BabesiosisReceived human pituitary growth hormone.Positive test for: HBsAg, Hepatitis C, HTLV I/II or HIV.Was the only common donor in 2 cases of post-transfusion HIV or HBV in recipientMedications like : Tegison 12 Month DeferralRecipient of blood, components or blood products such as coagulation factorsSexually transmitted disease-if acquired indicates safe sex not practiced and donor at risk for HIV and HBVAccupuncture, tattoo, ear piercingNeedle stickRabies vaccineAny intimate sexual relations with HIV or HBV positive, hemophiliacs, drug users or individuals receiving drugs.

Temporary DeferralsCertain immunizations 2 weeks -MMR, yellow fever, oral polio, typhoid 4 weeks -Rubella, Chicken Pox 2 months small poxPregnancy Certain medicationsProscar/Propecia, Accutane 1 monthAvodart 6 monthsSoriatane 3 yearsFeldene no platelet donation for 2 days.Plavix and Ticlid no platelet donation for 14 daysMalaria 3 yearsWest Nile virus 28 days

Female donors cannot donate bloodDuring pregnancyAfter delivery for one yearWhen lactating During menstrual period and for 7 days there after

Male donors cannot donate bloodIf consumed Alcohol in the previous 24 hours

Physical ExaminationEvaluate general appearanceWeight : > 45 kgs (18 60 years)Temperature 37.5 C OR 99.5FBlood pressureSystolic