Don’t Forget Fluorescent! - Efficiency Vermont Goal BBD 2012 ... The higher purchase price of efficient lamps is ... Philips Energy Advantage: 49W

Don’t Forget Fluorescent!

Better Buildings by Design 2012

Howard Wolfman, PELumispec ConsultingFebruary 8, 2012

BBD 2012 Copywrite 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE Lumispec Consulting

Efficiency Vermont is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.

This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Disclaimer


• Although I list several manufacturers and models, these are examples and none are endorsed

• Also, I do not have any financial arrangement or consulting agreements with any of these manufacturers (friendships with some – yes)

Fluorescent

• Remember Monty Python – the Holy Grail• Bring out your dead• Well, Fluorescent isn’t dead, yet!


Lighting Goal


To safely place the correct amount and type of light where it is needed, when it is needed, and for the lowest life cycle costTo achieve goal, need• Consistency in products• Reliability in products• Right products

• Cost effective products

Then products will • Allow interchangeability of system components• Provide “superior” lighting

Learning Objectives

Learn about the most innovative new lamp, ballast, and luminaire product

introductions.

Understand how these advances in technology compare to existing

technology.

Understand new technological and legislative trends in lamp and ballast

design.

Identify new lamp and ballast types and understand their implications for

how lighting is designed and used.

Vermont


Efficient Lighting Fundamentals

• This morning’s presentation will be– Aimed towards commercial applications– Targeted at the introductory level

• The presentation will cover– Lamps

– Ballasts

– Some controls

– Luminaires ‐ aka fixtures, troffers

– Sustainability, Environmental, and maintenance


Energy Use and Cost for Lighting Systems in Commercial Buildings

BBD 2012 Copywrite 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE Lumispec Consulting Source: BOC

Cost of lamps (bulbs & tubes) and labor cost to replace them is small percentage of total operating costs.Electricity to operate lighting systems far outweighs lamp and labor costs.The higher purchase price of efficient lamps is quickly recovered through lower electricity costs.

Light Levels:Considerations

Proper light levels required■ IESNA recommendations

■ State/local standards

Where light levels are correct, visual tasks are easier.

Too little is bad ‐ cannot see, eye straintoo much is bad – glare, wastes energy


Some Definitions


Lamp Characteristics:LPW & Average Rated LifeLumens Per Watt (LPW)

light output (lumens)LPW =

power input (watts)

Average Rated Life for Incandescent, HID, and Fluorescent is the point in time at which 50% of a large group of lamps have failed.

Ratings in catalogs are result of standard lab tests. (Ex: Fluorescent lamps 20,000 hrs. @ 3 hrs./start)

Rated life for LED is when lumen output has dropped to 70%, or L70


Light Source Efficacy (LPW)


Lamp Characteristics: Lumen Maintenance (lumen light depreciation)


Most lamps lose ability to produce light after burning for some time

Lumen maintenance measures the rate of depreciation and indicates the remaining light output

*Initial lumens measured at 100 hrs.

mean lumensLLD =

initial lumens*

Ex: 32-w T8 Fluorescent

2,610LLD = = 0.90

2,900

Source: BOC

Color Temperature ofFluorescent Lamps


The color temperature represents the appearanceof a lamp as rated in degrees Kelvin (K).Phosphor coating sets color temperature and CRI.Colors:

3000K (warm)3500K (neutral)4100K (cool)5000K (daylight)6500K (daylight)8000K (SkyWhite)

Source: BOC

Lamp Characteristics: Color Rendering Index (CRI)


Appearance of colored objects when viewed under a light source compared to when viewed under daylight (of same color temp)

Relative measure of up to 100

The higher the CRI, the truer the object colors appear.

Source: BOC

Ballast Factor (BF)


Is a value comparing the light output of a given fluorescent lamp and ballast combination, to the light output from the same lamp operating on a laboratory (perfect reactor) ballast.

Light output is directly proportional to BF.

Use BF to calculate light level for re‐lighting, or retrofit projects.

Ballast factor computed by manufacturers and published in manufacturer’s catalogs (or websites)

Source: BOC

Light Source Color Summary


CRI CCT (°K)Natural daylight 100 5000o – 8500o

Mercury vapor 20 ‐ 50 4000o – 6000o

Metal halide 65 – 93 2900o – 6500o

Fluorescent 70 ‐ 96 3000o – 8000o

Incandescent 100 2500o – 3000o

Induction 80 2700o – 5000o

Standard HPS 22 2200o

LED 70 ‐ 90 3000o – 8000o

Low pressure sodium ‐44 1700o

Source: BOC

Florescent Lamps



Linear lamp sales (4‐ft.)


Fluorescent Lamps: How they Work

Source: BOC


T8 Fluorescent Lamps

1” diameterLinear lamps avail in 2’, 3’, 4’, 5’ & 8’ lengthsU‐tubes have 1 5/8” leg spacingRequire ballast that supplies 265 ma (mostly electronic ballast)Retrofit U‐tube has 6” leg spacing

Source: BOC

Reduced‐Wattage T8 Lamps


“Energy Saving” T8■ 30‐w, 28‐w, 25‐w

Designed for spaces that can tolerate less lightAdvantages:

■ Lower wattage, saves energyDisadvantages:

■ Can be replaced with less expensive 32‐w lamps■ Can be used with dimming ballasts (most lamps)■ Can not be used below 60o F

Source: BOC

► Rated life increased from 36,000 to 40,000 hours at 3 hours/start on PS ballast► 24,000 to 37,500 hours at 1 hour/start► 12,000 to 31,000 hours at 15 minutes/start

Sylvania XP, SS and XPS lamps

Source: LFI 2011

► Dimmable!

Sylvania 23W, 25W, 28W, 30W Octron SuperSaver T8 lamps

Source: LFI 2011

► 4‐ft. 23W T8 lamps► 2000 lumens► 95% lumen maintenance► 24,000/36,000 hours on IS► 36,000/42,000 hours on PS► 85 CRI ► 3500K, 4100K, 5000K

Sylvania 23W Octron SuperSaver T8 lamps

Source: LFI 2011

Innovation: improving lamp life

► “Extended life” 4‐ft. T8 lamps (XL, XLL, SXL)► Up to 50,000 hours at 12 hours/start on IS ballast (industry average is 24,000 hours)► Up to 55,000 hours at 12 hours/start on PS ballast (industry average is 30,000 hours)► Improved life at shorter lamp cycles► T5HO lamps are beginning to extend life: up to 60,000 hours at 12 hours/start

Source: LFI 2011

► 4‐ft. 25W, 28W, 32W T8 lamps► 50,000‐hour rated life at 12 hours/start on instant‐start ballast► 55,000 hours at 12 hours/start on programmed‐start ballast► 44,000 hours at 30 minutes/start ► 80‐85 CRI► 3500K, 4100K, 5000K► Dimmable

Sylvania 800XP/XL T8 lamps

Source: LFI 2011

T5 Fluorescent Lamps


5/8” diameter lamp w/mini bi‐pin base

Millimeter lengths

Peak light output at 35C (95F)

Operate on electronic ballasts

Standard T5 – most efficient12‐18% higher than T8 (96‐106 LPW)

T5HO – more lumens10‐15% less efficient than standard T5About same efficiency as T8

Most effective in cove, indirect, & high-bay fluorescent fixtures

Source: BOC

► Philips Energy Advantage: 49W T5HO (5W power reduction for same light output)► GE T5HO Watt Miser: 51W (3W reduction for same light output)► Sylvania Pentron SuperSaver Ecologic: 51W (3W reduction for same light output)► GE T5HO Watt Miser Plus: 47W (7W reduction for 4% lower output)► Sylvania Pentron HO SuperSaver: 47W (7W reduction for about 8% lower output)

Innovation: efficient T5HO lamps

Source: LFI 2011

Philips Energy Advantage T5HO Extreme Temperature

► 49W direct replacements for 54W T5HO lamps► Same light output► >90% of rated lumens over ambient temperature of 65°F to 170°F► Rated life of 35,000 hours

Source: LFI 2011

► 4‐ft. 54W T5HO lamps► 60,000 hours at 12 hours/start► Operates on same ballast► 93% lumen maintenance► 82 CRI► 3000K, 3500K, 4100K, 5000K, 6500K

Sylvania Pentron HO XL

Source: LFI 2011

► 20W and 35W energy‐saving T5HO lamps► Replace 24W and 39W standard lamps respectively for up to 17% energy savings► Replace lamp and keep ballast► 85 CRI► 3000‐5000K

Sylvania 2‐ and 3‐ft. T5HO

Source: LFI 2011

► Direct replacements for 28W T5 lamps to achieve 11% energy savings► Same light output► No ballast change required► 3000K, 3500K, 4100K► Rated life of 25,000 hours

Philips 25W Energy Advantage T5 Fluorescent

Source: LFI 2011BBD 2012 Copywrite 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE

Lumispec Consulting


Legislation/Regulation

2009 DOE regulations will eliminate in 2012:

►most 4‐ft. linear and 2‐ft. U‐shaped T12►many 8‐ft. T12 and T12HO► some low‐CRI 4‐ft. T8

Source: LFI 2011

LINEAR “REPLACEMENT”

LAMPS


LED T8s• There are hordes of sales people trying to sell these, because of potential huge volume and profit– Often Pinocchio‐nose marketing hype

• But the DOE has not tested one yet is nearly as good as high performance fluorescent T8s with high performance ballasts

• Lamp cost can often range from $40 to $150 with proposed up to 50,000 hour realistic life


Source: Stan WalerczykLIGHTING WIZARDS:

LED T8s

• May void UL listing of fixture, that got UL listing as a fluorescent fixture

• How they are connected– Some use existing fluorescent ballast, which consumes extra wattage, and the ballast would have to be replaced when it burns out

• Ballasts typically have a 50,000 ‐ 60,000 hour rated life– Some have internal driver, which requires removing existing fluorescent ballast and rewiring to lamp holders

• UL has found fire danger with some LED T8s with internally shunted lamp holders

– Some come with their external drivers



Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)


Screw‐base (numerous shapes 2‐w to 200‐w)

Integral (ballast built in), or modular (detachable ballast)

Twin and quad‐tube ‘Preheat’ (5‐w to 26‐w)2‐pin, starter in base (blink‐blink on)

Twin, triple, quad and hex‐tube ‘RS’ (9‐w to 120‐w)4‐pin, instant on, dimmable (on electronic dimming

ballasts)

Source: BOC

SB Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)


‘Spring’ lamps

One piece w/built‐in electronic ballast in base

Sold under several name brands

Disadvantages:Some made for residential market have shorter life ratings

Source: BOC


CFLs

• Although some people give CFLs a bad wrap, CFLs are quite good in many applications– Screw‐ins can often cost $0.25 with upstream rebates– Lumens per watt are quite good– CRI is quite good, typically in the 80s– Life is much longer than incandescents– Mercury is really not that much of an issue

• Although quite good, there are some drawbacks, and maybe best to consider a temporary solution– Until LEDs or something else becomes ready for prime time



CFLs• New nice looking CFL

– Plumen• http://plumen.com/



CFL

• CFLs are reasonably efficacious, but– Not nearly efficacious as high performance T8 systems– Most are only rated for 10,000 ‐ 12,000 hours– Many recessed can fixtures for them have very bad fixture efficiency

• Like 50 ‐ 60%

• But there are some CFL recessed cans with more like 75% fixture efficiency

• Usually best to try to – Have just one lamp per fixture– Minimize lamp types


Induction Lamps


Electrodeless

Induction coil generates high‐frequency field within lamp

Similar to Fluorescent, mercury vapor generates UV energy, converted to visible light by phosphor coating80 LPW; 85 CRI

Discharge VesselPhosphor CoatingPower Coupler

Source: BOC

Fluorescent Ballasts



Retrofit/Replacement vs. OEM (fluorescent ballast shipments)

BBD 2012 Copywrite 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE Lumispec Consulting Source: LFI 2011

Ballasts


Electrical devices to start and operate fluorescent lamps

Functions:

1. Provides correct voltage to start arc discharge

2. Limits lamp current to design value

3. Provides energy to heat cathodes (fluorescent rapid‐start & program‐start only)

A ballast prevents the destruction of a lamp by

limiting lamp current

Source: BOC


Fluorescent Lamps: How they Work

Source: BOC

Fluorescent Ballasts


Starting Modes■ Instant start (most popular)■ Rapid start (being phased out)■ Programmed start (replacing rapid start, designed for switching)

Common Types■ Standard” Magnetic (no longer made; no PCBs since 1979)■“Energy Saving” Magnetic (1990’s)■“Hybrid” Magnetic (stop‐gap technology)■“Electronic” (high frequency operation of lamps)■“Dimming” (electronic; new models are programmed start)

Source: BOC

Programmed Start Electronic Ballasts


Cost‐effective for switching applications

Maintains energy efficiency while providing optimum starting conditions to obtain up to 100,000 starts

Starts lamps by the precise application of voltage to heat cathodes for precise time before lamp ignition

Reduces cathode voltage once the lamp has ignited

Source: BOC

Ballast Factor & Light Output


0 800 1600 2400 3200

BF

Lumens

1.00 2950 Lumens / lamp 64 WattsReference

Ballast

.87 2567 Lumens / lamp 58 Watts Normal PowerBallast

.75 2213 Lumens / lamp 51 Watts Low PowerBallast

1.20 3540 Lumens / lamp 77 Watts

High Power Ballast

Performance Comparison of 2 – F32T8 Lamps

Source: BOC

Extra Efficient Ballasts(NEMA Premium Ballasts)


• Extra efficient ballasts consume 3‐6 watts less than generic electronic ballasts (GEB)

• Cost $1‐$4 moreSave $20‐$40 in electric cost overballast life

• Most new fixtures come with GEB (lowest cost)

http://nema.org/gov/energy/efficiency/upload/nema_premium_electronic_ballast_program.pdf

Source: BOC

High Performance T8 Systems: “Super T8”


From CEE and NEMA Premium

Combination:■ high‐lumen, extended life lamps■ low BF, reduced wattage electronic ballast

15‐20% more efficient than standard T8 systems

Savings up to 40% when replacing 34‐w T12 systems

Identification: ■ lamps with initial lumen ratings starting at 3100 lumens■ high lumen maintenance > 90% (“barrier coat” technology)

Source: BOC


► T8 lamps► High‐efficiency electronic (NEMA Premium Ballast)► 1,‐ 2‐ and 3‐ and 4‐lamp► Programmed‐start operation► Lamp start time near 0.5 seconds► NEMA Premium Ballast

Universal’s Ultim8 high‐efficiency ballasts



► Digital 1% electronic dimming ballast► Designed to operate reduced‐wattage T8 lamps (25W, 28W, 30W)► Can operate standard and extended‐life lamps► Factory tuned ballast with non‐standard ballast factors available

Lutron EcoSystem reduced‐wattage ballast



► Intelligent dimming ballast► Operates in DALI or 0‐10VDC control modes► High ballast factor (1.2 BF)► Same ballast can operate 1, 2 or 3 T5 or T5HO lamps► Universal voltage (120‐277V at 50 or 60 Hz)► Connects directly to occupancy and photosensors

LumenErgi iB‐107



Innovation: tunable output

Low0.74‐0.78 BFTypically 0.77 or 0.78

Normal0.85‐0.90 BFTypically 0.87 or 0.88

High>1.0 BFTypically 1.15‐1.18

New!0.5+, 0.6, 0.71, 1.0 BF for T8



► Two‐lamp high‐efficiency T8 instant start electronic ballast►Medium BF of about 1.0► 14% higher light output than typical normal BF ballast► NEMA Premium Ballast

Sylvania 1.0 BF ballasts



► T8 electronic ballast► Programmed‐start, with same efficiency as instant‐start► Specifiable with 0.6, 0.71, 0.89 and 1.15 BF► Starts lamps in 0.5 seconds► Operates lamps in parallel► Universal voltage: 120‐277V► NEMA Premium

GE UltraStart ballast



Innovation: programmed‐start parallel lamp operation

one lamp fails

Non-Parallel Parallel4-Lamp Ballast



► T8 lamp operation► 1,‐ 2‐ and 3‐ and 4‐lamp► Programmed‐start operation► Parallel operation► NEMA Premium Ballast► Universal Ultim8► Sylvania PROStart► Philips Optanium

Programmed‐start parallel high‐efficiency T8



► T5HO lamp operation► 4‐lamp configuration► Programmed‐start operation► Parallel wiring with two lamps in series and two in parallel► Philips Optanium► Sylvania Quicktronic ProStart► GE HE UltraStart

Programmed‐start parallel high‐efficiency T5HO



Dimming

• Fluorescent– Fluorescents with dimming ballasts can dim – Input power is reduced, but lumens per watt gets worse, because the more dimming, the more power has to go to heating the cathodes of the lamps

• Dimming ballasts are more expensive– CFLs have some special characteristics

• Dedicated dimmable screw‐ins usually cannot dim below 20%

• CFLs turn grayish or bluish when dimmed


Dimming Fluorescent Ballasts


• Linear fluorescent■ Low voltage (2‐wire, 0‐10V)■ Power Line control

from incandescent wall‐box dimmers■ Line control (extra 120V lead) (Lutron)■ Energy management applications

100% to 10% dimming rangeNEMA LL9‐2011 Dim to 10%

■ Architectural dimming applications100% to 1%

• Compact Fluorescent■4‐pin rapid‐start lamps

18‐w, 26‐w quad lamps32‐w, 42‐w triple lamps

Source: BOC


► High‐efficiency programmed‐start T8 step‐dimming ballast► Switch 100% to 50% power► 1 or 2 4‐ft, 3‐ft, or 2‐ft T8 lamps► Low BF: 48W @ 0.77BF, 24W @ 0.25BF► Normal BF: 55W @ 0.87BF, 27W @ 0.34BF► NEMA Premium Ballast

Sylvania Quickstep Bilevel T8 Switching



► UltraMax T8 load‐shed variable dimming ballast: Dim 100%‐60%► UltraMax hi/Lo switching ballast: Switch 100%‐60%► 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐lamp models being added to 6‐lamp already available► Both: Instant‐start operation, suitable for hi‐bay, ‐20°F cold start temp, 95% efficiency (NEMA Premium)

GE instant‐start load‐shed dim and bilevel



► 0‐10VDC dimming ballast► 2‐lamp T8 models with 0.88 BF► Dim lamps from 100% to 20%► Programmed‐start operation► NEMA Premium Ballast

Philips EssentiaLine dimming ballasts



► 0‐10V dimming► 100% to 3% light output► 1‐, 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐lamp T8►Multi‐voltage, normal (0.88) and high (1.18) ballast factor► Fast start time of 0.7 seconds► Parallel lamp operation► NEMA Premium Ballast

GE’s dimmable programmed‐start parallel



► High‐efficiency dimming ballast for T5 lamps► Dimming to 1%► Operates 1 or 2 lamps► Operates on DALI protocol► Reports end of lamp life (when used with appropriate controls)► Universal voltage (120‐277V)

Sylvania QUICKTRONIC QHE DALI



► Digital 1% electronic dimming ballast►Works with wired or wireless sensors► Factory tuned ballast with non‐standard ballast factors available► 0.5 BF up to published maximum in 0.01 increments► 4‐ft. T8 (1‐, 2‐ and 3‐lamp) available in 1.0 and 1.17 BF► Recent expansion includes 347V and universal‐voltage 3‐T8

Lutron H Series


Electronic Ballast Advantages


Higher efficiency (no transformer losses)Cooler operation (no transformer heat)Less weight (no core and coil)No noticeable flicker (high frequency operation)Smaller size (lower profile, less weight)3 and 4‐lamp designs (as well as 1 and 2 lamp)Parallel wiring models (non‐burned out lamps remain on)Colder starting (down to 0 degrees F)Dimming capabilities (down to 1% of output)

Source: BOC


Legislation/Regulation

Energy Policy Act of 2005 eliminates:

►Most magnetic ballasts for 4‐ and 8‐ft. T12 lamps

Ballast Rule of November 2011, effective November 2014:

►Changes the metric from BEF* to BLE*►In addition to T12 ballasts, covers T8 and T5 ballasts

*BEF (Ballast Efficacy Factor) = BF/Pin**BLE (Ballast Luminous Factor) = Pout/Pin

Source: LFI 2011


Fluorescent Fixtures

Source: BOC

TROFFERS


T8 Fluorescent• There is a new generation of high performance 2x4 1F32T8 troffers that can be installed in typical 8x10 spacing– Depending on BF and if instant or program start high efficient ballasts, are, used, wattage can range from 24 ‐ 39 with direct relationship to lumens

– Manufacturers and models include• Deco DPL‐C

– www.getdeco.com (but may not be in website yet)• Finelite HPR

– www.finelite.com–



T8 FluorescentOffice with Finelite HPRs



T8 Fluorescent• Existing 2x4 troffers can be cost effectively retrofitted down to 1F32T8– Standard lensed troffers can often get a 1‐cove white reflector

• About $55 ‐ $60 total installed cost– Parabolic troffers can get upscale kits

• Such as ALP’s RHT kit– www.alplighting.com/pdf/uardiac%20rht.pdf– About $110 ‐ $120 total installed cost



SUSPENDED INDIRECT/DIRECT

FIXTURES


T8 Fluorescent• Well designed suspended indirect/direct fixtures with 1F32T8 per

cross section– Can provide quite low power densities– Total installed cost often less than individual troffers

• When can have relatively long rows in new construction and gut rehabs

• One lamp per cross section is usually much better than two or three for– Optimal light distribution

• Usually batwing– Best fixture efficiency– Lowest wattage– Lowest fixture cost

• Fixture cost may be $25 ‐ $40 per linear foot depending on type of fixture, quantity, etc.



T8 Fluorescent• Make sure fixture reflectors are designed for T8s and not for T5s/T5HOs

• There are many good manufacturers and models– For example, Finelite offers several good models, including Series 12, 15 and 16

– These are photos of Series 12 with white cross blade



Wiring Tips


• Ground Fixtures– Safety (required by NEC to protect personnel

– EMI Protection (discharge from Capacitors to ground)

• Provide Disconnects– Protects personnel– Easy maintenance– Required by NEC

Source: BOC


Fluorescent Lampholders (Sockets)Sockets in new fixtures with electronic ballasts cut into lamp pins

Excellent connection for high‐frequency

Use shunted sockets for instant‐start ballastsNon‐shunted for dimming or programmed start

Lamps not seated can cause them to malfunction

Maintenance personnel can be shocked when touching bare pins

line up ‘indicator’ on tube with socket notch

incorrect correct incorrect

Source: BOC


Retrofit vs. Re‐lightingRetrofit

■ Upgrade existing fixtures with efficient lamps, ballasts,..

■ If asbestos present in ceiling, then it’s more cost effective

■ Limited to lamp/ballast improvements

■ Can be difficult to improve fixture efficiency

■ Retrofit option can be more sustainable than re‐lighting due to material re‐use

■ Improved when long‐life, high‐efficiency lamps are used

Re‐lighting

■ Opportunity to optimize efficiency and change layout

■ Opportunity to change more parameters of lighting system

■ Number of lamps/fixture■ Number of fixtures/system Change to LED’s?■More electrical contractors

know how to install new fixtures than know how to retrofit properly.

Source: BOC


Retrofit: Reflectors

Fluorescent kits available■ Example: 2x2 w/2 U‐tubes to 2 or 3,17‐

w T8 lamps, 2x4 w/4 lamps to 2 lamps

Improve troffer efficiencyRelocate lamps for max

performance

You must Perform trial installationEvaluate cost of retrofit fixtures

versus replacement

Source: BOC


Retrofit 400 MH toT8 Fluorescent Example

Before After

High-bay fixtures e/w 400-w metal halide

(458-watts/fixture) 30 FC

CRI = 65

Industrial fixtures e/w 6 – F32T8 lamps

(224-watts/fixture) 50 FC

CRI = 85Source: BOC


HID & Incandescentto T5HO Fluorescent

Before After

54, 400-w HPS HB fixtures 465-w 6, 400-w MH HB fixtures 458-w 4, 500-w Incand fixtures 500-w

42, 4-lamp T5HO fixtures 234-w 4, 6-lamp T5HO fixtures 351-w

(all e/w wire grills)

Source: BOC

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• Task ambient lighting is having relatively low Footcandle ambient lighting and additional task lighting when and where need it

• Light levels drop off exponentially as distance increases between source and task– For example if double distance, 1/4 the footcandles– Much less wattage getting high light levels from a task light 2’ away from task, than from ceiling fixtures 6’ away from task

• This strategy may be the most cost effective way to have very low power densities while providing good quality lighting

• In typical offices, usually 0.4 ‐ 0.6 watts per square foot is easily attainableBBD 2012 Copywrite 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE

Lumispec ConsultingSource: Stan WalerczykLIGHTING WIZARDS:

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• Ambient, in offices, works very well with either

– New or retrofitted 2x4 high performance troffers that have 1 high performance & often high Kelvin 32W F32T8 and high performance parallel wired program start ballasting

• Maybe tandem wire ballast per pair of troffers

– New or retrofitted suspended indirect/direct fixtures with 1 high performance & often high Kelvin 32W F32T8 per cross section and high performance parallel wired program start ballasting

• Ambient lighting can provide 10 ‐ 20 footcandles on desks– Often more light is worse than less light, because more light can cause

more glare and higher contrast ratiosBBD 2012 Copywrite 2012 Howard Wolfman, PE

Lumispec ConsultingSource: Stan WalerczykLIGHTING WIZARDS:

TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING• For a long time most modular office systems had fluorescent

under cabinet task lights– But most of these fixtures

• Use way too much wattage• Are glare bombs• Provide too much light• Often difficult to replace ballasts• Sometimes still T12s with magnetic ballasts or T8s with magnetic ballasts

• There are some good CFL desk mount task lights– But way too many people still use energy hog incandescent or quartz halogen



TASK AMBIENT LIGHTING

• There are also integral or one‐piece fluorescent task ambient lighting systems– One example is Tambient

• www.elliptipar.com/tambient




Fluorescent

• If you have T12 systems, definitely REPLACE• Many existing T8 systems do not have the most efficient lamps or ballasts

• High performance T8 lamp and ballast systems can often save 20% wattage compared to old, generic T8 systems– In many applications could go with a bi‐level system controlled by an occupancy sensor

• Before jumping into LEDs, good to ‘raise the bar’ and see if they are cost effective compared to high performance T8 systems


Sustainability, Environmental, and Maintenance





ARE LEDS REALLY MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY?• Yes, fluorescent, have mercury

– But the manufacturers have been doing a very good job reducing it

– Many states require recycling– Many fixtures can be kept for a long time, because lamps and ballasts can be easily replaced

• LEDs do not contain any mercury– But there are toxic chemicals used in production– There is usually a lot of valuable aluminum or other metals used for heat sinks

– Many fixtures are currently not designed to be easily and cost effectively retrofitted



More on Environmental

• No matter what you specify or buy, RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) compliant is highly recommended–Already mandated in Europe– For example, eliminates lead in solder–Also mercury, cadmium, etc.



What about long term Maintenance?• Fluorescent fixtures can easily and cost effectively get new lamps and ballasts to last decades– For example, parts and labor for a 2F32T8 fixture

• Group relamping every 25,000 hours may cost $10• Group reballasting every 50,000 hours may cost $40• $60 total at 50,000 hours with brand new lamps and ballast

• $70 total at 75,000 hours with brand new lamps and 1/2 old ballast

• $120 total at 100,000 hours with brand new lamps and ballast



What about long term Maintenance?

• At 75,000 hours– LED troffer

• Now with at least the Cree CR 2x2, 2x4 or 1x4 $325 initial parts and labor cost + $175 parts and labor retrofit cost = $500

– High performance troffer with 1 F32T8• $225 initial parts and labor cost + $70 parts and labor relamping and reballasting = $295


Fluorescent

• Remember Monty Python – the Holy Grail• Bring out your dead

• Well, Fluorescent ain’t dead, yet!


Course EvaluationsIn order to maintain high‐quality learning experiences, please access the

evaluation for this course by logging into CES Discovery and clicking on the Course Evaluation link on the left side of the page.


Thank Youare there any questions??????

Howard Wolfman, PE847‐366‐[email protected]

Supplementary Data and Information

GE HL 32 3100 82 3000 80 3.95 25,000 36,000 36,000 42,000GE SXL 32 2850 81+ 2750 80 3.95 31,000 40,000 40,000 46,000PHILIPS ADV 32 3100 85 3000 82 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000PHILIPS PLUS 32 2950 85 2850 82 1.7 30,000 36,000 36,000 42,000PHILIPS ADV XLL 32 2950 85 2850 82 1.7 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000SYLVANIA XP 32 3000 85 2850 85 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000SYLVANIA XPS 32 3100 85 3100 81 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000SYLVANIA XP/XL 32 2950 85 2900 80 3.5 36,000 52,000 60,000 62,000GE SPX 28W 28 2725 82 2625 80 3.95 24,000 30,000 36,000 42,000PHILIPS ADV 28W 28 2725 85 2675 82 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000SYLVANIA XP 28W 28 2725 85 2650 80 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000SYLVANIA XP XL 28W 28 2600 85 2600 80 3.5 36,000 52,000 60,000 62,000GE SPX 25W 25 2400 85 2350 80 3.95 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000PHILIPS ADV 25W 25 2500 85 2400 85 1.7 24,000 30,000 30,000 36,000PHILIPS ADV XLL 25W 25 2400 85 2350 82 1.7 36,000 40,000 40,000 46,000SYLVANIA XP 25W 25 2475 85 2400 80 2.9 24,000 40,000 40,000 42,000SYLVANIA XP XL 25W 25 2475 85 2400 80 3.5 36,000 52,000 60,000 62,000

F28T5 25-28 2900+ 85 2750+ 85 1.4 - 2.5

* * 20,000 -30,000

25000 - 40,000

F54T5HO 49-54 5000 85 4800+ 85 1.4 - 2.5

* * 20,000 -30,000

25000 - 40,000

Lamp manufacturers may alter rated lamp life and lumen specif ications, so get updates from manufacturers.Source> w w w .lightingw izards.com



2950 32 92.2 2 G IS 0.87 58 5133 88.5 95% 4876 84.12800 32 87.5 2 EE IS 0.87 53 4872 91.9 95% 4628 87.32800 32 87.5 2 G IS 0.87 58 4872 84.0 95% 4628 79.82850 30 95.0 2 EE IS 0.87 51 4959 97.2 95% 4711 92.42850 30 95.0 2 G IS 0.87 55 4959 90.2 95% 4711 85.72750 28 98.2 2 EE IS 0.87 48 4785 99.7 95% 4546 94.72750 28 98.2 2 G IS 0.87 51 4785 93.8 95% 4546 89.12440 25 97.6 2 EE IS 0.87 42 4246 101.1 95% 4033 96.02440 25 97.6 2 G IS 0.87 47 4246 90.3 95% 4033 85.82400 25 96.0 2 EE IS 0.87 42 4176 99.4 95% 3967 94.52400 25 96.0 2 G IS 0.87 47 4176 88.9 95% 3967 84.4

high lumen F28T5 3050 28 108.9 2 EE PS 0.95 58 5795 99.9 93% 5389 92.9

typical F28T5 2900 28 103.6 2 PS 1.00 64 5800 90.6 93% 5394 84.326W F28T5 2900 26 111.5 2 EE

PS 0.95 55 5510 100.2 92% 5069 92.226W high lumen F28T5 3050 26 117.3 2 EE

PS 1.15 67 7015 104.7 92% 6454 96.351W F54T5HO 5000 51 98.0 2 EE

PS 1.00 108 #### 92.6 92% 9200 85.2typical F54T5HO 5000 54 92.6 2 PS 1.00 117 #### 85.5 93% 9300 79.5F34T12 800 3100 34 91.2 2 RS E 0.85 60 5270 87.8 93% 4901 81.7F34T12 CW 2650 34 77.9 2 RS M 0.88 72 4664 64.8 87% 4058 56.4notes: Lumens, lumen maintenance, ballast factors and wattages may vary among various manufacturers.

lumen F32T8

basic grade F32T8

30W F32T8

28W F32T8

25W F32T8

Source: www.lightingwizards.com

extra long life 25W F32T8

93% is used as an average EOL lumen maintenance for T5HOs. 90% - 94% range among manufacturers.All wattages based on 277V. EE IS is extra efficient instant start. G IS is generic instant start. EE PS is extra efficient program start. PS is program start. RS E is rapis start electronic. RS M is rapid start magnetic.Extra long life is 36,000 hours with IS and 40,000 hours with PS ballasts at 3 hour cycles.

In enclosed fixtures, since reduced wattage F32T8s consume less heat they can often operate closer to optimal 77 degrees F temperature, so may provide more light than this table shows compared to full wattage.Although efficacy can be improved with IS and RS ballasts with T5s and T5HOs, lamp life can be greatly reduced and lamp manufacturers may not warranty lamps.



LED vs. FLUORESCENT T8s

4480 1.10 4928

50,000 (iffy in enclos-

ed fixture)

68 76 $43.89 $13.30 $240.00 5.2 $694.99much less light long term

5077 1.35 6854 40,000 58 86 $49.67 $15.05 $57.00 0.8 #######

5428 1.30 7056 55,000 65 79 $45.62 $13.83 $59.00 1.0 #######

5077 1.40 7108 40,000 58 86 $49.67 $15.05 $67.00 1.0 #######

5428 1.35 7328 55,000 65 79 $45.62 $13.83 $69.00 1.2 #######

2 3100 lumen long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s in outboard lamp holders & 2-lamp .89 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast

$75.60

Copyright of Stan Walerczyk, LC, principal of Lighting Wizardsfootnotes: Numbers in colored boxes can be changed, which automatically alters computations.

2 2950 lumen extra long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s in outboard lamp holders & 2-lamp 1.00 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast

2 2950 lumen long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s, 2-lamp 1.00 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast & white reflector

25,000 7100

2 3100 lumen long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s, 2-lamp .89 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast & white reflector

4 1600 lumen 17W LED T8s

4 F34T12 CW 2650 lumen lamps, 2 2-lamp energy saving magnetic ballasts, angled sides with good white paint & clear prismatic lens

144



LED vs. FLUORESCENT T8s

$0.15 3500 1.1 $0.05 15notes

type w attsannual elect. cost

lamp life @ 3 hour

cycles

end of life

lamp lumens

end of life

lamp lumens

appr. improved thermals

and fixture

end of life

f ixture lumens

lamp life @ 3 hour

cycles

w atts w att

reduction

annual elect.

savings

incen- tive

appr. installed

cost

payback (yrs)

compre- hensive

long term

benefit

3360 1.10 3696

50,000 (iffy in enclos-

ed fixture)

51 38 $21.95 $6.65 $180.00 7.9 $254.58much less long term light

5077 1.30 6600 36,000 58 31 $17.90 $5.43 $56.00 2.8 $325.38

4831 1.30 6280 52,000 58 31 $17.90 $5.43 $58.00 2.9 $350.23

4050 1.40 5670 36,000 46 43 $24.83 $7.53 $66.00 2.4 $463.01

4831 1.35 6522 52,000 58 31 $17.90 $5.43 $68.00 3.5 $340.23

20,000 665089

annual hours

existing

2 3100 lumen long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s in outboard lamp holders & 2-lamp .89 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast

$46.73

Copyright of Stan Walerczyk, LC, principal of Lighting Wizards. November 11, 2011 version.footnotes: Numbers in colored boxes can be changed, which automatically alters computations.

2 2950 lumen extra long life 32W fluorescent F32T8s in outboard lamp holders & 2-lamp .89 BF high performance parallel wired program start ballast


/KWH saved incentivereduced AC savings x


3 1600 lumen 17W LED T8s

2x4 lensed troffer with 3 basic grade F32T8s

3 basic grade 2800 lumen F32T8s, generic 3-lamp .88 BF electronic instant start ballast, angled sides with good white paint & clear prismatic lens

blended rate cumulative years in long term benefit

proposed

retrofit and relamping options



$0.15 1.00 additional air conditioning savings (1.00 is none) $0.05 15

A Retrofit each troffer with 3 25W F32T8 5000K lamps & .71 BF extra efficient program start parallel wired ballast

30,000 - 36,000 112 0.93 68 38% $31 $120 $10 $2 $2 $4 3.6 3.5 $349 $399

BRetrofit each troffer with upscale kit which eliminates parabolic louvers, 1 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamp & 1.15 BF extra efficient program start ballast

30,000 - 36,000 78 0.65 102 57% $46 $230 $15 $6 $25 $31 4.7 4.0 $474 $924

B1

Retrofit each troffer with upscale kit which eliminates parabolic louvers, 1 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamp & .89 BF extra efficient program start ballast. Also include 8W LED task light.

30,000 - 36,000 for T8s

67 0.56 113 63% $51 $310 $17 $6 $35 $41 5.8 5.0 $470 $1,068

B2

Retrofit each troffer with upscale kit which eliminates parabolic louvers, 1 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamp & .71 BF extra efficient program start ballast. Also include 2 8W LED task lights.

30,000 - 36,000 for T8s

62 0.52 118 66% $53 $380 $18 $6 $40 $46 6.8 6.0 $434 $1,107

CRemove both troffers. Install 8' suspended indirect/direct fixture that has 2 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamps & 1.15 BF extra efficient program start ballast.

30,000 - 36,000 70 0.58 110 61% $50 $410 $17 $6 $35 $41 7.9 7.1 $349 $948

C1

Remove both troffers. Install 8' suspended direct/indirect fixture that has 2 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamps & .89 BF extra efficient program start ballast. Also include 8W LED task light.

30,000 - 36,000 for T8s

63 0.53 117 65% $53 $490 $18 $6 $45 $51 9.0 8.0 $317 $1,065

C2

Remove both troffers. Install 8' suspended direct/indirect fixture that has 2 high lumen F32T8 5000K lamps & .71 BF extra efficient program start ballast. Also include 2 8W LED task lights.

30,000 - 36,000 for T8s

60 0.50 120 67% $54 $560 $18 $6 $50 $56 10.0 9.0 $268 $1,090

F2Retrofit each troffer with 3 15W LED T8 lamps. Also include 2 8W LED task lights to provide sufficient light.

25,000 - 50,000 104 0.87 76 42% $34 $600 $11 $2 $2 $4 17.2 17.1 -$76 -$27

G Remove both troffers. Install 2 high performance LED troffers, set at full 41W, so sufficient light at end of life. 50,000 82 0.68 98 54% $44 $650 $15 $8 $25 $33 14.4 13.7 $26 $507

G1Remove both troffers. Install 2 high performance LED troffers, set at 34W. Also include 8W LED task light.

50,000 75 0.63 105 58% $47 $720 $16 $8 $35 $43 14.9 14.0 $5 $634

G2Remove both t8offers. Install 2 high performance LED troffers, set at 28W. Also include 2 7W LED task lights.

50,000 70 0.58 110 61% $50 $790 $17 $8 $40 $48 15.6 14.7 -$31 $673

per year combined

maintenance savings and

improved worker

productivity benenfit for long term

benefit and payback

payback in years just electricty

TYPICAL OFFICE 12' long x 10' wide x 9' high

12 x 10 x 9 office area with 2 2x4 18 cell parabolic troffers, each with 3 32W 735 20,000 hour rated F32T8s and generic .88 BF ballasting (1.51 watts per square foot)

annual hours

annual electric

cost

rated lamp

life hours @ 3 hour

cycles

watts (some aver- aged)

watts per

square foot

watts reduc-

tion retrofit option description option

blended KWH rate

180 3000

years of long term benefitexisting

application and

fixture typewatts

/KWH saved first year rebateproposed

% watts reduc-

tion

payback in years

compre- hensive

long term benefit

just electricity

copyright of Stan Walerczyk of Lighting Wizards, www.lightingwizards.com, 10/1/11 version

$81.00

annual unit

electric cost

savings

appr instal-

led cost

rebate

per year mainten-

ance savings

benefit for compre- hensive

long term benefit and

payback

per year improved

worker productivity

from improved lighting quality

benefit for compre-

hensive long term benefit and

payback

long term benefit

compre- hensive



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