Double Acting Hacksaw Machine Using Scotch Yoke Mechanism

8/18/2019 Double Acting Hacksaw Machine Using Scotch Yoke Mechanism

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DOUBLE ACTING HACKSAW MACHINE USING SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISM

ABSTRACT :

This project and implimentation is worked under by the scotch yoke mechanism.The scotch yoke mechanism convert the rotary motion into the reciprocating motion.The machine has the prime mover at the bottom o the machineThe pulley is attached to the body at the top and the end o the side portionThe pulley is connected with the disc type plateThe pulley and the disc has separate connection with the one small metal rod through the bearingThe motor and pulley is connected with one !"type beltThe clamp is i#ed with the disc. The clamp is i#ed with the two sha t at the two endThe each sha t is act the reciprocating motion through the each sha t.The hack saw connected to the each sha t at the end.

PARTS OF THE PROJECT

0.5HP MOTOR

PULLEY

BEARINGS

SHAFT

HACKSAW

V-BELT

O TYPE CLAMP


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SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISM

AIM OF THE PROJECT

To de !"# $#d %$#&'$()&*e $ +o*,!#" %ode o' S(o)(/o,e%e( $#! %.

To "e) $ *$()!($ e1 o &*e o' %$( !#e )oo $#d o) e*%$#&'$()&*!#" e2&! %e#) .

PROBLEM STATEMENT

To (o#3e*) *o)$*/ %o)!o# !#)o Re(! *o($)o*/ %o)!o# !# $ !% e$*%o#!( %$##e*.

To 4&! d $ +o*,!#" %ode + !( ($# 4e '$4*!($)ed e$ ! / & !#" ) e$3$! $4 e )oo $#d %$( !#e*/.

INTRODUCTION

T e S(o)( /o,e ! $ %e( $#! % 'o* (o#3e*)!#" ) e !#e$*%o)!o#o' $ !de* !#)o *o)$)!o#$ %o)!o# o* 3!(e-3e* $. T e ! )o#


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o*o) e* *e(! *o($)!#" $*) ! d!*e() / (o& ed )o $ !d!#" /o,e+!) $ o) ) $) e#"$"e $ !# o# ) e *o)$)!#" $*). T e $ e o') e%o)!o# o' ) e ! )o# ! $ &*e !#e +$3e o3e* )!%e "!3e#$(o# )$#) *o)$)!o#$ eed. T ! %e( $#! % ! $# !#3e* !o# o' ) e

double slider cr !"#ec$ !is#%

T e !#3e* !o# ! o4)$!#ed 4/ 1!#" e!) e* ) e !#, 6o* !#, 7. I# F!"8!#, 6 ! 1ed. I# ) ! %e( $#! %8 + e# ) e !#,9

:+ !( (o**e o#d )o (*$#,; *o)$)e $4o&) B $ (e#)*e8 ) e !#, <:+ !( (o**e o#d )o $ '*$%e; *e(! *o($)e . T e 1ed !#,6"&!de ) e '*$ %e.

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NTRODUCTIONMulti-operation machine as a research area is motivated by questions that ariseinindustrial manufacturing, production planning, and computer control. Consider alargeautomotive garage with specialized shops. A car may require the followingwork, replacee haust system, align wheels, and tune up. !hese three tasks may be

carried out in any order."owever, since the e haust system, alignment, and tune-upshops are in different buildings, itis impossible to perform two tasks for a carsimultaneously. #hen there are many carsrequiring services at the three shops, it isdesirable to construct a service schedule that takesthe least amount of total time.

Scotch Yoke Mechanism!he $cotch yoke is a mechanism for converting the linear motion of a sliderintorotational motion or vice-versa. !he piston or other reciprocating part is directlycoupled to asliding yoke with a slot that engages a pin on the rotating part. !heshape of the motion of the piston is a pure sine wave over time given aconstant rotational speed. Figure 1.1 Sectional vie o! Scotch "oke mechanism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_speed


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Figure 1.# Front vie o! Scotch Yoke Mechanism 1.# Construction!he scotch yoke mechanism is constructed with iron bars. "ere the crank ismadein some length and the yoke is also made using the same material. %t is notedthat theminimum length of the yoke should be double the length of the crank. !hecrank and yoke isconnected with a pin. %ron bars are welded to both sides of theyoke to get the reciprocatingmotion. !he yoke with the iron bars is fi ed on thedisplay board with the help of c

clamp. &ow the crank is welded to the end of the shaft of the motor. &ow the pin on the crank isconnected to the yoke. !he pin used to connect yoke and crank is a bolt.1.$ %orking &rinci&le #hen the power is supplied to the '(v )c motor, shaft and crank attached to theshaft startrotating. As the crank rotates the pin slides inside the yoke and alsomoves the yoke forward. #henthe crank rotates through in clockwise directionthe yoke will get a displacement in the forwarddirection. !he ma imumdisplacement will be equal to the length of the crank. #hen the crank completesthe ne t of rotation the yoke comes back to its initial position. *or the ne t ofrotation,yoke moves in the backward direction. #hen the crank completes afull rotation the yoke moves backto the initial position. *or a complete rotation of crank the yoke moves through alength equalto double the length of the crank. !he displacement of the yoke can be

controlled by varyingthe length of the crank .


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Developmentof Multi Purpose

Machine With Scotch YokeMechanismD e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , A M C E C ,B e n g a l u r u . Page from rechargeable batteries, providing the motive power for the first electricvehicles. !oday)C motors are still found in applications as small as toys and diskdrives, or in large sizes tooperate steel rolling mills and paper machines.#.# 'rinci&les o! O&eration o! DC Motor


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%n any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor generates a magnetic field+ when this is then placed in ane ternalmagnetic field, it will e perience a force proportional to the current in theconductor, and tothe strength of the e ternal magnetic field. As you are well awareof from playing withmagnets as a kid, opposite &orth and $outh polarities attract,while like polarities &orthand &orth, $outh and $outh repel. !he internalconfiguration of a )C motor is designed toharness the magnetic interaction

between a current-carrying conductor and an e ternalmagnetic field to generaterotational motion. et/s start by looking at a simple (-pole )C electric motor herered represents amagnet or winding with a 0&orth0 polarization, while greenrepresents a magnet or windingwith a 0$outh0 polarization .Figure #.1 Sectional vie o! DC Motor 1very )C motor has si basic parts2 a le, rotor a.k.a., armature , stator,

commutator,field magnet s , and brushes. %n most common )C motors and all that3eamers will see , thee ternal magnetic field is produced by high-strength

permanent magnets. !he stator is thestationary part of the motor, this includes themotor casing, as well as two or more permanentmagnet pole pieces. !he rotors

together with the a le and attached commutator rotate withrespect to the stator.!he rotor consists of windings generally on a core , the windings beingelectricallyconnected to the commutator. !he above diagram shows a common motorlayoutwith the rotor inside the stator field magnets.


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Development of Mul t i Purpose Machine With Scotch YokeMechanism

D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , A M C E C ,B e n g a l u r u . Page !!he geometry of the brushes, commutator contacts, and rotor windings are suchthatwhen power is applied, the polarities of the energized winding and the statormagnet s aremisaligned, and the rotor will rotate until it is almost aligned with the


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stator/s field magnets.As the rotor reaches alignment, the brushes move to the ne tcommutator contacts, andenergize the ne t winding. 4iven our e ample two-polemotor, the rotation reverses thedirection of current through the rotor winding,leading to a 0flip0 of the rotor/s magnetic field,driving it to continue rotating.!he)C Motor or )irect Current Motor to give it its full title, is the mostcommonlyused actuator for producing continuous movement and whose speed ofrotation can easily becontrolled, making them ideal for use in applications werespeed control, servo type control,and5or positioning is required. A )C motorconsists of two parts, a 0$tator0 which is thestationary part and a 06otor0 which isthe rotating part. !he result is that there are basicallythree types of )C Motoravailable.i. (rushe) Motor

- !his type of motor produces a magnetic field in a wound rotorthe part that rotates by passing an electrical current through a commutator and car

bon brush assembly, hence the term 03rushed0. !he stators the stationary partmagneticfield is produced by using either a wound stator field winding or by

permanentmagnets. 4enerally brushed )C motors are cheap, small and easilycontrolled.ii. (rushless Motor- !his type of motor produce a magnetic field in the rotor byusing permanent magnets attached to it and commutation is achieved electronically. !heyare generally smaller but more e pensive than conventional brushed type)Cmotors because they use 0"all effect0 switches in the stator to produce the requiredstator field rotational sequence but they have better torque5speed characteristics,are moreefficient and have a longer operating life than equivalent brushed types.iii. Servo Motor

- !his type of motor is basically a brushed )C motor with some formof positional feedback control connected to the rotor shaft. !hey are connected toandcontrolled by a 7#M type controller and are mainly used in positionalcontrolsystems and radio controlledmodels. &ormal )C motors have almost linear characteristics with their speed of r otation beingdetermined by the applied )C voltage and their output torque beingdetermined by the


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D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , A M C E C ,B e n g a l u r u . Page "current flowing through the motor windings. !he speed of rotation of any )Cmotor can bevaried from a few revolutions per minute rpm to many thousands ofrevolutions per minutemaking them suitable for electronic, automotive or roboticapplications. 3y connecting themto gearbo es or gear-trains their output speed can

be decreased while at the same timeincreasing the torque output of the motor at ahigh speed


D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , A M C E C ,B e n g a l u r u . Page

from rechargeable batteries, providing the motive power for the first electricvehicles. !oday)C motors are still found in applications as small as toys and diskdrives, or in large sizes tooperate steel rolling mills and paper machines.#.# 'rinci&les o! O&eration o! DC Motor%n any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor generates a magnetic field+ when this is then placed in ane ternalmagnetic field, it will e perience a force proportional to the current in the


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conductor, and tothe strength of the e ternal magnetic field. As you are well awareof from playing withmagnets as a kid, opposite &orth and $outh polarities attract,while like polarities &orthand &orth, $outh and $outh repel. !he internalconfiguration of a )C motor is designed toharness the magnetic interaction

between a current-carrying conductor and an e ternalmagnetic field to generaterotational motion. et/s start by looking at a simple (-pole )C electric motor herered represents amagnet or winding with a 0&orth0 polarization, while greenrepresents a magnet or windingwith a 0$outh0 polarization .Figure #.1 Sectional vie o! DC Motor 1very )C motor has si basic parts2 a le, rotor a.k.a., armature , stator,commutator,field magnet s , and brushes. %n most common )C motors and all that3eamers will see , thee ternal magnetic field is produced by high-strength

permanent magnets. !he stator is thestationary part of the motor, this includes the

motor casing, as well as two or more permanentmagnet pole pieces. !he rotorstogether with the a le and attached commutator rotate withrespect to the stator.

!he rotor consists of windings generally on a core , the windings beingelectricallyconnected to the commutator. !he above diagram shows a common motorlayoutwith the rotor inside the stator field magnets.


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D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , A M C E C ,B e n g a l u r u . Page !!he geometry of the brushes, commutator contacts, and rotor windings are suchthatwhen power is applied, the polarities of the energized winding and the statormagnet s aremisaligned, and the rotor will rotate until it is almost aligned with the


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stator/s field magnets.As the rotor reaches alignment, the brushes move to the ne tcommutator contacts, andenergize the ne t winding. 4iven our e ample two-polemotor, the rotation reverses thedirection of current through the rotor winding,leading to a 0flip0 of the rotor/s magnetic field,driving it to continue rotating.!he)C Motor or )irect Current Motor to give it its full title, is the mostcommonlyused actuator for producing continuous movement and whose speed ofrotation can easily becontrolled, making them ideal for use in applications werespeed control, servo type control,and5or positioning is required. A )C motorconsists of two parts, a 0$tator0 which is thestationary part and a 06otor0 which isthe rotating part. !he result is that there are basicallythree types of )C Motoravailable.i. (rushe) Motor

- !his type of motor produces a magnetic field in a wound rotorthe part that rotates by passing an electrical current through a commutator and car

bon brush assembly, hence the term 03rushed0. !he stators the stationary partmagneticfield is produced by using either a wound stator field winding or by

permanentmagnets. 4enerally brushed )C motors are cheap, small and easilycontrolled.ii. (rushless Motor- !his type of motor produce a magnetic field in the rotor byusing permanent magnets attached to it and commutation is achieved electronically. !heyare generally smaller but more e pensive than conventional brushed type)Cmotors because they use 0"all effect0 switches in the stator to produce the requiredstator field rotational sequence but they have better torque5speed characteristics,are moreefficient and have a longer operating life than equivalent brushed types.iii. Servo Motor

- !his type of motor is basically a brushed )C motor with some formof positional feedback control connected to the rotor shaft. !hey are connected toandcontrolled by a 7#M type controller and are mainly used in positionalcontrolsystems and radio controlledmodels. &ormal )C motors have almost linear characteristics with their speed of r otation beingdetermined by the applied )C voltage and their output torque beingdetermined by the


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D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , A M C E C ,B e n g a l u r u . Page "current flowing through the motor windings. !he speed of rotation of any )Cmotor can bevaried from a few revolutions per minute rpm to many thousands ofrevolutions per minutemaking them suitable for electronic, automotive or roboticapplications. 3y connecting themto gearbo es or gear-trains their output speed can

be decreased while at the same timeincreasing the torque output of the motor at ahigh speed.#.$ (rushe) DC MotorA conventional brushed )C Motor consist basically of two parts, the stationary

bodyof the motor called the $tator and the inner part which rotates producing themovement calledthe 6otor or

*Armature*for )C machines. !he motors wound stator is an electromagnetcircuit whichconsists of electrical coils connected together in a circular configurationto produce the required &orth-pole then a $outh-pole then a &orth-pole etc, type stationarymagnetic field system for rotation, unlike AC machines whose stator fieldcontinually rotateswith the applied frequency.!he current which flows within thesefield coils is known as the motor field current.!hese electromagnetic coils whichform the stator field can be electrically connected inseries, parallel or both together

compound with the motors armature. A series wound )Cmotor has its stator fieldwindings connected in series with the armature. ikewise, a shuntwound )C motor has its stator field windings connected in parallel with the armature asshown


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D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , A M C E C ,B e n g a l u r u . Page #!'ro+ect &ictures


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D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , A M C E C ,B e n g a l u r u . Page $%C,-'T R/$F-(RIC-TION$.1 Frame %ork Figure $.1 !rame S&eci!ications0 ength0 23.4cm(rea)th0 13.4cm,eight0 51cm$.# Scotch YokeMechanismFigure $.# Scotch Yoke Mechanism S&eci!ications0Tu6e length0 34.4cmTu6e )iameter0 #.4cmDisc )iameter0 17cm


D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , A M C E C ,B e n g a l u r u . Page #&Sli)er height0 1$cmSli)er i)th0 4cmRectangular !rame length023.4cmRectangular !rame height0 $2cm$.$ %ork Ta6leFigure $.$ Circular ork

ta6le S&eci!ications0Ta6le )iameter0 5.4cmSu&&orting link length0 13cmSu&&orting link height0 1$cmFigure $.7 $D vie o! multi&ur&ose machine


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Ad& !' (es

H!" )o*2&e o&) &) +!) $ %$ (/ !#de* !=e

Fe+e* %o3!#" $*)

S%oo) e* o e*$)!o#

H!" e* e*(e#)$"e o' ) e )!%e e#) $) )o de$d (e#)e* :d+e ;!% *o3!#" ) eo*e)!($ e#"!#e e>(!e#(/ o' (o# )$#)3o &%e (o%4& )!o# (/( e ) o&" $()&$ "$!# $3e#o) 4ee#de%o# )*$)ed.

I# $# e#"!#e $ !($)!o#8 e !%!#$)!o# o' ?o!#) )/ !($ / e*3ed 4/ $+*! ) !#8 $#d #e$* e !%!#$)!o# o' ! )o# ,!*) $#d (/ !#de*

(&>#"8 $ !de o$d!#" o' ! )o# d&e )o !#eo' (o##e()!#" *od$#" e ! e !%!#$)ed.

)%* Dis d& !' (es

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_dead_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_dead_center


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R$ !d +e$* o' ) e o) !# ) e /o,e ($& ed 4/ !d!#" '*!()!o# $#d!" (o#)$() *e &*e .

I#(*e$ ed e$) o d&*!#" (o%4& )!o# d&e )o e1)e#ded d+e$) )o de$d (e#)e* o@ e) $#/ (o# )$#) 3o &%e (o%4& )!o#!% *o3e%e#) !# *e$ e#"!#e .

Le e* e*(e#)$"e o' ) e )!%e e#) $) 4o))o% de$d (e#)e**ed&(!#" 4 o+ do+# )!%e'o* )+o )*o,e e#"!#e 8 + e# (o% $*ed+!) $ (o#3e#)!o#$ ! )o# $#d (*$#, $')%e( $#! %.

)%+ A,,lic 'io!s

T ! e)& ! %o ) (o%%o# / & ed !# (o#)*o 3$ 3e $()&$)o* !#!" *e &*e o! $#d "$ ! e !#e

I) $ 4ee# & ed !# 3$*!o& !#)e*#$ (o%4& )!o# e#"!#e 8 &( $) e Bo&*,e e#"!#e8 S/Te( e#"!#e8 $#d %$#/ o) $!*e#"!#e $#d )e$% e#"!#e .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_dead_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pipeline#Oil_and_natural_gas_pipelineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourke_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_air_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_air_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_dead_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_dead_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pipeline#Oil_and_natural_gas_pipelineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pipeline#Oil_and_natural_gas_pipelineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourke_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_air_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_air_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engine


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I) ! $ o & ed !# %& )! &* o e %$( !#e $#d I.C e#"!#e .

CONC USION!he scotch yoke mechanism is made and its advantages and disadvantagesarediscussed. %ts motion characteristics are studied. %t is concluded that thismechanism is a goodchoice to convert rotating motion into reciprocating motion

because of fewer moving partsand smoother operation. %t can be used in directin8ection engines like diesel engines, hot air engines.%n this pro8ect report we

provide an overview of the issues concerning differentaspects of multipurposemachine using scotch yoke mechanism .!he pro8ect report focus onthe principle ofscotch yoke mechanism, type of tooling and machining parametersand process performance measure, which include cutting speed, depth of cut,materi

al removalrate with different type of equipments which can be run simultaneouslyand fabricate thework piece %n multipurpose machine has been presented . the presented results can help to plan the machining of work piece withe pected tolerance.!he following ma8or conclusions may be drawn from the

present pro8ect report.

Multipurpose machine is derived from turning lathe which has been awellestablished industrial processes offering attractive capabilities for handling work piece of various length to be used at micro level.

#e have presented the development of multipurpose machine in various modes

bywhich it can be actively adopted.

#e have e plained the various parts and components of multipurpose machineusingscotch yoke mechanism.

)ifferent types of attachments and tools which can be implemented onmultipurposemachine has been discussed

#e have discussed the entire time line and working chart .


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D e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , A M C E C ,B e n g a l u r u . Page ##!he vital need for the fabrication of a multipurpose machine is significant in themuchdelay and time as well as energy wasted in using simple hand tools to carryout 8obs.Moreover, the cost of a lathe machine is too high for an average user. Also,multipurposemachine will helps to reduce the cost and consequently increase therate of production andcraftsman9s skill. !he general purpose for any pro8ect is to find solutions on a certain problems. %t9salsogives main idea how the pro8ect to be completed. *or this pro8ect, the problemsthat need to be solved are2-' Any manufacturer wants to reduce cost and timetaken to complete a product but gives better quality products and increases theoutputs.( Manufacturer tends to upgrade their machines to compete with the new

machine withnew technology.: athe machine cutting tool can easily break andneeds to enhance its tool life.!he continuous quest to have the problems of manand his growing needs solved has ledto the establishment of factories and otherindustries, which necessitates an intermediatetechnology. "owever, simple handtools that were in use before are no longer efficient for mass production. !hen,there comes the need for urgent attention to better and usefulmultipurposemachines.


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R F R NC S

;' 3roderick, A. (??? . 7erceptions,correctionsand defections2 implications for $cotch yoke mechanism, '? @ , :: -:B@.;(


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Developmentof Multi Purpose

Machine With Scotch

YokeMechanism

Departmentof Mechanical E


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ngineering, AMCEC,Bengaluru.

Page #!

'ro+ect&ictures


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Documents

Double Acting Hacksaw Machine Using Scotch Yoke Mechanism