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Downhole Logging Tools
Summary
Production Logging Fundamentals
Major Through-Tubing Cased Hole Production Tools
Casing Collar Locator Log Gamma Ray Log Caliper Noise Logs Temperature Logs Radioactive Tracer Logs Spinner Flowmeter Logs Pressure Logging Tools Gradiomanometer Logs
Not Covered
This Section
Pulsed Neutron (TDT) Logs
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© PetroSkills, LLC., 2016. All rights reserved._____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Zero depth reference
Permission to publish by the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME.Copyright 1983 SPE-AIME.
Counting Pipe Collars is a Common Application
Casing Collar Locator (CCL)
Counting Pipe Collars is a fundamental need for depth correlation
Co
llar
loca
tor
Su
b. 2
ft (.
61
m)
Bottom magnet
Top magnet
High impedance amplifier & voltmeter
Gamma Ray: correlation with open hole logs
Gamma Ray (GR) Tool
Drill Collar
Gamma Ray Detectors
Dual Detectors
Bank A Bank B
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Blades
Monitors wellbore condition (open or cased hole)
Caliper
A B
Moving caliper
arm
or multi-finger typesCaliper tool:
Variable resistance
Caliper arm
Variable resistor
HRT = High Resolution TemperatureHRT = High Resolution Temperature
Temperature Log
Temperature
CCL
Electronic cartridge
Bridge
Temperature-sensitive resistor
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© PetroSkills, LLC., 2016. All rights reserved._____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Top Gamma Detector
Bottom Gamma Detector
Radioactive Tracer Tool
Shot = 20 cc
CCL
Ejector Port
Continuous Flowmeter (CFM) Principle
The spinner flowmeter is the most commonly used device for measuring flow profiles, both in injection and production wells.
Impeller placed in well to measure fluid velocity
• Signal period on output coil • Frequency of rotation F• Measures in rps
Characteristics• rps are filtered before recording• Spin direction is now presented on logs
Continuous Flowmeter Sonde (CFS)• Maximum Pressure (psi) 15000 (103 mPa)
• Maximum Temperature (°F) 350 (177 °C)
• Makeup Length (inches) 24.0 (61 cm)
Lower Bearing
Spinner
Pickup Coil
Upper Bearing
Electrical Connection
Magnet
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Full Bore Flowmeter Sonde (FBS – B/C/D)
Maximum Pressure (psi) 20000Maximum Temperature (F) 392Weight (lbs) 11Makeup Length (inches) 35.1
FBS-C
The high resolution kit increases the number of magnets from the standard 2 to 6. This effectively multiples the response by a factor of 3.
FBS-D
This modification allows the detection of the direction of rotation of the spinner.
Courtesy of Schlumberger
Pressure Logging Tool
Usually contained within the same housing as the temperature tool
Sensor (strain or quartz gauge) measures absolute pressure at logging point
Data to be used in combination with other production logging tool components
Limitation: Quartz crystals need to be well protected or risk damage
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© PetroSkills, LLC., 2016. All rights reserved._____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Gradiomanometer
Measures pressure differentials
Mechanism requires calibration with a known fluid
Correction needed for hole deviation
Friction and kinetic effect light to negligible in moderate flow conditions
Good resolution (0.01 gm/cc)
Reads average fluid density of the continuous phase
Identifies gas and water entry
Often run with spinner tools (additional data at low marginal cost)
Gradiomanometer Components
Electronic cartridge
Transducer
Upper Sensing bellows
Slotted Housing
Floating connecting tube
Lower Sensing bellows
Expansion bellows
Spacing2 ft
(0.61 m)
Readings to be corrected for hole deviation and possible friction
Limitation: Application is of limited interest in highly deviated or horizontal wellbores when stratified flow is present
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Production Combination Tool (PCT)
PCT Logging Tool Specification• Fullbore Flowmeter• Gradiomanometer• Caliper• Manometer• Thermometer• Casing Collar Locator• Gamma Ray
In open hole, the presence of a caliper is essential.
In cased hole logs, it is useful to obtain a diagnosis on the actual casing diameter.
When local conditions are unknown, this PCT configuration helps to record the maximum amount of relevant data to diagnose well flow conditions.
Run only those tools that are needed (‘Fit-for-purpose’ rather than ‘Nice-to-have’).
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© PetroSkills, LLC., 2016. All rights reserved._____________________________________________________________________________________________
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