Developed by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa working closely with Weta Workshop

World War ITeachers’ Resource Pack

Contents

Developed by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa working closely with Weta Workshop

1 WorldWarI

3 Aboutthisresource

5 Insidetheexhibition–whatstudentswillexperience

5 Parentalguidancerecommended

6 Section 1: The great adventure

9 SpencerWestmacottOBE

11 Section 2: Order from chaos

13 PercivalFenwick

15 WilliamMalone

17 Section 3: Stalemate

18 JackDunn

20 Section 4: Chunuk Bair

23 RikihanaCarkeek

25 Section 5: Saying goodbye

27 TheMaheno

29 LottieLeGallais

30 Section 6: Western Front

32 CecilMalthus

34 Learningactivities

36 Slice of Heaven exhibition

43 Further resources

43 Explore World War I at Te Papa – a long-term approach

2

About this resourceThis resource supports learning about World War I (also known as the Great War), with a focus on the experiences of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (Anzac) on the Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. It accompanies the exhibition Gallipoli: The scale of our war and is suitable for students in years 5–13.

The resource provides:

n exhibition text about the events that took place on Gallipoli, including soldiers’ accounts

n learning activities to prompt discussion in the exhibition or afterwards in the classroom

n extension activities that connect with the Te Papa exhibition Slice of Heaven: 20th Century Aotearoa, which explores further aspects of the First World War.

The content draws from the exhibition text, which was written as if from the soldiers’ perspective, and actual quotes from New Zealanders who were on Gallipoli.

You can find out more at

www.gallipoli.tepapa.govt.nz

www.gallipoli.tepapa.govt.nz/watch

www.tepapa.govt.nz/sliceofheaven

SLICE OF HEAVENEXHIBITION

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TomarkthecentenaryoftheFirstWorldWar,

TePapahasjoinedforceswithWetaWorkshop

tobringyouGallipoli: The scale of our war.

Thisimmersiveexhibitionexploresthebrutal

8-monthcampaignthroughtheeyesandwords

ofNewZealanderswhowerethere.

Perhaps [Anzac Cove] will someday be known as Bloody Beach Bay. God knows we have paid heavily for it. Lieutenant Colonel Percival Fenwick

Inside the exhibitionTheexhibitionallowsstudentsto:

n experiencethescaleoftheGallipolicampaignthroughlarge-scalereplicasofNewZealanderswhotookpart

n seeobjectsbroughthomeorassociatedwiththebattlefieldsofGallipoli

n viewphotostakenbysoldiersonthefrontlinen followthecampaignon3-Dmapsandprojectionsn seetheweaponsusedandexplorethehavocthey

wroughtn discoverthecramped,filthyconditionsthatthe

soldiersfacedn readextractsfromlettersanddiarieswrittenby

soldiers,andhearfromveteransmanyyearsaftertheyserved

n seeinsideaminiatureoftheMaheno,asteamshipconvertedintoahospitalshiptoevacuatethesickandwounded.

About the exhibition Gallipoli: The scale of our war

Parental guidance recommendedContainsgraphiccontentandsomelanguagethatmayoffend.

Gallipoli: The scale of our warcontainscontentthatmaydisturbsomestudents(especiallythosewhohaveexperiencedwar),includingweapons,soundsofgunfire,imagesofthedead,graphicdepictionofwounds,andstrongreferencestotheTurkishenemyinthesoldiers’ownwords.

Please appropriately prepare your students for the material they are going to see. Werecommendthat,beforevisitingwithyourclass,you:

n attendtheGallipoliteacherprevieworaprofessional-developmentworkshop

n orexploretheexhibitiononyourownn orcontactourEducationCoordinatorto

discussyourvisit:phone(04)3817443oremail:reservations@tepapa.govt.nz

Pleasealsoensurethatyouhaveenoughparenthelperstoattendontheday.

Learning activitiesCan be found throughout this resource

5

SeCTion The great adventure

In this section of the exhibitionn WhyNewZealandsoldierswereonGallipolin ArrivalonGallipolin First3weeksonGallipolin Compulsorymilitarytraining

Anzac Cove, 25 April 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PAColl-3604-1)

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6

Compulsory military trainingTroublewasbrewinginEurope,andtheBritswantedusreadytodefendthe‘mothercountry’.Soin1909,ourgovernmentestablishedcompulsorymilitarytrainingandaTerritorialForcetoprotectourownshores.Everyable-bodiedmanagedbetween18and25hadtoserveintheforcepart-time.

Ladsaged14to18weretrainedindrillandriflepracticeasSchoolCadets.Boysaged12to14trainedasJuniorCadets,butsomeparentsthoughtthemtooyoung,sothatstoppedin1912.

Why we went to GallipoliWarbrokeoutinAugust1914,andinOctoberwesailedforFrancetofighttheGermans.ButthentheTurksjoinedthewarinsupportofGermany.WewerestoppedinEgypttoprotecttheSuezCanal,ontheedgeoftheOttomanEmpire–theTurks’territory.ThenweweresenttoinvadeGallipoli,withtheultimateaimofcapturingtheTurkishcapital,Constantinople(Istanbul).

Invading Gallipoli, TurkeyGallipoliwasourfirstcampaignofthewar.WelandedatAnzacCoveonApril25th1915,readytobackuptheAussies.

The Turks welcomed us with shrapnel and sprayed up the sea all about us. Lieutenant Colonel William Malone

Wewerecarryingcloseto75lbs(34kg)ingear–nearlyhalfourbodyweightinsomecases.

In getting out of the boats, many men got a saltwater bath all over. They had full packs, 200 rounds of ammunition, three days food etc, and so easily slipped and fell. Lieutenant Colonel William Malone

Wecarriedportableentrenchingtools,andsodidtheTurks.Youslottedthewoodenhandleintothepickandshovelblade,andcouldscrapeyourselfashallowholetoescapeenemyfire.

New Zealand troops in narrow ‘coffin’ holes on the ridges above Anzac Cove, April 1915. Centre with pipe: Private Harold McCoy. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PAColl-3604-03)

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Hugging the ground in frantic terror, we began to dig blindly with our puny entrenching tools. Private Cecil Malthus

Thefirstdayoffightingwasbrutal:3,100ofuslandedand650werekilledorwounded.

The Turkish enemyJohnnyTurk,Abdul,Jacko…whateverwecalledtheTurks,theywerebloodytoughopponents.We’dbeentoldtheywerepoorfighters,buttheywerebattlehardened,welltrained,andwellled.Thiswastheirhome,andtheydefendeditbyholdingthehighgroundandtryingtodriveusbacktothesea.

I don’t order you to attack. I order you to die. By the time we are dead, other units and commanders will have come up to take our place. Lieutenant Colonel Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), commander of the Turkish 19th Division on Gallipoli

Learning activitiesn HowdoyouthinkcompulsorySchool

Cadetsatsecondaryschoolwouldbereceivedtoday?

n Discusswithafriendthestatement:‘Entrenchingtoolswereasvaluableasyourrifle.’

Whichdoyouthinkwouldhavebeenmorevaluableandwhy?

Whichtoolsmighttoday’ssoldiersdescribeasvaluable?

Without a pang, without doubt or hesitation, we dropped the life that had absorbed us ... the great adventure began. Private Cecil Malthus

n Whatevidenceindicatesthatmanysoldierssharedthisview?

n Wouldyouhavesharedit?DoyouthinkNewZealanderstodaywouldrespondinthesamewayiftheyweresentoverseastofight?Whatmakesyousaythat?

8

Born:Christchurch,1885Died:Wellington,1960

Before the warn Workedonhisfather’sfarmandenjoyed

landscapepaintingn SupervisedSchoolCadetsatTrentham,

Wellington–hisonlybreakfromfarming

In the warn OfficerwiththeAucklandInfantryBattalion

intheMainBodyoftheNewZealandExpeditionaryForce,whichdepartedforEuropeon16October1914

When war came, I must go ... I had the chance to lead men. I could show what I was made of, in the greatest test of all.

LieutenantSpencerWestmacottwasoneofthefirstmentolandonGallipolionApril25th.HereinforcedtheAustralianline,buthisrightarmwassmashedbyabulletwhileholdingoffaTurkishattack.

Auckland Infantry Battalion landing at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915, by Spencer Westmacott. Courtesy of Yvonne Riddiford.

Raised on my elbows, I continued to examine the landscape in front through the binoculars … when I received a blow on my right arm … which turned me right over … I gave some groans, and was very ashamed of them.

Spencer Westmacott OBE

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HewasstretcheredtothebeachandevacuatedthatnighttoamilitaryhospitalinAlexandria,Egypt.There,hisrightarmwasamputated.Whilerecuperating,hewrote:

I shall become a rigorous penman with my left hand. I shall be able to accomplish all sorts of things.

After the warIn1917,WestmacottmarriedJeanCampbell,whomhe’dknownsincechildhoodandhadmetagainduringhisconvalescence.Afterthewar,heattendedartschool.HeandJeanhadasonandtwodaughters.TheyeventuallyreturnedtohisfarmnearTeKuiti.

DuringWorldWarII(1939–45),WestmacottcommandedtheOtorohangaBattalionoftheHomeGuard.HediedinWellingtonin1960.

Spencer Westmacott and his wife, Jean, on their farm near Te Kuiti, 1929. Photographer unknown, Courtesy of Yvonne Riddiford

Learning activitiesn WhatdoyouthinkWestmacottmay

havebeenthinkingandfeeling:– beforelandingonGallipoli?– whileonGallipoli?– onreturningtoNewZealand?

n DoyouthinkhisattitudestowarwouldhavechangedasaresultofhisexperiencesonGallipoli?Whydoyousaythat?

Lieutenant Spencer Westmacott, August 1914 (detail). Photographer unknown. Courtesy of Yvonne Riddiford

10

SeCTion order from chaos

In this section of the exhibitionn Truce:Buryingourdeadn Ammunitionanditseffectsn Roleofthesnipern Quinn’sPost:Shamblestoshelter

New Zealand dressing station on the beach where the New Zealand Medical Corps tended the wounded. Photograph by Percival Fenwick. Tämaki Paenga Hira Auckland War Memorial Museum (PH-NEG-C54328)

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ChaosOurlandingonApril25thhadbeenabloodyshambles.TheTurksweren’tabouttoletup,andwehungonbyourfingernails.

Ourcommandershadtorapidlyimprovethedefencesandorganisefrightenedmentofight.Thewoundedfloodedin,andourmedicalofficerstrieddesperatelytobringsomeordertothechaos.

Truce: Burying our deadTheTurksfoughtbackhardonMay19th,andwemetthemwithamillionroundsofrifleandmachine-gunfire.Thebattlefieldwascoveredintheirdead–around3,500–andhundredsofourownmenfromthelanding.Thestenchwasunbearable.

TheTurksrequestedaceasefiresobothsidescouldlaytheirdeadtorest.OnMay24th,thegunsfellsilent.

The Turkish dead lay so thick that it was almost impossible to pass without treading on the bodies … swollen, black, hideous, and over all a nauseating stench that nearly made one vomit … I pray God I may never see such an awful sight again. Lieutenant Colonel Percival Fenwick

Burying dead soldiers during the truce, 24 May 1915. Photograph by Lieutenant Colonel William Malone. Malone Family Collection

At this spectacle, even the most gentle must feel savage, and the most savage must weep. Attributed to Turkish Captain Nazim

Learning activitiesn LieutenantColonelPercivalFenwick

saidthisaboutthefirst24hoursonGallipoli:

‘AmorehellishSundayonecouldnotconceive.’– Whydoyouthinkhefeltlikethis?– Whatevidencecanyoufindthat

otherssharedhisperspective?Doyoushareit?

n Whydoyouthinkbothsidesagreedtoatrucetoburythedead?

n TheTurksandAnzacsswappedsmokes(cigarettes)duringthetruce.– Doyouthinkthetrucewouldhave

changedtheperspectivesofanyofthesoldiersabouttheenemy?

– Wouldithavechangedyourperspective?Whyorwhynot?

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Born:London,1870Died:1958

Before the war n Trainedasadoctorandworkedinseveral

Londonhospitalsn Appointedship’ssurgeon,n AppointedtothestaffofChristchurchHospital

in1895n LeftfortheSouthAfricanWarinJanuary1900

asasurgeoncaptainn MarriedNonaWrightin1903.Theirdaughter

Gwendolenwasbornin1905,inWanganui,andtheirsonChristopherin1908.

In the warLieutenantColonelPercivalFenwickwasanearlyvolunteer.HewentwiththeMainBodytoEgyptandlandedonGallipolion25April.HewasoneofthefirstNewZealanddoctorsashore.In24hours,hetreatedhundredsofAnzacsonthebeach,laterrecalling:‘Everyminute,thenumberincreased…thechaosbecameappalling…IdressedasmanyasIcould,butitwasadreadfultime…Menwerehit

constantly…’

Total to date: 5,000 casualties, about three men per yard of ground gained. An order came out naming this bay Anzac Bay … Perhaps it will someday be known as Bloody Beach Bay. God knows we have paid heavily for it.

Endlesshourstreatingthesickandwoundedtooktheirtoll.IllnessforcedareluctantFenwickoffthepeninsulaaftertwomonths–inGallipoliterms,alifetime.

It is not the danger dirt and misery – it is the ghastly waiting to be killed that wears us all to shreds.

AfterabriefspellinNewZealand,FenwickspenttherestofthewarinBritain,wherehecommandedtwoNewZealandmilitaryhospitals.

Percival Fenwick

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After the warAfterthewar,FenwickresumedhismedicalcareerinChristchurch.Inthe1920s,hecombinedthiswithmilitaryandcivicduties.In1924,hesetupChristchurchHospital’sradiotherapydepartment,whichheheadeduntil1943.

Learning activities

It would worry my wife dreadfully if she knew the inferno we were living in, and my weekly letters are very milk-and-watery. The censor is a good excuse for not mentioning anything except we are in garrison and enjoying sea-bathing.

n Basedonthisquote,howdoyouthinkLieutenantColonelPercivalFenwickfeltaboutwritinghome?

n Whydoyouthinkthesoldiers’letterswerecensored?Doyouagreewithcensorseditingsoldiers’personalletters?Explainyourperspectivetoafriend.

n Doyouthinkthegovernmentshouldbeabletocensorourpersonalemailstoday?Whyorwhynot?

Percival Fenwick in his dugout. Photographer unknown. Tämaki Paenga Hira Auckland War Memorial Museum (PH-NEG-C54342)

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Born:England,1859Died:ChunukBair,August1915

Before the warn ArrivedinTaranakiin1880n JoinedtheArmedConstabularyn Tookupfarmingn Ultimatelybecamealawyern Commandedthe11thRegimentin1911

In the warn AppointedtocommandWellingtonInfantry

BattalionoftheNewZealandExpeditionaryForcen SailedforEuropeinOctober1914n TrainedtroopsinEgyptn On25April1915,invadedGallipoliwiththe

WellingtonInfantryBattalionaspartoftheNewZealandExpeditionaryForce

The might and cohesion of the British Empire was made evident. It was an inspiring sight, and I felt proud to be an actor in the action.

The beach was crowded with all sorts of beings, men, mules, donkeys, horses, ammunition, supplies, naval beach parties.

nDiedinthebattleforChunukBair,August1915

William Malone

Learning activitiesn Findevidencethatsupportsthe

statement‘Malonewasahighlyskilledanddedicatedsoldieraswellasalovinghusband.’Doyouagreewiththisdescription?Whyorwhynot?

n HowwouldyoudescribeMalone’sattitudetowar?Isitonethatyouthinkothersoldiersatthetimeagreedwith?DoyouthinkmostpeopleinNewZealandtodaysharethatattitude?Pleaseexplainyouranswers.

Quinn’s Post: Shambles to shelter

Dirty, dilapidated, unorganised … This post has been a source of anxiety to the whole army, so I was honoured by being … put in charge.

Quinn’sPostwasonly6to10feetfromtheTurkishtrenchesandtotallyexposed.ThankstoLieutenantColonelWilliamMalone,theAnzacsmanagedtoholdit.Whenhetookoveron9June,hereorganisedthedefencesandhadhismenreturnTurkishfiretwofold.Withinaweek,they’dtransformedthepostfromthemostdangerousanddirtypositiontooneofthesafestandstrongestonGallipoli.

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SeCTion Stalemate

In this section of the exhibitionn JackDunnsentencedtodeathn No.1Outpost/MaoriPahn PlanningtheAugustoffensive

Soldiers in a trench, Gallipoli, 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (½-103903)

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Stalemate: No way forwardInJuneandJuly,theTurkstriedtodriveusbacktothesea.They’dhemmedusin,butweimprovedourdefencesandheldthemoff.Stalemate.

Dayin,dayout,ourtuckerwasthesame:salty,stringybully-beefandrock-hardbiscuits,andsometimescheeseandjam.Intheheat,thecornedbeefandcheeseturnedtoliquidandbuzzedblackwithflies.Someofusgotskinnyascrows.Waterhadtobebroughtinbyboat,andwecarriedourmeagredailyrationinbottles.

Inraremomentstoourselves,we’dsmoke,writehome,mendouruniforms,orpickofflice.Someblokescarvedorsketched.

Picking lice from clothing, Gallipoli, November/December 1915. Photograph by Norman Prior. Wairarapa Archives (11-72/4-2-30)

The dugout of George Gordon Denniston and Robert Lanktree Withers, Gallipoli, 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PA1-o-863-07-8)

Maori PahAfterbeingsidelinedonMalta,usMaorisfinallygottoAnzacCoveonJuly3rd1915.No.1OutpostbecameknownastheMaoriPah.Itwasgoodtohearriflesgoingoffinthehills–realwaratlast!

WewereputtoworkdiggingtheGreatSap,asupplyandcommunicationtrenchallowingdaylighttraveltotheoutpostswithoutbeingshot.WealsoluggedheavywatertanksuptoPlugge’sPlateau.Wewerefreshandfit–infarbetternickthanthechapsalreadyhere.

Planning the August offensiveThestalematewiththeTurkshadtobebroken.OurAnzaccommandersdevisedaplan.

WewouldattacktheSariBairrangeinearlyAugustandtakethehighground,includingChunukBair–thebigsteptowardstheDardanellesStraitandthenthecapital,Constantinople(Istanbul).TheAussieswoulddistracttheTurkstothesouth,andafreshlotofTommies(British)wouldreinforceusfromthebeachesfurthernorth.Ifeverythingwenttoplan,victorywouldbeours.

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Born:Wairarapa,1889Died:ChunukBair,August1915

Before the warn Keenathleten Journalist

In the warn Enlistedwithhisbrothern Camedownwithpneumoniaafterone

monthoffightingn Returnedfromhospitalveryquicklyn Fellasleepathispostandwassentencedto

deathaspertheManual of Military Law: ‘Asentinelfoundasleepordrunkathispost

whileonactiveservicewould,ifthecharacterandthecircumstancesoftheoffenceweresufficientlygrave,beliabletosufferdeath.’

Jack Dunn

John (Jack) Dunn (right), before 1915 (detail). Photographer unknown. Wairarapa Archive (05-39/P-J-34-2.R14B9S4)

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Reading of findings of court martial of Private Jack Dunn, Quinn’s Post, 4 August 1915. Photographer unknown. Australian War Memorial (P04250.003)

Learning activitiesn Doyouthinkthedecisiontosentence

Dunntodeathwasfair?Whyorwhynot?Howdoyouthinkhewouldhavefeltaboutit?

n InNewZealand,thelastpersonsentencedtodeathdiedin1957.In1989,theAbolitionoftheDeathPenaltyActcameintoforceandnownooneinNewZealandcanbesentencedtodeathforacrime.– Whatmighthaveledtosociety

changingitsviewonthisissue?– Doyouthinkthedeathpenalty

shouldapplyinthemilitary?Shouldthemilitaryhaveitsownrulesandpunishments?Whyorwhynot?

Jack’s death sentenceOneofJackDunn’scomradesrememberedhimasbeing‘gametothecore’–he‘neverflinchedinthefaceofthemostdeadlyfire’.Evenso,hewassentencedtodeathforfallingasleepathispostandendangeringthelivesofhiscomrades.HewasimprisonedatQuinn’sPostfor17days,buttheGeneraleventuallytookhisillnessandreputationintoaccountandoverturnedtheruling.

ThisphotoshowsthemomentJackheardhe’dgotoffhisdeathsentence.Youcanseehiminthelowerleftoftheimage–bareheaded,armstohisside,backtothecamera.

OnAugust4th,Jackwassentbacktothefrontline.Afewdayslater,hewaskilledonChunukBairduringthebigoffensivetobreakthestalemate.

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SeCTion Chunuk Bair

In this section of the exhibitionn ThebattleforChunukBairn MaoriContingentinactionn Fieldtelephone

Soldiers on Table Top in a captured Turkish trench, Gallipoli, 7 August 1915. Photograph by James Read. Alexander Turnbull Library (1/4-058131-F)

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The August offensiveTheattackonChunukBairgotofftoabrilliantstartonthenightofAugust6th.By10pm,theAucklandMountedRifleshadtakenOldNo.3Outpost.ThentheWellington,Otago,andCanterburyMountedsmovedupandseizedothervitalpositions.Everyoneonfoot,allsilent,justbayonets.

TheTurksdefendedferociouslyandwelostmanymen,butwesecuredallthefoothills.ThedoortoChunukBairwaswideopen.

Members of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles with their Maxim machine gun, 10 August 1915. The man standing is Gordon Harper, the team commander. Anthony Hanmer, the gunner, was killed later that day. Photographer unknown. Courtesy of the Harper family.

Two New Zealand soldiers in a trench, one using a field telephone, Gallipoli, 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PA1-o-863-10-4)

The night air was broken vigorously by the Maori war cry of “Ka Mate, Ka Mate! Ka Ora, Ka Ora!” We may die, we may die! We may live! We may live! Captain Peter Buck (Te Rangi Hīroa)

Asourinfantrymovedup,TurkswaylaidtheOtagos,andtheCanterburysgotlost.Onlytwooffourbattalionswerereadytotakethesummit.

LieutenantColonelMalone’sWellingtonswerepoisedtoattackbeforedawn,butthebrigadecommanderhesitated.TheAucklandswereorderedtogoindaylightandweremowndown.Malonerefusedtofollowanddemandedanattackthatnight.

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Learning activitiesn WilliamMalonehadacollectionof

militarytextbooks,whichhestudiedcarefully.HowmightthishavehelpedhimintheattackonChunukBair?

n Doyouthinkinformationonkillingandmilitarystrategyshouldbeavailabletoeveryone?Why/whynot?Howcouldaccesstosuchinformationbemanaged?

n DoyouthinktheattackonChunukBairwasawastedeffort?Whatevidencesupportsyouropinion?

Beforedawnthenextday,Malone’smengrabbedthesummitofChunukBair.Buttheirsuccesswasshortlived,andtheTurkssoonretooktheposition.Malonewaskilledbyartilleryfirefromourownside.About700ofhismenalsolosttheirlives.

Ifithadn’tbeenforJesseWallingford–‘thehumanmachinegun’–wecouldhavebeenbeatenbackentirely.OnAugust10th,hiscarefullyplacedgunshelpedstopamassiveTurkishcounter-attackjustbelowthesummit.OurlastgasponGallipolicameonAugust21st,whenthegeneralsdecidedwe’dattackHill60–indaylightwithnoartillerysupport.Itwaspointless,andwelostmanymen.Thenextattackaweeklaterdestroyedwhatwasleftofus.

Jack Bendon, a very young chap … was as white as a sheet. Jack said, “I’m going to be killed this afternoon.” I said, “A lot of us will be killed.” Just as we went over, he fell behind me dead. Trooper James Rudd

Stretcher-bearers from the Otago Mounted Rifles, Gallipoli, 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PA1-o-863-01-6)

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Born:Ötaki,1890

Before the warn StudiedatTeAuteCollegeinHawke’sBay,

whereheexcelledatsportsn WorkedforatimeasaclerkinWellington

forParata&Company,afirmoflandagentsandinterpreters

In the warRikihanaCarkeekwasquicktosignupfortheMaoriContingentassoonasthegovernmentallowedMaoritoenlistintheirownunit.

HebeganhismilitarytrainingatAuckland’sAvondaleCamp,wheretheMaoriContingentwasbased.

The men selected to instruct the Maoris were first-class soldiers … possessing unlimited energy and patience … to make the Maori Contingent an efficient and up-to-date fighting machine.

Rikihana Carkeek

Corporal Rikihana Carkeek, between March 1916 and July 1917. Carkeek family collection.

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AccordingtoCarkeek,75percentofthemenatAvondaleCamphadneverbeenthroughmilitarytrainingbefore.

It is remarkable to note that for the first time in New Zealand history did all the tribes unite to fight one common enemy.

TheMaoriContingentlandedonGallipolion3July1915.TheywereputtoworkbuildingtrenchesatNo.1Outpost,soontobenicknamed‘MaoriPah’.

Carkeekusuallycookedforhismates,sometimesmanagingtosupplementthestandardfareofbiscuits,bullybeef,andteawithsteak,bread,andraisins.

On8August1915,Carkeekwasinamachine-gunteamonRhododendronRidge,coveringtheinfantry’sadvanceonChunukBair.Afterhiscommanderandtwootherswereshot,hetookthegun,butwashitthroughtheneck.Hedraggedhimselfalmost5kilometresdowntothebeachandwaseventuallyevacuatedbyhospitalship.Justsixweeksafterbeingwounded,hereturnedtoGallipoli.

Maori Contingent soldiers march at Narrow Neck Military Camp, Auckland. Photographer unknown, Auckland Weekly News, 22 July 1915. Auckland Libraries (Sir George Grey Special Collections, AWNS-19150722-48-5)

The Maori Contingent cleared earth from the mine tunnels at Quinn’s Post. Photograph by James C Read. Alexander Turnbull Library (1/4-058066-F)

Alliedtroopswerewithdrawnthreemonthslater,andCarkeekservedontheWesternFrontintheNewZealand(Maori)PioneerBattalion–arecentlyformedlabourunit.Hespentpartof1918inEngland,trainingtobeanofficer.

After the warCarkeekmarriedPareraukawaAtkinson(AuntyPolly)soonafterarrivinghomeinApril1919.TheyfarmedandraisedafamilyinPictonandtheManawatu,beforereturningtoCarkeek’sbirthplaceofOtakiinthelate1920s.Theylivedthereuntilhisdeathaged73.

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SeCTion Saying goodbye

In this section of the exhibitionn Decisiontoevacuaten Evacuation:Thebigbluffn Maheno:Mercyship

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Bad shapeThingsgotmoredesperateafterChunukBair.We’dlostcountlessmates,thecoldwassettingin,suppliesweren’tgettingthrough,andtheboyswereinbadshape.Therewererumoursofevacuation,butnoonereallybelievedthem.Thetopbrasskeptusinthedark.

FieldMarshalLordKitchener,Britain’sSecretaryofStateforWar,visitedthepeninsulainNovember.Hecametosortoutwhetherweshouldstayorwithdraw.TheAugustoffensivehadfailedmiserably,andJohnnyTurknowhadtheupperhand.Wewerecoldandspent,butpreparedtohangon.

Evacuation: The big bluffOnNovember22nd1915,LordKitchenerrecommendedawithdrawal.Everythingwastopsecret,butrumourswererife.EntirebattalionsleftthroughearlyDecember.Officially,wewerejustcuttingnumbersforwinter.

Officersweren’ttoldabouttheevacuationuntilDecember14th.Webegantomoveoutthenextday,disbelieving,sad,andangry.WhatiftheTurksgotwindofthingsandlaunchedanoutrightslaughter?Tooutfoxthem,wecookedupcunningplans.

Forfivedays,wefooledthemthatAnzacCovewasfullyoccupied–while46,000mensecretlywithdrew.Self-firingrifleswerejustoneofourbluffs.

Devices … were rigged up to fire old and broken rifles hours after the last man had left the trenches. Private Douglas McLean to his father

OurnumbersweresoshrunkenthatiftheTurkshadknownthetruthaboutussneakingoff,theycould’vewipedusallout.

Ghost armyArmyofficialsretrievedwhatevertheycouldofdeadsoldiers’belongings.Someofussalvagedourmates’thingstoo.Weknewhowmuchthey’dmeantolovedones.

By4amonDecember20th,thebeachwascalm,deserted–nomorebustleforAnzacCove,onlythesilentgravesofourmates.

Dr Duncan Stout with one of the self-firing rifles designed to disguise the evacuation of troops, December 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PAColl-4173-09)

About 4am, we reached the [troopship] Osmanieh and … watched the dark loom of Anzac with its twinkling rifle flashes and bomb bursts … fainter and fainter they grew. We felt a sense of relief and … great sadness … and failure. Major Charles Guy Powles

Learning activities

We did not get many callers, so the visit of Lord Kitchener … started us speculating afresh and making wild conjectures. His visit, needless to say, was very secret. Captain Fred Waite

n WhydoyouthinkKitchener’svisitwaskeptsosecret?

n Whatdidyouthinkwerethemainemotionsthesoldiersfeltabouttheevacuation?Whywouldtheyhavefeltthisway?

n IfyouhadbeenonGallipoliduringthevisitofFieldMarshalLordKitchener,Britain’sSecretaryofStateforWar,wouldyouhaverecommendedanevacuation?Explainyourreasoning.

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Before the warApassengerandcargolinerownedbyTheUnionSteamShipCompany.

In the warEARLY MAY 1915: FirstGallipolicasualtylists

publishedinNewZealand

18 MAY: GovernorLordLiverpoolappealstonationtohelpoutfitashiptoevacuatewounded

New Zealand’s sons, wounded in the great fight for the Empire, need a hospital ship … Now is the time for the people … to translate their words of admiration … into a grateful recognition of that self-sacrifice. The Evening Post

26 MAY: Announcementofrequiredequipment,including1,200featherpillowsand500combs

JuNE: PassengerlinerMahenoconvertedintohospitalship

The ship is beautiful ... An errand of mercy for all you men – and very proud I am to be one of the staff. Staff Nurse Lottie Le Gallais

11 JuLY: MahenodepartsWellingtonwith80nursesonboard

20 AuGuST: MahenodropsoffmostofhernursesinEgypt

25 AuGuST: MahenoanchorsoffAnzacCoveastheBattleofHill60rages

30 AuGuST: MahenodeliversfirstpatientstoGreekislandofLemnos

The Maheno

Wounded soldiers are transferred to a hospital ship, about 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (PA1-o-026-34-9)

A ward on the Maheno before its departure in July 1915. Photographer unknown. Alexander Turnbull Library (1/1-002216-F)

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Learning activities

After the announcement of what was needed for the hospital ship, money and goods streamed in, and the sewing machines started whirring from Whangarei to Bluff. All New Zealand was behind the war effort.

n Doyouthinkthisistrueornot?Whatevidencecanyoufindtosupportyouropinion?

n InSeptember,thefiremenwhoshovelledcoalintotheboilersontheMahenowentonstrikebecauseofpoorworkingconditions.– Doyouthinktheirconditionswould

havebeenworsethanthesoldiers’conditionsonGallipoli?

– Doyouthinkthestrikewasjustified?Whydoyousaythat?

– Shouldsoldiersbeallowedtoprotestagainsttheirconditions?Explainyourviewpoint.

n Howdoyouthinkthepeoplewaitingonthewharfwouldhavefeltuponseeingtheshipcomingintoport?– Doyouthinktheiremotionswould

havebeenthesameasthesoldiers’?– Wouldalloftheemotionshave

beenpositive?

24 SEPTEMBER: Mahenofiremenstrike;Maltesecrewtaketheirplace

17 OCTOBER: MahenodeliverssoldierstohospitalsinSouthampton–Jockthebulldog(Maheno’smascot)jumpsship

11 NOvEMBER: MahenovisitsAnzacCoveforfinaltime

24 NOvEMBER: MahenoleavesEgyptforNewZealand

5 DECEMBER: Marama,asecondhospitalship,departsNewZealand

1 JANuARY 1916:MahenoarrivesinAucklandwith319patients

On the wharf was many a father and mother eagerly scanning the faces on deck, eager to clasp hands with their heroes. The Press

The Maheno drops off patients at Lyttelton, Christchurch, date unknown. Photographer unknown. Courtesy of the Carrington family

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Born:Auckland,1881Died:1956

Before the warn AttendedcountryschoolsaroundAucklandn Graduatedasaregisterednursein1911n JoinednursingstaffatAucklandPublicHospital

In the warn SelectedasanarmynurseinJune1915.n Wasoneof79intheSecondContingentof

NewZealandnurseschosentoserveoverseas,andoneof10Mahenonurses

n Receivedhermemotoreportfordutyon6July,afewdaysbeforethedepartureon11July

n Wrotetoherfuturehusband,Charles‘Sonnie’Gardnerthedaybeforetheshipleft

Things are rapidly getting shipshape. My bunk is looking better now … I got your photo, [with] the silver frame, hung up with string – top end of the bed.’

n AfterarrivinginEgypt,LottiewrotetoSonnieaboutvisitinghospitalsandseeingtheeffectsofthefightingonGallipoli.

Terrible, terrible wounds. The bullets aren’t so bad, but the shrapnel from exploding shells is ghastly. It cuts great gashes, ripping muscles and bones to shreds.

n TwoofLottie’sthreebrothersalsovolunteered.LeddiedepartedinApril1915andwaskilledinJuly.

After the warn Arrivedhomeon

1January1916n Returnedtoworkat

AucklandPublicHospitaln Lookedafterherfathern MarriedCharlesGardner

andhadtwochildren

Lottie Le Gallais, probably at the time she became a registered nurse in 1913 (detail). Photographer unknown. Tämaki Paenga Hira Auckland War Memorial Museum (PH-95-02)

Lottie Le Gallais

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SeCTion Western Front

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After GallipoliAfterevacuatingGallipoli,thefewofusstillfitwerereorganisedintotheNewZealandDivision.WehadmoretraininginEgyptbeforeheadingtoFrancewherewewereinstructedinWesternFronttrenchwarfare.

OnApril25th1916,ourfirstAnzacDay,weplayedfootyinavillageanddranktodeadmates.

On the SommeTheBattleoftheSomme,foughtfromJulytoNovember1916,wasourfirstexperienceoflarge-scaleactioninFrance.WewereonthefrontlineduringSeptemberandOctober.Casualtynumberscameinatover8,000.

We just staggered on through the mud and muddle, the bloodshed and destruction, with no more than a grim hope of survival and an ever more bitter disillusion. Sergeant Cecil Malthus

Almost3,000ofourmenhadbeenkilledonGallipoli.Butthatwasjustthebeginning.NearlyfivetimesthatnumberwoulddieontheWesternFront.ThelosseswouldbefeltbyNewZealandersforgenerations.Thefullscaleofourwarwasimmense.

Learning activitiesn Usingevidenceintheexhibition,

comparetheexperienceofasoldieronGallipoliwiththatofasoldierontheSomme.– Whichdoyouthinksoldierswould

havepreferredandwhy?– Whichenvironmentwouldhave

beenthehardest?n Howmightsoldiershavefeltgoing

directlyfromGallipolitoFrancewithoutreturninghometoseetheirfamilies?– Whatimpactmightthishavehad

onfamilies?– Howhasmoderntechnologyhelped

soldierskeepintouchwiththeirfamilieswhileonlongtoursofduty?

n DoyouthinkthesoldiersmarkedthefirstAnzacDayinanappropriateway?– Howdidtheircommemoration

comparewiththewayAnzacDayismarkednow?

– Doyouagreewithhowitisrecognisedtoday?Shouldwedoanythingdifferently?Whydoyousaythat?

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Born:Timaru,1890Died:1976

Before the warn AttendedCanterburyCollege(nowUniversity)

inChristchurch.In1912,hewasawardedanMA(MasterofArts)inFrenchandEnglish

n WorkedasateacheratNelsonCollege

In the warPrivateCecilMalthusvolunteered10daysafterwarwasdeclared.HedepartedwiththeMainBodyinOctober1914.

It was the duty of every able-bodied man to consider the question of enlisting, and that self-interest would be no excuse for staying at home.

MalthuslandedonGallipolion25April1915.HiscampaignincludedthreestintsatQuinn’sPost,oneofthemostexposedspotsontheAnzacfrontline.Hospitalisedtwiceduetoillness,hewasstillonthepeninsulawhentroopswerewithdrawninDecember.

Cecil Malthus

The Australian trenches at Quinn’s Post, July 1915. Photograph by Charles Bean. Australian War Memorial Museum (G01027)

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Marama: New Zealand hospital ship off the Needles, Isle of Wight, English Channel, 1918, by Frank Barnes. Te Papa (1992-0035-1933)

MalthuswassenttoEgyptandthenontoFrance.Shortlybeforehewentintobattle,hepreparedhissweetheart,HazelWattersfortheworst.

If I am knocked out, don’t worry about it, dear. It is a good life and a good death here.

MalthuswasoneofNewZealand’s6,000Sommecasualties.On24September1916,hewasdeepeningatrenchwhenhisshovelsetoffabomb.Theexplosionshatteredseveraltoesonhisrightfoot.

InDecember1916,Malthuswasdeclaredunfitforactiveservice.HetravelledhomeonthehospitalshipMarama,arrivinginTimaruinMarch1917.Hismissingtoestingledfortherestofhislife.

After the warMalthusandHazelmarriedin1918.TheylivedinFrancefortwoyears,thenTasmaniaforadecade,raisingfivechildren.ThefamilysettledinChristchurchin1934whenMalthusbecameProfessorofModernLanguagesatCanterburyCollege.Hediedin1976.

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4 I always try to get a photo of each of my “homes” and myself with it. I always … make it comfortable.’ Lieutenant Colonel William Malone to his wife, Ida

n WhydoyouthinkMalonewantedtomakehisdugoutshomely?Whatisitaboutyourhomethatmakesithomely?

n Whichdoyouthinkthearmyshouldprioritise–thetransportoflettersorammunition?Whydoyouthinkthis?

5 ThiswastheonlymemberoftheNewZealandExpeditionaryForcetowinaVictoriaCrossfortheiractionsonGallipoli.n DiscoverwhathedidtoreceivetheVictoria

Crossandhowhefeltaboutthisrecognition.Washisviewsharedbyothers?

Learning activities

Sergeant Cyril Bassett, vC, England, 1916. Photographer unknown. Archives New Zealand Te Rua Mahara o te Käwanatanga (AALZ 25044/6 F721)

1 ComparetheAnzacs’arrivalonGallipoliinApril1915withtheirevacuationinDecember1915.Possiblepointstoconsider:n Casualtyratesn Organisationn Feelingsofthesoldiers

2 Atfirst,Britain’sleaderssawWorldWarIasa‘whiteman’swar’.Theideaof‘natives’fightingtogetheragainstEuropeansmadesomeofthemnervous.ButMaoriparliamentarianPeterBuck(NgatiMutungatribe)urgedtheNewZealandgovernment:

‘We are old New Zealanders. No division can be truly called a New Zealand division unless it numbers Maoris across its ranks.’

n DidallMaoriwanttofight?Whatevidencesupportsorcontradictsthisidea?

3 Wegotwoollensfromhometoo.FredCrumwaschuffedwithhisbalaclava:

I can’t believe Nan made it. It’s A1 and fits like a glove. There’s very little face showing … I’ve got Mrs Ashton’s socks on and they’re lovely.

n Whatdoyouthinkitmeanttothesoldierstoreceivethingsfromhome?

n Discussthestatement‘Lettersfromhomeareasimportantasammunitioninfightingthewar.’Explainyourpointofview.

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6 Our soldiers have fallen far from home, fighting gallantly … and deserve that a gallant foe, such as we have found the Turkish soldiers to be, should take care of their last resting place.

ApleawrittenbytheAnzaccommander,LieutenantGeneralGodley,totheTurkishcommanderandleftinhisdugoutonevacuation,1915

n IfyouweretheTurkishcommander,howwouldyouhavefeltonfindingthismessage?Howwoulditstonehaveaffectedyourdecisions?

7 Nearly20yearslater,KemalAtatürk(whohadbythenfoundedtheTurkishrepublic)spokethesewords:

Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives … are now lying in the soil of a friendly country … and are in peace … They have become our sons as well.

n WhatdoyouthinkGallipoliveteransandtheirfamilieswouldhavefeltaboutthisstatement?

n HowweretheTurksinvolvedinWorldWarII?DoyouthinktheirdecisionswereinfluencedbyWorldWarI?

How are you connected to a person affected by Gallipoli? They could be a soldier, a mother, or a child whose father went

off to war. Consider what connections you have with this person.

1

2

3

4

5

You Person in 1915 affected by Gallipoli

PlaceValues

FamilyFamily

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Loyal colonyAsthe20thcenturydawned,NewZealandwasaloyalcolonyoftheBritishEmpire–themostpowerfulintheworld.MostPäkehästillconsideredEngland‘home’.

New Zealand’s growing sense of identityDespiteNewZealanders’loyaltytotheQueenandEmpire,theywerebeginningtoseethemselvesasdistinctfromtheBritish–andfromAustralians.In1901,NewZealandchosetoremainseparatefromAustralia.

Slice of Heaven exhibition

HMS New Zealand – a costly giftThebattlecruiserHMSNew ZealandwastheDominion’scostlygifttoBritain,deliveredin1912.TheshipdemonstratedNewZealand’scontinuingcommitmenttotheEmpire.Withoutitsownnavy,NewZealanddependedonBritain’s.Thenewship’s‘thankyou’visittoNewZealandin1913inspiredpatrioticfervour–andmoreexpensivegifts.

Slice of HeaventellsthebigstoriesfromNewZealand’s20th-centuryhistory,includingtherolethenationplayedinWorldWarI.

Explore the exhibition’s online resources, including images, and video clipswww.tepapa.govt.nz/sliceofheaven

Model of the battlecruiser HMS New Zealand, 1955–59, made by T M Devitt. Gift of the Wellington Marine Model Club, 1959. Te Papa (NS000038)

World War IWorldWarIbeganforNewZealandwhenBritain’sKingGeorgeVdeclaredwaronGermanyandAustria-Hungaryin1914.AfaithfulBritishdominion,NewZealandrespondedwhendutycalled.

MostNewZealanderseagerlysupported‘mothercountry’Britain,butnotwithoutacost.Some18,000NewZealanderswerekilled–abouttwothirdsontheWesternFrontand2,700atGallipoli,Turkey.

Failed Gallipoli campaignAstheconflictdevelopedandTurkeyenteredthewar,thehorrendouscostofWorldWarIstartedtohithome.Conditionsonthefrontlineswerehellish.ThefailedGallipolicampaigninTurkeyclaimedabout2,700NewZealandlives.

Jack Langley Braddock, 1917. Photograph by Berry & Co. Te Papa (B.044363)

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ConscriptionBy1916,twoyearsintothewar,thenumbersofvolunteerswerenolongerkeepingpacewiththelosses.Asaresult,thegovernmentintroducedconscription(compulsorymilitaryservice).

Ballot box, 1916, maker unknown. Gift of the New Zealand Immigration Service, 1989. Te Papa (GH003641)

Maori participationMaoriwereinitiallyexcludedfromvolunteeringbecausethegovernmentconsideredtheconflicta‘whiteman’swar’andnotfor‘natives’.WhenMaoriwerepermittedtojoin,largenumbersdidso.

Butsomeiwi(tribes)didnotsupportthewar.Tainui,whosefertileWaikatolandtheCrownhadconfiscatedinthe1860s,refusedtotakepart.In1917,Tainuimenweresingledoutforconscription.Otheriwihad‘donetheirbit’voluntarily,thegovernmentargued.

ManyTainuiwhoresistedwereimprisoned.

Western FrontTheslaughterontheWesternFrontwasmuchgreaterthanthatonGallipoli.ThisbattlelinebetweentheGermanandAlliedarmiesstretchedacrossBelgiumandFranceforabout750kilometres.Morethan12,000NewZealandersdiedthere–morethan800inasingledayatPasschendaele,Belgium,on12October1917.

End of World War I (the Great War)ThewarwithGermanyofficiallyendedon28June1919,whentheTreatyofVersailleswassigned.

About18,000NewZealandershadbeenkilled–twothirdsontheWesternFront.Morethan100,000NewZealanders(atenthofthepopulation)hadservedoverseas,including2,227Maoriand458PacificmenintheMaoriPioneerBattalion.Maorihadalsoservedinotherbattalions.

Thegovernmentofferedrehabilitationprogrammesandcheaplandtohelpreturnedservicemen.Maorigroupsthathadfundraisedfortheirmenduringthewarcontinuedtoassistthemwhentheyreturned.

1918 influenza pandemicNewZealandwasreelingfromtheeffectsofthe1918influenzapandemicwhenthewar’ssurvivorsreturned.Thepandemicclaimedabout8,000NewZealandlives,ontopofthoselostinthewar.

Lottery of deathConscriptionbecameknownas‘thelotteryofdeath’.Thisballotboxwasfilledwithnumberedmarbles,matchingnumbersonmen’senrolmentcards.Ifyournumberscameupandyouwerejudgedmedicallyfit,youwereinthearmy.

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ACTIvITY ➊: Quick quizStudentscoulddothisquizbeforetheycometotheexhibition,oruseitasastartingpointwhentheyarrive.

1 WhendidWorldWarIstart?

2 WhendidWorldWarIend?

3 NametwocountriesthatwerealliesofNewZealand.

4 NametwocountriesthatwereenemiesofNewZealand.

5 Trueorfalse?WorldWarIwasalsoknownasthe‘GreatWar’.

ACTIvITY ➋: Facts and figuresGiveyourstudentscards(copypage39)withthefollowingnumbersonthemandaskthemtodiscover,byexploringSlice of Heaven,whatthenumbersrepresent.n 800n 100,000+n 31,538n 2,700n 458n 8,000n 2,227n 750

Learning activities to use inSlice of HeavenTheseactivitiesaredesignedtobeprintedoutandusedintheexhibitions.

ACTIvITY ➌: QuotesGiveyourstudentscards(copypage40)featuringquotesfromSlice of Heaven.Havethemworkindividuallyorinsmallgroupsto:

n findoutwhosaidthequote,orwhothequoterefersto

n discusswhetherthatquotedpersonwasfororagainstWorldWarI

n discusswhetherthequoteisstillrelevanttoday.Coulditbeappliedtoanyrecentconflicts?

‘TheBritishflagisourprotection;withoutbelongingtotheEmpirewherewouldNewZealandbe?’

‘Bloodwasshed,spilt,andscatteredinadistantland.’

‘Letthosewhocomeafterseetoitthathisnamebenotforgotten.’

‘WedistantsonsdesiretoprovetotheworldhowdeartousisBritain’snameandgreatness.’

‘Iwonderthatanysanepersonwhoknowsthedestruction,thedegradation,themisery,andthesorrowcausedbythewarcanregarditasanythingelsethandiabolicalintheextreme.’

Afterthevisit,studentscanusethequotesasinspirationfor:– adescriptivepieceofwritingthatexpressestheir

feelingsaboutWorldWarI– anartworkthatexpressestheirfeelingsabout

WorldWarI

ACTIvITY ➍: EvidenceGiveyourstudentscardswiththisstatement:‘NewZealandwasveryloyaltoBritain.’Havethemexploretheexhibitionandprovidethreepiecesofevidencetosupportit.

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800

100,000+

31,538

2,700

458

8,000

2,227

750

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The British flag is our protection; without belonging to the Empire

where would New Zealand be?

Blood was shed, spilt, and scattered in a distant land.

Let those who come after see to it that his name be not forgotten.

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We distant sons desire to prove to the world how dear to us is Britain’s

name and greatness.

I wonder that any sane person who knows the destruction, the degradation, the misery, and the sorrow caused by the war can regard it as anything else than

diabolical in the extreme.

Provide three pieces of evidence to support the statement: ‘New Zealand

was very loyal to Britain.’

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Quick quiz1. Whendidthewarstart?4August19142. Whendidthewarend?11November1918

WorldWarIofficiallyendedwhentheTreatyofVersailleswassignedon28June1919.TheArmistice(truce)thatbroughtthefightingtoanendwassignedon11November1918.

3. NametwocountriesthatwerealliesofNewZealand.

France,Britain,Ireland,Australia,Italy4. Nametwocountriesthatwereenemiesof

NewZealand. Germany,Austria-Hungary,Turkey,Bulgaria5. TrueorFalse?WorldWarIwasalsoknown

asthe‘GreatWar’.True

Facts and figuresn 31,538:IDnumberofPrivateHermanRolfesfrom

Kaiköura,whodiedjustbeforetheendofthewarn 2,700:NumberofNewZealandsoldierswhodied

onGallipolin 800:NumberofNewZealandsoldierswhodied

inasingledayatPasschendaele,Belgium,on12October1917

n 2,227:NumberofMaorisoldierswhofoughtinWorldWarI

n 458:NumberofPacificmenwhofoughtinWorldWarI

n 750:LengthinkilometresoftheWesternFrontbattleline

n 8,000:NumberofNewZealanderswhodiedintheglobalinfluenzaoutbreakattheendof1918

n 10,000+:NumberofNewZealanderssentoverseasduringWorldWarI

Quotes:n ‘Iwonderthat...’ArchibaldBaxtern ‘Letthosewhocomeafter...’PrivateHerman

JohnRolfesn ‘Bloodwasshed…’SirÄpiranaNgatan ‘Wedistantsons...’SirJosephWardn ‘TheBritishflag...’SirRichardSeddon

EvidenceProvidethreepiecesofevidencethatsupportthestatement:

‘NewZealandwasveryloyaltoBritain.’

Anyofthefollowing:

n Quotesn HMS New Zealandn Kettledrumn MourninginresponsetoQueenVictoria’sdeathn ResponsetothePrinceofWales’visitto

NewZealandin1920n Warfundraisingefforts

Answers

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Further resourcesOnlinen The National Library’s WWI resources for schools

http://schools.natlib.govt.nz/multimedia/new-zealand-involvement-first-world-warn Berry Boys photographic portraits of WWI soldiers

http://sites.tepapa.govt.nz/berryboysn WW100 – New Zealand’s WWI centenary events and resources

http://ww100.govt.nz/n WWI on nzhistory.net

http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/first-world-warn Rehabilitation of returned WWI soldiers, Te Papa

http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/Topic/818n WWI posters at Te Papa

http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/SiteCollectionDocuments/TePapaPress/Tuhinga23Gibson.pdfn Life 100 years ago – Twitter feed

https://twitter.com/life100yearsagon All That Remains – WWI objects from New Zealand museums

http://allthatremains.net.nz/n WWI-related videos on Tales From Te Papa

http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/topic/2299n History-related media on Te Papa’s Channel

http://channel.tepapa.govt.nz/category/history/

BooksHoldingontoHome:NewZealandStoriesandObjectsoftheFirstWorldWarBerryBoys:PortraitsofFirstWorldWarSoldiersandFamilies

explore World War i – a long-term approachGallipoli: The scale of our warispartofawiderprogrammecalledConflictandIdentity.Thisisa4-year,multi-disciplinaryprogrammeofresearch,discussion,andreflectiononthedynamicsofconflictanditsimpactonidentityinAotearoaNewZealand.

Theprogrammeincludesexhibitions,publications(printandonline),blogsanddiscussions,communityactivities,educationprogrammes,andeventsforteachers.Itreflectsfourkeythemes:

n NewZealandatwar n Negotiationandreconciliationn Protestandreform n Conflictandtheeveryday

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Developed by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa working closely with Weta Workshop

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