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Teacher’s Toolbook BZ-4204

The Great Depression

and the New Deal

Copyright © 2003 Performance Education

Updated February 2010www.performance-education.com

There are 185 lessons.There are 761 questions on the test.

Table of Contents

THE GREAT DEPRESSION

What was the Great Depression? page 24

Lesson #1 Lecture What was the Great Depression?Lesson #2 Powerpoints The Great DepressionLesson #3 Graphic organizer How to analyze the Great Depression

The stock market crash, 1929 page 29

Lesson #4 Lecture The stock market during the 1920sLesson #5 Readings The Roaring TwentiesLesson #6 Lecture The stock market crashLesson #7 Videos The stock market crashLesson #8 Photos The stock market crashLesson #9 Games The stock market crash

Causes of the Great Depression page 36

Lesson #10 Lecture What caused the stock market crash?Lesson #11 Lecture What caused the Great Depression?Lesson #12 Group analysis Three causesLesson #13 Student project Three causes

Herbert Hoover page 42

Lesson #14 Profile Herbert Hoover: From rags to riches

Five major problemsLesson #15 Lecture Five major problemsLesson #16 Student project Five major problems

Five wrong actionsLesson #17 Profile Herbert Hoover: The Mining EngineerLesson #18 Lecture Five wrong actionsLesson #19 Lecture The Federal Reserve made things worseLesson #20 Videos The Federal Reserve Lesson #21 Group analysis The Federal Reserve

One right actionLesson #22 Lecture The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

The most hated man in AmericaLesson #23 Profile Herbert Hoover: The ScapegoatLesson #24 Videos The most hated man in America

page 16

The Suffering page 62

The unemployed and the homelessLesson #25 Photos The homelessLesson #26 Videos The unemployedLesson #27 Stories Tales of the average joe and janeLesson #28 Photos Cities & CountrysideLesson #29 Films Feature films

Young people during the DepressionLesson #30 Videos How young people made a livingLesson #31 Research Riding the RailsLesson #32 Videos The Scottsboro Boys, 1931

African Americans during the Depression Lesson #33 Videos African Americans during the DepressionLesson #34 Timeline Life in Harlem during the Great Depression

The Dustbowl page 77

Lesson #35 Lecture The DustbowlLesson #36 Profile Dorothea Lange - Photographer of the DustbowlLesson #37 Research The DustbowlLesson #38 Videos The DustbowlLesson #39 Videos Woody Guthrie - Folksongs of the DustbowlLesson #40 Group analysis The DustbowlLesson #41 Group analysis The Grapes of Wrath

Lesson #42 Group analysis The United Farm Workers

By 1932, people were desperateLesson #43 Group analysis Top Ten Reasons why the Depression was traumatic

The Bonus March, 1932 page 90

Lesson #44 Lecture The Bonus MarchLesson #45 Research The Bonus march

The Election of 1932 page 93

Lesson #46 Lecture The Election of 1932Lesson #47 Research The Election of 1932Lesson #48 Maps & Charts The Election of 1932Lesson #49 Game Two philosophies: Hoover vs FDRLesson #50 Game Two philosophies: Hoover vs FDRLesson #51 Lecture FDR won by a landslideLesson #52 Readings Why Hoover was defeatedLesson #53 Group analysis Why Hoover was defeated

page 17

Review page 104

Lesson #54 Group analysis Famous quotationsLesson #55 Graphic organizer The Great DepressionLesson #56 Game The ABCs of the Great DepressionLesson #57 Game Can you talk like Herbert Hoover?Lesson #58 Game Mars / VenusLesson #59 Game Honk if you hate historyLesson #60 Game Stump the teacherLesson #61 Game The Last Man Standing

The Test page 113

The test consists of 285 questions.

THE NEW DEAL

Websites page 155

What was the New Deal? page 158

Lesson #1 Lecture What was the New Deal?Lesson #2 Timeline Timeline of the New DealLesson #3 Graphic organizer How to analyze the New Deal

Franklin Delano Roosevelt page 163

Lesson #4 Profile FDR: His personal tragedyLesson #5 Videos The life story of FDRLesson #6 Character web FDR: His characterLesson #7 Profile Eleanor RooseveltLesson #8 Research Eleanor RooseveltLesson #9 Political cartoons Waiting for FDR to take office

FDR took office page 173

Lesson #10 Speech First inaugural address, 1933Lesson #11 Political cartoons FDR faced a lot of problemsLesson #12 Research FDR’s cabinetLesson #13 Profile Frances PerkinsLesson #14 Research Frances PerkinsLesson #15 Lecture “The Brain Trust”Lesson #16 Videos John Maynard KeynesLesson #17 Chart Deficit spendingLesson #18 Letter From John Maynard Keynes to FDRLesson #19 Group analysis Deficit spending

The First 100 Days page 192

Lesson #20 Lecture The First 100 DaysLesson #21 Videos The First 100 DaysLesson #22 Political cartoons FDR ended Prohibition

FDR saved the banksLesson #23 Lecture The first crisis FDR tackled was the banking crisisLesson #24 Radio broadcasts The “Fireside Chats”Lesson #25 Group analysis FDR’s “Bank Holiday”Lesson #26 Political cartoons FDR saved the banks

How the New Deal regulated the banking industryLesson #27 Group analysis The Glass-Steagall Act, 1933Lesson #28 Group analysis The FDIC

How the New Deal regulated Wall StreetLesson #29 Group analysis The SECLesson #30 Political cartoons FDR cleaned up Wall StreetLesson #31 Game Crackdown on banks and Wall StreetLesson #32 Game Crackdown on banks and Wall Street

page 19

Government regulation of Big BusinessLesson #33 Chart What was “new” about the New Deal?Lesson #34 Political cartoons Big Business did not like government regulationLesson #35 Group analysis The FCC

Congress gave FDR a hard timeLesson #36 Political cartoons Congress gave FDR a hard time

The Alphabet programs page 216

Lesson #37 Lecture The Alphabet programsLesson #38 Political cartoons The Alphabet programsLesson #39 Chart The Alphabet programsLesson #40 Game The Alphabet programsLesson #41 Photos The New DealLesson #42 Chart The Alphabet programs

How the New Deal helped those who lost their jobsLesson #43 Lecture Welfare paymentsLesson #44 Group analysis The FERA

How the New Deal helped those who still had jobsLesson #45 Lecture The NRALesson #46 Group analysis The NRA

How the New Deal helped young menLesson #47 Lecture The CCCLesson #48 Videos The CCCLesson #49 Group analysis The CCC

How the New Deal created jobs for construction workersLesson #50 Lecture The WPALesson #51 Group analysis The WPALesson #52 Political cartoons Public WorksLesson #53 Internet The WPA: “Yes, we did!”

How the New Deal created jobs for “starving artists”Lesson #54 Internet The WPA: Jobs for “starving artists”

How the New Deal created jobs for African AmericansLesson #55 Profile Zora Neale HurstonLesson #56 Research African Americans during the New Deal

How the New Deal helped farmersLesson #57 Lecture How the New Deal helped farmersLesson #58 Group analysis The AAALesson #59 Political cartoons The AAA

page 20

How the New Deal helped the SouthLesson #60 Lecture The TVALesson #61 Group analysis The TVA

How the New Deal helped homeownersLesson #62 Group analysis The FHALesson #63 Video The FHA

How the New Deal helped senior citizensLesson #64 Lecture Social SecurityLesson #65 Group analysis Social SecurityLesson #66 Political cartoon Social Security

Critics of the New Deal page 263

Lesson #67 Lecture Critics of the New DealLesson #68 Videos Opposition to the New DealLesson #69 Game Critics of the New DealLesson #70 Game Critics of the New Deal

Was the New Deal socialism?Lesson #71 Profile FDR: Prevented extremism

Packing the Supreme Court, 1936 page 271

Lesson #72 Profile FDR: Packing the Supreme CourtLesson #73 Lecture Packing the Supreme CourtLesson #74 Videos Packing the Supreme CourtLesson #75 Political cartoons Packing the Supreme Court

The New Deal ContinuesLesson #76 Speech FDR’s second inaugural address, 1937Lesson #77 Political cartoons FDR tried to balance the budget, 1937

Organized labor page 284

Lesson #78 Profile Florence ReeceLesson #79 Lecture The Wagner Act and the CIOLesson #80 Videos History of organized laborLesson #81 Political cartoons The Wagner Act, 1935Lesson #82 Group analysis The Wagner ActLesson #83 Lecture The Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938Lesson #84 Group analysis The Fair Labor Standards ActLesson #85 Game Labor lawsLesson #86 Game Labor lawsLesson #87 Lecture The farmworkersLesson #88 Profile Cesar Chavez

page 21

Results of the New Deal page 301

Lesson #89 Chart Ten results

1. Only World War II pulled the U.S. out of the Great DepressionLesson #90 Political cartoons The New Deal did not pull the U.S. out of the DepressionLesson #91 Lecture World War II pulled the U.S. out of the Depression

2. Government intervention in the economyLesson #92 Group analysis The New Deal: What worked? What did not work?

3. Government regulation of Big BusinessLesson #93 Lecture What worked

4. The Welfare StateLesson #94 Lecture The Welfare State

5. Preserved democracyLesson #95 Chart How the Democrats & Republicans saw the New DealLesson #96 Political cartoon FDR preserved democracy

6. The President became much more powerfulLesson #97 Political cartoons FDR was the first powerful president

7. The beginning of Big GovernmentLesson #98 Profile FDR created Big GovernmentLesson #99 Political cartoons FDR created Big Government

8. The beginning of Organized LaborLesson #100 Charts Union membership

9. The New Deal CoalitionLesson #101 Profile Mary McLeod BethuneLesson #102 Game The New Deal CoalitionLesson #103 Game The New Deal CoalitionLesson #104 Lecture The Hatch Act

10. Changes to the ConstitutionLesson #105 Game Changes to the Constitution

page 22

Pop Culture in the 1930s page 332

Lesson #106 Internet What was life like during the 1930s?Lesson #107 Videos Fashion Lesson #108 Videos Hollywood films

Review page 340

Lesson #109 Group analysis Top Ten Reasons why the New Deal was greatLesson #110 Group analysis Top Ten Reasons why the New Deal was not greatLesson #111 Group analysis The New DealLesson #112 Group analysis The New DealLesson #113 Debate The New DealLesson #114 Graphic organizer The New DealLesson #115 Game The ABCs of the New DealLesson #116 Game Can you talk like FDR?Lesson #117 Game Who am I?Lesson #118 Group analysis Rank!Lesson #119 Group analysis Great quotationsLesson #120 Game Mars / VenusLesson #122 Game Honk if you hate historyLesson #123 Game Stump the teacherLesson #124 Game The Last Man Standing

The Test page 359

The test consists of 476 questions

page 24

What was the Great Depression?

page 25

Lesson #1: LectureAs you tell the story, students fill in the graphic organizer.

What was the Great Depression?

When

1929: It began with the stock market crash on Wall Street.1942: It ended when the U.S. entered World War II.

Where

It began in the U.S and spread world wide.The economic crisis posed a horrible challenge to democratic nations.

a. In Germany, the Depression caused the rise of Hitler.b. In Italy, the Depression caused the rise of Mussolini.c. The U.S., Britain, and France faced growing internal threats from both the Left and the Right.d. The Left was communist. (The Soviet Union)e. The Right was fascist. (Nazi Germany)

Who

Two PresidentsHoover got all the blame. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected to solve the economic crisis.

What

For those who lived through it, the Great Depression as as traumatic as any war or revolution.

An economic crisis“A depression is a deep, extended slump in total business activity. Buying and selling drop during adepression, causing a decline in production, prices, income, and employment. Money becomes scarce.Many businesses fail, and many workers lose their jobs.” - World Book Encyclopedia

What happened1. People stopped buying in stores.2. The stores ordered less from factories.3. The factories laid off workers.4. Unemployed workers stopped buying in stores. 5. This downward spiral continued until stores and companies went bankrupt.

The difference between a recession and a depressionA recession lasts only a year or so.A depression lasts for years.

The federal government grew LARGEAs a result of the Depression, the federal government began managing the economy.

Why

What caused the Great Depression? Three words: Drop in demand. (People stopped buying in stores.)

How

How did the U.S. government pull the nation out of the Depression? Three words: World War Two. (Government spending on the military stimulated the U.S. economy.)

page 26

Graphic organizer

The Great Depression: Who, what, where, when, why and how?

The

Great

DepressionWho

Why

Where

When

How

What

page 27

Lesson #2: Powerpoints

The Great Depression

Powerpoints

http://www.slideshare.net/APClass/hoovers-great-depression http://www.slideshare.net/Jackson/the-great-depression-39897http://www.slideshare.net/udteacher/great-depression-188383

Websites

Definition: The Great Depressionhttp://www.bartleby.com/65/gr/GreatDep.html

Timeline of the Great Depressionhttp://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/connections_n2/great_depression.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rails/timeline/index.htmlhttp://www.cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/timeline.dep.html

Primary sources

http://www.enotes.com/great-depression-primary-sourceshttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/learn/community/cc_greatdepression.phphttp://surfaquarium.com/NEWSLETTER/gd.htmhttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/fsahtml/

http://www.gfalls.wednet.edu/staff/dlawrenc/The%20Great%20Depression/TheGreatDepressionWebQuest.html

http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/history/Resources/The%20Great%20Depression%20and%20the%20New%20Deal.htm

page 28

Lesson #3: Graphic organizer

How to analyze the Great DepressionThe Depression can be broken down into 7 parts.

Wall Street crash1929 The stock market collapsed. Factoriesclosed. Massive unem-ployment. The GreatDepression began.

The Hoover years1929-1932

President Hoover did toolittle, too late. He wasopposed to governmentintervention in the econo-my.

The New Deal1933 FDR took office.In his first 100 days, he launched all of hismajor programs. Alphabetsoup.

Downturn1937-38

FDR stopped spending $.He balanced the budget.The GNP went down andunemployment went up.

Election of 1932In November, FDR waselected by a landslide.The New Deal marked thebeginning of Big Gov’t and the Welfare State.

Economy improves1933-36

FDR spent govt $ likecrazy. The GNP went upand unemployment wentdown.

World War IIWhen FDR spent $ to prepare for war (ships, planes, tanks), the Depression ended. The economy soared.

The federal government creat-ed jobs. That put $ in the pock-et of the average joe and jane.When they spent the money,this helped businesses.

When the government stoppedspending money, the economytook a nosedive.

World WarII was agiganticjobs program.

page 29

The stock market crash on Wall Street, 1929

page 30

Lesson #4: Lecture

The Stock Market during the Roaring Twenties

During he 1920s, the stock market was roaring

It gave people a false sense of prosperityThe stock market had nothing to do with the rest of the economy. It was an artificial boom.Speculators pushed up the price of stocks far higher than the actual value of the company.

The Bull Market: The stock market soared. Bulls charge forward

There was a spectacular upward trend in the prices of corporate stocks.From 1921 to 1927, stocks were rising on Wall Street.In 1928, stocks started soaring threw the roof.If you bought $10,000 worth of stock in 1924, it was worth $40,000 in 1929.

Speculation: People bought stocks with loaned money. Investors borrowed from stockbrokers.Stockbrokers borrowed from banks.Stockbrokers borrowed $5 million in 1928, but $850 million in 1929.

Buying on marginJoe Stockbroker sold shares of stock on margin:

John Investor bought $100 worth of stock. a. He gave only $10 to the stockbroker.b. The stockbroker borrowed the other $90 from a bank.c. When the stock market crashed, the banks held worthless stock.d. Eventually, the banks closed.

Banks made bad investmentsBanks speculated on the stock market.Banks loaned stockbrokers up to 75% of the price of stock purchases. When the crash hit, stockbrokers could not repay the banks. The banks went under.

Wide gap between rich and poorIn the 1920s, the rich made a killing. Wages were low and profits were high.But the average workers’ real wages increased only slightly.The majority of people lived at or near poverty.There was a wide gap between the rich and the poor.

Frederick Lewis Allen, Only Yesterday

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/Allen/Contents.html

Ask a student to read this aloudChapter 12: “The Big Bull Market” Wall Street during the Roaring Twenties

page 31

Lesson #5: Homework on the Internet

Readings: The Roaring Twenties

Speculation on the stock market

Buying on margin - investments were made with borrowed money. http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/depression/section4.rhtml

Bank deposits were invested on the stock markethttp://www.pbs.org/fmc/timeline/estockmktcrash.htm

Reading: The Crashhttp://stockbreakthroughs.com/articles/1929-stock-market-crash.htm

Powerpointshttp://www.slideshare.net/ccarter333/the-crashhttp://www.slideshare.net/bmtoth/the-stock-market-crash-of-1929http://www.slideshare.net/mwidjaja1/chapter-22-39301

Laissez-faire

Definition: Laissez-fairehttp://www.bartleby.com/65/la/laissezf.html

Powerpoint: US. government policy of laissez-fairehttp://www.slideshare.net/juliahornaday/1920s-lecture-2-harding-and-coolidge-presentation-963369

Definition: The Teapot Dome Scandal, 1921http://www.bartleby.com/65/te/TeapotDo.html

Reading: The Teapot Dome scandalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teapot_Dome

“The business of America is business”

Speech: Calvin Coolidge on the Spirituality of Commerce, 1925http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4991/

Magazine article: “Business . . . the Salvation of the World”: Celebrating Big Business, 1921http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5049/

Speech: Herbert Hoover, “Rugged Individualism,” 1928http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~hst203/documents/HOOVER.html

Herbert Hoover Predicts Prosperity, 1928http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5063/

Song: A Hymn to the God of Businesshttp://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4992/

page 32

Lesson #6: LectureMany names for the same thing:Wall Street, the stock market, the Dow Jones, New York Stock Exchange.

The Stock Market crashThe stock market crashed on “Black Tuesday” - October 29, 1929.This was the beginning of the Great Depression

The Bear Market: The stock market crashed Bears hide in a cave

There was a financial panic on Wall Street.Since most Americans viewed the stock market as the chief indicator of the health of the

American economy, the crash shattered public confidence.Everyone sold off their shares and the stock market collapsed.Stocks on the New York Stock Exchange lost 50% of their value. Industrial stocks lost 80% of their value.

Investors lost their moneyStock prices fell and banks called in their loans.Within a month, $30 billion in stock values evaporated.

Total panica. Investors began to sell their stocks. b. Stockbrokers called in their margins. c. Banks called in their loans to stockbrokers.d. Everybody panicked - everybody sold all their stocks.e. Over the next 30 days, the price of stocks fell by 80%.

The stock market crash hurt the richIn one day, a person went from rich to poor.In New York City, stockbrokers were jumping out of windows.In the suburbs, men jumped in front of commuter trains.

The stock market crash hurt everyoneAlthough less than 1% of the American people owned stocks and shares, the Wall Street crash caused factories to close and massive unemployment.

Frederick Lewis Allen, Only Yesterday

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/Allen/Contents.html

Ask a student to read this aloudChapter 13: “Crash!” The Wall Street Crash, 1929

page 33

Lesson #7: Homework on the InternetHomework: Watch the videos on YouTubeClass discussion: “The stock market crashed.” What does that mean?

Videos:

The Stock Market crash, 19291% were rich They had money on the stock market.

15% were middle class They had money on the stock market.84% were poor They did not.

1. The Wall Street Crash, 1929

The short versionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJpLMvgUXe8

Speculation: When Wall Street disconnected from the real economy.Stocks rose $10 billion higher than their real value.

2. 1929 - The Great Crash

An explanation of the causesOver six terrifying, desperate days in October 1929, shares crashed by a third on the New York StockExchange. More than 25 billion dollars in individual wealth was lost. Later, three thousand banks failed,taking people's savings with them. Surviving eyewitnesses describe the biggest financial catastrophe inhistory.

There was no government regulation of the stock market.The stock market was a big gambling casino that was rigged by insiders.They got out of the market before the crash.

Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QnXiTVdiioPart 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_26fxKdZu_4Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xg1Cjz8cLA0Part 4: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_52rbwPungPart 5: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiquaUcQ7c0Part 6: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axiqk8rAGKo

page 34

Lesson #8: Homework on the Internet

Photos: The Stock Market Crash, 1929

Timeline

The Wall Street crash of 1929http://marketplace.publicradio.org/features/crash_1929/timeline.html

Chart

The business cycle, 1890-1940http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/Hist427/1929photos/BusinessCycle.htm

Eyewitness Account

The Wall Street crash, 1929http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/crash.htm

Political cartoons

http://www.dingdarling.org/cartoons/goingup.htmlhttp://www.dingdarling.org/cartoons/neveragain.html

Photos

The Wall Street crash, 1929http://bilan.usherbrooke.ca/voutes/voute3/crash_1929.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/1930-67B.gifhttp://www.a2zcds.com/images/192902b.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Crowd_outside_nyse.jpghttp://forwardliberally.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/government-control-stock-market-crash-1.jpghttp://greatdepressionhistory.com/2008/11/1929-stock-market-crash-was-financial-crisis-for-the-ages/

A collection of photos

The Wall Street crash, 1929http://www.pbs.org/wnet/historyofus/tools/browser12.html

Powerpoint

The causes of the stock market crashhttp://www.slideshare.net/multimedialearningllc/causes-of-great-depression