Upload
anderson-avary
View
230
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
H. Alan Mantooth
21st Century Endowed Chair in Mixed-Signal IC Design & CAD
Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering
Executive DirectorNational Center for Reliable Electric Power Transmission
NSF Center for GRid-connected Advanced Power Electronic SystemsNSF Vertically Integrated Center for Transformative Energy Research
February 12, 2013
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Inaugural SEC Symposium
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Outline
What IS Smart Grid?
The Role of Power Electronics
Emphasis of UA-USC Collaborations
Power Electronics for Distributed Generation
3
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Significance of Electric Power4
Source: National Academies
Power Electronics
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Conventional power systems have four main components:
Generation: Production of electricity from other forms of energy
Transmission: Transmission of electric power from generators to distribution system; includes power stations and transmission lines
Distribution: Connection of power lines to end users or consumers
Consumers: Use the energy obtained from the previous process
5
Conventional Power Systems
WIND AND SOLARFARMS
GENERATION TRANSMISSION
CONSUMERS
DISTRIBUTION
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
6
TOTAL ENERGY97.3 Quadrillion BTUs Processed55.6 Quads Lost as Energy Waste= 57% Energy Waste
Livermore Labs: https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/
State of the U.S. Energy Industry
ELECTRICITY39.2 Quads Generated26.6 Quads Lost= 68% Electric Waste
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Factors Influencing Smart Grid7
Smart Grid
Policy
Regulatory
StandardsEconomics
Environment
Societal
Security
StorageRenewables
Electronics
Politics
Electrical energy demand is risingFossil fuel costs are rising
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Why Pursue a Smart Grid?
Smart grids appear as a prevalent answer to create more efficient and sustainable energy systems, improve reliability and resiliency, maintain our standard of living, and address environmental concerns.
Satisfy the growing electricity demand
Monitor grid status and collect data from the grid
Optimize and control the produced power
Modernize and upgrade the transmission and distribution system
Enhance reliability, resiliency, sustainability and security of the grid
Minimize grid operation interruptions and blackouts
Integrate renewable sources with the energy market
Address environmental issues and respond to new energy policies
8
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
9
CENTRAL POWER PLANTS
PUMPED STORAGEOR CAES
SOLAR FARM
ENERGY STORAGE
FLYWHEEL, SMES, EDLCSYSTEMS
BUILDINGS
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
HOUSES
WIND FARM
Power network
Communication network
PMU
SMART GRID CONTROLLER
PMU
SMARTMETER
What Is the Smart Grid of the Future?
SMARTMETER
SMARTMETER
SMARTMETER
SMARTMETER
SMARTMETER
SMARTMETER
SMARTMETER
SMARTMETER
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Body Analogy
Bones = existing electric power grid
Central nervous system = communications
Muscle = power electronics
Lifeblood, heart, and soul = engineers!
10
GRid-connected Advanced Power Electronic Systems(GRAPES) – An NSF I/UCRC
Power Electronics: The Muscle of the Smart Grid
NSF Showcase
May 16, 2012
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Power Electronic Applications12
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
CO
MM
ER
CIA
L
RESIDENTIAL
IND
US
TR
IAL
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
State of the U.S. Energy Industry14
• Greater than 30% of all electricity generated is processed by power electronics and electric motor systems.
• Greater than $300 billion in energy is processed by power electronics and electric motor systems.
• Average power electronics system is 70-90% efficient (i.e. up to $60 billion in wasted energy annually).
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
GRAPES Mission and History
The mission of GRAPES is to accelerate the adoption and insertion of power electronics into the electric grid in order to improve system stability, flexibility, robustness and economy.
UA and USC faculty have worked together successfully for more than a decade
Started GRAPES in 2009
Why did we start GRAPES?
Ans. Critical mass
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Strategic Planning - Providing Ongoing Benefit to our Stakeholders
Strategic Plan focusing on 8 areas
Research foci are:• Distributed Energy Resources
• Demand Side Management
• Power Flow Control
• Power Electronic Modules
• Power Electronic Systems
Administrative foci are:• Recruitment
• Performing as a Model Organization
• Student Excellence
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
ComponentManufacturers
EquipmentProviders
Electric Utilities & Industrial Controls
Inductors
Capacitors
Switch GearProducts
End users of grid-connected advanced power electronic systems or demand-side controls
SystemRequirementsResearch
Iteration
Power Devices
Electronic Materials & Packaging
Modeling and Simulation
Circuit Design
Advanced Controls
Power Electronic Prototyping
System Analysis & Integration
Field Test and Evaluation
Vertically-Integrated Research
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
18
Prototype Test & Evaluation Facility
7000 ft2 building $5 million test facility One-of-a-kind Cost-effective facility for
businesses, national labs, and universities
UL and IEEE Standards testing
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
SiC Power Modules (actual photos) Collaboration with APEI, Rohm, Sandia Built, tested, demonstrated Operational to > 250 °C junction
Includes miniaturized integrated high temperature gate driver
R&D 100 Award Winner (2009)
MMC Baseplate
DBA Power Board
LTCC Driver Boards
Example Power Electronic Module
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Early Impact
Optimized design over an R&D 100 Award winner!
Power Module Layout SynthesisScalable Smart Power Routing
DC and AC power routing between renewable sources, grid, and loads in residential, commercial & industrial
applications – allows islanding
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Some Smart Grid Systems
Fault current limiter
Smart power routing
Interfaces to renewables (wind, solar)
Interfaces to storage (CES)
Electric vehicle charging & drive electronics
Transmission support
HVDC terminals
23
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Summary
Distributed Resources are the means by which the “evolution to revolution” can occur for our electric power grid• Resiliency
• Reliability
• Economy
• Efficiency
• Renewables
Power electronics are the muscle behind the smart grid• Condition, route, convert and shape the power for use
24
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
IEEE Power Electronics for Distributed Generation 2013
25
PEDG 2013 – July 8 - 11, 2013
• Expecting about 300 participants
• www.pedg2013.org
Key Dates
• Deadline for digests: March 1, 2013
• Notification of Acceptance: April 30, 2013
• Deadline for Final Manuscripts: May 31, 2013
John Q. Hammons Center, Rogers AR
Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era
Acknowledgements
SECU organizing committee
Sponsors: NSF, ONR, DARPA, DoD, DoE and lots of industry partners
Colleagues from a variety of institutions, but UA and USC first and foremost
The horses: our students!
26