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Dr. ANAND SRINIVASAN
Made of 2 kidneys 2 ureters Urinary bladder Urethra
Position Posterior abdominal
wall
Retroperitoneum
Extension T12 – L3
Right kidney lower than left due to liver on right side
Bean shaped
Enclosed by “Renal fascia”
Superiorly Right Adrenal Gland
Anteriorly Right lobe of liver Duodenum Hepatic flexure of colon
Posteriorly Diaphragm and posterior abdominal wall
muscles
Superiorly Left Adrenal Gland
Anteriorly Stomach Spleen Pancreas Jejunum Splenic flexure of colon
Posteriorly Diaphragm and posterior abdominal wall
muscles
Cortex
Medulla consisting of Pyramids Minor calyx Major calyx
Renal pelvis
1. Renal pyramid
2. Interlobar artery
3. Renal artery4. Renal vein5. Renal hilum6. Renal pelvis7. Ureter8. Minor calyx9. Renal
capsule10. Inferior pole11. Superior pole12. Interlobar vein13. Nephron14.Renal sinus15.Major calyx16.Renal papilla17.Renal column
ARTERIES Right & Left Renal Arteries from
Abdominal aorta
VEINS Right & Left Renal veins – draining into
Inferior vena cava Left Renal V. longer than right
Tubes that convey urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
25 – 30 cm
Passes Behind periotenum Into pelvic cavity Passes obliquely through the posterior wall
of bladder – prevents reflux of urine
Roughly pear shaped
Oval shaped when filled with urine
Posterior surface – Base
Urethra starts at neck
Peritoneum covers superior surface only
Total capacity of bladder – 600 ml
Awareness to mictuirate – 300 – 400 ml
Trigone of bladder
Internal urethral sphincter – involuntary External urethral sphincter – voluntary
Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology – Chapter 13; Pages 336 - 344