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Mitigating, Preventing, Responding, and Recovering from
Active Shooter Incidents
Sheriff Kem Kimbrough, B.S. J.D. Clayton County (GA) Sheriff’s Office
Dr. Bill Lowe, Professor Jacksonville State (AL ) University
Sheriff Kem KimbroughClayton County (GA) Sheriff’s Office
Former Director Special Investigations & Chief of Jail Operations.
Graduate of Morehouse College and Emory University Law School.
• 500 Deputies, Correctional Officers, and Staff• 1900 average daily inmates
Dr. Bill LoweClayton County (GA) Sheriff’s Office
Clayton County (GA) Deputy Sheriff, Fugitive Investigator
Clayton County (GA) Fire & Emergency Services32 years of command experience – Battalion Chief (retired)
Tenured Associate Professor:Emergency Management & Terrorism
Jacksonville State (AL) University
Preparedness Justifications• The likelihood of an active shooter incident is
low but the potential for devastation is high
• Bad guys (lone wolves, criminals, and terrorists) are more determined, more
violent, and more heavily armed than ever!
• The “rules of engagement”
have – and continue – to change! Good guys MUST work
together – so EVERYONE GOES HOME!
Preparedness Justifications• Incidents such as terrorist attacks, criminal attacks, active
shooters occur with alarming frequency.
• Many mass violence criminals express anger and revenge for some perceived persecution. Notoriety is another
motivation.
• Majority of active shooter incidents are planned.
• Medical care at the location of violence saves lives!
• Advance to the screams and gunfire!
Who they might be
• Terrorists – International and Domestic
• Extremists Groups
• Gangs• Lone Wolf
• Insider Threat–Disgruntled faculty, staff, students
–Behavioral / Mental Issues
–Notoriety / Political / Religious
Five Stages of the Active Shooter Phenomenon
• Fantasy Stage • Planning Stage • Preparation Stage • Approach Stage • Implementation Stage
Fantasy Stage
• The shooter pictures himself doing the shooting.
– Fantasizes about the headlines he will receive. – Might draw pictures of the event and make Web
site postings.
– Would‐be Active Shooters in the Fantasy Stage will often discuss their desires with friends and foes alike.
Planning Stage• The suspect is deciding on the "who, what, when, where
and how" of the day of infamy.
• Often put plans down in writing, and discuss plans with others.
• Plan the time / location to insure the most victims, or in some cases to target specific victims.
• Determine the weapons needed and where to get them.
• Decide how to travel to the target area and how to dress to conceal weapons without arousing suspicion.
Preparation Stage
• The suspect may be obtaining gun powder for his improvised explosive devices.
– Might break into relatives’
house to steal weapons and ammunition for the event.
– Might pre‐position weapons and explosives for the assault.
– Active Shooters have been known to call friends and tell them not to go to school or work on the scheduled day of the attack in an effort to keep
them out of the line of fire.
Approach Stage • The suspect has made his plans and decided to act.
Will be walking, driving, or riding toward the intended target(s), armed with tools of death.
• Law enforcement contact with the Active Shooter could come in the form of a citizen call, a traffic
stop or a “suspicious person”
encounter.
• An officer making contact with the suspect during this stage is in danger.
Implementation Stage • Once the shooter opens fire, immediate action needs to be
taken. Initial responding officers need to rapidly counter attack
and stop the threat.
• The Active Shooter will continue to kill until out of victims or
ammunition or stopped by law enforcement.
• Fully dedicated to going for the "top score," which is measured
in number of kills.
• The sooner an on‐
or off‐duty officer locates, closes with, and
destroys the Active Shooter ‐
the fewer funerals.
• Active Shooters have been thwarted by police officers, security
guards, school officials.
“Courage is being scared to death
–and saddling up
anyway!”
Surprise: Complete all offensive action before the party being engaged is able to react
Speed: Gain control before the target understands what is happening and can react
Violence of Action: Gaining and maintaining physical and psychological momentum
THANKS & SAFE Travels Home!THANKS & SAFE Travels Home!
Sheriff Sheriff KemKem Kimbrough,Kimbrough,
&&
Dr. Bill LoweDr. Bill Lowe
[email protected]@jsu.edu
Clayton County (GA) Sheriff’s Office / Jacksonville State (AL) University
