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Dr. Dominic Power Uppsala University
(and Østlandsforskning)
Kultur og næring i regional utvikling Norden som kreativ region, Trondheim 4. – 5. oktober
2006
Norden: a creative region?
“Det norske formannskapet vil derfor arbeide for åpne grenser og mobilitet for personer og kulturprodukter, samt bidra til å sikre bred tilgjengelighet av nordisk kunst og kultur.”
Norges program for formannskapet i Nordisk Ministerråd 2006
• There is currently a political willingness to talk about culture as a key element of not just our identity but also our economic and regional futures
Why is culture important to economic growth?
• Culture has been shown to create growth in 2 main ways:
1.Cultural industries themselves are growing and employing more people and firms
2.Vibrant cultural economies and cultures create spin-offs that are vital to other forms of economic growth
What can culture and creativity add to the region?
• Creative activity → helps employers/region to attract & retain talent
• Creative people → regenerate urban neighbourhoods
→ define region’s ‘brand’
→ create ‘buzz’• Creative workers → enhance creativity,
innovativeness throughout economy
• Cultural industries → investment, jobs, income, exports
What can creative industry add to the region?
TheExport
Perspective
TheExport
Perspective
Inward investment and local Capacity
Inward investment and local Capacity
Expanding export of ‘creative
products and services’
Expanding export of ‘creative
products and services’
Expanding export of creativity based
‘traditional industries’
Expanding export of creativity based
‘traditional industries’
Attracting tourists and visitors
Attracting tourists and visitors
Attracting foreign investment and venture capital
Attracting foreign investment and venture capital
Building BrandsBuilding Brands
Attracting knowledge workers
and new citizens
Attracting knowledge workers
and new citizens
Creative Industry Growth
Dynamics
Creative in
du
stry and
Intern
ational com
petitiven
ess
• Concentrates in urban areas
• But plenty of
regional clusters Employment in
municipalities 1999
Municipality Employees % change 95-98/99
1 Stockholm 83225 +33.002 Oslo 52173 +40.603 Helsinki 43695 +38.024 København 42620 +7.085 Göteborg 30218 +28.036 Århus 21245 +19.477 Malmö 16970 +23.828 Espoo 12655 +24.849 Bergen 11893 +19.4110 Tampere 10998 +13.74
SE
DK
NO
FIN
An uneven regional distribution
Creative regions?
What do we know about the characteristics of a creative region?
That it depends upon which type of industry we are interested in: music needs different things than furniture design
That all these industries are knowledge and innovation based… they grow fastest on the basis of knowledge and innovation
3 hypothetical propositions on regional knowledge creation
1. Knowledge in regions is created through various forms of local inter-organizational collaborative interaction.
2. Knowledge in regions is created through increased local competition and intensified rivalry.
3. Knowledge in regions is created through spill-over effects following from the local mobility and sociability of individuals.
Creative regions?
Knowledge and innovation in cultural industries is supported by:– A strong set of cultural institutions– State support (where wanted/needed)– Clustering (not necessarily for cooperation)
in the region– Diversity of people and activities– Tolerance and openness to new ideas and
people– Links with other places and markets– Strong creative brands and identities
Where do we want to go?
There are good reasons for aiming to create:
• Establish the Nordic region a global creative hub/region
• To support the growth of (some) world class creative regions and localities
How do we get there?
• Awareness that in addition to cultural policy… we need coordinated industrial policy supportive of innovative and competitive creative and cultural firms
How do we get there?
Support the innovation and knowledge base• Internationalise the creative education sector • Do what other industries do: develop third level
research and industry linked R&D• Complement creative education with business skills
Cross-sectoral innovation - ‘related variety platforms’• Linking creative firms to Swedish big business: Sony-
Ericsson linking with Stockholm design firms• Ice-breaking funds: Denmark• Meeting places (real, virtual, or temporary)• Incubators
How do we get there?
“Small, volatile and under-capitalised”
Tessa Jowell, FT 2004
• Give business and entrepreneurial support and training, open VC, etc.
• Help firms understand what is happening: market analysis, technological foresight, business model analysis… help them discover new opportunities before other industries take their markets (e.g. like IT firms taking the lead in selling music)
• But make sure to have a focus on international competitiveness rather than local markets
How do we get there?
Focus on the market (and it is often very far away)– Bring the world to us: help internationalize
trade fairs; encourage inward investment to increase competition; encourage migration
– Bring us to them: support for showcases, export drives, trade fair attendance
How do we get there?
Love your neighbours!
There is strength in numbers!Nordic (Baltic? European?) cooperation to exploit
economies of scale and scope:– Nationally: cooperate on promotion,
branding awareness, IPR and
regulation– Regionally: linking clusters– Sectorally: linking firms
Creative Directions report
• Report focused on policies to support commercial creative industry products and services, and therein support these industries at a regional level
• Report identified 5 priority action areas
1. Hooking up firms within Creative Industries (e.g. music firm with music firm)
2. Hitting the market (Distribution/sales/export)
3. Creating world class knowledge/innovation
4. Hooking up firms across Creative Industries (e.g. music firm with film company) and with other industries
5. Entrepreneurship
