Dr. Raoof M. Radhi

الميكانيكية الهندسة قسم ندوة

العراق في الطاقة »ازمةالحل« جوانب بعض و

كربالء جامعةالهندسة كلية

- 3 – 30االثنين 2015POWER PLANTS Power the Planet

C C P“Economical Approach to Boost National Power Generation”

C C P“Economical Approach to Boost

National Power Generation”

Invention of Electricity

Among many discoveries,

electricity definitely had

one of the biggest impacts on society of all,

Usage of electricity has become so extensive

life of modern man becomes crippled without

it.

Importance of Electricity

There would be thousands of things we would not be able to do

and not have if it were not for electricity.

Furthermore, we have developed a kind of over-dependency, resulting in such a fact

that it has molded the course of human

civilization, both for the good and for the better.

Electricity Generation

Most people

give little thought to

where electricity comes from,

there are many different ways

to generate electricity

including

coal, oil, gas, hydroelectric, nuclear, and solar.

6

Electric Power System

Electric Power Industry

Electrical Industry is

an interconnected network for delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers.

It consists of

i. generating stations that produce electrical power,

ii. high-voltage transmission lines that carry power from distant sources to demand centers, and

iii. distribution lines that connect individual customers.

National Grid

"The Grid."

is a network of

power plants,

transmission & distribution lines,

alternating current loads (consumers),

which all operate in synchronism with one another.

Worldwide

national grid and sources of energy

come from a

wide variety of sources and

is not limited to a

single power source

generating electrical powerco

nven

tiona

l • Steam turbine PP• Steam engine PP• Diesel PP• Gas turbine PP• Hydro-electric PP• Nuclear PP

Non

-con

venti

onal • Wind energy PP

• Geothermal energy• Ocean thermal energy• Wave & tidal wave• Solar energy• Biogas & biomass

energy

Illustration of many different types of power generation, including nuclear, fossil fuel or coal, and renewable energy or sustainable energy sources such as wind power or wind turbines, photovoltaic cells or solar panels, and hydro electric or water power.

high-voltage transmission lines that carry power from distant sources to demand centers, and

distribution lines that connect individual customers

Electric Power Industry in IRAQ“Bulk Generation”

Electricity in Iraq comes from many power stations

scattered all round the country, in regions that provides

specific power schemes requirements

الكهرباء - لوزارة السنوي االحصائي 2013التقرير

Production & Demand

Power produced from these stations

tends to satisfy and cover

the daily electricity demand.

!!!

UnfortunatelyThis currently can’t be satisfied

Why?

Reasons

Due to various

force majored factors and political disturbance

that took place in the country in recent years,

the Iraqi infrastructure were subjected to

severe,

deliberate

and brutal destruction.

In fact

since the late seventies,

IRAQ

has never reached a state of stability in almost

all fields of life,

and the focus of instability was the repeated

destructive military aggressions

&

hatred act of terrorism

that took place in the country

Electricity as a Target

Almost all power generation plants

all over the country

were effected in this respect.

Resulting in that the overall national grid power production was far behind the

demand level.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Series1 12000 0 8400 3300 4470 6818 6800 6825 6800

Series2 7500 7500 7500 7500 7500 14000 15000 20000 35000

2500

7500

12500

17500

22500

27500

32500

37500

Electricity Production & Demandpo

wer

MW

وزارة موقعالكهرباء

2015 \ 3 \ 6الجمعة

This is round the clock website notification on the total power generation under

the Ministry of Electricity authorities.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Series1 6825 6280 6284 5608 6192 5631 5346 6016

500

1500

2500

3500

4500

5500

6500

7500

Current Total generation - Ministry of Electricity

gen

erat

ed p

ower

M

W

Such situation had a marked effects not only on the power generation facilities

But also the people whole life in general.

In addition some projects, originally, had never reached

100% completion, and yet it receives similar aggressive acts.

Thereby, the power production schemes never reached it’s planned goals.

What to do

One of the answers to this

May be

Combined cycle

May help to decrease the severity of such problem

Combined Cycle Power Generation System

CC in brief

The combined cycle is a well-established power generation technology, where the principle of such scheme seeks adequate heat energy rejection from the gas turbine cycle to be used as the heat energy supply to the steam turbine cycle. Such that, the gas turbine and steam turbine cycles are connected by a heat recovery system for heat energy transfer.

The national economy calls for governmental acts

to develop the country’s infrastructure needs within its investment capabilities.

optimum utilization

of the existent generation facilities

should be practiced by

Integrating neighboring power systems operation,

resulting in a combined cycle scheme

having the power production benefits of both systems from only one of their heat sources.

Many GTPP were installed in recent years as an Iraqi government measure

to over-come the electricity “production–supply” crisis. 60 gas turbine units, each of 125 MW

actual generation capacity, 32 other units of lower and higher generating capacity

are planned for imminent future schemes . Thereby, a total power generation of 12420 MW

will eventually be availablecovering the whole of the country’s electricity demand.

Kirkuk

و , الغازية البخارية المحطات مشاريعالديزل

(2012-2015)6نينوى: x125MW

2عكاز: x125MW4: 2عكاز- x30MW

10الخيرات: x125MW 2كربالء: x125MW

الحلة: 2x125MW

4الحيدرية: x125MW

4 القدس: x125MW4التاجي: x40MW2الصدر: x169MW

5الرميلة: x292MW : البصرة 10شط x125 MW

4النجيبية: x125MW

4الديوانية: x125MW

2 دبس: x169MW2: 2دبس- x169MW

1تازة: x292MW

2بزركان: x60MW4العمارة: x125MW

4 المنصورية: x185MW

السماوة: 4x125MW

الناصرية:4x125MW

6بيجي: x169MW400بيجي: MW

4الشمال: x350MW

: الدين 2صالح x630MW

MW1500 :(CCGT)األنبار

3اليوسفية: x210MW

2الزبيدية: x610MW4: 2الزبيدية- x330MW

200:العمارة MW

400الديوانية: MW

300كربالء: MW

: 230مخلصكافي MW

بخارية محطات

غازية محطات

ديزل

Simulation proposal

From technical and economic considerations, normal gas turbine systems have a cycle efficiency range of (33–38 %);

the huge production capacity mentioned above means that a lot of energy will be wasted.

assuming that an equal amount of power will be consumed to operate the compressor,

then an almost equal fraction of energy is just expelled as heat into the atmosphere.

The aim of this proposal is an attempt to evaluate the means for capturing such energy

by applying the CC power generation principles to existing systems without any

modification or redesign requirements.

The unfired mode was deliberately considered it was actually preferred to provide total free operation

for the steam side of the combined cycle.

The data necessary for the combined cycle simulation was obtained from existing

Khor-Al-Zubair plant-system model 9001E/HED.

Concentration has been focused on the HRSG simulation, since its output will eventually set the level of performance of the proposed steam cycle. A wide range of operating conditions, with extensive iteration, was applied in terms of pressure, temperatures, pinch, and approach points to study the feasibility of the steam cycle performance.

Modeling may be simplified by considering a sub-system approach for better analysis control.

Consideration as such and referring to the figure; the thermodynamic model of the system may comprise:

i. Gas turbine cycle,

ii. HRSG,

iii. Steam turbine cycle,

iv. Overall system

models.

Results

The power drop caused by increasing the superheater approach point is about (1.43%), and that caused by the economizer approach point is about (2.16%), while (4.38%) power reduction comes from increasing the pinch point. This is to demonstrate that, although there is a fairly tight link, it is obvious that the pinch point temperature difference has the upper hand in this respect, as its effect is thrice that of the superheater approach point and twice that of the economizer approach point.

Simulation results demonstrated that (3 units) of the gas turbine plant can fully operate one unit of the steam turbine plant forming thereby a well-defined, effective, and efficient combined cycle plant.

This means that the three GTC can itself generate (375) MW, and at the same time operate the STC to produce additional (300) MW.

These results and according to the two considered sites actual specification, means that about 80% of free power production can be achieved.

Two CCPP can be planned at this site, adding thereby (600) MW extra power to the national electricity distribution grid.

Conclusions

In one of the country’s industrial sites at Al-Mosyab region,

there exists a plant of (4) steam power units

neighboring a gas turbine plant of (10) units of similar specifications

to those used in this analysis.

The near future approved plans for the country’s combined cycle schemes include, at least, (12) sites of gas turbine plants, which are currently under

construction. Accordingly, This would total to more than

3600 MW extra and free power production, Surely in an economic sense means

a very attractive saving, as well as effective added power to

the national electricity distribution grid.

Conclusions

Electricity supply to consumers requires efficient overall power system

that includes not only production sources, but should also consider

the transmission and the distribution capabilities.

Final Remark

There are many factors involved in this process, complicated not only by technical issue,

but also by political and ethnic disturbance

as results from wars and terrorism

dispatched by unfriendly acts

from several international sides that have

selfish interest of seeing unstable Iraq.

Engineering point of viewThe important requirements

Technical requirement1. Fuel supply.2. Water sources.3. Maintenance program4. Spare parts availability5. Experienced Work force6. Efficient T/D network

Administrative requirement1. Planned operational

program.2. Planned maintenance

schedule.3. Planned boosting schemes4. Responsible consumers

Thank you!