ENVIRONATIONALISM: AN ESS BASED EDUCATION TO ELEVATE NATIONALISM AMONG INDONESIAN STUDENTS

Dr. Ridwan BachtraIB Dunia Conference – room B522nd November 2014Jakarta International School

Concern on Nationalism Spirit among Indonesian Students Phenomena: - Not serious in flag ceremony- Cannot / barely can sing national

anthem and other patriotic songs- Cannot identify name of provinces in

Indonesia, names of national heroes, national natural resources, cultural dance, endemic – endangered species.

- Lack of pride or lack of interest in being identified with Indonesian tradition: clothing, food, artifact

Possible causes Nationalism concept is viewed as an

abstract issue Convenience lifestyle - minimum

struggle in life ; upper class society Vast time difference between year of

independence with their lifetime Globalized multi media input Frequent negative news regarding

government

Areas of Learning

Cognitive involves in knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, syntesis, and evaluation.

Affective involves in receiving or attending, responding, valuing, organization, characterization Nationalism (feeling)

Psychomotor involves in imitating, manipulating, precession, articulating, and naturalization. (Dave, 1975). Nationalistic behavior

Erikson’s Stage of Psycosocial Development

Environationalism approaches:

Increase knowledge of competitive and absolute advantages of Indonesian natural and social resources ESS

Increase degree of tangibility of reason to be proud of being Indonesian

INCREASE IN NATIONALISM SPIRIT

Why is it important to increase knowledge about competitive and absolute advantages of Indonesian natural and social resources ? 1. Environmental science (ESS) is an

empirical science - proof can be observed directly

2. Tangible knowledge regarding facts of nature and social issues longer retention in human mind.

3. Environmental science is a multidiscipline knowledge that can correlate to many issues – five dimensions : interaction, interdependence, variability, harmony, and sustainability.

Environationalism is following constructivism education paradigm

Constructivism Education Paradigm: Believes in human capability to remember and explain an event, to compare and to make decision, to build knowledge from all of the experiences.

Article of law no. 20. Year 2003 regarding education in Indonesia mentions that an education is a fully aware and planned efforts to develop learning situation and process of learning that will develop maximum potential of students to have spiritual strength, self control, self identity, intelligence, good manner and skills that is necessary for the success of the student, society, nation and country society.

Environationalism Education Model

Scientific Exploration

Literature

Art / Culture

Stage 1: Theory - Cognitive

Stage 2: Exploration

Stage 3: Discussion

Stage 4: Reflection

Affective

SYSTEMS AND MODELS STORAGES FLOWS PROCESSES FEEDBACK

OPEN SYSTEM MATTER AND ENERGY IN AND OUT

CLOSE SYSTEM ONLY ENERGY IN AND OUT

ISOLATED SYSTEM NOTHING MOVING FROM THE SYSTEM

APPLICATION FOR NATIONALISM STUDIES

Indonesia is an open system:Situated in a very strategic location for trading

and for migration of both humans and animals Matter export and import goods Energy cultural influences (vocabulary /

music adoption) Outcome multi culture influence, multi

ethnic formation, speciation among species

Open, Closed and Isolated

Sample of open system: Indonesia is a strategic marine country located in

the middle of land, sea and marine trading path. Location: 6 degree North latitude and 11 degree

South latitude and Between 95 to 141 degree East Longitude. Between Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean Between Australian continent and Asian continent Visited by many nations got much cultural

influences: languages and lifestyle Foreign influences is not new! Should be filtered

which to be adapted.

Bhinneka Tunggal Ika

Written in Sutasoma Arjuna Wiwaha by Mpu Tantular, teaching how to value differences as asset and not liability

Being in cross section of Indian Ocean and Indonesian Ocean, Asia and Australia continents, must be able to adapt with global influences.

By knowing Indonesian principal we can filter what to be adopted and what not:

Pancasila &UUD 45

As a nation located strategically and filled with abundant natural resources

Biodiversity: Geographically, Indonesia has many type of natural

landscape: Attracts many ethnics with many lifestyle to visit and stay Migration of proto and deutro malayan tribe (2000-500 BC)

from Southern China (Yunan Province, they were pushed to Mekong river, to Kampuchea, finally to Malayan Peninsula.

They are skilled with agriculture skills, navigation systems, trading and astrology.

They sailed among islands of Indonesia with leeboard

Species and Niche development:

As geographic in Indonesia varies each ethnic group develop their own niche

The more various of culture (niche) in a exist in a nation – the more variety of culture more diverse skills the more stable is a nation. ( complete food web)

Filter: Pancasila (the soul of indonesia)

1. One Almighty God (KeTuhanan yang maha esa)2. Just dan civilized humanity (Kemanusiaan yang adil

dan beradab)3. The unity of Indonesia (Persatuan indonesia)4. Democracy led by wisdom of deliberation and

representation (Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan / perwakilan)

5. Social justice for all Indonesian people (Keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia)

Other ideology from foreign culture Liberalism: as a response of strict centralized regulation that is

viewed as invasion to privacy and human rights. a. Unlimited wealth accumulation b. Freedom to compete and to be active in politics c. Free market and trades d. Freedom in social acts e. Free style governance

Communism: a paradigm to oppose capital owner, to eliminate gap between social classes.

Capitalism: market force will form a harmonious relation between capitalist, land owner, and labor naturally. Minimal involvement of government. Written by Adam Smith.

Biomes A collection of ecosystems sharing similar climatic conditions. Climate controls: temperature, insolation (sunlight), rainfall

(water) Water: photosynthesis, transpiration, support (cell turgidity) The more productive a biome, the higher NPP (net primary

productivity) = gain of energy or biomass per unit area per unit time remaining after allowing for losses of energy due to respiration.

Temperature and precipitation (rainfall) determine biome distribution

Level of insulation correlates with temperature.

Tropical rain Forest High temperature: 26 degree Celsius, high precipitation:

2500 mm/yr all year long. Little seasonal variation all year growing season High NPP produce 40% of all terrestrial ecosystem Highest diversity of animal and plants: 480 tree species /

hectare (2.5 acre) vs only 6 in temperate forest. Multilayered and complex forest provide many niche of

animal variety Most inorganic nutrient locked in tree biomass, not in soil.

Tree obtain nutrients from rapid recycling on forest floor. Trees canopy protect soils, once cleared through logging,

soil easily eroded, making it hard to reestablish.

Changes Limiting factors and carrying capacity Populations are constrained by limiting

factors. Limiting factors: temperature, water and

nutrient availability Chill sensitive, frost sensitive, frost resistant,

frost tolerant, cold tolerant Water: Hydrophytes, Mesophytes, Xerophytes

Population growth curves S curve 1. exponential growth: population grows rapidly

reasons: plentiful resources, lack of competition, favourable abiotic factors, lack of pradator or disease.

2. transitional curve: increase of competitor, increase in predator, increase rate of dises

3. plateau phase: space and resource decline, population increase.

Long live species with few predator follow S curves

Succession & zonation Long term change in the composition of a

community Earliest community: pioneer Final community: sere Primary succession: occurring on a previously

uncolonized substrate Secondary succession: previous community

had been destroyed – recolonize again. Zonation: changes of community over spatial

– changes in latitude

How mature is Indonesia as a civilization?

Independence since 1945 Heading toward a “climax community”?

A stable community where relation among species is sustainable

How far have we progress? Sustainable resources Population management – sustainable

relation among tribes? Religion? Social class?

Sustainable Development: balance among economic, social, and environmental aspects

Climax community & Plagioclimax Climax Community end of community changes Features: greater biomass, high species diversity,

favourable soil condition, lower PH, taller, longer living trees, more K species, fewer r species, greater community complexity, greater habitat diversity, steady state equilibrium.

Plagioclimax interrupted succession process by human interaction

Indonesian sample: Indonesia illegal logging, housing development, mining, agriculture farming

Every 4 seconds: a football pitch of tropical rain forest deforested.

Excavation and Mining Size of landforms created or

destroyed can be measured by estimating rates of erosion.

Measurement: lowering of surface, volume carried away by river, volume of material removed.

Mining in Indonesia: who got the benefit? Natural and social pollution

Environmental Impact Assessments

Habitat type and abundance: record total area of each habitat type

Species list: record number of species Species diversity: estimate the abundance List of endangered species Land use: assess land use type and use coverage Hydrology: assess hydrological condition in

terms of volume, discharge, flows and quality Human population: assess present population Soil: quality, fertility and pH HAS IT DONE PROPERLY IN INDONESIA?

Human Population Population dynamics

World population is growing rapidly Doubled faster and faster 95% population growth is taking place at LEDC Stabilized (reach carrying capacity) at 8.5 billion ,

peak at 9 billion around 2050 Resource needed for food, clothing and housing Life expectancy in increasing but social security is

not. increase of elderly All region will fall in population but North and South

America

Economic Prosperity

Gross Domestic Income (GDI) is the total income received by all sectors of an economy within a nation. It includes the sum of all wages, profits, and taxes, minus subsidies.

Gross National Product (GDP) the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year – Ind USD 878,198 in 2012

Reasons in mortality rates Age structure Social class Occupations Place of residence Child mortality rate and IMR

Neonatal, perinatal , and Post neonatal death

How is Indonesia doing?

Population Pyramids

Sustainability

Means using global resources at a rate that allows natural regeneration and minimize damage to the environment.

Can be encouraged though careful application of:

1. ecological land-use to maintain habitat quality and connectivity for all species

2.Sustainable material cycles to prevent the contamination of living systems

3.Social systems that contribute to a culture of sufficiency that eases the consumption pressures on natural capital.

Sustainable Development Economic Aspect:1. Economics of sufficiency ,

not greed2. Energy efficient buildings3. Green commuting4. Reduced pollution5. Reduce , reuse, recycle

policies

Social aspect:1. Cultural diversity and

social stability2. Lifestyle and recreational

amenities3. Protected common land

4. Education and awareness5. Political action for

sustainability6. Sustainable built

environment

Environmental aspect1. Renewable energy sources2. Waste management and

water treatment3. Reduce, reuse, recycle

policies4. Protected areas and

wildlife coridors

National Application Approaching 7 billion world population Increasing human’s need for food, clothes and

shelter Take a wise measure to ensure availability for the

next generation. Indonesia position :1. Tropical rain forest biome conducive for

continuous plants to grow2. Fertile volcanic soil3. Highest diversity for gene pool resource 20% of

tropical rain forest on Earth, 50% plant species, 42% vertebrates, 480 species of tree in every acre compared to only 6 in temperate forest

Role of Producers, consumers, and Decomposers Producers produce its own food Consumers consume foods made by

producers Decomposers obtain food from breakdown

of dead organic matter.

In society: Indonesia export products? Producers of goods and services Consurmers Decomposers recycling?

International Relation Dutch and Japanese occupation seeking for the

resources Many national heroes have died for defense samples:1. Prince Diponegoro of Middle Jave2. Kapten Pattimura of Moluccas Islands3. Cut Nyak Dien of Nangroe Aceh Darrusalam4. I Gusti Ngurah Rai of Bali5. Sultan Hasanudin of Makasar

Current Foreign Invasion Economic , Social , and Politic Case of Freeport Case of Newmont Should seek for mutual relation not

predation or parasitic Raising standard in knowledge and unity

to aim for Sustainable Development for Indonesia