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BillikenSat-II The First Bio-Fuel Cell Test Platform for Space
Dr. Sanjay JayaramBen Corrado
Presentation at the Cubesat Developers Workshop The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, CA
April 19, 2007
Biofuel Cell Technology
En
zymes
V
Anode Cathode
H+
Nafion 112
H+
O2
H2O
e-e-
Enzyme catalyzed bio-reaction that produces power in a manner similar to a hydrogen fuel cell or an alkaline battery
In space?
Human wasteis used in
bio fuel cell
Fuel cellproduces
power and water
Astronaut drinks water
Bio-Cycle
GOAL: Proof of concept
CHALLENGES: • Sizing – Volume, mass• Pressure Regulation• Temperature Regulation• Experimental Verification
?
Payload
Finished Anode
• Able to utilize variety of fuels • Smaller, lighter flight version• Large fuel reservoir, resists corrosion• Good conduction between plates:
Gold plating, 4 bolts
Anode
Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA)
Cathode
Air Tight Fill PortPressurized Chamber
Structure
• Common fasteners used throughout• Component positions interchangeable
Side RailBattery BoxPayload
Antenna
Attitude Control
Nm
Smorbit
Communication Window
Nm
Smorbit
Geo-Magnetic Lines of Force
Passive Control using Permanent Magnets and Hysteresis Dampers
Electronic Interfaces C&DHC&DH
PIC 18Micro-
controller
PowerPower
Battery Array
Battery Chargers
Solar Array
5V 7V3.3V
ADCSADCS
Thermal ControlThermal Control ExperimentExperiment
CommunicationsCommunications
Rate Gyro X
Rate Gyro Y
Rate Gyro Z
Heater
Thermal Sensor
Control Switch
Transceiver
Power Amp
Antenna
Control Switch
A/D Conv.
DataUnregulated Bus3V Bus5V Bus7V Bus
Ground Ground StationStation
Potentiostat
+-
+-
ReedRelay
ReedRelay
Bio-FuelCell
Digitalto AnalogConverter
Current to Voltage Amplifier
Analog to DigitalConverter
Fuel Cell Output
BillikenSat-II: 20 mWComparison: A cell phone on average draws 200 mWWith flow: 20 mW/cm2 is possible Cell the size of a small book can power a laptop
Fuel Versatility
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Alkalin
eLith
ium ion
Urea
Liquid hyd
rogen
Methanol
Sugars
Ethanol
Glycero
lBiodies
el
Ene
rgy
Den
sity
(Whr
/L)
Components of Bio-FuelsAlka
line
Lithium Io
n
Liquid Hyd
roge
n
Communications
IF 10.7 MHz
FSK433 MHz
Antennas Band Pass Filter
ExternalIF IC
Band PassFilter
Oscillator
FSKGenerator
Ground Station
RF PowerAmplifier
MelexisTH7122
Transceiver
Micro-processor
T/R Switch
AntennaAntenna: Nitinolshape memory alloy
Nylon & Nichrome for deployment
Spiral etching
Silver epoxy for contact
Facilities1. Ground Station 2. Clean Room
• Software: NOVA
• Antenna:
Model 436CP42 U/G Yagi
Beam-width 21° circular
• Vertical Flow
• Soft Wall
• DEPT. OF CHEMISTY GRADUATE STUDENT (PAYLOAD):– Robert L Arechederra
• JUNIORS:– Ben Corrado (EE) – Yusshy Mendoza (ME)
• SOPHOMORES & FRESHMEN:– Rehan Refai (ME/AE) – Daniel Rooney (AE) – Nicholas Reder (AE) – Brandon Smith (AE) – Morgan Quinley (AE) – John Woodman (AE)
• AEROSPACE SENIORS:– Nathaniel Clark – Sonia Hernandez – Paul Lemon – Darren Pais
• ELECTRICAL SENIORS:– Thamer Bahassan– Mac Mills – Brian M. Vitale
• COMPUTER ENGINEERING SENIORS:– Justin Kerber– Jorge Moya– Elena Nogales
Students Involved
Questions?
Power
No
Solar
Array
Vin >Vmin
Sun Light
BatteryArrayDiode
UnregulatedBus
3V Bus 5V Bus 7V Bus
Yes
BatteryChargers
Diode
System Interfaces
C&DH
Structures
ADCS
Power
Comm.
C&DH
Thermal
Legend
Electrical Engineers: 3
Computer Engineers: 2
Aerospace Engineers: 4
Chemistry: 1
Vibrations
•First natural frequency falls within range of frequencies expected on launch• Deflections are 0.00116 mm
Mode 1 Shape Mode 2 Shape