Dr Younis-Vaccine Preventable Diseases

8/14/2019 Dr Younis-Vaccine Preventable Diseases

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VACCINE PREVENTABLEVACCINE PREVENTABLE

DISEASEDISEASEPRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY:

DR. YOUNIS MUSHTAQDR. YOUNIS MUSHTAQ

ROLL NO. 12ROLL NO. 12

MBA IN HEALTH AND HOSPITAL MANAGEMENTMBA IN HEALTH AND HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

PADMASHREE DR. DYPATIL UNIVERSITYPADMASHREE DR. DYPATIL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENTDEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

NAVI MUMBAI-400614NAVI MUMBAI-400614


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CONCEPT OF IMMUNITYCONCEPT OF IMMUNITY

SPECIFIC DEFENCESSPECIFIC DEFENCES

Come into play once microorganisms haveCome into play once microorganisms have

breached local defence mechanisms.breached local defence mechanisms.Two types- Active & Passive.Two types- Active & Passive.

Active immunityActive immunity--

HumoralHumoral CellularCellular

Combination of bothCombination of both


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Passive Immunity-Passive Immunity-

Normal Human IgNormal Human Ig Specific Human IgSpecific Human Ig

Animal antitoxins or antiseraAnimal antitoxins or antisera


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Immunising agentsImmunising agents

VaccinesVaccines ImmunoglobulinsImmunoglobulins

AntiseraAntisera


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VACCINESVACCINESLIVELIVE BCG, Typhoid oral, Plague(Bacterial)BCG, Typhoid oral, Plague(Bacterial)

Oral polio, yellow fever, measles, Rubella, Mumps,Oral polio, yellow fever, measles, Rubella, Mumps,Influenza.(Viral)Influenza.(Viral)

Epi typhus.(Rickettsial)Epi typhus.(Rickettsial)

INACTIVATEDINACTIVATED

Typhoid, cholera, pertusis, C.S. meningitis, Plague.Typhoid, cholera, pertusis, C.S. meningitis, Plague.

(Bacterial)(Bacterial)

Rabies, Salk, influenza, Hepatitis B, JapaneseRabies, Salk, influenza, Hepatitis B, Japanese

encephalitis(Viral)encephalitis(Viral)TOXOIDSTOXOIDS

Diphtheria, Tetanus(Bacterial)Diphtheria, Tetanus(Bacterial)
http://c/wiki/File:Vaccination-polio-india.jpghttp://c/wiki/File:Vaccination-polio-india.jpghttp://c/wiki/File:Vaccination-polio-india.jpg


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COLD CHAINCOLD CHAIN

AA cold chaincold chain is a temperature-controlledis a temperature-controlledsupply chain.supply chain.

It is used to extend and to help ensure the shelfIt is used to extend and to help ensure the shelflife of products such as chemicals, foods andlife of products such as chemicals, foods andPharmaceutical drugs.Pharmaceutical drugs.

This is important in the supply of vaccines toThis is important in the supply of vaccines to

distant clinics in hot climates served by poorlydistant clinics in hot climates served by poorly

developed transport networks.developed transport networks.


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Cold chain equipmentsCold chain equipments

Walk in cold rooms.Walk in cold rooms.

Deep freezers and ice linked refrigerators.Deep freezers and ice linked refrigerators.

Small deep freezers and ILR(140 Ltr)Small deep freezers and ILR(140 Ltr) Cold boxes, vaccine carriers.Cold boxes, vaccine carriers.

Day carriers, ice packs.Day carriers, ice packs.


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The cold chain system for the storage, distribution and The cold chain system for the storage, distribution andtransportation of the vaccines consists of 113 Walk-in- Coldtransportation of the vaccines consists of 113 Walk-in- Cold

Rooms and 10 Walk in Freezer Rooms at the regional level;Rooms and 10 Walk in Freezer Rooms at the regional level;

Icelined Refrigerators and Deep Freezers at the District levelIcelined Refrigerators and Deep Freezers at the District leveland a twin set of ILR/Freezer at the PHC level.and a twin set of ILR/Freezer at the PHC level.

From the PHCs, the vaccines are taken in vaccine carriers asFrom the PHCs, the vaccines are taken in vaccine carriers asno storage is envisaged at the Sub-centre level.no storage is envisaged at the Sub-centre level.

The above basic cold chain system is supported byThe above basic cold chain system is supported by

(a)(a)Cold boxes for transportation of vaccines from the regionalCold boxes for transportation of vaccines from the regionalstorage points to the districts and from the districts to thestorage points to the districts and from the districts to thePHCsPHCs

(b)(b)Sterilisation equipment for the PHCs and sub-centresSterilisation equipment for the PHCs and sub-centres

(c)(c)Needles and syringes.Needles and syringes.


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Vaccine preventable diseasesVaccine preventable diseases

Advances in biomedical research,Advances in biomedical research,technology, and government support fortechnology, and government support for

more publicly-funded immunizationmore publicly-funded immunizationprograms is helping to make this possible.programs is helping to make this possible.

Vaccines still provide the most effective,Vaccines still provide the most effective,longest-lasting method of preventinglongest-lasting method of preventing

infectious diseases in all age groups.infectious diseases in all age groups.


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Various diseases which canVarious diseases which can

be prevented by vaccinationbe prevented by vaccination CholeraCholera DiphtheriaDiphtheria

Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae, type B, type B

Hepatitis AHepatitis A Hepatitis BHepatitis B

InfluenzaInfluenza

Japanese EncephalitisJapanese Encephalitis

MeaslesMeasles MeningitisMeningitis

MumpsMumps


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PertussisPertussis

PoliomyelitisPoliomyelitis pneumococcalpneumococcal

RabiesRabies

RubellaRubella

SmallpoxSmallpox TetanusTetanus

TyphoidTyphoid VaricellaVaricella

Yellow FeverYellow Fever etcetc


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UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATIONUNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION

SCHEDULESCHEDULE

Universal Immunisation ProgrammeUniversal Immunisation Programme(UIP), declared as one of the Technology(UIP), declared as one of the Technology

Missions in 1986, was launched in 1985Missions in 1986, was launched in 1985as part of the overall national strategy toas part of the overall national strategy tobring down infant and maternal mortalitybring down infant and maternal mortalityin the country by providing immunisationin the country by providing immunisation

to all infants against six vaccineto all infants against six vaccinepreventable diseases and pregnantpreventable diseases and pregnantwomen against tetanuswomen against tetanus


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Under the UIP, every year about 25 millionUnder the UIP, every year about 25 million

infants are to be vaccinated before they areinfants are to be vaccinated before they areone year old with three doses of OPT vaccineone year old with three doses of OPT vaccine(Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus), three(Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus), threedoses of polio vaccine (orally administered)doses of polio vaccine (orally administered)

and one dose each of the measles and BCGand one dose each of the measles and BCGvaccines. About 27 million pregnant womenvaccines. About 27 million pregnant womenare also to be administered two doses ofare also to be administered two doses oftetanus toxide (TT)tetanus toxide (TT) asas prevention againstprevention against

tetanus to them and to their new born.tetanus to them and to their new born.


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Vaccine Age Birth 6 weeks 10 weeks 14

weeks

9-12

months

Primary vaccination

BCG X

Oral polio X X X X DPT X X X Hepatitis B* X X X Measles XBooster Doses

DPT + Oral polio 16 to 24 months

DT 5 years

Tetanus toxoid (TT) At 10 years and again at 16 yearsVitamin A 9, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months

Pregnant women

Tetanus toxoid (PW): 1st dose

2nd dose

Booster

As early as possible during pregnancy (first contact)

1 month after 1st dose

If previously vaccinated, within 3 years

NATIONAL IMMUNIZATIONNATIONAL IMMUNIZATION

SCHEDULESCHEDULE


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Surveillance of VaccineSurveillance of Vaccine

Preventable Diseases:Preventable Diseases: Considerable efforts have gone intoConsiderable efforts have gone into

developing a reliable surveillancedeveloping a reliable surveillance

system. The immediate reportingsystem. The immediate reportingof cases of neonatal tetanus andof cases of neonatal tetanus and

poliomyelitis has been madepoliomyelitis has been made

mandatory.mandatory.


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There has been a significant decline inThere has been a significant decline inthe reported disease incidence ofthe reported disease incidence of

these diseases are given in the table:these diseases are given in the table:


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HAZARDS OFHAZARDS OF

IMMUNISATIONIMMUNISATION Reactions inherent to inoculation.Reactions inherent to inoculation. Reactions due to faulty techniques.Reactions due to faulty techniques.

Reactions due to hypersensitivity.Reactions due to hypersensitivity. Neurological involvement.Neurological involvement. Provocative reactions.Provocative reactions. othersothers


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REFERENCESREFERENCES

Park s Text book of PSM by K. Park.Park s Text book of PSM by K. Park. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_chain

http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dpg-eng.php#vachttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dpg-eng.php#vac http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmthttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccines

http://www.savic.ac.za/backend/docs/VACChttp://www.savic.ac.za/backend/docs/VACCINE%20PREVENTABLE%20DISEASES-INE%20PREVENTABLE%20DISEASES-%20VAAL.pdf%20VAAL.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_chainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_chainhttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dpg-eng.phphttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dpg-eng.phphttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dpg-eng.phphttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/00vol26/26s1/index.htmlhttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/00vol26/26s1/index.htmlhttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/00vol26/26s1/index.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccineshttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/00vol26/26s1/index.htmlhttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dpg-eng.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_chain


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THANKTHANK

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Dr Younis-Vaccine Preventable Diseases