Draft EIA Report for M/s. Shivashakti Sugars Limited

Draft EIA Report for M/s. Shivashakti Sugars Limited


INDEXSl. no. Contents Page no.

CHAPTER NO.1 INTRODUCTION 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Background & Company Details 21.3 Promoters of the Company 21.4 Study objective 31.5 The need for environmental assessment 41.6 Need for the project & its importance to the country & or region 41.7 Demand– supply gap power sector in india 51.8 Overview of power situation & sugar plant co-generation projects, in India & in

the state of karnataka.6

1.9 Power scenario in karnataka 61.10 Cogeneration 61.11 Bagasse based cogeneration in sugar industry 61.12 Sugar cane as energy crop 71.13 Imports vs. Indigenous production. 81.14 Export Possibility 81.15 Domestic/ Export Markets 81.16 Employment Generation (Direct & Indirect) due to the Project 81.17 Methodology of EIA 81.18 Structure of EIA report 9

CHAPTER NO.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 102.0 Salient features 112.1 Details of Alternate Sites Considered 122.2 Size or Magnitude of Operation 122.3 Summary of the Proposed Plant 192.4 Availability of Water, its source, Energy/ Power requirement 192.5 Project description with process details 202.6 Cogeneration plant – Power Plant 222.7 Land Use Break up 232.8 Water Requirement 252.9 Power requirement & supply / source 272.10 Project cost 272.11 Manpower 27

CHAPTER NO.3 BASELINE STATUS OF ENVIRONMENT 283.1 Site location and surrounding 293.2 Geographical Location & Physical Aspects 333.3 Drainage Pattern 343.4 Geology 353.5 Micrometerology 38

3.5.1 Climate 383.5.2 Wind speed & direction 393.5.3 Ambient Air Quality 433.5.4 Noise Environment 463.5.5 Water Environment 483.5.6 Land Use Pattern 513.5.7 Soil Quality 553.5.8 Flora & Fauna of the Study Area 62

3.6 Earthquakes 733.7 Socio-Economic Baseline 753.8 Industries 75


3.9 Aesthetic Environment 76Sl. no. Contents Page no.

CHAPTER NO.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION 774.0 Environmental impact prediction 784.1 Impact during construction phase 784.2 Impact during operation phase 79

CHAPTER NO.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS 895.0 Environmental impact analysis 905.1 Matrix method 905.2 Check list method 925.3 Expert advice 93

CHAPTER NO.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 946.0 Environment management plan 956.1 During construction phase 956.2 During operation phase 696.3 Rain water harvesting 1016.4 Budget provision for environmental management 1026.5 Implementation of EMP 1036.6 Environnent management Hierarchy 1046.7 Checklist of statutory obligations 1046.8 Environmental organization 1056.9 Environment management cell 1066.10 Consent compliance 1076.11 CSR provision by SSL 107

CHAPTER NO. 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM 1117.1 Monitoring system 1127.2 Laboratory facilities and monitoring plan 113

CHAPTER NO.8 DISASTER CONTROL PLAN 1158.0 Risk assessment 1168.1 Risk assessment process and risk analysis methodologies 1178.2 Hazard identification and risk assessment (hira) 1198.3 Storage of flammable liquids 1198.4 Occupational safety and health 1218.5 Health and safety measures 1298.6 Disaster or emergency control plan 1308.7 Type of disaster at SSL complex 1308.8 Level of accident 1308.9 Site emergency control room (SECR) & site main controller 1318.10 Disaster preventive measures 1318.11 Fire fighting arrangements 1328.12 Alarm system to be followed during disaster 1328.13 Planning 1338.14 Coordination among key personnel of captive power plant 1338.15 Hazard emergency control procedure 135

Project Benefit 142


List of Tables

Sl. no. Contents Pageno.

2.1 Salient features of the Project Site 132.2 Raw Materials requirement for Sugar cane plant of crushing capacity of 10000

TCD & Cogeneration of Power of 60 MWhr19

2.3 Land breakup of the existing plant & after expansion 232.4 Water requirement after expansion 253.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 443.2 Summary of Ambient Air Quality 463.3 Noise Monitoring Stations 483.4 Noise Levels in the study area 483.5 Water Quality sampling Locations 513.6 Summary of Water quality 513.7 Soil Sampling Stations 573.8 Details of Reserved Forest Blocks in Study Area 643.9 Crops in the study area Ann.D3.10 Ten largest families of ferns in the State 633.11 Comparison of Genera & Species 643.12 Phytosociological Studies in the Study Area 653.13 Details of Importance Value Index in Study Area 673.14 List of Mammals Observed in Study Area 683.15 List of Avifauna Ann.D3.16 List of Reptiles and Amphibians observed in the Study Area 683.17 List of Wild animals & their conservation status Ann.D3.18 List of Butterflies observed in study area 693.19 List of Planktonic flora from study area 713.20 Aquatic Ecological locations in study area 713.21 Grading scheme used for ecological sensitivity Ann.D3.22 Ecological Sensitivity of study area 714.1 Stack details of proposed plant 804.2 Summary of the movement of the various types of vehicles during the survey

period87

4.3 Expected Incremental Traffic Density 885.1 Environmental Impact Matrix for the proposed expansion of SSL during

construction phase91

5.2 Environmental Impact Matrix for the proposed expansion of SSL duringoperational phase

91

5.3 Result Sheet for Assessing Checklist 925.4 Result Sheet for Assessing checklist 92

List of Figures

Sl. no. Contents Pageno.

2.1 Map of Karnataka 142.2 Map of Belagavi District 152.3 Google Image with Boundary 162.4 Topographical map showing 10 km radius around project site 172.5 Key Map 182.6 Process Flow chart for Sugar & Cogeneration 232.7 Water Balance for Sugar & Cogeneration after expansion 26


3.1 Location Map 303.2 Topographical map showing 10 km radius around project site 313.3 Google Image with Boundary 323.4 Hydrogeology of Belagavi District of Karnataka state 363.5 Depth to water level pre monsoon, Belgavi district of Karnataka state 373.6 Depth to water level post monsoon, Belgavi district of Karnataka state 383.7 Wind rose plot for Belagavi 40

3.8(a) Windrose Diagram Duration (01-08 hrs, 09-16 hrs & 17-24 hrs) 413.8(b) Windrose Diagram Duration (01-24 hrs) 42

3.9 Average temperatures & precipitation 433.10 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 453.11 Noise Quality Monitoring Locations 493.12 Water Quality sampling Locations 503.13 Satellite Imagery 533.14 Landuse & land cover 543.15 Soil quality Sampling locations 563.16 Status of pH in the soils of Belagavi District 573.17 Electrical Conductivity of the soils of Belagavi District 583.18 Organic Carbon status of the soils of Belagavi district 593.19 Status of P2O5 in the soils of Belagavi district 603.20 Status of K2O in the soils of Belagavi district 613.21 Phytosociological Study Locations 663.22 Aquatic Ecological locations in study area 723.23 Earthquake Zone of Karnataka 744.1 Isopleths of Predicted PM concentration in Ambient Air as per Gaussian Model 814.2 Isopleths of Predicted SO2 concentration in Ambient Air as per Gaussian Model 814.3 Isopleths of Predicted NOx concentration in Ambient Air as per Gaussian Model 81

ANNEXURES

AnnexureNo. Contents Page No

A Copy of Terms of Reference (TOR) 144B Plant Layout 159

CList of Equipment for the Proposed Expansion of Sugarcane Crushing Capacity &

Co-Generation of Power160

D Metrological Data as per IMD Guidelines 161E Socio Economic Data 175F Photographs of Existing Sugar & Cogen 185G Flow Diagram of Existing ETP of Sugar Cogen Complex 186H List of Sugar Industries in Belagavi District 1873A Summary of Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area 1883B Water Quality Data Monitored in the Study Area 1893C Soil Quality Data in Study Area 1933D Details of Flora & Fauna in the study area 194


CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION


1.1. INTRODUCTIONEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a key aspect of many large scale planning applications. It is atechnique which is meant to help us understand the potential environmental impacts of majordevelopment proposals. Unfortunately, both the process and the outcome of EIA can be complex andconfusing leaving local communities unsure as to how a development might affect them. This report isintended as a broad introduction to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The material is drawnfrom regulations, circulars and guidance and is designed to help individuals understand what EIA is andin what circumstances it should be applied. The report is not intended to provide guidance on how toprepare an EIA. The overall theme of this report is to encourage local communities to engage in the EIAprocess. Experts do not always know the best and by ignoring local knowledge their decision may havedisastrous consequence for local people living near development sites.

1.2. Background& Company Details

M/s Shivashakti Sugars Limited (SSL) has acquired an area of 85.36 Acres (34.56 Hectares)in Survey Nos.177 (Part), 178/1A, 178/1B & 178/2 of Saundatti village & Survey Nos. 5/1, 6/1A, 6/1B, 6/2A, 6/2B, 7/2,95/2, 95/3, 98/1A, 98/1B-1, 98/1C, 98/2, 99/1, 99/2, 99/3 & 99/4 & parts there of Yadrav village falling underthe revenue limits of Raibag Taluku, Belagavi district of Karnataka State. SSL is operating a Sugar Plant ofsugar cane crushing capacity of 4800 TCD along a with cogeneration plant of 15 MWhr power. Based on thefeasibility reports & availability of sugar cane SSL has decided to upgrade the sugar cane crushing capacityfrom 4800 TCD to 10000 TCD & Cogeneration of power from 15 MWhr to 60 MWhr at a project cost of Rs.277.28 Crores.

The proposed expansion shall be located within the vacant area of the existing premises.

Name M/s. Shivashakti Sugars Limited

Registered Office204, Shukrawar Peth, Tilakwadi, Belagavi, Karnataka.Pin: 590 006.

Plant Location

Survey Nos. 177 (Part), 178/1A, 178/1B & 178/2 ofSoundatti village & Sy. Nos. 5/1, 6/1A, 6/1B,6/2A,6/2B, 7/2, 95/2, 95/3, 98/1A, 98/1B-1, 98/1C, 98/2,99/1, 99/2, 99/3 & 99/4 of Yadrav village fallingunder the revenue limits of Raibag Taluku, DistrictBelagavi, Karnataka State.

Constitution Limited CompanyBusiness Sugar manufacturing & power generation

1.3. Promoters of the CompanyM/s Shivashakti Sugars Limited is situated at Soundatti & Yadrav villages falling under the jurisdiction ofRaibag Taluku, Belagavi District. M/s SSL is mainly promoted by following three persons:

Dr. Prabhakar B. Kore, Chairman & Managing Director

Dr. Prabhakar B. Kore has experience in various disciplines such as politics, education, agriculture,cooperative endeavours & community building. He was a Member of Rajya Sabha from 1990 to 1996 &Member of Karnataka Legislative Council from 2001-2007. He is a sitting member of Rajya Sabha. He iscurrently the Vice President of Karnataka Pradesh Bhartiya Janata Party & Chancellor of KLE University,Belagavi. He is the Chairman of K.L.E. Society, Belagavi since 1984. He is director of National Federation of


Cooperative Sugar Factories, New Delhi since 1990. He was the Ex-Chairman & Director of ShriDoodhaganga Krishna Cooperative Sugar Factory, Chikodi. Apart from the above he is holding variouspositions in different organizations. He has also received various awards for his work in social & educationalfields.

Mr. Rajkumar Shankarrao Kothavale, Director

He is an Electrical & Mechanical Engineer and graduated from Poona Engineering College. He has over 28years of experience in various capacities in M/s Bharat Forge Limited. He was Vice President (Operations) ofM/s Bharat Forge Limited. During his tenure of service, he has developed various nuclear / air craft forgings.He also served as Managing Director of Rajkumar Forge Limited a forging company.

Mr. Karan Doddawad, Director

He is a Chemical Engineer and graduated from Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur. He is themember of Karnataka Lingayat Education Society & Karnataka Chamber of Commerce. He is also thePresident of Global Lingayat Entrepreneurs & professionals.

SSL has also appointed Mr. S.B. Umarani as CEO for looking after day to day affairs of SSL. He has vastexperience in the sugar sector.

The chairman of SSL is well educated and has experience in running the sugar industry. His huge practicalexperience in sugar & power industries will be immensely helpful in executing and operating the proposedexpansion & fuel ethanol project. SSL has already appointed a technical / managerial team of highly qualifiedengineers, contractors & arbitration experts, agricultural officers and managerial personnel for implementationand operation of the proposed expansion of sugar and cogen power project.

Under the guidance of Dr. Prabhakar Kore, his management team has already carried out several activities inthe command area, including cane development etc.

1.4. STUDY OBJECTIVES

A. Objective

The process of environmental impact analysis serves to meet the primary goal of Parliament in enactingEnvironment Policy Act, 1986 to establish a national policy in favour of protecting and restoring theenvironment. The primary objective of EIA is to disclose the environmental consequences of proposedaction, thereby altering the agency decision maker, the public, and ultimately Parliament and the Presidentto the environmental risk involved. An important and intended consequence of this disclosure is to buildinto the agency’s decision making process, a continuing conscience of environmental considerations.

B. Uses

Environmental impact assessment should be undertaken for reasons other than to simply conform to theprocedural requirements of the law. According to the letter of the law, environment must be assessed foractivities with significant impact. However, the spirit of the law is founded on the premise, that to utilizeresources in an environmentally compatible way and to protect and enhance the environment, it isnecessary to know how activities will affect the environment and to consider these effects early enoughso that changes in plans can be made if the potential impacts warrant them.


EIA provides a vehicle for recording impacts of activities so that knowledge of what adverse changes mayoccur can be recollected and maintained. The purpose of inventory is to ensure disclosures of the impactsso that concerned institutions or individuals will be aware of possible repercussions of the subject activity.

1.5 THE NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTEconomic, social and environmental change is inherent to development. While development aims tobring about positive change it can lead to conflicts. The promotion of economic growth as the motor forincreased well being was the main development thrust with little sensitivity to adverse social orenvironmental impacts. The need to avoid adverse impacts and to ensure long term benefits led to theconcept of sustainability. This is accepted as an essential feature of development if the aim of increasedwell being and greater equity in fulfilling basic needs is to be met for existing and future generations. Inorder to predict environmental impacts of any development activity, to provide an opportunity tomitigate against negative impacts and enhance positive impacts, environmental impact assessment iscarried out.

The proposed project of expansion of sugarcane crushing capacity & increase in cogeneration of powerrequires environmental clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi (MOEF) basedon the EIA notification no. SO 1533 dated 14th Sept 2006 published by Union Ministry of Environmentand Forests. Hence, SSL submitted an application for environmental clearance to State EnvironmentImpact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) Karnataka (duly constituted by MOEF) Bengaluru for theapproval of terms of reference (TOR). TOR was approved during the State Level Expert Appraisalcommittee (SEAC) Karnataka (duly constituted by MOEF) in the meeting held in the month of August2015 held at Bengaluru. SEIAA Karnataka issued TOR, vide letter no. 17, on September 10, 2015.

1.6 NEED FOR THE PROJECT & ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY & OR REGIONIndian Sugar Industry:The world's largest consumers of sugar are India, China, Brazil, USA, Russia, Mexico, Pakistan, Indonesia,Germany and Egypt. Brazil & India are the largest sugar producing countries followed by China, USA,Thailand, Australia, Mexico, Pakistan, France and Germany.

Global sugar production increased from approximately 125.88 MMT (Million Metric Tons) in 1995-1996 to149.4 MMT in 2002-2003 and then declined to 143.7 MMT in 2003-2004, whereas consumption increasedsteadily from 118.1 MMT in 1995-1996 to 142.8 MMT in 2003-2004.

The world consumption is projected to grow to 160.7 MMT in 2010 and 176.1 MMT by 2015.India is predominantly an agro based economy. Sugarcane plays a very vital role in this agro based economyby providing sugar, the main sweetener used in India. With the growing demand for sugar, the emphasis hasbeen on increasing sugar production.

The Indian sugar industry is the country’s second largest agro-processing industry with an annual productioncapacity of over 18 million tonnes of sugar. About 45 million farmers and their families depend directly onsugar industries. Only 2.5 % of the area is under cultivation of sugar cane of total cultivated area in India.

In India the annual per capita consumption of white crystal sugar and that of non-centrifugal sugar is 15 Kgsper annum and 23 Kgs per annum respectively. The annual overall consumption of the centrifugal and non-centrifugal sugar in the country comes to more than 25 million tonnes. Thus, there is vast untapped potentialfor growth in the area of sugar production.


India is a vast country with greatly varying economic patterns and parameters prevailing across the country.Such variations are highly pronounced, particularly between urban areas and rural areas. Income levels varysignificantly. Almost 30% of the population is perceived to be in an extremely low income group. Theeffective per capita consumption of white sugar would work out to 24 kgs and of total sweeteners (includinggur and khandsari) to 32 kgs, about one and half times the world average.

A higher net per capita state domestic product and also a higher proportion of urban population, theconsumption of sugar is significantly higher and compares favorably with developed countries such as theUSA and countries of the EU. In fact, in urban areas of comparatively affluent Indian states like Punjab,Haryana etc., per capita consumption of sugar is substantially higher than even in developed countries.

Due to the switching over from other sweetening agents to sugar, the effect of population growth and increasein per capital consumption, the sugar consumption is likely to increase. Hence, there is a lot of scope forincreasing the Sugar Manufacturing infra Structure. Hence, further addition of sugar manufacturinginfrastructure is envisaged in India.

Further the economical size of the sugar plant is shifting from lower crushing capacity to 10000 TCDconsidering mainly the cost of production & economical self sufficient downstream industries.Considering the declining trend of world beet sugar production, more cane juice/sugar diversion to ethanol,India’s larger agricultural base and irrigation resources etc., India is definitely going to be a major player inworld sugar production.

1.7. DEMAND– SUPPLY GAP OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA

In India, the installed power plant capacity was approximately 1300 MW in 1947 and it is about 120,000 MWin 2006. Power has a significant role to play in industry and agriculture. Power demand increasescontinuously due to increase of the industrialization and per capita power consumption. At present, the percapita power consumption is about 600 KWHr. It is likely to increase to 1500 KWHr in 2016.

At present, the gap between the demand and supply is about 30% during the peak hours. The CentralGovernment has notified on 12-02-05 that the availability of the power demand is to be fully met only by2012. But to achieve, the country has to install 2,000,000 MWhr capacity. Per capita availability has toincrease from the present level of 600 KWHr to 1500 KWHr in 2016. Aggressive attitude of the country togrow in the power field to meet the level of infrastructure demand is required in the competitive internationalmarket.

NEED FOR BIO MASS BASED POWER PLANT

The ever growing energy demand & the steep depletion of fossil fuels have directed us to explore thepossibility of developing other sources of energy particularly from non-conventional renewable energysources, which is also environmental friendly.

Further, it is an undisputed fact that the present level of generation of power from Hydel, Thermal and nuclearsources could not meet the increasing demand due to various problems.

In order to reduce the Green House Gas Emission, the Non-Conventional Energy is to be utilized for thegeneration of electricity. One of the Non-Conventional renewable Energy source is Bagasse. So the Ministry


of Non – Conventional Energy, Government of India encourages Sugar Mills for Bagasse based Co-Generation by increasing the various subsidies.

We have to cross the hurdles such as lower growth rate i.e. around 5% against expected 12 % every year,lower PLF in the range of 75 % on an average, T&D losses varying in various states.In the above scenario the country has to necessarily to come out with innovative options to encourage theenergy conservation measures, increasing the PLF, export of surplus power to the national purpose etc.

1.8. OVERVIEW OF POWER SITUATION & SUGAR PLANT CO-GENERATION PROJECTS, ININDIA & IN THE STATE OF KARNATAKA.

The existing power shortages in peak demand & energy availability are quite higher, compared to the nation.It is necessary for the State Government to tap every possible alternate source of energy, from bio-mass orcaptive power. This is in view of the projections for requirement of power for sustained economicdevelopment of the State and shortages of funds for implementing conventional power projects. Governmentof Karnataka has already acknowledged the grim situation and has decided to promote captive andcogeneration projects in private, joint, public and cooperative sectors.

1.9. POWER SCENARIO IN KARNATAKAKarnataka has been facing shortage of power in the recent years and the power system is a mix of Thermal,Hydel, Gas, Co-generation, and contribution from National Grid. Due to the continuous efforts of KarnatakaPower Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL), the transmission loss, which is about 62 % in somestates, is reduced to 25%. In spite of that there is power shortage.

1.10. COGENERATION

Due to shortage in the power supply during peak hours and also due to the Government policy of supplyingpower to the rural areas on priority, many industries and commercial establishments have started installingcaptive power generation facilities.

Such captive power generation comes under three categories. Category 1 is Cogeneration, which is thesimultaneous generation of process heat and electric power. Category 2 is standby captive generation, mainlyas a back up in the event of utility power failure. Category 3 is the captive generation, used for augmenting oreven substituting the utility power.

Cogeneration increases the overall efficiency of the system and is desirable from the point of view of energyeconomy. It is estimated that such captive generation capacity in the country is about 10% of the totalinstalled utility generating capacity.

1.11. BAGASSE BASED COGENERATION IN SUGAR INDUSTRY

Indian Sugar Industry has to improve the revenue by value addition to the by product. So by CogenerationIndian sugar Industry can be benefited & the revenue per ton of sugarcane can be enhanced. Sugar mills havethe capacity to export about 100 KWHr power per ton cane. This will increase the revenue by Rs. 300 per toncane.

Cogeneration reduces the Green House Gas emission. This will reduce the global warming. So bycogeneration, future generation will also be benefited.


All the Cane sugar plants have been using the cogeneration concept – dual use of energy in Steam, for theirown captive use. But the term “cogeneration” under the present context is used to denote the export of thesurplus power to the grid or for selling to any other third party.

The cogeneration potential in the country in various industries, like petrochemical, paper, sugar, textile,cement etc., is around 12000 MW. Out of this, it is estimated that the potential in the cane sugar factories isaround 4000 MW.

Bagasse based cogeneration has the following advantages.

The bagasse based cogeneration is eco-friendly as pollutants are negligible. Bagasse based cogeneration conserves fossil fuels. There is no need to transport the fuel to the generating station as the fuel i.e. bagasse is available in the

factory itself. It does not increase any foreign exchange outflow, as all the plant and equipment required for setting up

the cogeneration plants are indigenously available. The setting up of the cogeneration plant has a lower gestation period compared to the gestation period of

the conventional thermal plants. It has lower installation and operating costs compared to the conventional fossil fuel thermal power

plants. As the plants will be located invariably in the rural areas, the transmission and distribution losses are very

much minimized. In addition, these plants increase the voltage level of the power supplied to the ruralareas.

Bagasse based cogeneration provides employment to rural folk. The cogeneration plants also improve the financial position of the sugar factories.

1.12. SUGAR CANE AS ENERGY CROP

Sugarcane is a tropical grass belonging to the same genes as sorghum and maize. It is an energy crop and themaximum converter of solar energy into bio-mass.

The trash free millable sugarcane stalk contains about 73% water and 27% solids. Cane contains about 14 %dissolved solids and about 13 % fiber woody fibrous Solids.

The woody fiber of the cane with the unextracted solids and moisture is known as bagasse. It is a residue ofSugar Milling Plant. It is about 30 to 32% of the sugarcane crushed. The bagasse is used as fuel for the boilersin the sugar mills.

Calorific Value of the bagasse depends upon the moisture % in bagasse. It is about 2200 to 2400 kcals per kgof bagasse.

With the selling of surplus power, it is possible to install high pressure energy efficient boilers & energyefficient turbines. More power per ton of cane crushed can be produced. Surplus power shall be exported.Conventional sugar mills generate about 35 KWHr power per ton cane & consume the entire generated powerwhereas the bagasse based cogeneration sugar mills generate about 130 to 140 KWHr power, consume about35 KWHr & export about 105 KWHr power per ton cane. Hence, bagasse based cogeneration increases theprofitability of the Sugar Mills.


Further, Cogeneration plants using bagasse as fuel are eco friendly and have the added advantages ofrelatively low capital cost as well as short gestation period. In addition, the other added advantages are,reduction in the transportation of fuel & reduction in transmission losses. Cogeneration in sugar industriesalso raises a futuristic source in the way of India's self-reliance in the power sector particularly in the ruralareas.

Keeping in view of the above, SSL proposes to expand the sugarcane crushing capacity of sugar plant from4800 TCD to 10000 TCD. Apart from this, SSL shall increase the power generation capacity from 15 MWhrto 60 MWhr in the cogeneration plant.

1.13. IMPORTS vs. INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION.

Of the world’s sugar production of 220 Million Metric Tons, India is expected to have contributed 22 MillionMetric Tons or a mere 10% of the world production.

1.14. EXPORT POSSIBILITY.Export possibility for sugar is totally dependent on government’s policies.

1.15. DOMESTIC / EXPORT MARKETSIndians by nature have a sweet tooth and sugar is a prime requirement in every household. Almost 75% of thesugar available in the open market is consumed by bulk consumers like bakeries, candy makers, sweet makersand soft drink manufacturers. Khandsari sugar is less refined and is typically consumed by sweet makers. Gur,an unrefined form of lumpy brown sugar, is mostly consumed in rural areas, with some quantities illegallydiverted for alcohol production.

Greater urbanization & rising standard of living have sparked of a rising trend in usage of Sugar. Industrialconsumption for sugar is also growing rapidly particularly from the food processing sector & sugar basedbulk consumers such as soft drink and ice cream manufacturers.

1.16. EMPLOYMENT GENERATION (DIRECT & INDIRECT) DUE TO THE PROJECT.Around 250 people shall be employed during construction. SSL shall employ 250 persons during operationalphase for the proposed expansion.

1.17. METHODOLOGY OF EIAThe methodology adopted for the EIA study consisted of following main steps:

A. Identification and Assessment of ImpactsVarious impacts likely to occur due to the proposed project on the environment were identified. Theseimpacts were assessed for their significance based on the background environmental quality in the areaand the magnitude of the impact. All components of the environment were considered, impacts wereevaluated in quantitative and qualitative terms for two scenarios with EMP and without EMP usingmatrix method.


B. Environment Management PlanBased on the impact identified, an appropriate environmental management strategy was developed andpresented in the form of EMP. The EMP consists of the various policies, control measures, etc. forabatement of critical environmental impacts arising out of the proposed project.

1.18. STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORTA brief outline of the report is presented as under-

Chapter 1 IntroductionThis chapter provides information on legislation, Basic Environment Policy, Objective of the study,Project Background, Essentiality of the project and Methodology of EIA study.

Chapter 2 Project DescriptionProject description includes, process technology and specification of the project, description of the plantoperations with infra structure and support services.

Chapter 3 Environment Baseline StatusThis chapter presents the location details and findings of field studies undertaken for variousenvironmental attributes like metrology, air, soil, noise, demography and socio-economic fromsecondary data as collected on above parameters and also for ecology, land use, geology etc.

Chapter 4 Environment Impact PredictionThis chapter incorporates Environment Impact Prediction of proposed mining wherein the impact actionon parameters like air, water, soil, noise, land use, flora, fauna, human settlement, infra structure,employment.

Chapter 5 Environmental Impact AnalysisThis chapter describes the method of impact assessments like Matrix and Check list method.

Chapter 6 Environment Management PlanThis chapter provides the recommendation for environment plan aimed at minimizing the negativeimpacts of the project. The mitigation measures are presented for all the likely adverse impact on theenvironment due to the project.

Chapter 7 Environmental monitoring programThis chapter relates to the activities monitoring of air, water, noise, and soil pollution in buffer zone.

Chapter 8 Risk assessment and Disaster management planDisclosure of Consultant engaged.


CHAPTER 2PROJECT DESCRIPTION


2.0 SALIENT FEATURESLOCATION (MAP SHOWING GENERAL LOCATION, SPECIFIC LOCATION, PROJECTBOUNDARY & PROJECT SITE LAYOUT) WITH COORDINATES.

The Project site is located in Yadrav & Saundatti villages falling under the revenue limits of Raibag Taluku,District Belagavi, Karnataka State with an average MSL of about 560 m. Figure 2.1 shows the map ofKarnataka State. The site falls at 160 31’ 33.29” N Latitude and 740 43’ 19.27” E Longitude. Part of the studyarea falls within the Survey of India Toposheet No. 47 L/10 (Scale: 1:50000).

The study area of 10 Kms radius is covered under Survey of India Toposheet nos. 47 L/10, 47 L/11, 47 L/14& 47 L/15 [1:50000 scale]. Topographical map showing 10 Kms radius is attached as Figure 2.4 & Key mapis attached as Figure 2.5.

The site is connected by broad gauge railway line of South Western railway on Hubli- Miraj section. Nearestrailway line connecting Hubli to Miraj of South Western Railway line is located at a distance of 9.5 kms in SEdirection from the site. The nearest railway station is Raibag which is at 9.7 kms in ESE direction from theProject site. Miraj in Maharashtra is a railway junction situated at 36 Kms in NE direction from the projectsite. Belgaum is the district place & has a major railway station which is at a distance of 78 kms in SSWdirection to the project site.

River Krishna is the major river, experiencing perennial flow is flowing from NW to SE with respect to theproject site and is at a distance of 3.7 kms NW direction to the project site. Savali Halla is at a distance of 7.4kms in Western direction to the project site. Arka Halla is flowing at a distance of 2.7 kms in SW direction tothe project site. Raybag [Raibag] High level branch canal is at a distance of 3.6 Kms in SE direction to theproject site.Nearest Settlements from the project site:

Yadrav– 0.4 km – ESE Saundatti – 3.1 kms – NNW Saundattiwadi Hamlet – Adjacent in N Nava Diggewadi - 2.5kms – NE Kachkawadi – 2.4 kms – E Nandikurli – 3.3 kms –SSW Nasalapur – 3.4 kms –W

The area is well connected by road. The State Highway (SH-12) connecting Sankeshwar to Bijapur is locatedat a distance of 6.0 Kms in Western direction to the project site. The National Highway (NH - 4) connectingBengaluru to Pune is at a distance of 40 Kms in Western direction to the project site. Belagavi is the districthead quarters located at a distance of about 75 Kms in SSW from the project site. The nearest airports areKolhapur airport in Maharashtra state at a distance of 44 Kms in WNW direction & Belagavi airport inKarnataka at a distance of 74 Kms in SSW direction.

Saundatti reserve forest (RF) is at a distance of 0.2 km in Western direction to the project site. Sivaji Park RFis at a distance of 1.9 Kms in SE direction to the project site. Rajaram park RF is at distance of 5 Kms in SEdirection to the project site.

There are no wild life sanctuaries, national parks and elephant / tiger reserves within 10 kms radius of thestudy area.


The existing built up area for Sugar & Cogeneration is spread over an area of 10.142 acres. Existing green beltarea is being developed over an area of 19.943 acres. Vacant area available with the unit is 55.275 acres.

Proposed upgradation of the sugar cane crushing capacity from 4800 to 10000 TCD & expansion ofCogeneration unit from 15 MWhr to 60 MWhr shall be situated in an area of 6 acres within the vacant area ofthe existing premises.

An additional area of 8.53 acres is proposed for green belt. The balance area of 40.745 acres shall be vacantland.

2.1 DETAILS OF ALTERNATE SITES CONSIDERED

The proposed expansion of sugar & cogeneration plants shall come up in the existing premises of thecompany. The area of 10 km radius around the existing premises is free from ecologically sensitive areas. Thefollowing factors have been considered initially.

a. Availability of suitable and adequate facilities.b. Availability of water.c. Proximity to highway.d. Availability of raw materials, man power & land.e. Suitability of land considering geological and topographical aspects.g. Environmental aspects etc.

2.2. SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION.

M/s Shivashakti Sugars Limited (SSL) is operating a Sugar Plant of sugar cane crushing capacity of 4800TCD along a with cogeneration plant of 15 MWhr power. Based on the feasibility reports & availability ofsugar cane SSL has decided to upgrade the sugar cane crushing capacity from 4800 to 10000 TCD &Cogeneration of power from 15 MWhr to 60 MWhr.

The proposed expansion project shall require sugar cane of 10000 MT per day.

SSL has the necessary permission for lifting the water from River Krishna. The wastewater generation shallbe in the form of process wastewater from sugar unit & non process wastewater from cogeneration plant.

The project is based on zero discharge. The wastewater generated from the proposed sugar & cogenerationplant (quantity 1965 KLD) shall be treated & reused for on land irrigation.

The project will be implemented within 12 months after obtaining the environmental clearance. The proposedexpansion will be implemented at a project cost of Rs. 277.28 Crores. Out of Rs. 277.28 Crores, an amount ofRs 45 crores will be spent towards implementation of Environmental Management Plan.


TABLE 2.1 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT SITE

Features PROJECT SITEAltitude 560m above MSLLongitude At 740 43’ 19.27” ELatitude At160 31’ 33.29” N

Village, Taluk, District, StateYadrav & Saundatti Villages, Raibag[Rayabag]Taluku, Belagavi District ofKarnataka

Max. Temp. (0C) 40.0Min. Temp. (0C) 7.7Relative Humidity % 26 to 91Annual rainfall mm 1063.6Land availability 85.36 acres

Topography Slightly undulating

Soil Type Predominantly clayey

Nearest Water bodiesKrishna River – 3.7 kms* – NWSavali Halla - 7.4 kms WArka Halla - 2.7 kms SW

Nearest Highway Bengaluru to Pune 40 kms - WNearest Railway station Rayabag (Raibag) 9.7 kms in ESENearest Villages Yadrav– 0.4 km – ESE

Saundatti – 3.1 kms – NNWSaundattiwadi Hamlet – Adjacent in NNava Diggewadi - 2.5kms – NEKachkawadi – 2.4 kms – ENandikurli – 3.3 kms –SSWNasalapur– 3.4 kms – W

District Place Belagavi – 75 kms - SSW

Nearest Air portsKolhapur airport – 44 kms – WNWBelagavi airport – 74 kms – SSW

Nearest reserve Forest Saundatti RF – 0.2 km - WHistorical places, Monuments, Heritage sites, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, elephant / tigerreserves, Eco Sensitive zones

None within 10 kms radius

*all distances mentioned in the above table are aerial distances


Figure 2.1. Map of Karnataka


Figure 2.2. Map of Belagavi District


FIGURE 2.3. GOOGLE IMAGE WITH BOUNDARY

Direction Latitude LongitudeNorth 16 0 31’ 52.14” 740 43’ 23.06”NW 16 0 31’ 48.65” 740 43’ 20.37”WS 16 0 31’ 32.34” 740 43’ 49.52”WS1 16 0 31’ 32.06” 740 43’ 16.41”WS2 16 0 31’ 22.12” 740 43’ 13.87”SE1 16 0 31’ 14.01” 740 43’ 23.5”SE2 16 0 31’ 29.32” 740 43’ 37.57”SE3 16 0 31’ 30.47” 740 43’ 34.97”E1 16 0 31’ 35.34” 740 43’ 34.77”E2 16 0 31’ 36.67” 740 43’ 41.41”NE 16 0 31’ 48.51” 740 43’ 37.09”NE1 16 0 31’ 47.23” 740 43’ 28.00”




2.3 SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED PLANTTable 2.2. Raw materials requirement for Sugar cane plant of crushing capacity of 10000 TCD &Cogeneration of Power 60 MWhr

Raw Materials Quantity Transportation StorageSugar cane (MT/d) 10000 By tractors/ trucks /

bullock cartsCane Yard

Bagasse (MT/d) (100% heat inputthru’ bagasse mode)Bagasse (MT/d) (85% heat inputthru’ bagasse mode)Coal (MT/d) (15% heat input as anauxiliary fuel along with bagasse )Coal (MT/d) (100% heat input thru’Coal )

2500

1705

120.1

801.0

By return bagasse carrier-do-

By Rail / trucks

By Rail / trucks

Bagasse Storage yard

Coal Storage yard

-do-

Sulphur (MT per month) 140 to 160 By trucks HDPE bags in storeLime (MT per month) 560 to 600 By trucks -do-Caustic Soda flakes (MT/month) 12 to 14 By trucks -do-Sodium Hydro Sulphite(MT/month)

0.9 to 1.0 By trucks -do-

Bleaching powder (MT/month) 0.3 to 0.4 By trucks -do-Boiler chemicals likeantiscalents etc. (kgs/month)

3 to 4 By trucks -do-

Lubricants (Wheel bearing greases,lubricating oils etc.)

10 to 12(KL/month)

By trucks Barrels / Tins in store

Products / By-productsSugar (MT/month) 36000 By trucks Sugar godownsMolasses (MT/month) 12000 Sold as raw material for

distilleryStorage tanks

Bagasse (MT/month) 96000 Reused as fuel for boiler Storage YardPress mud (MT/month) 12000 By tractors/ trucks Storage Yard

2.4. AVAILABILITY OF WATER ITS SOURCE, ENERGY / POWER REQUIREMENT

The existing water consumption in the sugar plant including power generation is 3602m3/day. Of this totalwater requirement of 3602 m3/day, about 3360 m3/day is being met from the cane juice of sugar plant and thebalance requirement of 242m3/day is drawn from River Krishna.

After the proposed expansion, water consumption in the sugar plant including power generation shall be 6205m3/day. Of this total water requirement of 6205 m3/day, about 5487 m3/day shall be met from the cane juice ofsugar plant and the balance requirement of 718m3/day shall be drawn from River Krishna.

SSL has the necessary permission for lifting the water from River Krishna from the irrigation department ofGovernment of Karnataka.

The proposed power requirement of the sugar & cogeneration plant after expansion shall be 15 MWhr. Thisrequirement shall be met from the cogeneration plant and around 45 MWhr shall be exported to the grid.


2.5. PROJECT DESCRIPTION WITH PROCESS DETAILS2.5.1. SUGAR MANUFACTURING PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

Indian sugar industry is engaged mainly in the production of direct consumption commercial plantation whitesugar (99.8 % pure) sugar is produced in vacuum pan factories. BSML shall adopt double sulphitationmanufacturing process for production of sugar. Sugar production process mainly comprises of following fiveoperations.

The process flow diagram of the sugar manufacturing process integrated with power generation process isattached.

1. Extraction of juice (crushing)2. Clarification of juice3. Concentration of juice (juice to syrup) by evaporation4. Boiling of Syrup to grain (crystallization)5. Separation of crystals from mother liquor (centrifuging)

Cane receiving:

The sugar cane in the field is examined for its quality before harvesting and harvesting permits are given afterits quality and maturity is found satisfactory. The sugar cane is then manually harvested and transported tofactory by tractor trailers, trucks and bullock carts. The farmers are supplied with steel wire rope slings to beplaced below the cane in the vehicles to enable unloading by cranes. The vehicles bringing sugar cane arereceived at the factory cane yard.

Sugarcane Weighment:

The vehicles carrying the sugar cane are weighed on the platform type electronic weighbridges and releasedfor unloading. The gross weight is recorded and printed. After unloading the vehicles are once again weighedfor the tare weight. These weights are printed on the weighment slips, which also carry the details of thefarmer, cane etc.

Sugarcane Unloading:

The cart cane is manually unloaded directly to the cane carrier. The cane from the trucks and tractor- trailersare unloaded with the help of cane un-loader crane. The cane is unloaded on to the feeder table.

Sugarcane Conveying:

The cane from the feeder table is then dumped to the main cane carrier, which conveys the cane to the canepreparatory devices. Electronic devices, depending on the cane-crushing rate control the speed of the canecarrier, and level in the cane carrier etc.

Sugarcane preparation:

The sugar cane is passed through the cane preparatory devices called leveler, cutter and fibriser where in thecane is cut into small pieces to expose the juice cells for extraction. The preparatory index is about 85-90 %.

Milling:

The prepared cane then passes through the milling tandem having 4 mills of three roller & necessary feedingdevice. The mills run at about 4.5 to 6.0 RPM driven through hydraulic motors or DC variable speed drives.The mills loaded hydraulically extract juice from the cane and is subjected for the extraction of juice aided bymaceration water and compound imbibition. The cane is conveyed between mills with the help of rake typemechanical conveyors.


Screens then filter the extracted juice and filtered juice is pumped for further processing. The fibrous residueafter juice extraction known as bagasse is withdrawn from the last mill and conveyed through drag type steelconveyors to boiler for steam generation. Surplus bagasse is withdrawn from the conveyor and stored forreuse when necessary. The bagasse conveyor also has return conveyor to feed the stored bagasse.

Juice clarification:

The mixed juice received from milling after filtration is weighed in a juice weighing scale or by a mass flowmeter to know the quantity of juice flowing.

The juice contains certain undesirable impurities, which are removed before it is taken for concentration inevaporators. The juice is first heated to a temperature of 70°C in a tubular type vertical heater by using heat ofvapours from the third effect of a quintuple effect evaporator. The use of third effect vapours resulted in steameconomy. The hot juice is then mixed with lime and sulphur dioxide gas maintaining a pH of 7.0. This processis carried out in a reaction vessel known as juice sulphiter. Any SO2 gas coming out of the vessel is againscrubbed though juice and no gas is allowed to atmosphere.

The treated juice is again heated to a temperature of 105°C in a similar tubular type heater using vapours fromsecond and first effect of evaporators. The heated sulfated juice is then sent to a gravity settler known asclarifier wherein the mud flocs and settles. Chemical settling aids like “Magnafloc, Sedipur or Separan” maybe added to improve settling rate.

The mud settled at bottom of each of the four compartments in the clarifier is withdrawn continuously and isfiltered in a rotary vacuum filter. The filtered mud after washing and removing residual juice in the filter isscraped from the filter drum and sent out. Fine bagasse is mixed with muddy juice as filter aid. The filtratejuice is returned to the raw juice tank and recirculated. The mud is used as manure in fields because of itsnutrient value.

Evaporation:

The clarified clear juice is withdrawn from the clarifier continuously & sent to evaporators after heating thejuice further to 115°C in a plate type heater. The evaporators consist of five evaporator bodies arranged towork in series as a quintuple effect. The exhaust steam or the bled steam from steam turbines at powerhouse issupplied to the first body of the evaporator for heating. The vapours from second body are bled to pans forboiling. The raw juice heating is done with the vapours bled from 3rd effect, sulfated juice with vapours from2nd and 1st effects of the evaporators. This type of quintuple effect evaporation and vapour bleeding achievesgood steam economy. The exhaust steam condensate from the first body is withdrawn & sent to boilercondensate storage tank for use as boiler feed water. The condensate from all other evaporators is withdrawnindividually and sent to hot water storage tank for use in various processes. The clear juice gets concentratedfrom a brix of 15 to 60 % and is withdrawn continuously from 5th body of the evaporators. The syrup thus,obtained from evaporators is passed through a continuous syrup sulphiter wherein SO2 gas is bubbled throughsyrup for bleaching purpose. The spurted syrup is then sent to pan floor storage tanks for further boiling.

Pan boiling:

A three stage boiling scheme is adopted to produce quality sugar with minimum sugar loss. The firstmassecuite (A-massecuite, sugar plus mother liquor) is boiled on hopper seed footing, syrup, melt, and A-lightmolasses. A-heavy molasses is used for boiling B- massecuite & A-light molasses is taken for A-massecuiteboiling. C- Massecuite is boiled using true seed along with B-heavy molasses and C-light molasses forcomplete exhaustion. B-massecuite is boiled using double cured C -sugar magma. This sugar is taken as seedfor A-boiling and surplus is melted and used along with A-light molasses and syrup to boil A- massecuite. Thepans used for A-boiling are low head calandria type batch pans and for B and C boiling are fully automatedcontinuous pans.


Cooling and curing:

The process of crystallization initiated in the pan is completed in the crystallizer (storage tank withmechanical stirring arrangement and air or water cooling arrangement). Air-cooled crystallizers are used forA-massecuite and water- cooled continuous type vertical crystallizers are used for B and C massecuites. A-massecuite is centrifuged in a fully automated high-speed batch type centrifugal machine to separate sugar andmolasses. The sugar is washed with super heated water in the machine to get good quality white crystal sugar.The sugar is then discharged by a plough in the machine and dropped to a grasshopper conveyor. The hopperis provided with facility to dry and cool the sugar before graining. The heavy and light molasses separated inthe centrifugal are sent back for reprocessing at pans.

Continuous centrifugal machines are used for centrifuging B and C massecuites. The B-massecuite is cured incontinuous centrifugal machines to separate B- heavy molasses and B- sugar. B-sugar thus obtained (B-foresugar) is again made into magma with water and cured in a continuous centrifugal machine to separate B-lightmolasses and B- after sugar. Similarly C-massecuite is double cured in continuous centrifugal machines. Thefore-worker molasses is the final molasses, which is sent to steel storage tanks. C-double cured sugar is meltedand used for boiling B-massecuite.

The sugar discharged from A- centrifugal machines is conveyed through grasshopper conveyors whereindrying and cooling arrangements are provided. Sugar then passes through mechanical graders where the sugaris graded as per their sizes to confirm to the IS standard. The graded sugar is then sent to sugar storage binswith the help of bucket elevators. The storage capacity of these storage bins is enough to store 24 hoursproduction. The sugar is discharged from bins to fill 50kg /100 kg bags and weighed automatically byelectronic type automatic weighing machines. The sugar bags are transported to warehouse through beltconveyors. The quantity of sugar produced by a 10000 TCD plant shall be 36000 MT per month at 12%recovery on cane.

2.6. COGENERATION PLANT - POWER PLANT

SSL is currently operating a boiler of 120 TPH capacity with a steam pressure of 110 Kg/cm2. SSL is havinga standby boiler of 85 TPH operating at a steam pressure of 87 Kg /cm2. SSL shall install a boiler of 130 TPHcapacity in the proposed expansion. SSL shall implement the expansion of cogeneration power plant keepingin view of availability of additional bagasse from the Sugar plant.

The expansion of cogeneration plant shall mainly comprise of the following configuration:a. Bagasse / biomass (85% or 100% heat input) & Coal (15% or 100% heat input) fired steam boiler

of 130 TPHb. Turbine generator – 45 MW

Power generation process shall be based on Rankine Steam cycle. The steam generated in the boiler whenexpanded through a turbine, turns the turbine shaft which is tandem coupled to an electric power generator.The exhaust steam coming out of the turbine shall be used for process (heating the juice heaters, evaporatorsand pans).

The process flow diagram for sugar & cogeneration is shown in Figure – 2.6.


Figure 2.6. PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR SUGAR & COGENERATION

8

DMPLANT

BOILER250TPH

STEAM TURBINE

LP EXTRACTION

MP EXTRACTION

COOLINGWATERSUMP

FILTERPRESS

CANEJUICE

MILLHOUSE CLARIFICATION EVAPORATORS

SULPHURMELTING

VACUUMPANS

CRYSTALISERCENTRIFUGES

MOLASSESSTORE

CIRCULATINGWATER SUMP

FILTER CLOTHWASHING

FLOW DIAGRAM OF THE SUGAR MANUFACTURING PROCESSINTEGRATED WITH CO-GENERATION PLANT

MAKEUPWATER

BAGASSE

HP STEAM

POWER –60 MW

COOLING TOWER

BLOWDOWN

PRESSMUD

FILTRATE

LIME

WATER

SUGAR CANESUPPLY

MILL HOUSEWASTEWATER

GREASETRAP

WASHINGS OFFILTER CLOTH

BLOWDOWN

SO2

SULPHITATION

MP STEAM

LP STEAM

SUGAR

VAPOURCONDENSATION

Spillovers andHandling losses

Combinedwastewater

Water

water

Condensate water

2.7 LAND USE BREAK UPTable 2.3. Land breakup of the existing plant & after expansion

R.S.Nos.

Village Areain

Sq.m.

Description of Building GroundCoveragein Sq.m.

Green Beltin Sq.m.

VacantArea inSq.m.

178/1A Soundatti 20546 Main Factory Building 2150 -- --Weigh Bridge Area 606.35 -- --Cane Unloader 1982 -- --Cane Unloader Future 1044 -- --Total Area 5782.35 4087 10676.65

178/1B Soundatti 5170 -- -- 100 5070178/2 Soundatti 5068 15 Days Storage tank 270.5 -- --

Main Factory Building 384.5 -- --Total Area 655 151 4262

177 Part Soundatti 1835 15 Days Storage tank 689 628 518177 Part Soundatti 3981 ETP 1926 876 11796/2A Yadrav 16600 Boiler House 1729 -- --

Bagasse Yard 9288 -- --Total Area 11017 2238 3345

6/2B Yadrav 16600 Admn. Building 346 -- --


Molasses Tank 753 -- --Total Area 1099 8352 7149

98/1/B-1 Part& 98/2 Part

Yadrav 27354 Switch Yard 1952 -- --Total Area 1952 18100 7302

98/1C Yadrav 10952 -- -- -- 10952

R.S.No.

Village Area inSq.m.

Description of Building Groundcoveragein Sq.m.

GreenBelt areaSq.m.

VacantAreaSq.m.

5/1 Yadrav 29356.37 Molasses Tank 251Total Area 251 9938 19167.37

6/1A Yadrav 16600 M B C 428Boiler House 1333Sugar Cooling Tower 273Future Sugar C Tower 273Service Water N Pumps 58Co-gen Cooling Tower 341.47Co-gen Cooling Tower Future 341.47Power House 1696Future Power House 532.5Sugar B Conveyor 270Sugar Godown 768.5Total Area 6314.94 308 9977.06

6/1B Yadrav 16600 D M Plant 1050Future D M Plant 603Sugar Godown 3490Future Power House 534Sugar Belt Conveyor 231Total Area 5908 4192 6500

7/2 Yadrav 30581 -- -- 11437 1914495/2& 95/3

Yadrav 41394.13 D G Set 150.00General Store/ Yard 288.00Evaporation Section 73.44Wash Lagoon 7000.00Boiler House 1950.00Turbine House 600.00PCC Room 360.00Mechanical Work Shop 288.00Chimney 25.00Condensate Polishing Unit 600.00Cooling Tower For Evaporation 160.00Total Area 11494.44 5516.22 24383.47

98/ 1A Yadrav 21465 Injection Pump House Hot &Cold Water

1113

Evaporation Expansion 426.87Main Factory Building 4880.13Bagasse Carrier 854Store Yard 426General Store 448Future Boiler 398Total Area 8546 907 12012

98/1B-1

Yadrav 20241 Future Boiler 2876Total Area 2876 11342 6023

99/1 Yadrav 11132.89 Molasses Storage Tank 908.04Molasses Unloading Pit 40.00Water Storage & treatmentplant

555.41


Total Area 1503.45 500.19 9129.2599/2 Yadrav 13561.89 Total Area Nil 1571.64 11990.2599/3 Yadrav 5971.28 Administration Building 264.46

Total Area 264.46 496.46 5210.3699/4 Yadrav 30564.85 Security Cabin 25.00

Weigh Bridge 150.00Administration Building 135.54GSR 3929.89Dormitory Block 726.52Total Area 4966.95 25597.90

GrandTotal

345574.41 83378.65 80740.51 181455.65

2.8 WATER REQUIREMENTTable 2.4. Water requirement after expansion

Sl. No. Particulars of Water Requirement Consumption m3 / dayWATER IN TO SYSTEM, m3/d

1A Source : Fresh water from river / bore wells 718Usage: Domestic use in factory 40

Laboratory 02For boiler & cooling tower requirements 676

Total 7181B Water intake from cane juice (moisture content) in

sugar cane5487

Total of 1A & 1B 6205Waste water generation: Discharge m3 /day

I From Process ( including Laboratory & floor wash ) 1000.001) Water Treatment Plant reject (Cogen) 85.002) Boiler blow down (Cogen) (2% of 250 TPH) 120.003) Cooling tower blow down (Cogen) 760.00II Total Effluent from sugar & cogen 1965.00III Domestic Sewage 32.00IV Excess Vapour Condensate recycled back 60V Losses

i) Vapour losses to Atmosphere 800.00ii) Vapour & drift loss at bearing (mill & turbine)

cooling water180.00

iii)Vapour & drift loss from cooling tower 670.00iv) Vapour & drift loss from T.G. set cooling tower 110.00v) Steam losses at traps & vent at 1% on cane 100.00vi) Domestic water loss 8.00vii)Vapour loss at crystallization & centrifugation 260.00viii)Flash vapour loss at clarifier 100.00ix) Vapour loss at mill 100.00x) Water Going along with Products & by productsviz. Sugar, Bagasse, Molasses, press mud Losses

1820.00

Total Losses 4148.00Total of II, III, IV & V 6205.00


Figure 2.7. WATER BALANCE FOR SUGAR & COGENERATION AFTER EXPAN

Water Balance Diagram for Sugar & Cogeneration

Fresh water718 cum/d

Domestic

40 cum/dSewage32cum/d

Condensate from canejuice 5487 cum/d

Process &floor wash998 cum/d

Boiler 215 cum/d Blow down

120 cum/d

Cooling watermake up1720 cum/d

Blow down760 cum/d

Condensate CoolingTank

Excess Condensate to recyclesystem 60cum/d

Losses 960 cum/d

Washings998 cum/d

ETP 1000Cum/d

NeutralizationTank 965 Cum/d

Treated wastewater1965 Cum/d

Water Going along with Products viz. Bagasse, Molasses, pressmud & sugar Losses 1820 cum/d

WTP(DM)300 cum/d

River Reject 85 cum/d

Losses 8 cum/d

Laboratory2 cum/d

Vapour & Steam Losses atMill,Vents,clarifier etc. 1360 cum/d

LP Steam to process95 cum/d

378 cum/d

2.8.1 WASTEWATER GENERATION (m3/day)

Sl.No.

UNIT Quantity SegregationExisting After Expansion

A SUGAR PLANT1 Sugar Manufacturing Process & Washings 480 1000 Process WastewaterB COGENERATION PLANT1 Cooling tower blow down 130 760 Non Process

Wastewater2 Boiler blow down 30 1203 DM Plant – regeneration 66 85E DOMESTIC SEWAGE 16 32 Septic Tank & Soak PitTOTAL WASTEWATER 722 1997


2.9 POWER REQUIREMENT & SUPPLY / SOURCE.

The proposed power requirement of the sugar & cogeneration plant after expansion shall be 15 MW. Thisrequirement shall be met from the cogeneration plant and around 45 MW shall be exported to the grid.

2.10 PROJECT COST:The project cost estimates of the present proposal considering new plant and machinery as per standardspecifications, shall be purchased from the approved machinery suppliers in India. Civil construction ofmachinery foundations shall be carried out by the local contractor using locally available constructionmaterials including brick, cement, steel etc. On the basis of present market price and anticipated escalation upto the scheduled date of commissioning, the capital cost of the proposed expansion of sugar plant of canecrushing capacity from 4800 TCD to 10000TCD &cogeneration plant from 15 MWhr to 60 MWhr will bearound Rs. 277.28 Crores.

Sl. No. Particulars Amount in Lacs of Rs.1 Cost of civil work for sugar & cogeneration expansion 150582 Plant & Machinery for sugar & cogeneration expansion 110593 Preliminary Expenses & Preoperative Expenses 9114 Working Capital Margin 700

Total 27728

2.11 MANPOWERThe skilled manpower required for operation of sugar and co-gen power plants will be easily available fromsurrounding areas and from Belagavi city.SSL will require about 250 people for operation of proposedexpansion. SSL is in the process of appointing required manpower and has already appointed key topmanagement positions for the purpose.


CHAPTER 3BASELINE ENVIRONMENT STATUS


The term ’Environment’ is defined under Section 2 (a) of Environment Protection Act - 1986 to include water,air, land and inter-relationship between water, air, land and human beings, other living creatures, plants micro-organisms and property.

Development in all sectors leads to both positive and negative effects on surroundings can create models toothers. In general, any activity of a project can show effects whose timely checking for their impact is a needof the time. Industrialization step has gathered momentum at global level and shown the good as well as badeffects. To check the probability of the damage to any constituent of the environment it is a wise step to getinformation about the present or base line status of the region. It helps to observe advantage of the project onfindings like crop pattern, water drainage, climate changes, damage to fauna, flora as well as silent potential ofthe respective component to make damage. By measuring extent of damage in turn corrective measures tocurtail the mitigations can be applied. Thus salient features of the environment give base line data tounderstand their present status.

Baseline environmental status is very important for predicting the future environmental degradation. Thereforeit is necessary to carry out monitoring of air, water, noise, soil quality and also to know existing flora andfauna, land use pattern and socioeconomic status of the surrounding area from the project site. The baselinestatus of environment is collected in area of 10 Kms radius from the project site. The baseline data is collectedduring the period of October to December 2015.

3.1 SITE LOCATION AND SURROUNDING

Project site is located in Raybag (Raibag) Taluku in Belagavi District of Karnataka State, India. Raybag(Raibag) Taluku Head Quarters is Raybag (Raibag) town. It falls under the jurisdiction of Belagavi Division. Itis located 89 Kms towards North from the district head quarters Belagavi & 579Kms towards North from theState capital Bengaluru.

Raybag (Raibag) Taluku is bounded by Chikodi Taluku towards west, Shirol Taluku in Maharashtra statetowards North, Hukkeri Taluku towards South, and Gokak Taluku towards south. Sadalaga, Mudalagi, Terdal,Gokak, Chikodi are some of the towns situated in the vicinity of Raybag (Raibag) town.

Raybag (Raibag) Taluku consists of 144 Villages and 34 Panchayats. Girinaikwadi is the smallest Village andHarugeri is the biggest village. It is at an elevation (altitude)of 596 m above mean sea level (MSL).

The Project site is located in Yadrav& Soundatti villages falling under the revenue limits of Raybag (Raibag)Taluku of Belagavi District in Karnataka State with an average MSL of about 560 m. Figure 3.1 shows thelocation map of the project site. The site falls at 160 31’ 33.29” N Latitude and 740 43’ 19.27” E Longitude.Part of the study area falls within the Survey of India Toposheet No. 47 L/10 (Scale: 1:50000). The site isplane and no undulations observed. The site is having a gentle slope on south to north and east to west.The study area of 10 Kms radius is covered under Survey of India Toposheet nos. 47 L/10, 47 L/11, 47 L/14 &47 L/15 [1:50000 scale. Figure 3.2 shows the topographical map of 10 Kms radius from the project site. Thegoggle image of the site is shown as Figure 3.3.




FIGURE 3.3. GOOGLE IMAGE WITH BOUNDARY

Direction Latitude LongitudeNorth 16 0 31’ 52.14” 740 43’ 23.06”NW 16 0 31’ 48.65” 740 43’ 20.37”WS 16 0 31’ 32.34” 740 43’ 49.52”WS1 16 0 31’ 32.06” 740 43’ 16.41”WS2 16 0 31’ 22.12” 740 43’ 13.87”SE1 16 0 31’ 14.01” 740 43’ 23.5”SE2 16 0 31’ 29.32” 740 43’ 37.57”SE3 16 0 31’ 30.47” 740 43’ 34.97”E1 16 0 31’ 35.34” 740 43’ 34.77”E2 16 0 31’ 36.67” 740 43’ 41.41”NE 16 0 31’ 48.51” 740 43’ 37.09”NE1 16 0 31’ 47.23” 740 43’ 28.00”


The site is connected by broad gauge railway line of South Western railway on Hubli- Miraj section. Nearestrailway line connecting Hubli to Miraj of South Western Railway line is located at a distance of 9.5 kms in SEdirection from the site. The nearest railway station is Raibag which is at 9.7 kms in ESE direction from theProject site. Miraj in Maharashtra is a railway junction situated at 36 Kms in NE direction from the projectsite. Belgaum is the district place & has a major railway station which is at a distance of 78 kms in SSWdirection to the project site.

River Krishna is the major river experiencing perennial flow, is flowing from NW to SE with respect to theproject site and is at a distance of 3.7 kms in NW direction of the project site. Savali Halla is at a distance of7.4 kms in Western direction to the project site. Arka Halla is flowing at a distance of 2.7 kms in SW directionto the project site. Raybag High level branch canal is at a distance of 3.6 Kms in SE direction to the projectsite.

Nearest Settlements from the project site:

Yadrav– 0.4 km – ESE Saundatti – 3.1 kms – NNW Saundattiwadi Hamlet – Adjacent in N Nava Diggewadi - 2.5kms – NE Kachkawadi – 2.4 Kms – E Nandikurli – 3.3 Kms –SSW Nasalapur– 3.4 Kms – W

The area is well connected by road. The State Highway (SH-12) connecting Sankeshwar to Bijapur is locatedat a distance of 6.0 Kms in Western direction to the project site. The National Highway (NH - 4) connectingBengaluru to Pune is at a distance of 40 Kms in Western direction to the project site. Belgaum is the districthead quarters located at a distance of about 75 kms in SSW from the project site. The nearest airports areKolhapur airport in Maharashtra state at a distance of 44 Kms in WNW direction & Belgaum airport inKarnataka at a distance of 74 Kms in SSW direction.Saundatti reserve forest (RF) is at a distance of 0.4 km in Western direction to the project site. Sivaji Park RFis at a distance of 2.3kms in SE direction to the project site. Rajaram park RF is at distance of 5 Kms in SEdirection to the project site.There are no wild life sanctuaries, national parks and elephant / tiger reserves within 10 kms radius of thestudy area.

3.2 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Belagavi district is located in the north-western corner of Karnataka state. It is a frontier district of the stateand is bounded on the south-west by Goa, on the west north-west and north by the districts of the Ratnagiri,Kolhapur and Sangli of Maharashtra State respectively, on the east by Bijapur district, and on the south by thedistricts of Dharwad and Uttar Kannada. It may be incidentally noted that the jurisdiction of this districtextends over 2 villages (of Belgaum taluku) which are located few Kms away from the district border.

The landscape of Belagavi district mainly consists of vast stretches of plains studded with solitary hills, mostof which are flat topped and are adorned with fortifications. The western fringe particularly in the south is atrelatively higher elevations. The district may be divided into four natural divisions. The western belt which isquite narrow is characterized by rugged terrain. The extreme west is in fact a succession of valleys runningbetween the spurs that stretch out from the Sahyadri range. In this zone, the rainfall is moderate to heavy andthe climate is damp and cool and the vegetation is abundant. The northern belt consists of plateau of poor soilsand is characterized by a dry climate. Amidst the plains there are some low rolling hills which are generally


devoid of tree growth. The banks of the rivers and streams are however flanked with rich black cotton soil.The central belt is separated by the Belagavi hills on the west and further east by succession low sand stoneranges. The Ghataprabha valley which has its origin in the Western Ghats changes here into the waving plainsbroken by lines of low hills. The southern belt presents a mixed landscape, while the lands of west ofMaharashtra valley are covered by rugged hills and forests, the lands in the eastern zone are more open andconsist of level ground broken by gentle slopes and an occasional mass of granite. Black cotton soil is thepredominant type of soil noticeable in this belt. Towards the east the terrain is broken by low hills on whichstand the remnants of old forts. The slopes of most of these hills are covered with brush wood and prickly pearand at several places these slopes have been brought under cultivation as well.

Two great spurs, which may be identified as the North Ghataprabha and North Malaprabha, cross Belagavidistrict from west to east and form the watersheds that divide the Ghataprabha basin from the Krishna basin inthe North and Malaprabha basin in the south. The North Ghataprabha spur rises near Savantwadi inMaharashtra and runs through the district as far as Chikodi. Of the numerous hills in this range, a mentionmay be made of the following : Vallabhghad (170 meters ), Adigudda ( 192 meters ), Julapengudda (222metres ), Nagarahalgudda (260 meters ), Jogigudda ( 272 meters ) and the Naagarapanchamigudda (119metres). The North Malaprabha spur starts from Jolkat pass, 35 kms west of west of Belgaum and rises into ahigh ridge near Kasargudda. Besides these two principal ranges, there are three other spurs of someimportance. These are Mahipalgad ridge about 16 kms north-west of Belgaum, the Bailur ridge about 22 kmssouth-west of Belagavi and the Jamboti ridge about 16 kms west of Belgaum. The Mahipalgad ridge is about915 metres high and the ascent is easy. The Bailur ridge is a table-topped mass and represents the highestpoint in the district (1064 metres MSL). The Jamboti ridge has the peak of Kiruvalegudda or Gorakhnath hill(640 metres MSL). In addition to these spurs, there are several detached hills in different parts of the district.The chief hills in the northern zone around Athani are: Junapalagudda (305 meter above the plains).Bagedgydda (813 metres MSL ). Manikere ridge ( 750 metres MSL) and Katgarugydda ( 867 meteres MSL ).In the southern tracts, a mention may be made of the following hills: Bhimgad (rugged in terrain and fortifiedrises 550 meters above the plains and consists of a double line of broken hills), Dongaragaviguddam,Samshergudda and Bijangigudda besides Deshnur jos, Bailhongal hills, Saundatti hills and the Parasgad hills.

3.3 DRAINAGE PATTERN

The Krishna, the Ghataprabha and the Malaprabha are the principal rivers which flow across the district fromwest to east and drain the waters in its northern, central and southern tracts respectively. The Krishna river hasits fountainhead in the temple of Mahadev at the foot of the steep hills that form the Mahadev range in therange in the Western Ghats north of Mahabaleshvar. The river, which has a total length of 1400 Kms traversesthrough the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Within Belagavi district, however, the riverflows for a distance of about 70 km only. On entering the district near the north-eastern corner of Yedurvillage, the river flows south-west and then takes a U turn, receives the waters of the Doodhganga whichflows from the west and flows eastwards along the southern borders of Yedur, Manjari and Ingali villages ofChikodi taluku. Thereafter, the river forms the natural boundary between the taluks of Athani and Raybag cutsacross Athani taluku and again it forms the natural boundary between Athani taluku and Jamakhandi taluku ofBijapur district. In Raybag taluku, it receives the waters of Halhalla from the south and in Athani taluku, theAgrani rivulet flows into it. The Krishna finally leaves the district near Junjarwad in the south-eastern cornerof Athni taluku. The Ghataprabha originates in Sundargad in the Western Ghats, flows east for about 60 kmsthrough Maharashtra State before it touches the southern borders of shettihalli village of Hukkeri taluku andcontinues its eastward course, forms the natural boundary between Hukkeri and Belagavi taluks and thenproceeds in a north-eastern course across the taluks of Hukkeri and Gokak covering a total distance of about70 kms before it leaves the district near Awaradhi village. This river receives the waters from Tamraparni,Markandeya and Hiranyakeshi rivers. Near Gokak town Ghataprabha cuts through a range of sandstone hills


and cascades down a cliff, about 53 metres; high, to form the famous Gokak Falls. The waters of this riverhave been harnessed for the purposes of irrigation by erecting a weir near Dhupdal and a dam near Hidkal.The Malaprabha rises in the Chorla Ghats near Kanakumbi, about 16 kms west of Jamboti village ofKhanapur taluku. The river flows east for about 20 kms, turns south-east and after covering about 13 kmsgradually takes an almost north-eastern course and cuts across the taluku of Sampagaon, Parasgad andRamdurg. About 6 kms north of Saundatti-Yellamma town, the river passes through a gorge known as ‘Peacock Gorge ‘ or ‘ Navilu Tirtha.’ Near this spot, a dam has been built across the river to form a largereservoir for storage of water for the purposes of irrigation & drinking. Before the river leaves the district nearSangal it receives the waters of Bennihalla, Tuparinala and a few other streams. In addition to these threemajor rivers, the district has several small rivers and streams of considerable importance. Markandeya riverwhich rises near Bailur in Khanapur taluku is an important tributary of the Ghataprabha. Doodhaganga whichoriginates in the Western Ghats in joined by Vedaganga and finally flows into river Krishna near Yedur. TheSogal stream rises near Sogal in Parasgad taluku, passes through a depression in quartzite ridge and formswhat is popularly known as the Sogal falls before it joins river Malaprabha. Mahadayi is the only west-flowing river of the district. It has its origin near Degaon village of Khanapur taluku, receives the waters ofBhandurnala before it enters the Goa territory, where it assumes the name Mandovi and finally flows into theArabian Sea.

3.4 Geology

The rock formations of the district chiefly consist of the Dharwars, gneisses, Kaladagi series and the Deccantrap. The Dharwars are mostly seen in the western parts of Khanapur and also in the taluku of Belagavi andSampagaon of Bailhongal taluku. These rocks are represented by schists, phyllites, quartzites and bandedferrugenours quartzites. The gneissic system consists of different types of granite and gneisses whichultimately give rise to clay. Rock formations belonging to this system are found in the southern parts of thedistrict. The Kaladagi series are represented by sandstone, quartzite, conglomerates, hematite, dolomite andlime stone. Sandstone and quartzite are particularly noticeable in the taluks of Ramdurg, Parasgad, Gokak andBelagavi in the form of low ridges. The Deccan Traps occupy a major portion of the district, especially in thenorthern and eastern parts. The chief varieties found here are the basalt, amygdaloidal trap, vesicular trap andthe clayey trap. The upper layers of the trap are generally capped by beds of late rite and clay. The economicminerals found in the district include iron, manganese, bauxite, limestone and clay besides sand and stonewhich too are being commercially exploited.

3.4.1 Hydrogeology

Water table generally follows the topography of the area and is at greater depths in the water divides andtopographic highs, but becomes shallower in the valleys and topographic lows and therefore, groundwatermoves down and follows the gradient from the higher to lower elevations, that is, from recharge area todischarge area. Therefore, local direction of flow is from higher elevations & is towards the rivers. Overall,the general flow direction of ground water in the district is generally towards the east.The district is underlain by gneisses, schist, limestone, sandstone, basalts, alluvium etc. of Archaean toRecent age. Deccan basalts cover an area of 7,650 Sq. Kms. in the northern part of the district and have amaximum thickness of around 256 m, which gradually thins out in the southern direction (Kindly referto Figure-3.4).


Figure 3.4. Hydrogeology of Belagavi district of Karnataka State

Hard rocks occupy a major part of the district; majority of which are basaltic lava flows. Most of these rockshave poor capacity of storing and transmitting water, except through favorable zones and at favorablelocations. Aquifer systems encountered are therefore limited in nature. Ground water occurs both in weatheredand fractured zones. Ground water occurs in all weathered formations of the district under phreatic conditionsand in fractured and jointed formations under semi-confined conditions. Deccan basalts act as multilayeraquifers having low to medium permeability. In Deccan basalts that comprise different flows, fractures andinterstitial pore spaces of vesicular zones, are good repositories of ground water. Groundwater occurs underphreatic conditions in weathered zone of these basalts and under semi-confined to confined conditions ininter-trapeans and also in joints and fractures at deeper levels. In limestone, solution cavities are considered tobe more potential than weathered and fractured ones. In gneisses and schist, weathered zone varies from 7 to12 m and water-bearing zones extend down to 80m. The aquifers occurring within the shallow depth range of0 to 20 m below ground level (bgl) are mainly weathered and fractured formations. Groundwater occurs inthese formations under phreatic conditions and the average thickness of these aquifers ranges from 5 to 15m.In general, 60% area of the district is having the weathered thickness in the range of 5 to 10 m. About 25% ofthe district area has weathered thickness in the range of 10 to 15m and 15% in the range of 15 to 20m.

In the major parts of the district, the decadal mean of depth to water level generally ranged between 5 to 20 mbgl (Kindly refer to Figure-3.5). During pre-monsoon period 8%, 28%, 37%, and 27% of the wells had depthto water level ranges between 0-2, 2-5, 5-10 and 10-20m bgl respectively (Figure-3.5). There was a rise ofwater level in 30%, 20% and 30% of the wells during post monsoon period i.e. in the range of 0-2, 2-4 andmore than 4m respectively.


Figure 3.5. Depth to Water level pre monsoon, Belagavi district of Karnataka State

On the other hand 12%, 5% and 3% of the wells showed a fall in water levels in the ranges of 0-2, 2-4 andmore than 4m respectively. Therefore, more than half of the district had depth to water level between 2-5mbgl during post-monsoon period and the overall depth to water level in the district was between 0 to 10m bgl,except in a small strip towards southern part of Ramdurg taluk where it is more than 10m bgl (Figure-3.6).

The long-term pre-monsoon water level trend (1996-2010) shows a rise in 53% of the wells, while there is afall in 47% of the wells. On the other hand during post-monsoon period, 68% of the wells show falling trend,while there is a rising trend in 32% of the wells. Over all the annualised trend shows a fall in 61% of the wellsand rise in 39% of the wells.

Based on the pumping test data of the dugwells, it is inferred that there is a progressive increase in thepermeability exceeding >100m/ day in the water table phreatic zones of basaltic aquifers towards the east,even though the area falls in the northern dry and transitional zone having low to moderate rainfall. Similar isthe case with other lithologic units. On the other hand in Khanapur taluk, though it falls in high rainfall hillzone agro-climatically, the permeability of the principle water table aquifers of schists and gneisses rangefrom < 25 to 50m/ day. Analyses of Pumping test data of exploratory borewells show that wells have yieldeddischarges in the range of 0.02 to 7.58 liters per second (lps) and the draw down ranged between 0.068 to32.44 m. The transmissivity (T) computed was between 1 and 2220 m2/day.


Figure 3.6. Depth to Water level post monsoon, Belagavi district of Karnataka State

3.5. MICROMETEROLOGY

3.5.1. Climate

Belagavi is well known for its pleasant climate throughout the year, but the last few years, summers (Aprilthrough June) have been warmer than usual. It is at its coldest in winter (November to February), andexperiences continuous monsoon of medium intensity during July to September. The annual average rainfall is50". The climate of Belagavi district is, by and large, quite healthy and agreeable. Within the district, theeastern zone has a dry climate characterized by a hot summer. The Khanapur-Belgaum zone has a moisterclimate. The year is usually divided into four seasons. The period from March to May is reckoned as thesummer season and usually April happens to be the hottest month. During this month, the mean maximumtemperature reaches 35.7 degrees Celsius and the mean minimum touches 19.5 degrees Celsius. On individualdays, at times the mercury touches the mark of 41 degrees Celsius. During May, the oppressive heat isrelieved by sharp showers. The rainy season starts during June and lasts till the end of September. During Mayand June, the nights are warmer than in April. The months of October and November are regarded as themonths constituting the post-monsoon season which is noted for heavy fogs and misty mornings. Winter setsin during December and lasts till the end of February. December is the coldest month of the year and on


individual days the minimum temperature would be as low as 7 degrees Celsius. This period coincides withthe driest part of the year and the skies are usually bright and clear.

3.5.2. Wind Speed and Direction

A temporary auto weather monitoring station was installed to record meteorological parameters. Wind speed,Wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation on hourly basis continuously for the postmonsoon season 2015, covering the months of October 2015, November 2015 and December 2015 on hourlybasis.

Wind speed & wind direction data recorded during the study period were used for computation of relativepercentage frequencies of different wind directions. The meteorological data thus collected has been used forinterpretation of the existing Ambient Air Quality status, & the same data has been used for prediction ofimpacts of future scenario due to the proposed project.

Percentage frequencies of wind in all the sixteen directions have been computed from the recorded data ofpost monsoon season 2015 for wind speed in the range of 1.01 -5.0, 5.01-10.0, 10.01-15.0 and > 15 Kmph.Wind speed of 0.0 to 1.0 Kmph was considered as calm condition During the study period the wind roses wereplotted at an interval for 8 hours (01 to 08hrs, 09 to16 hrs and 17 to 24 hrs) and 24 hrs (01 to 24hrs).

Figures 3.8(a) & 3.8(b) represent the wind pattern of the study period.

Wind Pattern during 01:00 to 08:00 hours

The predominant wind directions during these hours were from the NNE-NE-ENE-E-SE accounting to about38.08 % of the time with calm winds of less than 1.0 kmph was about 37.24% of the time. Wind speed duringthis period was varying from 1 to 10 kmph and some part of the time it is more than 10 kmph.

Wind Pattern during 09:00 to 16:00 hours

The predominant wind directions during these hours were from the N-NNE-NE-ENE-E accounting to about40.32 % of the time with calm winds of less than 1.0 kmph for about 11.76 % of the time. Wind speed duringthis period was varying from 1 to 10 kmph and some part of the time it is more than 15 kmph.

Wind pattern during 17:00 to 24:00 hours

The predominant wind directions during these hours were from the NNE-NE-ENE-E-ESE accounting to about37.54% of the time with calm winds of less than 1.0 kmph for about 26.36 % of the time. Wind speeds duringthis period were varying from 1 to 15 kmph.

Wind pattern during 01:00 to 24:00 hours (Post monsoon 2014)

The predominant wind directions during the season were from NNE-NE-ENE-E-ESE, accounting to 34.27%of the time with calm winds of less than 1.0 kmph for 28.36% of the time. The average wind speed during thisperiod varied between 1 and 15 kmph.The summary of the wind pattern is given below:

SUMMARY OF WIND PATTERNDuration (Hrs) Predominant wind direction Wind rose enclosed as01:00 to 08:00 NNE-NE-ENE-E-SE Sector

Figures 3.8(a) & 3.8(b)09:00 to 16:00 N-NNE-NE-ENE-E Sector17:00 to 24:00 NNE-NE-ENE-E-ESE Sector01:00 to 24:00 NNE-NE-ENE-E-SE Sector


Figure 3.7. Wind rose plot for Belagavi


Figure – 3.8(a)WINDROSE DIAGRAM

PROJECT : SHIVASHAKTI SUGARS LIMITEDLOCATION : PLANT SITE PERIOD : POST MONSOON – 2015


Figure – 3.8(b)WINDROSE DIAGRAM

PROJECT : SHIVASHAKTI SUGARS LIMITEDLOCATION : PLANT SITE PERIOD : POST MONSOON – 2015


Figure 3.9. Average temperatures & precipitation

Temperature (in oC) monitored at site during the period October to December 2015

Months Maximum Minimum Relative Humidity %October 34.1 19.3 77/41November 33.8 19.2 78/35December 37.1 16.1 87/43

3.5.3. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

In order to identify the background air quality data and also to represent the interference from various localactivities, screening techniques have been used for identification of air quality stations in the study area. Thescenario of the existing Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) in the study region has been assessed through a networkof six AAQ stations during the study period i.e. post monsoon season 2015 within an area of 10 kms radiusand around the proposed project site.

The AAQ monitoring network has been designed keeping in view of the available climatological norms ofpredominant wind direction & wind speed of this particular region.

The following points were also taken into consideration in designing the network of sampling station:

Topography / Terrain of the study area Populated areas within the study area Residential and sensitive areas within the study area. Representation of regional background levels Representation of cross sectional distribution in downward direction.

The existing AAQ status has been monitored for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and CO. PM10, PM2.5, at each stationhave been monitored on 24 hourly basis. CO was monitored on 8 hourly basis.


Precalibrated Respirable and Fine dust samplers have been used for monitoring of the existing AAQ status.Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were, as per the approved methods of Central PollutionControl Board (CPCB). Maximum, minimum, average and percentile values have been computed from theraw data collected at all individual sampling stations to represent the ambient air quality status of the studyarea.

[A] IDENTIFICATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS

Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed through a network of 6 ambient air quality locations.These stations are designed keeping in view of the climatological conditions of the study region. Figure 3.10shows the locations of the air quality stations in the study area and Plant area. The following Table – 3.1 givesthe details of ambient air quality locations:

TABLE – 3.1AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

Sl.No.

Stations Distance fromplant site Kms

Direction w.r.tplant site

Stationrepresentation

A1 Plant Site - - -A2 Saundatti 3.1 NNW UpwindA3 Yadravi Adjacent N DownwindA4 Nava Diggewadi 2.5 NE CrosswindA5 Kachkawadi 2.4 E DownwindA6 Hanabarahatti 3.3 SSW Downwind

[B] ANALYSIS OF BASELINE CONCENTRATIONS

PARTICULATE MATTER – PM10

Particulate matter- (PM10) monitored in the study area showed 98th percentile values in the range of 48.6 to53.0 µg/m3. The PM10 concentration in the study area was found to be well within the norms of NAAQprescribed for Rural and residential areas.

PARTICULATE MATTER – PM2.5

Particulate matter- (PM2.5) monitored in the study area showed 98th percentile values in the range of 21.8 to26.0µg/m3. The PM2.5 concentration in the study area was found to be well within the norms of NAAQprescribed for Rural and residential areas.

SULPHURDIOXIDE - SO2

98th percentile value of Sulphur dioxide in the study area from the monitored data was in the range of 7.8 to9.6 g/m3. The values of SO2 monitored in the study area are well within the limits of NAAQ standards.

OXIDES OF NITROGEN - NOX

Ambient air quality status monitored for nitrogen oxides in the study area were in the range with 98thpercentile values between 9.5 to 11.4g/m3. The values of NOx monitored in the study area are well withinthe limits of NAAQ standards.



Carbon Monoxide - CO

CO concentration at all the locations was found to be less than 1 ppm. Percentile values of ambient air qualityin the study area are presented in Annexure -3A. The values of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, & CO are monitoredat all locations are well within the limits of NAAQ standards specified for Industrial, Residential, Rural andother areas.

C OVERALL BASELINE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Results of the ambient air quality at all the above locations were found to be well within the limits of NationalAmbient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards specified for Residential and industrial areas. Concentrations ofPM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx & CO are mainly contributed due to vehicular traffic and local activities.

The 98th percentile values of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx at all the locations in the study area during post monsoonseason 2015 are given in Table - 3.2.

TABLE - 3.2Summary of Ambient Air Quality (g/m3)

CODE Location Name 98TH PERCENTILE VALUESPM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 NOx

A-1 Plant Site 52.2 26.0 8.5 10.7A-2 Saundatti 48.6 25.4 9.1 11.4A-3 Yadrav 49.4 22.0 9.6 10.4A-4 Nava Diggewadi 50.3 23.5 8.8 10.2A-5 Kachkawadi 51.2 22.7 7.8 9.5A-6 Hanabarahatti 53.0 21.8 9.4 10.9

Note: CO values are observed less than 1 ppm during study period.

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF RPM

The following is the chemical characterization of the RPM collected in the study area

Values in %ageLoss on Ignition 15.95 -16.28Silica as SiO2 50.82 - 52.25Iron oxides as Fe2O3 7.92 - 10.13Aluminium Oxide as Al2O3 15.73- 21.34Calcium Oxide as CaO 10.10 - 11.33Magnesium Oxides as MgO 2.76 - 3.06Sodium Oxide as Na2O 0.23 - 0.55Potassium oxide as K2O 0.45 - 0.62Titanium Oxide as TiO2 0.28 - 0.31

3.5.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The acoustical environment varies dynamically in magnitude and character throughout most communities.The noise level variation can be temporal, spectral and spatial. The residential noise level is that level belowwhich the ambient noise does not seem to dropdown during the given interval of time and is generallycharacterized by unidentified sources. Ambient noise level is characterized by significant variations above abase or a residential noise level. The maximum impact of noise is felt on urban areas, which is mostly due tothe commercial activities and vehicular movement during peak hours of the day.


Measured noise level displayed as a function of time provides a useful scheme for describing the acousticalclimate of a community. Noise levels recorded at each station with a time interval of about 30 minutes arecomputed for equivalent noise levels. Equivalent noise level is a single number descriptor for describing timevarying noise levels.Noise level is measured in terms of loudness of sound. Sound is a form of energy thatpropagates through an elastic medium at a speed that is determined by the properties of that medium. Sinceloudness of sound is important to the effects of noise on people, dependence of loudness upon frequency mustbe taken into account in environmental noise assessments. Several methods have been developed byresearchers using the frequency spectrum of sound arrive at the loudness index or the given sound. Thesemethods are more complied and time consuming than required for most situations. Therefore simplifiedtechniques have been developed to account for the dependence upon frequency. This is done by the use ofweighting filters in noise measuring instruments, which give direct reading of approximate loudness.

Most common weighing filters are called A, B, C frequency weighings. ‘A weighing’ is most commonly usedfor environmental noise and measurement of sound pressure level. These measurements are reported in dBA(A weighted decibels). Sometimes these units are reported as dB(A) or dB - A) but dBA notation is mostcommonly used.

The equivalent noise level is defined mathematically as follows:

10Log1/T (10Ln/10)

Where L = sound pressure level a function of time dB (A)T = Time interval of observations

Noise levels during the night time generally drop, therefore to compute Equivalent noise levels for the nighttime, noise levels are increased by 10 dB (A) as the night time high noise levels are judged more annoyingcompared to the day time.

3.5.4.1. AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area was to establish the baseline noise level, which isneeded for assessing impact of total noise which is expected to be generated in the proposed project activities.

At SSL sugar cane crushers, compressors, pumps, mills, bagasse handling equipment, generators and variousmaterial handling equipments as well as process operations will produce noise. Noise produced by theseequipments will be in the range of 100 to 120 dB(A), which is continuous in the crushing season.

SSL has significant noise level impact only on the operators of various machineries. This is because the site islocated in remote and isolated area.

Residual noise level is that level below which the ambient noise does not seem to drop during a given timeinterval and is due to more distant and generally unidentified sources. Median and Peak noise level are theaverages and highest noise level during a given time interval.

Noise levels were measured near highways, residential areas, calm zones and other settlements located within10 km radius around the Plant area. Noise levels were monitored at 6 villages in the study area of 10 kmradius. Noise levels monitored at these locations were analysed in terms of Residual, Medium, Peak,Equivalent, Daytime and Night Time Noise Levels

The noise recording stations in the study area are shown in Fig- 3.11 and are given in the following Table -3.3.


TABLE - 3.3. NOISE MONITORING STATIONS

Code Station Distance FromPlant site (Km)

Direction wrtPlant Site

N1 Plant Site - -N2 Saundatti 3.1 NNWN3 Yadravi Adjacent NN4 Nava Diggewadi 2.5 NEN5 Kachkawadi 2.4 EN6 Hanabarahatti 3.3 SSW

3.5.4.2. AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS - WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS

Noise levels recorded were found to be in the range of 49.7 - 53.6 dB (A) during daytime and in the range of38.5 - 43.1 dB (A) during night time.

TABLE - 3.4. NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA (10 KMS RADIUS)

CODE LOCATIONSNOISE LEVELS IN dB (A)

Day Equivalent (Ld) Night Equivalent(Ln)N1 Plant Site 52.3 43.1N2 Saundatti 50.6 39.8N3 Yadravi 53.1 42.9N4 Nava Diggewadi 53.6 41.6N5 Kachkawadi 51.8 39.3N6 Hanabarahatti 49.7 38.5

3.5.5. WATER ENVIRONMENTThe assessment of baseline data on water environment includes:

Identification of surface and ground water sources Collection of water samples Analyzing the collected water samples for physico-chemical & biological parameters

3.5.5.1. WATER QUALITY

The assessment of water quality in the study area includes, the quality assessment of the water samplesverified against the Indian Standards mentioned in the IS 10500 (Drinking Water Standards).

08 water samples have been collected from different bore wells and surface water bodies located at variousvillages located within the 10km radius of the Plant site. Out of 08 samples, 06 samples were collected frombore wells and 2 samples from surface bodies. The stations identified for sampling represent the relativelypopulated area. The location of water sampling stations is shown in Fig-3.12 and Table-3.5.




TABLE - 3.5. WATER QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS

SAMPLING STATIONS With respect to the plant siteCode Location Source Distance (kms) DirectionGW -1 Plant Site

Bore wellWater

- -GW -2 Saundatti 3.1 NNWGW -3 Yadravi Adjacent NGW -4 Nava Diggewadi 2.5 NEGW -5 Kachkawadi 2.4 EGW -6 Hanabarahatti 3.3 SSWSW -7 Arka Halla Water Surface

Water2.7 SW

SW -8 Krishna River 3.7 NW

The summary of the water quality collected at all location is given below.

TABLE - 3.6. SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY

Sl.No. Parameters

Groundwater

samples

Surfacewater

samples

Drinking Water StandardsIS-10500

DesirableLimits

PermissibleLimits

1 pH 7.75-8.07 7.84-8.20 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.52 TDS, mg/L 735-1205 425-650 500 20003 Total Hardness, mg/L 305-590 175-305 300 6004 Chlorides as Cl, mg/L 83-363 75-128 250 10005 Fluoride as F, mg/L 0.90-1.10 0.70-0.90 1.0 1.56 Sulphates as SO4, mg/L 45-156 69-104 200 4007 Total Coliform, MPN/100

mlNil Nil Should be

absentShould be

absent

Water sample collected showed compliance of all parameters with the drinking water standard of IS 10500.The water quality data of the study area is given in Annexure – 3 B.

3.5.6. LAND USE PATTERN3.5.6.1. Land use land cover studies;

The scope of the study involves preparation of the land use/ land cover details of the buffer zone within the10km study area using Topo sheet & satellite imagery, delineating the features and calculating the areas.

3.5.6.2. Tools and Resources:

In order to meet the project requirements, following satellite & Topo Sheetsdata for the study area have beenprocured.

Source NRSCSatellite IRS Resource Sat 2Sensor LISS IIIPath/ Row 91/61Spatial Resolution 23.5mDate of Pass Jan 2015Survey of India 1:50,000 Scale Topo sheets D43U10, D43U11, D43U14, D43U15


3.5.6.3. Software: The limitations of Remote Sensing Image Processing, Geographical information System,Cartography, and GPS area applicable in this study.

3.5.6.4. Pre-Processing of Data;

The digital image processing has been performed using ERDAS imagine software. The ground truthing hasbeen performed with Garmin E-traxs GPS .

The IRS R2 LISS III Satellite data has been geometrically corrected with respect to survey of India Toposheet. To carry out the geo-referencing, ground control points (GCPs) were identified on the maps and rawsatellite data. The coefficients for two co-ordinate transformation equations were computed based onpolynomial regression between GCPs on map and satellite data. Alternate GCPs were generated till the RootMean Square (RMS) Error was less than 0.5 pixel and then both the images were co-registered.

This IRS R2 LISS III Satellite data has been used for the Land use land cover analysis of Buffer zones. Thesatellite image is analyzed digitally by the method of unsupervised classification with necessary Groundtrouthing using the reference map as well as GPS instruments.

3.5.6.5. Land use (LU) / Land cover (LC) Classification

Digital image processing was carried out to delineate various land use/ land cover categories in 10 Km radiusarea, viz built up area, crop areas, with or without scrub water bodies by giving necessary training sets wereidentified based on tone, texture, size, shape pattern and location information. Necessary care has been takento identify proper land use class, where there is conflict between signatures of various classes. The interpretedmap was verified on Google earth at limited points and final land use / land cover map was prepared.

3.5.6.6. Various land use classes considered;

The buffer zone can be broadly identified in to Buit-up areas, agriculture areas and other land with or withoutscrub, water logged area, and Barren rock area. The definition of various land use classes are given below.

Agriculture Area: The areas where farmers cultivate for two seasons (Rabi & Kharif) in a year

Scrub Forest : Forest with tree canopy coverage between 1-10 %

Waste Lands:

Areas with/ without scrub: generally waste lands non agriculture, non forest areas covered with or withoutscrubs.

Barren lands: Land without any usage and without scrubs and sometimes they are rocky exposed areas.

Built-up: the villages/ colonies/ Industries will be shown in this class

Water bodies: the oceans, rivers, streams, lakes tanks, reservoirs, canals etc will be identified in this class.

Land utilization pattern as per satellite imagery:

From the satellite imagery it can be seen that most of the land in the study area i.e. 73.78% falls underagricultural land. About 70.88 % Cultivation land and 2.98 % of the land is currently fallow. about 20.95% ofthe land is waste land ( Forest Scrub, Barren & land with/without scrub). Others like, built up area, river/water body occupies 05.27% of the study area. Satellite imagery & land use land cover map are enclosed as3.13 & 3.14.


Figure 3.13


Figure 3.14


Sl. No. LU / LC Description Area in Ha % of total area1 Built up Area 888.83 2.73

2 Agricultural Area 23119.49 70.88

3 Current Fallow Land 965.11 2.96

5 Forest Scrub Land 11.84 0.04

6 Barren Rock 159.65 0.49

7 Others/Waste land 1954.76 5.99

8 Land with scrub 4295.83 13.17

9 Land without scrub 411.22 1.26

10 Waterbody 317.94 0.97

11 River 491.84 1.51

32616.493.5.7. SOIL QUALITY

The soils of the district are essentially derived from the underlying basalt and under different climaticconditions have variations in texture and structure. They vary from deep black soil in the river valleys toshallow murum red or grey in the hilly area. Laterite soils occur up in the ghats. The Medium deep soils occurin the area of the district where the rainfall is low. They are reddish brown in colour and have clayey textureand granular to blocky structure. This soil is quite fertile and good for crops like groundnut and sugarcane.Except in certain packers, the soils have good drainage. In general, the soils are good for sugarcane cultivationconsidering the yield of sugar cane and sugar content. The pH of the soil is 7.5 to 8.3 and found to respondwell to fertilizer application. The soils of Belagavi district can be broadly classified into red soils and blacksoils. By & large, black soils predominate the Deccan trap terrain & the red soils are formed in the southwestern & south eastern part of the district in the Gneissic terrain. These soils can be grouped into sevencategories.

1. Shallow black soils: These soils occur in Deccan trap region and to some extent are also developed inschist, shale and lime stone terrains. They are greyish to dark greyish brown in colour, with clayey texture.

2. Medium black soils: These soils are predominantly derived from the Deccan traps and occupy large parts ofthe district. They are dark greyish brown to very dark greyish brown with clayey texture.

3. Deep to very deep Black soils: Occupy large tracts in Deccan trap terrain along the Krishna river & also inthe gneissic terrain. These soils are dark greyish-brown to very dark greyish brown in colour and have clayeytexture & occur in plains or lands having gentle slopes. These soils exhibit wide cracks in summer.

4. Mixed red and black soil: Occur in Northern parts of the district. They are reddish-brown to dark greyishbrown in colour with silty clay to clayey loam textures.

5. Red loamy soils: These soils occur as small strips in the valleys adjacent to the Western Ghats. They areloamy to silty loam in texture.6. Lateritic soils: Occur at high levels as insitu in deccan terrain and at low levels as transported. They are redin colour.

7. Alluvial soils: These are developed over the alluvium deposited by the Krishna river and its tributaries.These are very local in distribution. They are composed of coarse sand, Sandy loam and loams.

Seven soil samples were collected within 10 kms radial distance of the study area and were analyzed to studythe soil quality. Fig-3.15 and Table- 3.7 shows the location of soil sampling stations.



TABLE - 3.7. SOIL SAMPLING STATIONS

StationCode

Station Aerial distance from theplant site (Kms)

Directionw.r.t Plant Site

S1 Plant Site - -S2 Saundatti 3.1 NNWS3 Saundattiwadi Hamlet Adjacent NS4 Nava Diggewadi 2.5 NES5 Kachkawadi 2.4 ES6 Nandikurli 3.3 SSWS7 Nasalapur 3.4 W

The following are the highlights of soil quality in the study area:

STUDY AREA

pH of the all soil samples were found to in the range of 7.98-8.40 Soluble salts were found to be in the range of 340-1170 mg/kg. Organic Carbon content of the soil samples was found to be 0.48 –0.80. Soils in the area were found to be sandy clay loam in texture with sand percentage in the

range between 61-81 %, silt between 7-16 % & Clay 4-23 %. Chloride content of the soil samples were in the range of 65-290 mg/kg

Results of soil sampling analysis are given in Annexure – 3 C.

Figure 3.16. Status of pH in the soils of Belagavi district


Figure 3.17. Electrical Conductivity of the soils of Belagavi district


Figure 3.18. Organic Carbon Status of the soils of Belagavi district


Figure 3.19. Status of P2O5 in the soils of Belagavi district


Figure 3.20. Status of K2O in the soils of Belagavi district


3.5.8 FLORA & FAUNA OF THE STUDY AREA

3.5.8.1. INTRODUCTION

Vegetation-Environment complex based on the mature ecosystem having interaction with climatologicalaspects on a particular edaphic system, leads to identification of certain patterns of the forest or vegetationcomposition. Whittaker has stressed that neither mono-climax nor poly climax govern either the distributionof vegetation units or their stability in space and time. For climax vegetation, he asserts that the pattern ofpopulations should correspond to the patterns of environmental ingredients that occur as a partially stabilizedsteady state of climax forest or vegetation.

3.5.8.2 OBJECTIVES OF FLORA AND FAUNA STUDIES

The objectives of the present study were undertaken with a view to understand the biologicalresources. The details mainly consist of 10 kms radius study area around proposed project site.

The objectives of the study were to:

Generate baseline data from field observations; Compare the secondary data generated with authentic past records to understand changes;

3.5.8.3. METHODOLOGY FOR THE SURVEY

The study for the ecological studies covers:

To assess the floristic and faunal composition in and around project site Identification of sensitive locations or protected areas as per Wildlife Protection act, 1972.

To accomplish above objectives, a general ecological survey covering the study area was carried out. Thesurvey includes:

Reconnaissance survey for the selection of sampling sites; Compilation of secondary data; Generation of primary data to understand baseline ecological status, important floristic and

faunal elements, sensitive habitats and rare species; Generation of data from local villagers about importance & status of plants & animals.

3.5.8.4 SECONDARY DATA FROM PUBLISHED LITERATURE

The state of Karnataka is situated on the lower west-coast and on the Western edge of Deccan plateau with anarea of 1, 92,204 sq. kms. The state lies between 110 40’ and 180 27’north latitude and 740 and 780 33’ eastlongitude which forms the centre of Western peninsular India. The state of Karnataka can be divided into twodifferent regions viz. Malnad and Maidan. The Malnad is hilly region comprising mostly the districts likeBelagavi, Chikamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Hassan, Kodagu, Shivamogga and Uttar Kannada. Partof Dharwad district also comes under this.

A few notable peaks in the state are Mulaingiri in the Bababudan range (2150), Bababudangiri (2071m),Kalhattigiri (2052m) and Kudremukh (1827m) all in Chikamagaluru district and Tadiandamol (1744m)Pushpagiri (1713m) and Brahmagiri (1608 m), all in Kodagu district.

The vegetation of Karnataka is of diverse type due to topography, soils and bio-climatic ranging from tropicalwet evergreen to thorny scrub jungles. Out of 1, 92204 sq.km of total area, the forest cover is about 38,724sq.kms (18% of the total area). The evergreen forest is seen at an altitude ranging from 600 to1000 m on thewindward side of the Western Ghats. The moist deciduous, dry deciduous and scrub jungles are seen fromleeward side and at the lower slopes to the intermediate areas to the east of Western Ghats and further north-east areas of the state.


Dry Deciduous Forest

This type of forest is seen towards the east of moist-deciduous forest occupying major remaining areas of thestate like Ballari, Bidar, Bijapur, Chitradurga, Gulbarga, Bengaluru, Kolar, Raichuru, Tumkuru districts andeastern section of Chikamagaluru and Dharwad districts. The dry deciduous forest is found in small blocksalmost throughout the above districts. The rainfall in this area ranges from 35 to 75 cm. The canopy of theforest is open. The trees are leafless during the dry months.

The common trees are Acacia chundra, Anogeissus latifolia, Buchanania lanzan, Boswellia serrata,Cochlospermum religiosum, Gmelina arborea, Hardwikia binata, Lannea coramandalica, Shorearoxburghiana, Sterculia urens and Tectona grandis etc. A few climbers like Celastrus paniculata, Combretumovalifolium, Cryptolepis buchanani, Sarcostigma acidium and Ventilago denticulate etc. are present.

Scrub Forest

These are very open & are composed or widely scattered trees generally varying from 5 to 7 m and havethorny and hard wood predominant species of which Acacia sp are very characteristic. Trees are short boled,stunted and branched low. The forest comprises of few mixed species and do not form marked plantcommunities. Shrubs & climbers are more in number. The main components are Acacia chundra, A.latronum,A.leucophloe, A.nilotica, Albizia amara, Chloroxylon sweitenia, Dichrostchys cineria, Diopyros melanoxylon,Euphorbia nivula, Givitea rottleformis, Prosopis cineraria, Soymida fabrifuga, Zizyphus oenoplia andZizyphus xylophora etc. and climbers Cardiospermum halicacabum, Coccinia grandis, Cocculus hirsutus,Corallocarpus epigaeus, Hemidesmus indicus, Leptadenia reticulate, Rivea hypocrateriformis, & Wattakkavolubilis etc are generally seen.

Floristic Diversity

In Karnataka state, approximately 3849 species under 1328 genera belonging to 199 families are reported. Outof these 2838 species and 94 infraspecific taxa are under 1025 genera and 161 families of dicots, while 1009species and 60 infraspecific taxa are under 301 genera and 36 families of monocots. The gymnosperms of twofamilies viz. Cycadaceae and Gnetaceae are represented by the genera Cycas & Gnetum with one species eachrespectively.

Under Pteridophytes, ferns in Karnataka are represented by 152 species belonging to 67 genera under 29families besides, 21 species belonging to 5 genera under 5 families of fern allies. The ten larger families in thestate are as presented in Table-3.10 and comparison of genera and species in Karnataka state and India arepresented in Table-3.11.

TABLE-3.10. TEN LARGEST FAMILIES IN THE STATE

Family Genera Species Infraspecific TaxaPoaceae 119 386 26Fabaceae 66 274 14Asteraceae 80 177 05Orchidaceae 52 175 03Euphorbiaceae 50 169 03Acanthaceae 48 166 09Cyperaceae 22 157 15Rubiaceae 43 137 03Lamiaceae 23 96 0Convolvulaceae 16 75 02


TABLE-3.11. COMPARISON OF GENERA AND SPECIES

Family Number of Genera/SpeciesKarnataka India

Leguminaceae 103 167Poaceae 119 264Asteraceae 80 166Orchidaceae 52 184Euphorbiaceae 50 84Acanthaceae 48 92Cyperaceae 22 38Rubiaceae 43 113Lamiaceae 23 72Convolvulaceae 16 28

3.5.8.5 LIST OF FOREST BLOCKS IN STUDY AREA

Details of Reserve forest blocks in study are presented in Table-3.8. The common trees are Acacia chundra,Anogeissus latifolia, Buchanania lanzan, Boswellia serrata, Cochlospermum religiosum, Gmelina arborea,Hardwikia binata, Lannea coramandalica,Ficus, Terminalia sp, Sterculia urens and Tectona grandis etc. Afew climbers like Celastrus paniculata, Combretum ovalifolium, Cryptolepis sp Buchanania , Sarcostigmaacidium and Ventilago denticulate etc. are present.

TABLE-3.8DETAILS OF RESERVE FOREST BLOCKS IN STUDY AREA

S.No Name of Forest Block Distance (inkm)

Direction

1. Saundatti Reserve forest (RF) 0.2 km West2. Sivaji Park RF 1.9 km South East

3.5.8.6. PRIMARY SURVEY

Based on the physical setting and the kind of distribution of flora and fauna, the study area can be classifiedinto cropland, forest land, terrestrial vegetational structure and aquatic eco sytems.

CROPLAND ECOSYSTEM

This is also known as man-made ecosystem or artificial ecosystem because of man tries to control bioticcommunity and physical environment. The common crops in crops land ecosystem in study area are Oryzhasativa, Saccharum officinarum, Eluceana coracona, Zea maze, Triticum vulgare, Pennesitum glaucam,Sorghum vulgare, which are mainly dependent on rainwater during monsoon season, canal irrigation and alsothrough ground water source, tubewells, open wells during non-monsoon season. In this crop land ecosystemin addition to the crop raised, a number of weeds like Cynodon dactylon, Euphorbia hirta, Cyperus rotundus,Digetaria sp and Alyscicarpus sp also contributing to the primary production. Apart from that commercialcrops like ground nut, sunflower gossypium and several vegetable red chillies, Brinjal, Bhendi and leafyvegetable crops could also grown in this region. The details of staple crops and commercial crops in studyarea are presented in Table-3.9 of Annexure-3D

TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM

Natural vegetation is mostly restricted to herb layer having drought resistance. Other than herb layer the areais almost devoid of major forest type tree except agroforestry types and commercial plantations such as


Eucalyptus hybrid, Acacia leucophloe, Leucena leucophloe and Cocos nucifera. Phoenix aculis, Azadirachtaindica, Ficus sp,Acacia sp and Zizyphus jujuba which are mainly restricted to waste and culturable wastelands and in case of near villages and in case of agriculturural lands, Enterolobium sp, Dalbergiasissoo,Delonix regia, Peltoforrum ferrusinum, Albizia procera, Albizia lebbeck, Dalbergia sissoo, Cocosnucifera, Terminalia catapa, Psidium guava, and Tamarindus indica are predominant. About 340 plantspecies were recorded from 79 families during study period in 10-km radius of from project boundary. Thedetails of natural vegetation in study area are presented in Table-3.9 of Annexure-3D.

FOREST AREASTwo forest state blocks are present in study which are mainly dry decious forest type and open scrub areamainly comprised Acacia sp and list of forest plants are presented in Table-3.9 of Annexure-3D

CRYPTOGAMIC VEGETATIONThe area shows many algae, fungi, bryophytes and ferns. Algae are present in aquatic bodies or in marshy places.Fungi, particularly from ascomycetes and basidiomycetes are located on ground or epiphytically. Lichens ofcrustose, foliose and fruticose types are present on different substrates (Lichens, Ascomycetes andBasidiomycetes could be observed near old building tops, old walls of the houses). Bryophytes occur in wet areasand occasionally on barks of trees and old walls of houses. The commonly observed bryophytes are given below.The identified list of bryophytes and pteridophytes in study area are presented in Table-3.9 of Annexure-3D.

3.5.8.7 PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES-PRIMARY SURVEYThe floristic composition assessment of the study area has been planned to evaluate by:Phytosociological studies were carried out by using least count quadrant method. Trees and shrubs weresampled by taking quadrates of 100m2 and in case of herbaceous vegetation of 1 m2 distributed randomly.Their girths (GBH at 132 cm from the ground) were recorded. The data obtained was further used to estimateRelative Frequency, Relative Density, Relative Basal area and calculated Importance Value Index(IVI). Fourlocations were identified in study area and details are presented in Table-3.12.The location map of ecologicalstudies is presented in Figure-3.21.

TABLE-3.12PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN STUDY AREA

S. No. LocationCode

Name of the location Distance fromplant site(in km )

Direction fromplant site

1 T-1 Saundatti 3.1 NNW2 T-2 Saundattiwadi Hamlet Adjacent N3 T-3 Nava Diggewadi 2.5 NE4 T-4 Kachkawadi 2.4 E

Note: At each sampling location the protocol adopted to collect primary data were trees-10quadrates of 10X10 m and herbs-10 quadrates of 1 mX1

3.5.8.8 IMPORTANCE VALUE INDEX AND SPECIES DIVERSITY INDEX

The Importance Value Index (IVI) is a statistical quantity which gives an overall picture of theimportance of the species in the vegetative community. It considers the relative values of density,frequency and basal area of every species in given area. It thus incorporates three importantparameters which are measures of diversity and productivity of every species. In any communitystructure, the quantitative value of each of the frequency, density and basal area and basal cover hasits own importance. But the total picture of ecological importance cannot be obtained by one of thesevegetation structure in respect to varying environmental factors can also be studied through suchstudy of basal area, density and frequency of the community. The Importance value index as such,gives the total picture of sociological structure of species in a community but it does not give thedimension or share of relative values of frequency, density and dominance. The dominant plantspecies observed in all sampling locations are Tephrosia purpuria, Tridax procumbens, Calotropis sp,Eupatorium sp.



Diversity means variety or variability. Species diversity therefore refers to the variation that exists amongthe different living forms. Species indicates the extent of biodiversity in the ecosystem. Species diversityis a statistical abstraction with two components. These are the number of species or richness and evennessor equitability. For better understanding of plant diversity, the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity wasused. The index considers two important characters of vegetation, i.e. floristic richness and proportionalabundance of the species. Diversity index is increases with the floral spectra ( more species means thatmore wide species diversity) that show that undisturbed scenario of ecosystem. The index is given as;

H' = - sum (Pi ln Pi)

Where Pi = Proportional abundance of the I th (individual) speciesH’= Shannon-Weaver diversity index

The highest Importance value index of studied plants in study area recorded in location of T-3 (50.2)for studied population and lowest IVI recorded in location of T-4(2.350) during study period. Thespecies diversity varies between 2.35 and 2.82 in studied population and highest was recorded in T-3(Near village Nava Diggewadi ) and lowest in T-4 (Village Kachkawadi). Importance value index andthe species diversity indices for four sampling locations are presented in Table-3.13.

TABLE-3.13. DETAILS OF IMPORTANCE VALUE INDEX IN STUDY AREA

Code Location Range of IVI Diversity IndexT-1 Saundatti 3.5-42.4 2.45T-2 Saundattiwadi Hamlet 5.2-48.6 2.65T-3 Nava Diggewadi 4.2-50.2 2.82T-4 Kachkawadi 6.5-43.4 2.35

3.5.8.9 RARE, ENDANGERED AND ENDEMIC PLANTS IN STUDY AREA

On the basis of literature survey, from Red data books of Indian plants, detailed list rare and endangeredplant genera of Karnataka particularly with reference to Belagavi district reveals that there are noendangered, threatened, rare plant species observed or recorded during study period and this plant speciesis quite commonly present in dry deciduous forest type.

3.5.8.10 TERRESTRIAL-FAUNAINTRODUCTION

Wildlife being an important strand in the complex food web in most of the forest ecosystems, its statussymbolises the functioning efficiency of the entire ecosystem. The forest management therefore, cannot beisolated from wood exploration and wild life conservation in the same vulnerable vegetation complex. Just aswild flora needs special treatment for preservation and growth, wild fauna as well deserves specificconservatory pursuits for posterity. Unfortunately, our past efforts had been unscientific in rearing andpreserving our valuable heritage resulting in dwindling of many interesting species, which the nature hadbestowed on us. Wild animals move from one place to another place in search of food, water and other basicneed. During the period, wild animals may visit the villages for search of food.

PRESENCE OF PROTECTED AREAS AS PER WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT1972 IN STUDYAREA

As per Ministry of Environment and forests and Forest department of Government of Karnataka statenotifications reveals that there are no biospheres, tiger reserves, elephant reserves, national parks, wildlifesanctuaries, conservation reserves and community reserves in 10-kms radius from project site boundary.


PRIMARY SURVEY-FAUNA

Primary field monitoring studies were carried out through physical observations and also collected datafrom elderly persons of the area and forest officials of Athani, Raibag & Chikodi forest departments.

MAMMALS

There are several minor carnivorous and herbivorous wild animals in the study area. The commonly observedor reported mammals during study period are presented in Table-3.14.

TABLE-3.14. LIST OF MAMMALS OBSERVED IN STUDY AREA

S.No. Technical Name Local name Distribution1. Herpestres edwardsinyula Common Mongoose Observed during study period2. Lapus nigricollis Indian Hare Observed during study period3. Rousettus leschenaultia Fruit Bat Observed during study period4. Bandicota benghalensis Bandicoot Observed during study period5. Bandicota indica Rat Observed during study period6. Funumbulus palmarum Squirrel Observed during study period7. Mus rattus Indian rat Observed during study period8. Hystrix indica Porcupine Observed during study period9. Mus musculus Common Mouse Observed during study period10. Macaca mulata Monkey Observed during study period11. Sus sucrofa Wildbear* Recorded from forest area12. Presbytis entellus Langur Observed during study perid13. Vulpes bengahlensis Fox Observed during study period

* data collected through interactions with local elderly personnel and forest officials of respectiveforest ranges

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES

Amphibians were noticed mainly in fresh water and marshy places. Frogs and toads were present in thisarea. No tailed amphibians were cited in the survey. Table-3.16 gives the details of different amphibiansand reptiles in the study area.

TABLE-3.16. LIST OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OBSERVED IN STUDY AREA

S.No Technical Name Local Name DistributionReptiles

1. Varanus sp* Tree monitored lizard Recorded in study area2. Naja naja* Nagarahavu Recorded in study area3. Hemidactylus sp House Lizard Observed in study area4. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Observed in study area5. Chameleon zeylanicus Lizard Observed in study area6. Sitana ponticeriana Lizard Obsereved in study area

Amphibians7. Rana tigrina Common frog Observed during study period8. Bufo melanosticus Toad Observed during study period

* data collected through interactions with local elderly personnel and forest officials of respectiveforest ranges.


LOCAL/ MIGRATORY BIRDS IN STUDY AREA

The list of avifauna observed during study period are presented in Table-3.15 of ANNEXURE-3D.

BUTTERFLIES

The list of identified butterflies from study area are presented in Table-3.18.

TABLE-3.18. LIST OF BUTTERFLIES OBSERVED IN STUDY AREASl.No. Technical Name Local name Distribution1 Euploca cora - Common2 Euploca crassa - Common3 0euploca dicciotianua - Common4 Graphium agamemnos Tailed jay Common5 Papilo polymnstor Blue mormon Common6 Junonia atlites Grey pansey Common7 Juninia almanac Peacock pansey Occasional8 Pelopides assemensis - Common9 Polytrema discreta - Rare

* data collected through interactions with local elderly personnel and forest officials of respectiveforest ranges

ENDANGERED ANIMALS

A comprehensive Central Legislation namely Wild Life (Protection) Act was enforced in 1972. This law isenacted to provide protection to wild animals and for all matters related to their ancillary or incidental death.Schedule-I of this Act contains the list of rare and endangered species, which are completely protected throughoutthe country. The recorded or observed list of wild animals and their conservation status as per Wild Life Act(1972) are presented in Table-3.17 of ANNEXURE-3D.

PRESENCE OF SPAWNING, BREEDING, NESTING OR NURSERY OF TURTLES & OR OTHERAQUATIC ANIMALS IN STUDY AREA.

On the basis of field observations and interactions with elderly people of the area, literature survey revealsthat no aquatic animals have spawning, breeding, nesting or nursery of Turtles and other aquatic animals instudy area.

MANGROVES

On the basis of field observations and literatures reveals that no mangrove species are reported or observed instudy area.

3.5.8.11 AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

Protecting the environment and making efficient use of natural resources are two of the most pressingdemands in the present stage of social development. The task of preserving the purity of the atmosphere andwater basins is of both national and global significance since there are no boundaries to the propagation ofanthropogenic contaminants in the water. An essential pre requisite for the successful solution to theseproblems is to evaluate ecological impacts from the baseline information and implement effectivemanagement plan.


PLANKTON STUDIES- PRIMARY SURVEYPLANKTON STUDY

Environmental bio-monitoring and associated assessment technique is a new and rapidly expanding field. Thebiological species specific for a particular environmental conditions are the best indicators of environmentalquality. This includes different biological species such as phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria.

Studies on biological aspects of certain ecosystems are important in environmental impact assessment in viewof the conservation of environmental quality and safety of natural flora and fauna including human beings.Information on the impact of environmental stress on the community structure serves as inexpensive andefficient early warning and control system to check the effectiveness of the measures to prevent damage to aparticular ecosystem. Thus the quality and quantity of plankton obtained in any water body is an indicator ofthe physico-chemical quality of water as well as type of water body. The estimation of following parametersof plankton community structure in a water body is thus helpful as indicator of the quality of water.

Generally total biomass increases with the increase in nutrients and BOD content of water and vice versa andserves as a good indicator of eutrophic status of water. Organisms have been identified as indicator species instandard publication according to increasing trophic levels of an aquatic environment. Similarly manyorganisms have been listed to favour certain physico chemical and presence of certain groups is alsoindicative of trophic conditions.

Diatoms, desmids and dinophyceaen members are indicative of clean water conditions. Increasing dominanceof diatoms, ciliates, flagellates, chlorophycean and cyanophycean species indicates progressively increasingtrophic conditions. Presence of Euglenophyceae indicates high eutrophic conditions. Planktonic rotifers areusually more abundant in fresh water than estuarine waters. It is believed that when crustacean and insectwhen out number other groups the situation reflects the enriched organic conditions of water. Thus, of certainorganisms help in classifying water body in trophic levels on knowing its physico chemical characteristics.

In general, fresh water planktonic waters mostly dominated by phytoplankton particularly byBacillariophycean members followed by Chlophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cyanophyceae species. Zooplanktoncontains Protozoa, Rotifera and Microcrustacea species. The main producers in a water body are algae. Thecomposition of phytoplankton communities and the relative abundance of component species undergo spatialand temporal changes due to climatic conditions, nutrient availability and biological interactions.

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR COLLECTION OF PLANKTON

Biological assessment studies were conducted by collecting plankton samples from the surface waters toassess the primary productivity of the water ecosystem. The details of Planktonic sampling locations arepresented in Table-3.20. The plankton samples were collected from two sampling locations by using planktonnet. The filamentous algae and debris were avoided by filtering through the plankton net. The collectedsample was condensed to 100 ml by filtration and the samples were preserved using pinch of Rose Bengal and80 ml of 4% formaldehyde solution. The aquatic ecological locations are depicted in Figure-3.22.

For the measurement of frequencies of various forms of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton, one drop of thesedimented plankton was mounted on a micro-slide and as many as 20 different microscopic fields situated atmore or less even distances from each other were examined and number of individual organisms are counted.The Plankton forms were identified up to species level and expressed as organisms per milliliter of the sampleand Shannon Weavers species diversity index was calculated for each sample.Diversity Index

Diversity of plankton depends on physico-chemical characteristics of water especially on trophic levels inoligotrophic waters. With increasing levels of pollution such as mesotrophic or eutrophic conditions diversityof plankton decreases. Shannon Weaver index is a measure of diversity of plankton, which takes into accountthe total count of individual species count in a water samples and is expressed as follows:


Where

n

n

n

nd 1

101 log

n1= number of individuals of each individual species in the sample.n= total number of individuals of all species in the sample.

It should also be noted that diversity is also susceptible to other parameters such as turbidity, colour, nutrientsand flow rates etc., particularly in hilly rivers. A widely accepted ecological concept is that community withlarger number of species i.e. with high diversity will have high stability that can resist adverse environmentalfactors. The maximum value of Shannon weaver index of phytoplankton for clean waters has been reported tohave been by 6 though it may differ slightly indifferent locations. Decrease in the value of index may thus betaken as indicator of pollution. The index values three and above for zooplankton is generally considered asindicators of healthy conditions of water bodies. The values between 1 and 3 and less than one are believed tobe for mild and highly polluted conditions respectively.

TABLE-3.20 AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA

S.No. Name of water body Distance & direction from project site in KmsAS-1 Krishna River 3.7 flowing from NW to SEAS-2 Savali Halla 7.4 in WestAS-3 Arka Halla 2.7 in SW

3.5.8.12 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSPLANKTONPHYTOPLANKTONAbout 33 algal species were recorded from the sampling locations out which are mainly belong to Chlorophyceaefollowed by Bacillariophycean meberes. Pennate diatoms comprise of Gomphonema sp, Fragillaria sp, Naviculasp, Pinnularia sp, Nitzschia sp, and Pleurosigma sp and etc.

About 16 zooplankton species are recorded from all the sampling locations. Chydorus reticulatus andCeriodaphnia are observed in all the sampling locations. Diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton variesbetween 2.37- 2.98 and 2.32.-2.67 respectively. The highest diversity index for phytoplankton and zooplanktonwas reported in Arkahalla (AS-3) (2.98 and 2.2.67) and lowest in Savali halla (AS-2, 2.37 and 2.32) Based onthe diversity index and these water can be classified as Mesotrophic in nature and slightly enriched with nutrientsdue to inflow of nutrients from catchment area and recycling nutrients from sediments. The list of recordedplanktonic flora from study area is presented in Table-3.19 of Annexure-3D.

3.5.8.13 ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY OF STUDY AREA

Details of ecological sensitivity of study area are presented in Table-3.22. The data of grading scheme usedfor assessment of ecological sensitivity is presented in Table-3.21 of Annexure-3D.

TABLE-3.22. ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY OF STUDY AREAS.No. Parameters Grade1 Wildlife importance( endangered species*) 252 Floral endeminicity 253 Faunal endeminicity 254 State of terrestrial vegetation 05 State of wetland vegetation 106 Legal status 07 Conservation importance 25

Total(700) 110*Species included in Schedule-I & II of Wildlife protection Act,1972. Maximum possible score isgiven in parenthesis



3.5.8.14. Summary

Flora and fauna studies were conducted during study period to assess the existing biological resources in andaround the project site. Secondary data was collected from various departments like forest and irrigationdepartment and published literature. Phytosociological studies were conducted in selected locations in andaround project site, surrounding villages, open lands, waste lands and forest blocks in study area. Acacia sp,Terminalia sp, Tectona grandis, Tamarindus indica, Acacia nilotica, Delonix regia, Dalbergia sissoo,Eucalyptus sp, Parthenium hysterophorus, Cassia occidentalis, Calotropis procera, Ageratum conyzoides arepredominant when compared to tree shrub and herb, populations. In addition to the above plants,

The wide variety of herbaceous members and presence of less number of woody members reflects that thestudy area is an un-disturbed agroclimatological ecosystem. Presence of large number of therophytes andphanerophytes (shrubs and trees) indicates tropical vegetation structure. The uniformity of herbaceousmembers and luxuriant growth of herbal population is due to southwest monsoon rains and fertility of soil instudy area.

Faunal assessment studies were also conducted during study by primary field surveys and collected data fromvarious sources like forest department, universities and also from literature.

3.6. Earthquakes

As per the Revised Earthquake Hazard Mapping, 22.13% of the total geographical area is under Moderateearthquake damage risk zone & remaining area of the state is under low damage risk zone. The state ofKarnataka has reported more than 500 earthquake tremors in the last three decades with most of them havinglow magnitude. It is found that the weak zones around the northern Karnataka bordering Maharashtra couldcause heavy damages in future. The areas of southern part of Karnataka are also not free from frequenttremors. The Karnataka state is categorized as moderate to low seismic risk zone. The following Districts arefalling in Zone III (Moderate Damage Risk Zone (MSK VII) viz. Bidar, Gulbarga, Vijayapur, Bagalkote,Belagavi, Dharwad, Uttar Kannada, Shivamogga, Udupi, Dakshina Kannada and Kodagu. All other Districtsare falling under Zone II (Low Damage Risk zone MSK VI).


Figure 3.23 Earthquake Zone of Karnataka


3.7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE

As regards to the base-line environmental data in respect of Demography, Occupational Structure, CommunityServices such as Post Offices, Post & Telegraph Offices, Telephone, Educational and Health Care Facilities,Banks and Co – Operative institutes, social and Cultural Institutions, present within the buffer zone wascollected from Department of CENSUS operations, Government of India, Department of Statistics andEconomics of the Government of Karnataka, Village Patwaries, Department of Posts and Telegraphs,Department of Health for preparation of existing environmental scenario in respect of these parameters.

Demography:

Geographical Area Sq. Kms Total PopulationTotal Male Female

1995 525722 26883 256839

Scheduled Cast Population Schedule Tribe PopulationTotal Urban Rural Total Urban Rural13473 1557 11916 11660 103 11557

Literacy % LiteracyTotal Urban Rural Total Urban Rural61.66 74.17 60.29 323623 35509 288114

Classification of Main Workers

Rural Urban TOTALTotal Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female164721 116741 47980 12503 10462 2041 177224 127203 50021

Classification of Marginal Workers


Classification of Non Workers


3.8. INDUSTRIES

Belagavi district has always been at the forefront of industrial growth in India. With its inherent capabilitiescoupled with its enterprising citizens, Belagavi provides the ideal choice for investment opportunities. TheHydraulic industry (BEMCO Hydraulics) started here in 1930’s was first of its kind in Asia. Belagavi isone of the fastest growing cities with a very good industrial Scenario in the north western part of Karnataka.Belagavi has several large industries; important among them are the INDAL Aluminium Factory (Hindalcoat present) Ashok Iron group, Jinabakul group, Polyhydron group, numerous foundries & engineeringindustries. Belagavi is a trade centre for food grains, sugarcane, cotton, tobacco, oilseed, and milk products.Industries include leather, clay, pottery, soap, cotton, and precious metals. It is very famous for its power loomindustries which provide employment for many weavers. Belagavi has provided excellent opportunities forbusinessmen from almost all sections of the society and thus is an important industrial and business Centre.


3.9. AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT

Belagavi district has several places of historical importance and a few of which are identified with placesmentioned in Hindu mythological accounts. Saundatti-Yellamma, for example, is identified as the place whereLord Parashurama, the VIth incarnation of Lord Vishnu, beheaded his own mother at the behest of his father,sage Jamadagni. The narrative further states that, when his immensely pleased father granted him with a boon,Lord Parashurama asked for and got his mother restored to life at this place. Legends associate Yedur andGodachi villages with the events mentioned in the Daksha Yagya and the exploits of Lord Veerabhadra.About the early historical period, it may be mentioned that Halashi (located in Khanapur taluk) was the capitalof the early Kadambas. Saundatti was the capital of the Rattas and some historians identify Kakati nearBelgaum as the original abode of the famous Kakatiyas of Warangal. There are as many as five Ramateerthasin the district, viz., (1) in the Parasgad fort (2) at Mullur in Ramdurg taluk (3) near Kanbargi in Belagavitaluku (4) at Ramateertha in Athni taluku and (5) near Halashi in Khanapur taluku, which are described asvisited by Lord Rama who installed Ramalingas at these places. Ramdurg fort is ascribed to Rama andShabarikolla near Sureban is described as the place where Shabari had lived and met Lord Rama. Sogal inSaundatti taluk is described as the place where one Sugalamuni performed penance and where the marriage ofShiva and Parvathi is described to have taken place. Jamboti in Khanapur taluk is associated with Jambavati,Lord Krishna’s consort and Jambavanta’s daughter. Saptasagara, a pre-historic site is claimed to be the placewhere the Saptarshis had lived and the ash mond there is ascribed to the sacrifices they had performed. LordNarasimha temple situated at Mugutkhan Hubli, is claimed to be place where Sage Chavan had performed asacrifice.


CHAPTER 4ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION


4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION

Sugar cane crop & mills exist with lot of uncertainties such as water scarcity, uncertain monsoon, price ofsugar cane, crop yield, hike in power rates, quality seeds etc. Indian agriculture relies solely on the monsoonrains and irrigation facilities. Sugar cane crop production is subjected to changes at each place each year withprice changes for same quality cane. These facts yield sugar mills lower returns than predicted & make themvulnerable in the race of time. Sugar factories are mainly established in rural areas for want of raw material asmajor agriculture crop sugarcane. All sugar production in India solely comes from sugar cane with a timeproven well-established process to get sugar output.

EIA provides a mechanism to simultaneously consider base line data & probable future adverse effects on theenvironment as a consequence of the action to create any processing unit, expressway, irrigation, canal,barrage, mining activity etc. before the commissioning of the desired project work. A significant componentof EIA studies exists to predict, assess the potential of impacts of the project on the surrounding environment.Environmental impact in the study area reflects in any changes of environmental conditions, adverse orbeneficial effects caused or induced by the impact of project if implemented. Superimposition of predictedimpact over pre-project base line data shows final picture of environmental conditions. Step of quantitativeimpact prediction leads to decide suitable environment management plan needed to implement beforeinitiation of project & commissioning stage to mitigate adverse effects on environmental quality. Impactprediction in various areas of air, water, soil, noise, socio-economic for the proposed expansion of sugar &co-generation units are given in the following sections.

Proposed expansion involves activities to set up a plant, machinery, create infrastructure to transport rawmaterials, finished products as dominant activities in construction phase. In construction phase expansion hasvarious impacts on air & water quality, noise levels, socio-economic environment etc.

4.1 IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Project construction phase will be of one and half year whose activities will surely show effects on landenvironment, water, air, noise level, soil quality, socio-economic trend etc. As first phase construction hasalready been initiated hence its impact on air, water quality noise and soil will not be notable. This activitywill have a positive impact in case of Socio-economic culture for the people in the nearby villages. They willhave a chance for local employment in foundation, fabrication, brick masonry, painting and machineryerection works. Along with that tree plantation will be one of the activities. As local workers are involved inconstruction phase, impact at site will be negligible.

The construction phase of proposed expansion of sugar & power plants will include activities associated withthe site levelling, construction of civil structures, architectural works and building services. The constructionphase would bring in immediate but short term changes on various components of environment near theproject site. The likely changes on starting the constructional activity would be in the following area.

4.1.1 Impact on Topography

The area of the proposed plant is more or less flat terrain. It is predominantly covered with fine to mediumgrained clay loam as top soil with underlying compacted dense sand. During the construction phase levellingwould be required. Apart from the localized construction impacts confined to the plant site, no significant longterm adverse impact on topography is envisaged.

4.1.2 Impact on Air Environment

The main source of air emission during the construction phase is dust. It will be generated due to movement ofequipment at the site and during site levelling, earthwork, foundation work and other constructional activities.Dust emissions are expected to result in increased particulate matter thus affecting base line air quality,primarily in working area for a short duration. In order to ameliorate this, the area near the site and transportroads will be sprinkled with water to reduce dust.


4.1.3 Impact on Water Environment

The construction activities will be associated with mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection. Theseactivities associated do not consume large quantities of water. Make shift sanitation facility shall be providedby contractors for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the work force. There shall be no disposal ofconstruction waste outlet. The contractor will provide cooking fuel to the work force as this will check cuttingand felling of shrubs and trees. The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to theproposed expansion is considered short term and insignificant.

4.1.4 Impact on Noise Environment

The noise produced during construction phase may not have significant impact on the existing ambient noiselevels. The activities like construction of foundation, infrastructure and plant are considered as the mainsource of noise generation. The major construction work will be carried out during the daytime. Theconstruction equipment may generate high noise which can affect the personnel operating the machines. Thenoise levels in the working environment are compared with standards prescribed by OSHA/CPCB/ ISO 3746.The workers in general are likely to be exposed to equipment noise levels of 80-90 dB (A) in an 8 hrs shift forwhich all statutory precautions as per law will be taken into consideration. Use of proper personnel protectiveequipment will mitigate any adverse impact of noise on the working population. All noise from the site isexpected to be reduced significantly before reaching nearby habitation.

4.1.5 Occupational SafetyDuring the construction there are chances of minor or major accidents at the site.Mitigation:All the workers will be provided with helmets, goggles and safety instructions in the form of manuals and alsofirst-aid will be made available.

4.2 Impact during Operational Phase

The plant operational activities will have impact on physical environment (air & water quality, noise level,cropping pattern etc.) and on socio-economic environment. No land /topography alteration is envisaged in theoperation phase of the sugar & cogeneration power plants.

4.2.1 Impact on Physical Environment

The impacts on Air, Noise & Cropping Pattern are the dimensions of physical environment which are likely tobe affected on account of power generation activities.

4.2.2 Impact on Air Environment

Prediction of impacts on air environment is an important component in environmental impact assessmentstudies. Several techniques and methodologies are in vogue for predicting the impacts due to proposedindustrial development on physico-ecological and socio-economic components of environment. Suchpredictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to derive theultimate (post-project) scenario of environmental conditions. The quantitative prediction of impacts lead todelineate suitable environmental management plan needed for implementation during the commissioning ofproposed activities and in its operational phase in order to mitigate the adverse impacts on environmentalquality.

Mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe the cause effect relationship between sourceof pollution and different components of environment. In case, mathematical models are not available or it isnot possible to identify/validate model for a particular situation, predictions are arrived through availablescientific knowledge and judgment.


4.2.2.1. Air Quality Prediction

The impact on air quality due to emissions from single source or group of sources is evaluated by use ofmathematical models. When air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, they are immediately diffused intosurrounding atmosphere, transported and diluted due to winds. The air quality models are designed to simulatethese processes mathematically and to relate emissions of primary pollutants to the resulting downwind airquality. The inputs include emissions, meteorology and surrounding topographic details to predict the impactsof conservative pollutants.

SSL’s proposed of expansion of cogen unit of 15 MW to 60MW, requires 2500 MT per day bagasse as fuelfor boiler when operated on 100% bagasse. This expansion of the cogen project meets the heat & power needsof SSL and excess power shall be exported to the KPTCL grid.

The common process involved in all the units is the use of boiler and turbine. The air environment getspolluted due to emission of suspended particulate matter having particle size less than 50 microns. It alsoaffects the crops grown in the nearby areas. So it has negative impact on the health of people.

Due to existing state high-ways & reduced distances for bullock carts, tractors & trucks to reach the mill sitesuspended particulate matter generation will be comparatively lesser. Bagasse & coal handling in belt driveprovision & closed condition will not increase SPM generation. Use of captive Bagasse from cane crushing asa fuel will be a solution for its safe disposal in co-generation plant. Complete combustion, ash silo system,hoppers, air sacs collection, electro static precipitators, effective ash handling, mixing of collected ash withpress mud to sell to farmers/ brick producers will minimize the probable impacts of fuel handling & safe ashdisposal.

4.2.2.2. Impact due to ash from co-generation

During season fly ash collected from ESP hoppers, air heater hoppers, ash from boiler bottom hoppers, totalquantity being less than 1 % (of bagasse as fuel consumption) can be given to farmers as manure. During offseason ash from Bagasse & coal can be used for brick producers with press mud. Annually 6750 MT ash willbe generated from burning of 675000 ton MT Bagasse (based on 270 working days), and 481 MT when 801tons imported coal is burnt (Based on 60 days of operation of cogeneration on 100% imported coal).

4.2.2.3. Air Quality Modeling

Air quality modeling was carried out for the proposed scenario. The major pollutant from the activity is PM.In the present study the major source has been considered as the stack attached to boiler. The estimation ofemission rates based on rate of fuel consumption and characteristics has been calculated. Also, themeteorological data at the site has been collected during study period. After collection of data, assessment ofimpacts on ambient air quality using ISCST3 model of USEPA for emissions from the proposed expansion ofpower plant to 60 MWhr have been carried out. Bagasse & coal are used as fuels in the plant. The stack detailsof the boiler in the proposed expansion are presented in the Table 4.1. The maximum GLC for PM iscalculated for the proposed scenario is 6.5μg/m3 in the east direction. The isopleths are presented in theFigures 4.1 to 4.3 for the proposed impact.

Table 4.1: Stack Details of Proposed Expansion

Sr.No.

Stack Fuel(T/Hr)

Emission Rate(g/s)

StackHeight (m)

Diameter(m)

Exit GasTemp. (K)

Velocity(m/s)

1 Boiler 130 0.06 (ESP willbe use of 99%)

90 3.5 413 16

The incremental rise in SPM level does not exceed the CPCB limit and SO2 and NOx values rise is negligible.Hence on air environment there is no negative impact.


FIGURE 4.1: Isopleths of Predicted PM Concentration in Ambient Air as per Gaussian Model


FIGURE 4.2: Isopleths of Predicted SO2 Concentration in Ambient Air as per Gaussian Model


FIGURE 4.3: Isopleths of Predicted NOX Concentration in Ambient Air as per Gaussian Model


Vehicles used for transportation of sugar cane as well as finished product would be bullock cart, tractors andtrucks and the utility vehicles used would be buses, jeeps, cars and ambulances. SSL proposes to regularlycarry out PUC checks of all motor driven vehicles and carry out regular servicing and maintenance of it inorder to keep the environmental impact on account of their exhaust emissions to its minimum level. Forreducing fugitive dust emissions SSL has made Pucca internal roads and / or carry out regular water sprinklingon Kachha roads in order to prevent fugitive dust emissions to its minimum level. Moreover, the gardendevelopment and tree plantation activities of SSL during operational phase of the expansion would ensureminimal impact of fugitive dust emissions. In addition to above, SSL promises to maintain good house-keeping in all the departments of their sugar manufacturing and power generation departments in order tokeep the entire complex clean and free of dust.

Mitigation:To avoid negative impact on the air quality of nearby area mitigation measures such as effective stack height(90 m) and Electrostatic precipitator is proposed as an air pollution control device.

4.2.3. Noise EnvironmentNoise, an unwanted sound, affects human being. Excessive exposure to noise produces varying degree ofdamage to hearing system. It leads to headache, fatigue etc. Road traffic will also result in rise in noise levels.Continuous exposure of increased level of noise will have an adverse impact on the health of workers as wellas the people residing in surrounding area. Prolonged exposure can lead to temporary or even permanentdeafness.

4.2.3.1. Impact on Noise Levels

The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicles and construction equipment like dozers,scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps, compressors, pneumatic tools, saws, vibrators etc. The operations ofthese equipment generate noise in the range of 85-90 dB (A) near the source. Noise levels are confined withinthe plant boundary and temporary in nature.

4.2.3.2. Impact of machinery operations:

In the expansion of Sugar and Cogen Power Plant proposed by SSL following equipment shall be the sourcesof noise.Centrifugal Machine - 86-87 dB (A)Vacuum Release - 102-104 dB (A)Sugar dry units - 91-92 dB (A)Compressor for air supply - 90-92 dB (A)Milling - 88-91 dB(A)Mill Turbine - 92-94 dB(A)Juice clarification station - 88-89 dB(A)Juice evaporation station - 82-93 dB(A)Power house - turbine - 93-105 dB(A)Boilers - 83-109 dB(A)FD fans - 94-96 dB(A)Delivery pumps for sugar & molasses supply - 89-90.5 dB(A)

Considering all the machinery to be working at a time, which is the worst case from the point of view of noiselevel impact at SSL, the total noise level on account of all the equipment works out to be 108 dB(A). Majorpart of this noise gets attenuated due to wave divergence.The noise attenuation due to wave divergence is calculated as follows:Sound pressure level Lp2 at a distance R2 from the source neglecting attenuation due to atmospheric effectsand interaction with objects is given byLp2 = Lp1 – 20 log R2 / R1

Where,


Lp1is a sound pressure level at a distance of R1 from the source and Lp2 is a sound pressure level at a distanceof R2 from the source.

Minimum distance of the receptor location from SSL calculated by using above equation for achieving thenoise level of 55 dB (A) during daytime is 135 m. This means, noise level at a distance of 135 m from SSL is55 dB (A) or in other words the noise level impact of SSL operations is felt within a maximum area of 135mradius.

As the villages are located beyond 500 m from SSL, increment in noise levels will not be detected at theselocations on account of SSL activities.

4.2.3.3. NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURESCONSTRUCTION PHASE

There will be marginal increase in noise levels during construction phase which is temporary. Certainactivities like welding will be undertaken during night time. However, this phenomenon is temporary innature.

OPERATIONAL PHASE

The equipment in the sugar plant and cogeneration plant are designed for noise levels not exceeding 90 dB(A). Proper encasement of noise generating sources will be done to control the noise levels below 75 dB (A)at plant boundary.

The steam turbine generator is provided with acoustic enclosures and silencers in the exhaust. The steamturbine is housed in a closed building which is considerably reducing the noise. In case of maintenance, thepersons working near the steam turbine generator building are provided with ear muffs.

A scientifically designed thick greenbelt in an area of 8 Ha is being developed all around the plant which isacting as noise barrier.

In general the following methods were adopted to control the noise pollution from the proposed units

The use of concrete and masonry walls & barriers keeping in view the benefits of stiffness weight& cavity construction & the need to provide well sealed sound attenuating doors & windows.

The use of complete or partial enclosures.

Attenuation by use of sound absorbents on walls and fixed or suspended ceilings

Introduction of control and monitoring rooms having good sound insulation properties.

The reduction or elimination of noise leakage paths

The use of vibration insulation techniques

The use of ducts and plenum chambers

The use of mufflers, sound attenuation and acoustic louvers in air flow paths, taking particular care to directinlet and discharge an opening away from critical areas wherever possible, so as to take advantage of directeffects.


Impact of Vehicular traffic

As a matter of fact of Power Plant does not invite heavy vehicular traffic at the site. There will be an increasein the traffic to and from the site. Vehicles used for transportation of coal would be a bullock cart, Tractorsand Trucks whereas; utility vehicles used for various purposes would be buses, Jeeps, cars and ambulances.Assuming that no. of traffic on noise level at village calculated by using following equation is found to be 42dB(A).Leq (h)i = LOE + 10log(Ni /Si *T) + 10log (15/d) (1+a) +S - 13

Where,

Leq (h)1 is the Leq at hour h for the ith vehicle type i.e. autos, medium trucks or heavy trucks.LOE is the reference mean energy level for the ith vehicle type. This is the noise emission level for a givenvehicle type and is found out by measurement.Ni is the number of class I vehicles passing during the time T.Si is the average speed of the ith vehicle class in km/hour.D is the perpendicular distance in meters from the centre line of the traffic lane to the location where noiselevel is to be predicted.a- is a factor, which relates to the absorption characteristics of the ground cover between the roadway and thereceptor location.S is the shielding factor such as provided by the noise barrier.

Impact of traffic noise after superimposing on background noise level results in the noise level of 45 dB(A),which is less than Karnataka Pollution Control Board limits for rural and Residential area. Hence noise levelimpact of the traffic is negligible.

Mitigation

All the workers will be provided with ear plugs, proper maintenance of blowers and pumps. All thetransporters will be advised to carry out regular maintenance of their vehicles.

4.2.4. Impact on Land or soilThe solid waste generated from the sugar unit is mainly in the form of molasses, press mud and Bagasse. Thefly ash will be generated from cogen power plant. This solid waste in case dump on land will create soildegradation or underground water pollution.

Mitigation:Molasses formed from the sugar unit acts as a raw material for ethanol production which is stored in tank andsold. Press mud will be sold to farmers to use as compost. Bagasse is the raw material for power generationfrom cogeneration unit. Fly ash generated during combustion in boiler will be used as a material in land fillingas well as in brick manufacturing.

4.2.5. Impact on water environment4.2.5.1. Impact on Water Resources and Quality

The water requirement for the proposed Expansion will be met from the surface water for which permission isobtained. During construction, water is required for development of structures, sprinkling on pavements fordust suppression and domestic and non-domestic usages. Construction workers shall utilise washrooms andtoilets available at site.

4.2.5.2. Water Pollution Mitigation Measures

The earth work includes cutting and filling. Excavation activities shall be avoided during rainy season andshall be completed during the winter and summer seasons. Stone pitching on the slopes and construction ofconcrete drains for storm water to minimize soil erosion in the area will be undertaken. Settling pond is


planned for storage and recycling of surface water for use in the plant area. The development of green belt inand around plant will be taken up during the monsoon season. In plant roads shall be concreted. Toilets withseptic tanks are available at site for construction workers. The overall impacts on water environment duringconstruction phase due to proposed activity are temporary and marginal.Water needed for sugar mill will be available from Krishna river. SSL intends to intake 718 m3 of water perday to fulfill the needs of mill, & co-generation plant, residential colony. Sugar and cogen will utilize 6205m3 water/day from which 5487 m3/d will come via recycling of excess condensate. In sugar mill maximumwater conservation will be achieved with precise equipment selection.

Waste water from Sugar mill will not have significant BOD/COD levels. All the waste water will be collectedin effluent treatment chambers, neutralized prior to treatment in the existing ETP & proposed ETP.Treated effluent water will have low BOD, COD values shall be as per KSPCB norms.

In co-generation also precise design parameters will enhance target of water conservation & powerproduction. Maximum attention is paid to recycle the water in each unit/equipment.

4.2.6. IMPACT DUE TO TRANSPORTATIONAs a consequence of sugar mill erection & operation, vehicle traffic to and fro for sugar cane, molasses, coal,finished materials sugar, etc. will be increased. Cane from local area can be brought with bullock carts,tractors & trucks. Transport of other items will be done with trucks. Traffic with jeeps, buses, cars, ambulanceetc. will also be there. Traffic on road will create rise in particulate matter. Metalled roads already exist in thesite area which will keep minimum SPM level. Thus fugitive emissions will be at minimum levels.

4.2.6.1. Traffic Density StudySite is located at a distance of 6 Kms from State Highway connecting Chikodi to Athani. The site is locatedon Raibag to Nasalapur MDR. It is proposed to expand capacity of Sugarcane crushing from 4800 to 10,000TCD. Therefore there will be addition of traffic due to Trucks and tractor trolleys on the MDR.

4.2.6.2. Monitoring locationsThe site is located at Nasalapur to Raibag road, with approach road already existing and thereby notrequiring any additional approach road. A traffic density survey was conducted on it

4.2.6.3. Methodology

Traffic density measurements were made continuously for 24 hours by visual observation and counting ofvehicles under four categories, viz., heavy motor vehicles, light motor vehicles, two/three wheelers and others.As traffic density on the road is low, one skilled person was deployed simultaneously during each shift forcounting the traffic. At the end of each hour, fresh counting and recording was undertaken. Thus, the totalnumber of vehicles per hour under the four categories was determined.

Observations:

Table 4.2. Summary of the movement of the various types of vehicles during the survey period.

The movement of heavy motor vehicles are almost uniform throughout the 24 hour period. The movement oflight motor vehicles is low during the night hours.

Type of Vehicle Total No. Per Hr duringcrushing season

Total No. Per Hr during noncrushing [off] Season

H.M.V 20 05L.M.V 15 07

Two/Three wheelers 25 11Others 12 04Total 72 27


Transportation:

As a matter of fact of Co-generation Power Plant does not invite heavy vehicular traffic at the site, howeverdue to sugar production activities at SSL, there will be an increase in the traffic to and from the site. Vehiclesused for transportation of sugar cane as well as finished product would be a bullock cart, Tractors and Truckswhereas, utility vehicles used for various purposes would be buses, Jeeps, cars and cycles from labour colonyand staff movement. The transportation route will be the highway and the connecting road from the highwayto the plant for the purpose of the evacuation of sugar while the bullock carts will bring raw material (cane).All trucks proposed to be used for transportation will be covered with tarpaulin, maintained, optimally loadedand have PUC certificates.

TABLE 4.3. EXPECTED INCREMENTAL TRAFFIC DENSITY

Traffic Vehicle Existing traffic innumbers

Incremental trafficrise in numbers

Total Rise innumbers

H.M.V 20 22 42L.M.V 15 25 40

Two/Three wheeler 25 20 45Others 12 10 22Total 72 77 149

Mitigation

SSL shall put a strategy to check regularly the PUC of all auto vehicles, servicing & maintenance, in order tohave minimum environmental impact due to the vehicle exhaust emission / noise. Garden & tree plantationplans will ensure the target of minimum fugitive emissions. SSL proposes better level of housekeeping in alldepartments of sugar mill, power generation, and colony to keep the area cleaner.

4.2.7. IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTLike other sugar factories SSL is also located in an isolated area. SSL management thought that it would beadvantageous to improve the living conditions of people in and around the plant site. It also proposes toemploy local skilled and unskilled workers in the proposed expansion of sugar & cogeneration plants. It willtherefore generate employment in the local area. It will resolve power crisis and will enhance earnings forvillage people. In turn local people can avoid uncertainty of jobs, raise their living standards, dosupplementary jobs of cane & other farming, cattle, poultry, brick making unit etc. thus to stabilize & prosperin life. This will surely make a positive impact.

Socio economic pattern

SSL has already initiated process to select & employ key persons for the proposed expansion. In the nearbyfuture permanent employment & creation of residential facilities will give the surrounding people the space toreside & get settled in the area.


CHAPTER 5ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS


5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

Environmental impact assessment is the first logical step in this process because it represents the opportunityfor man to consider, in his decision making, the effects of actions that are not accounted for, in the normalmarket exchange of goods and services. Adherence to pure economic exchange theory and practice fordecision making has possible adverse consequences for the proposed site at which the expansion project isgoing to be implemented.

Environmental impact assessment can be defined as the documentation of environmental analysis includingidentifications, interpretations, prediction and mitigation cost by the proposed action on the project. Aproperly prepared assessment should enable the planner to conclude whether the proposal should or should notbe regarded as major action, or whether the environmental impact is or is not significant and if the actioncould not be environmentally controversial. Whenever it is concluded that significant environmental impactwill result from a proposed action, or it may become environmental controversial, that is when others learn ofthe action that a draft EIS must be prepared.

The process of environmental impact analysis serves to meet the primary goal of parliament in enactingEnvironmental Policy Act 1986 to establish national policy in favour of protecting and restoring theenvironment. The primary purpose to prepare an environmental impact assessment is to disclose theenvironmental consequences of a proposed action, thereby making the agency cautious, decision maker andthe public to the environmental risk involved. Important and intended consequences of this disclosure are tobuild in to the agency’s decision making process, a continuous consciousness of environmental consideration.

However, the spirit of the law is founded on the premises, that to utilize resources in an environmentallycompatible way and to protect and enhance the environment. It is necessary to know how activities of theproposed project will affect the environment and to consider these effects early enough so that changes in plancan be made if the potential impacts warrant them.

Environmental impact assessment provides a vehicle to note impacts of activities so that knowledge of whatadverse changes may occur can be collected and maintained. The purpose of inventory is to ensure discloserof the impacts on the proposed projects so that concerned institutions or individuals will be aware of possiblerepercussions of the subject activities. Another valuable use for the inventory of impact is to identify thepotential cumulative effects of a group or series of activity in an area. Any single activity might not be likelyto cause serious changes in the environmental but when its effects are added to those of other projects, theimpacts of the environment might be severe. The potential for cumulative impacts must be identified and insome cases, this may be possible only at the intra agency level.

A preliminary assessment will indicate the possible impact areas on which detailed data has to be collected topresent the results of the preliminary assessment will attempt to answer the impacts on physical or healthHazard, economic interest of the existing communities, impact on infrastructure, and future growth pattern inthe region for next 20 years.

5.1 MATRIX METHOD

The major use of matrices is to indicate cause and effect by listing activities along horizontal axis andenvironmental parameters along the vertical axis. In this way the impacts of both individual components ofprojects as well as major alternatives can be compared. The simplest matrix uses a single mark to showwhether an impact is predicted or not. However, it is easy to increase the information level by changing thesize of the mark to indicate scale. The greatest drawbacks of matrices are that they can only effectivelyillustrate primary impact. A matrix having rows as environmental attributes or impact areas and columnshaving proposed project activities is constructed. Each action having an impact on environmental attributes isgiven a weight or Parameter Importance Unit (PIU) viewed by experts. Weights given are on followingconception.


Weight 1 is given for insignificant low impact, which is not injurious to environment in case of its adversenature.

Weight 3 is given in case of measurable impact, which is not injurious to environment with proper planningand building in case of its adverse nature.

Weight 7 is given in case of high impact on environment, which can be curbed by taking precautionarymeasures in case of its adverse nature.

Weight 10 is given in case of very high impact on environment.

The predicted environmental impact rated on a scale of environmental scores multiplied by the correspondingweight then gives the weighted impact. All weighted impacts added together give the overall weighted impactof proposed project on environment. Negative sign in impact matrix indicates that the impact is of adversenature. The environmental matrix for the proposed expansion of sugar cane crushing capacity & cogenerationpower plant after and during its implementation is shown in the following tables.

Table 5.1: Environmental Impact Matrix for the Proposed expansion of SSL during Construction Phase

Sr. No. Environmental Attributes Environmental Score Due to SSL ActivitiesI (See Legend) II III

1 Air Quality -1 3 1 3 -1 32 Noise Levels -1 5 1 3 -1 33 Land Use 0 5 1 3 -1 34 Soil Chemistry -1 3 1 3 -1 35 Crop Yield -2 3 0 3 -1 36 Occupational Structure 3 5 1 5 2 57 Flora & Fauna 0 3 1 3 1 38 Social Interactions 2 3 2 3 3 59 Transportation 2 5 1 3 1 310 Economy 3 5 2 3 1 7

LEGENDI Erection of mechanical equipmentsII Plantation/landscapingIII Infrastructural activities

Table 5.2: Environmental Impact Matrix for proposed expansion of SSL during operation (Contd.)

Sr.No.

EnvironmentalAttribute

Environmental Impact Due to SSL ActivitiesI (See Legend) II

1 Air Quality -2 7 2 52 Noise Levels -2 5 2 33 Land Use - - 2 54 Soil Chemistry -1 5 1 55 Crop Yield -2 5 1 36 Occupational Structure 5 7 1 37 Flora & Fauna -1 3 2 58 Social Interactions 3 5 1 39 Transportation 3 5 1 310 Economy 3 7 1 3LEGENDI Sugar & Power GenerationII Plantation / Landscaping


5.2 CHECK LIST METHOD

The detailed impact analysis and from the course of the environmental impact assessment one has to usechecklist method for identifying the possible impact during and after the completion of the proposedexpansion of sugar & cogeneration power plants. The check list for assessment includes modification ofregime, land transformation and construction, resource extraction, processing, land alteration, resourcerenewal, changes in traffic, waste replacement and treatment, chemical treatment and accidents. Thiscomprehensive and user friendly checklist is invaluable aid for several activities of EIA, particularly scopingand defining baseline studies. The check list has been prepared for non-specialist and enables much timeconsuming work to be carried out in advance of expert input. It includes extensive data collection sheets. Thecollected data can then be used to answer a series of questions to identify major impacts and identify shortageof data. The result sheet from the checklist is reproduced in the following table.

Table 5.3: Result Sheet for Assessing Checklist

Parameters VeryPositiveImpact

PositiveImpactPossible

NoImpact

NegativeImpactPossible

VeryNegativeImpact

NoJudgmentPossible

Comments

Alteration ofground waterhydrology

No No Yes No No -- --

Irrigation No No Yes No No -- --Noise & vibration No No Yes No No -- --Urbanization Yes -- -- -- -- -- --Highways No No Yes No No -- --Dams No No Yes No No -- --Surface Excavation No Yes No No -- -- --Well drilling Yes -- -- -- -- -- --Farming Yes -- -- -- -- -- --Sugar & PowerGeneration

Yes -- -- -- -- -- -

Erosion Control &Terracing

Yes -- -- -- -- -- --

Ground waterRecharge

No No Yes -- -- -- --

Table No.5.4: Result Sheet for Assessing Checklist

Parameter PositiveImpactVery

PositiveImpactPossible

NoImpact

NegativeImpactPossible

NegativeImpactVery

NoJudgmentPossible

Comments

Waste Recycling Yes -- -- -- -- -- --FertilizerApplication

Yes -- -- -- -- -- --

Trucking Yes -- -- -- -- -- --Communication Yes -- -- -- -- -- --Land Fill -- -- Yes -- - --Cooling waterDischarge

Yes -- -- -- -- -- --

Liquid EffluentDischarge

No -- Yes -- -- -- -

Stack andExhaustEmission

No -- Yes -- -- -- --


Weed Control Yes -- -- -- -- -- --Insect Control No -- Yes -- -- -- --Explosion -- -- -- Yes -- -- --OperationalFailure

-- -- -- Yes -- -- --

The very simple layout of the table enables an overview of impacts to be presented clearly which is enormousvalue for the scoping of proposed expansion activities.

5.3 EXPERT ADVICE

Expert advice should be sought for predictions, which are inherently non-numeric and are particularly suitableto estimate social and cultural impacts. It shall be preferably taken in the form of a consensus of expertopinion. For example, it is necessary to find out whether there is an impact on wetland or not. The reduction inthe wetland productivity may result into the fall of sugarcane crop yield. As a consequence the quantity ofsugarcane & bagasse required for producing sugar & power shall be severally affected. Low sugarcanecrushing during the production of crystal sugar may also add to non-availability of bagasse, which mayhamper production of power. In order to mitigate these problems it is utmost necessary to continuouslymonitor the production of sugarcane. It is also necessary to make available the other type of biomass / fuel forproducing power for the use of boiler.

The most commonly used methods of project appraisal are the cost of benefit and cost effective analysis. Ithas been found easy to incorporate environmental impacts into traditional cost benefit analysis, principallybecause of the difficulties in quantifying and valuing environmental effects. An environmental impactassessment can provide information on the expected effects and quantify, to some extent their importance.Cost effective analysis can also be used to determine what is the most efficient least cost method of meetinggiven environmental objectives, with costs including forgone environmental benefits. Attempts have beenmade and the two most useful methods for expansion of sugar & cogeneration power projects are ”Effect onProduction (EOP) and preventive Expenditure and Replacement Cost” (PE/RC). The EOP method attempts torepresent the value of change in output that results of the environmental impact. This method is very easy tocarry out and easily understood. E.g. the assessment of reduce bagasse for power reduction in production dueto non-availability of sugarcane due to hydrological changes. The PE /RC method makes assessment of thevalue that people place on preserving their environment by estimating what they are prepared to pay toprevent its degradation (preventive expenditure) or to restore its original state after it has been damaged(replacement cost).


CHAPTER 6ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN


6.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Impact analysis carried out in Chapter-V indicated that BSML would not have notable impacton any of the environmental attributes. At the same time, it will have beneficial impacts on cropping pattern,increase in cane sugar crop & yield, captive power from Bagasse, export of surplus electricity to grid &consequent encashment to farmers etc. Target of Environment Management Plan (EMP) is to conserve theresources, minimize the waste generation, treatment of waste, recovery of by products and recycling ofmaterial. It also incorporates vegetation and landscapes of open area and also the post project environmentquality monitoring. Environmental management is a crucial segment of Industrial Project. Management ofproject, in view of the global concept of sustainable development will do their best. Therefore, preparation ofEnvironmental Management Plan is a must to fulfill bifocal aspect of the statutory compliance as well as thatof social concern.

Water needs of project may be reasonable, but generally this resource is dwindling. Thus, on one hand oneshould use it less and on the other the source should not be left polluted for others. Air environment needs tobe continuously managed, because man needs inhalation every moment, so also is Flora and Fauna dependenton it. The biological aspects, soil and ground water are all interdependent. Thus there is a need of properenvironmental management and a conscious plan for it.

Objectives OF EMP

To define the components of environmental management. To prepare an environmental hierarchy. To prepare a checklist for statutory compliance. To form an environmental organization. To prepare a schedule for monitoring and compliance. To establish a watchdog committee voluntarily with an ultimate aim to get ISO 14001 certification.

6.1 DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE6.1.1 Water Environment

During construction water will be needed mainly for cement concrete mixing purpose, slab watering, and tankpreparation. The only construction work involved in the power plant is foundation work.No formation or discharge of waste water during construction will occur.

6.1.2 Air Environment All approach roads will be metalled roads to mitigate SPM. All vehicles entering the factory premises will be maintained regularly. All the vehicles will follow the vehicular pollution regulation of PUC.

6.1.3 Noise Construction equipment generating minimum noise level will be used. Such mixing equipment will be regularly serviced & lubricated. Ear plugs and ear muffs will be provided to construction workers working near the noise generating

activities like pneumatic excavation, concrete mixers. Plantation will be carried out in the premises to absorb noise levels partly.

6.1.4 Socioeconomic & occupational impact Local people will be employed for construction works. Providing facilities of sanitation, fuel, education to workers. Consistent & enough potable water supplies to construction workers will be arranged. Enough milk supply to workers on 2 cups 2 times per person per day basis will be provided. Safety measures for workers like provision of safety belts, helmets, goggles, aprons, hand gloves, shoes

will be provided.


6.2 DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE

Generation of effluent, gaseous emissions, solid waste and other activities in the operational phase of theproject are of main concern. Management of effluent, gaseous emissions, solid waste & mitigation measuresare important.

6.2.1 Air Environment

6.2.1.1 Air pollution control system

The only major source of air pollution from the SSL sugar mill & co-generation process is emission from thestack attached to boilers used for steam generation and subsequent power. A chimney of stack height 90 mand 3.5 m diameter is designed on the basis of CPCB guidelines to ensure proper gaseous emission.

Vehicle exhaust emissions from the sugar cane transportation vehicles as well as fugitive dust emissionsbecause of vehicle movement during operational phase shall lead to air pollution.

It is recommended to undertake following mitigation measures for air pollution control to fulfill KSPCBnorms.

Air pollution control equipment like Electrostatic precipitator shall be implemented to reduce ground levelgaseous emission concentrations.

Maximum number of bullock carts will be used to transport sugarcane from the farms to the mill site asfar as possible which is an environment friendly way out.

It will be ensured that all vehicles used in transportation have PUC Certificate. It is proposed to have anauto exhaust emission monitoring equipment and trained manpower to carry out PUC checks at regularintervals.

SSL has laid all internal roads as tar roads and regular water sprinkling shall be carried out on all therough roads in the proposed expansion to prevent fugitive dust emissions during road making.

Tree plantation to the extent of 30% of area to lessen environmental impacts of the proposed activitiesover a period of time shall be implemented. Plantation program shall be designed and a budget shall beallocated for this purpose every year. Initially plantation was carried out along the boundary wall of theplant. Plantation shall be carried out perpendicular to wind direction on the downwind side of SSL tocheck the flow of dust along with wind. Subsequently plantation activities may be undertaken inremaining area.

Speed breakers on roads at regular intervals all over the plant area and / or attachment of speed lockingsystem to the accelerators of all vehicles will be used to restrict a speed limit of 20 Kms/h.

Construction of vehicle parking area having at least brick on edge flooring is planned. No overloading of bullock carts, Trucks, trailers used in transporting sugar cane from the agriculture

fields to the plant area will be permitted.

6.2.1.2 Solid Waste ManagementSl.No.

Description ofby products /Solid Waste

Quantity per month in MT Mode of DisposalExisting After

Expansion01 Molasses 5760 12000 Shall be sold as raw material for

manufacturing of Rectified Spirit02 Bagasse 46080 96000 used as fuel for captive power generation03 Press mud 5760 12000 Shall be mixed with boiler ash and given

as manure to member farmers.04 Boiler ash 393.0 783 Shall be mixed with press mud and given

as manure to member farmers.05 ETP Sludge 54.0 108.0 Shall be used as manure within premises


6.2.1.2 Fly ash handlingFly ash collected from the ESP hoppers, the air-heater hoppers and the ash collected from the furnace bottomhoppers can be used as landfill, during the seasonal operation of the plant, when Bagasse will be the main andonly fuel for burning. The ash content in Bagasse is less than 2 %. In cane trash and the other biomass fuelsproposed to be used the ash percentage will not exceed 10%. The total fly ash collected during off seasoncould be used in landfill. The high potash content in the Bagasse ash suits its use as good manure. As the filterpress mud from the sugar plant also has a good land nutrient value, it is proposed to mix the ash and the pressmud and sell the same to the farmers to be used in the cane fields. The maximum ash generated usingBagasse, biomass and cane trash as fuels will be about 6750 MTPA. This generated ash if extra (i.e. not liftedby the farmers), will be given freely to entrepreneur to convert to bio compost, brick producers.

6.2.2. Water Environment

A network of planned storm water drainage is provided and maintained. Rain water harvesting will be carriedout to reduce the load on fresh water uptake from river. It will also increase ground water table. Wastewatergeneration will almost be nil during rainy season and thus its disposal will not be in the picture.

6.2.2.1. Effluent Treatment Plant for Sugar and Co-generation

Effluent treatment Plant for Sugar & Cogen operations shall have the following distinct advantage:-The effluent shall be treated and the organic loading shall be polished to an extent that the treated water maybe reused for Plant Floor washings, Make-up water for cooling tower, Development of Green Belt, Landscaping and Captive Irrigation, etc.

Fresh water drawl is avoided to that extent and conservation of water in a broader perspective is achieved.This is particularly of economic significance as fresh water is being sourced from about a distance of 3.7 Kms.

The treatment scheme incorporated is two stage aerobic treatment method for the effluent with the state of theart of diffused Aeration Technology.

a. DESIGN DATA & PERFORMANCE PROJECTIONSThe Sugar Factory Effluent treatment cum Treated water Recycling plant is designed for followingparameters & shall perform as under upon reaching steady state of operations:

Sr. No PARAMETER RAW WASTEWATER TREATED WASTEWATER1 pH (S U) 5 – 9 7.0 – 7.52 Flow (m3/Day)3 BOD (mg/l) 1200 – 1500 < 304 COD (mg/l) 3000 – 3500 < 1005 O & G (mg/l) 20 – 30 < 56 Temperature Ambient Ambient7 TSS (mg/l) 600 – 700 < 100

b. PROCESS DESCRIPTIONSSL is having an existing ETP of capacity 1000m3/d. The existing Effluent treatment cum Treated waterRecycling plant is consisting of following treatment units:

Screen Chamber Oil & Grease Trap Equalization Tank Diffused Aeration Tanks (02 nos.) (First & second stage) Secondary Clarifier (02 nos.) (First & second stage) Polishing Pond


Sludge Drying Beds

i. Screen Chamber:Screen chamber is provided to accommodate the screen made up of M.S Bars with spacing as per design. Thescreen is shall be Epoxy painted.ii. Oil & Grease Trap:

Oil & Grease trap is provided for removal of free & floating oil and grease, which otherwise would affect theperformance of biological treatment. The trap is provided with oil removal mechanism.iii. Equalization Tank:

An Equalization Tank constructed in RCC is provided for dampening the fluctuations in wastewatercharacteristics and quantity. In buffer tank the raw effluent is mixed with treated effluent in a requiredproportion.

iv. Diffused Aeration tanks:

The partially treated effluent from equalization tank is then subjected to activated sludge process in theDiffused Aeration Tank for further reduction of organic load. The aeration Tank is equipped with a grid ofCompressed Air Diffusers. PVC Fill Media in the form of modules are provided for immobilization ofadditional Biomass. Fine bubble flexible EPDM membrane diffusers are aerating the effluent along withreturn sludge from secondary clarifier.

v. Secondary Clarifiers:

Secondary Clarifiers in the form of circular tanks are provided for settlement of fully aerated Effluent from theDiffused Aeration Tank. The tanks are provided with centrally driven fixed bridge type clarifier mechanism.Part of the settled sludge at the bottom of the settling tank is pumped to the Diffused Aeration Tank and partof it is on sludge drying beds as per operational requirement. This sludge being fully mineralized is suitablefor sun drying on sand drying beds.vi. Polishing Pond

Overflow from the Secondary Clarifier is taken to the polishing pond which helps in polishing the BOD andremoves the traces of Organic matter and it has a provision of Diffused aeration in case of exigencies such asshock loading etc. The Polishing Pond would also be utilized for Chlorination by Hypo solution for De-nitrification of the contents in cases of necessity.

vii. Sludge Drying Beds:

In the activated sludge process (ASP) system the sludge is sufficiently mineralized and does not need anyfurther treatment before dewatering and disposal. Sand filtration drying beds are provided, where sludge isdewatered by filtration through Graded sand bed and sun drying. Dewatered sludge is scraped & used asmanure for green belt within the premises.

viii. Pressure Sand Filter:The overflow from polishing pond is pumped to Pressure Sand Filter for removal of fine suspended solids.Pressure Sand Filter shall be a cylindrical Mild steel vessel with dished ends. Filter media in the form ofgraded sand and gravel is provided as per design.

ix. Activated Carbon FilterActivated Carbon Filter will be useful for de-chlorination whenever applicable and specifically to removeodour. Filtering media in the form of Activated Carbon is provided. The filters are painted with epoxy paintinside and enamel paint on outside surfaces. The treated water coming out of the Activated Carbon Filter maybe successfully recycled for productive uses.


SSL proposes an additional ETP of 1000m3/d based on ASP for the proposed expansion.

6.2.3 Press mud storage yard

The press mud storage yard of 75 m x 50 m will be made impervious by constructing it with 300 mm thickstone soling. 200 mm thick base garland canal to collect any leachate from runoff. The same water will becollected in a collection tank of 10 m x 10 m x 5 m and the same will be recycled.

6.2.4 Noise & vibration control

Relevant noise emitters at SSL are noise-making equipments such as cutters, crushers, mixers, compressors,pumps, centrifuges, blowers, cranes, conveyor belts, vacuum filters, boilers, turbo generator etc. All theequipment produce continuous noise. As deliberated in chapter -IV, noise level impacts of SSL operations aresignificant only on the operators of machinery and are negligible within buffer zone. This is because the noiseproduced by this machinery gets dissipated due to wave divergence, atmospheric absorption and absorption bynoise barriers before being even felt in the buffer zone.

The continuous hammering of noise on the ears of the staff working in the factory premises may lead to somehealth problem like partial hearing disability, later permanent hearing disability which can be circumvented inplant by proper covering of machines, insulating screens, isolation with polycarbonate sheet or glass partitionwhere in officers can carry out day-to-day work peacefully.Following measures are proposed to lessen noise level impacts on machinery operators and within core andbuffer zone of SSL.

Proper lubrication and regular maintenance of all the machinery used. Development of greenery / barriers / landscaping of trees/ bushes and shrubs on 8.07 ha. Reduced noise exposure to the operators of machinery by work scheduling and by providing ear

protective equipment. Use rubber sheets in packing in the foundations of machineries to prevent noise transmission to the

surrounding. Proper isolation & due covering with noise absorbing screens in noise creating areas to make them

noise proof.6.2.5. SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS.

Ample power will be available from local grid due to decentralization of power generation Power from grid on no charge basis or low charge basis can be available in this area. This can be an initiative for many units to start. Many sorts of direct as well as indirect job opportunities will be on the horizon due to expansion of

sugar and co-generation complex. This will result in an increase in income level of the employees, subsequent commercial as well as

social infrastructure establishment. Supplementary type units can be initiated in the area like cattle preservation & protection, poultry,

herbal medicinal plants, spices, pickles, papad and other food items, milk producer groups & co-operative small saving groups.

6.2.5.1. Command area development

Based on the farmer’s survey carried out in the command area, it is recommended to undertake followingactivities in order to ensure uninterrupted sugarcane supply during the crushing season.

The availability of Bagasse is entirely based on the quantity of sugarcane present in the SSL area. It will be ofprime importance to keep the needed buffer stock of Bagasse in off season. As a consequence power plantmay have acute shortage of fuel, thus have to plan to plant fuel wood or other biomass plantation in the area of


the factory can cover this. This can be a stopgap arrangement for the fuel for boilers to produce power foraround 300 days in the year.

Promoters have their own cane fields. Due to increased irrigation facility and good soil quality, with use ofbetter type of seeds farmers good cane crop will be obtained in the area in near farms.

6.2.5.2. Development of Seed Nursery

It is recommended to develop seed nursery for sugar cane and fuel wood or other biomass varieties fordistribution of the same to the farmers in the command area. SSL proposes to use higher yielding & highsucrose varieties like COC 671, CO86032, and CO7805.

SSL proposes to sponsor cane development plan on its own or with help of farmers in command area. Resultsof this policy will fetch good returns to them in the next 5 to 7 years.

6.2.5.3. Seed Distribution

Karnataka Sugar Institute Belagavi & Vasantadada Sugar Institute at Manjari, District Pune have developedsuccessfully many varieties of better yield cane sugar with tissue culture & other plants also. SSL isencouraging the farmers to sow such seeds by implementing better seed distribution. This is helping in thedevelopment of command area. SSL shall raise quality seed material and meet the demand so that old seed isreplaced after every five years. Sufficient seeds of new high yielding varieties should also be multiplied in theseed farm. These varieties will be systematically distributed to help the farmers to plan their cropping patternand cultivation of early / mid late / late varieties.

SSL also proposes to take lead to assist bank loan facilities to farmers & members of sugar plant by issuingguarantee for recovery of said loans.

6.2.6. Water Management

SSL shall give due care to water management especially in the heavy soil region. Care is also taken fbyproviding proper drainage system. The region has natural slope and the higher region is free from waterlogging.

The inputs like pesticide, insecticide, fungicide, micro – nutrient fertilizers, seeds of green manure, organiccompost are easily available. There is no difficulty in procuring crop loans banks & cooperative socities.To implement the above mentioned programs in the command area, training programs, Kisan-mela etc. Are/Shall be conducted in various parts of the operational area. Thus, the gap between potential yield & actualyield could be reduced.

It is to be noted that due to the developmental activities already introduced by SSL, sugarcane cultivation hasimproved. Many new cane varieties have been introduced and hence it can be concluded that systematic aswell as sustained efforts would help to increase the yields of sugarcane.

Ultimately, farmers would undertake sugarcane cultivation and the responsibility of the promotional activityof cane cultivation has to be done effectively by SSL. Farmers are eagerly waiting for the proposed expansionof SSL. Non-members of SSL should be attended to properly and even better than the present co-operativesugar mills. Farmers are of the view that the area of sugarcane has been increasing steadily for the last fewyears as some irrigation projects have come up in the command area However, following expectations fromthe proposed expansion of SSL shall be taken care of:

1. Cane price shall be paid on par with the existing sugar units around SSL.2. Good quality seed material of sugarcane shall be provided by SSL, as there is no source for

good seed material in the command area.3. At the time of plantation, crop loan and basal dose of fertilizer shall be linked so that farmers

apply the basal dose of fertilizer


4. SSL has made arrangement for soil testing and accordingly fertilizer doses are recommended.It is done not only for members of SSL but also for all farmers who supply sugarcane to SSL.

5. SSL shall provide the seeds of green manure. It is reported by a number of farmers thatorganic fertilizer coupled with chemical fertilizers if applied in balanced quantity, give aconsiderably higher yield of sugarcane particularly in medium and light soils. Thus, it isnecessary that organic fertilizer be utilized to increase the sugar yield.

6. SSL has already undertaken construction of permanent metal roads in the command areas tomitigate SPM and to reduce noise pollution.

7. Due to benefits accrued from the irrigation project, the number of electric pumps operating inthe area as well as new pump connections would increase and there would be a long waitinglist for electricity shortage and low voltage problems. SSL would ensure constant andcontinuous electricity supply for agricultural operations.

8. Farmers are imparted training in sugarcane cultivation.9. All studies, which are made available by SSL to their own members, shall be provided to

other sugarcane growers also.10. Press mud- ash mixing and bio-compost should be made available at the farmer’s field.11. Interest rates on loans should be uniform in case of non-members as well as members.12. In some of the villages, new lift irrigations schemes should be promoted.13. Timely payment should be made to farmers.

6.3 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

It is an activity to store rain water during rainy seasons also to conserve surface and ground water, preventlosses of evaporation, seepage for best probable use of such rainwater for the betterment of humanity. Water isan essential commodity & its availability on the ground surface is definite. As the population goes onincreasing per capita need of one man and thus total requirement of water shall increasing day by day. Ifproper measures are not proposed and implanted water scarcity can occur surely. With the use of store of rainwater each house and even small piece of land can store enough water for its use. Rain water is available inthe purest form from the atmosphere it may get contaminated and may not be use for drinking purpose, but fordomestic and agricultural it can be useful. In many villages in India such stored water is not available as theGrampanchayats lack funds needed for the same. Almost 80% of the villages depend upon water uptake fromrivers, wells, barrages irrigation schemes etc. With a simple common idea not to let the rain water to drain,almost 30-40% of the water needs of a man can be available. It also helps to raise the water table in the area inthe vicinity.

In brief the idea is described as follows:

1. On each roof of the building rain water collection arrangements shall be made.2. On the ground floor suitable cement, HDP or MS tank shall be provided.3. Natural water filtration and further storage shall be arranged.4. Filtration device shall contain gravel, coarse and fine sand, next by mixing with finely divided charcoal

powder the soluble impurities, colours, odours if any will be adsorbed and removed.5. Thus, potable water can be stored near the quarters.6. Excess water if any shall be transferred to nearby wells, tube well.

Once the rain water is stored and is available during crucial period of water shortage from March to July itsavailability in time can be realized. With such arrangement to collect and store rain water, proper harvesting ata time of need in summer season in plant area will surely help the people to avoid their struggle for water andfor their existence.


The incident rain water quantity available for harvesting can be estimated. In Raibag taluku around 490 mmrainfall is incident. The storage tank shall be designed on basis of rainfall patterns and volume, the duration ofthe dry period and, of course, the estimate of demand. Sometimes sophisticated calculations are involved, butthese tend not to take into account human behavior and the willingness to use water if it is available and not toconserve it for future use, in the hope that the dry spell will soon be over. The run-off from a roof is directlyproportional to the quantity of rainfall and the plan area of the roof. For every one millimeter of rain a squaremeter of roof area will yield one liter of water, less evaporation, spillage losses and wind effects. The run-offcoefficient accounts for losses due to splashing, evaporation, leakage and overflows and is normally taken as0.8. The rain water calculations are given below:

Annual Rainfall in the area is = 490 mm/yearAvailable catchment = 16033 m2

Roof Run off coefficient = 0.8

S = R x A x Cr= (600 x 16033 x 0.8) /1000= 7695840 /1000= 7695.8 m3 / season

Where, S = Mean rainwater supply in m3 R = Annual rainfall in mm/yearA = Surface area of catchment in m2 Cr = Run-off coefficient

Dimension of storage tank of 9m x 9m x 3m will be made. These tanks are made of concrete or ferro cement.

6.4 BUDGET PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTThe management will set aside adequate funds in its annual budget to fulfill the stated objectives of theenvironmental policy. For environmental management capital equipment includes ESP, effluent treatmentplant, pipelines and channels for wastewater discharge, green belt development, and the environmentlaboratory. The estimated investment & operating cost for environmental management is approximately asshown below:

Sr.No.

Capital Investment All figures in Rs. lakhs

1 Air & Noise Pollution Control Facilities 32002 ETP & firefighting facilities 8003 Green Belt development, Rain water harvesting 3004 Laboratory Facility for Monitoring, Safety equipment

& medical facilities200

Total 4500Recurring Cost of Operation and Maintenance

Air & Noise Pollution Control Facilities 105ETP & firefighting facilities 50Green Belt development, Rain water harvesting 23Laboratory Facility for Monitoring, Safety equipment& medical facilitiesTotal 178

GREEN BELTAround 8.07 Hectares (19.93 acres) is being developed as green belt. Around 4 hectares (9.88 acres) shall bedeveloped as green belt in the proposed expansion.


EXISTING GREEN BELT: The following is the list of plants planted in the premises of site.

Names of the plantsNeem treeCustard appleAshoka treeGulmoharCoconut treeOrnamental treeGuava treeBanian treeRasberry

6.5 Implementation of EMP

Air Environment Monitor the consented parameters at ambient air quality monitoring stations, regularly. Monitor the work zone at various stations to satisfy the corporate requirements for health and

environment. Pre-examining of the raw material in the lab, for purity. Storing of the material in proper fashion in tank-farm. Multi location local instruments for stringent process control. Provide storm water drainage and avoid contamination of storm water from process areas. Label and store hazardous materials in secure, bounded areas. Green Belt around

Water Environment Keep record of input water every day for quantity and periodically of quality. Measures are taken to segregate the sub-streams of effluent as per their characterization. Monitor the storm-water Water conservation is accorded high priority in every section of the activity. Process Wastewater Boiler blow down & cooling purging water reused for gardening after treatment. Keep record of wastewater returned back to gardening, both the quantity and quality details.

Solid waste

Monitor garden sweepings and dry leaves Stored on raised platform Hazardous material like spent oil, inorganic ETP sludge will be sent to Common Hazardous Waste

Treatment & Disposal Facility [CHWTDF]. Solid waste reusable like empty containers.

Noise & Odour Environment

The Project will generate noise from various locations like -• Steam Generator• Rotary equipments like fans, blowers and compressors• Combustion Chamber• Steam traps and leaking points

The proponent shall provide the following facilities, which will reduce the overall impact of noise pollution.


Use of better acoustic systems to minimize noise generated by the equipment. Regular maintenance ofequipment to minimize noise pollution.

Monitor the ambient noise level and work zone noise level to conform the stipulated norms. Creation of awareness for noise attenuation and mitigation program. Monitor the ambient Odour level and work zone Odour level by sensing. Creation of awareness for Odour attenuation and mitigation program

Work-zone Comfort Environment

Monitor the work zone temperature levels. Monitor the work zone humidity. Examine the health of staff workers and keep record.

6.6 ENVIRONNENT MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY

Company is aware that environmental management is not a job, which can be handled without a carefulplanning. The success lies if three components are simultaneously present viz. (1) management support, (2)efficiency of the environment management cell and (3) acceptability of resulting environmental quality, bothby SPCB and by public. A structure of this plan and hierarchy of process flow for environmental managementis prepared and enclosed as logics, which is self-explanatory. Developers will adopt this structure andhierarchy, which is akin to principles and practice.

Top Management

SP CB

Public

Environment

Management

Plan

In-plant

Control

Treatment

Disposal

Attenuation

Monitoring

Prevention,Abatement

Waste minimization

Operation

Documentation

Operation

Awareness

Feedback

Internal Lab.

III- Party Lab.

Training

6.7 CHECKLIST OF STATUTORY OBLIGATIONS

Industry will prepare a checklist of these obligations, which facilitates the obedience of the laws of land.These are as follows:

1. The Consents, whether under the Water Act or under the Air Act, are normally issued for a fixedvalidity period. The Consent shall be checked for its validity. If the same is expiring, application for afresh renewal shall be made at least 90 days prior to the expiry date.2. The Consent normally describes the items of manufactured products with quantity. One should seethat, the described framework is not overstepped. In case, there is any likely hood of such increase, itwill be worthwhile to obtain permission for the same. At least a letter to that effect be posted to therelevant board officer.


3. The Consent lays down a condition as to the volume and rate of discharge of effluents both fordomestic as well as the industrial activity. By daily and hourly checks at the measuring devices, this beascertained. Please do not forget to immediately make a record in the daily log-book.4. A condition laid down for the treatment and disposal is of extreme importance. For this purpose, ETPor ECE is provided by the industry. There should be a continuous performance evaluation of thesegadgets, so as to always remain inside tolerance limits. In case, you are exceeding the limits in certainparameters it is better to bring it on your internal record. The exceedance is discussed with the consultant,your production group and well-meaning Board authorities to seek guidance. Perhaps solution may befound in any or all of the following steps: Characterization of raw effluents/emissions. Attempting in-plant controls. Operation, maintenance, repairs and replacement of the ETP, ECE. Retrofit equipment to the existing plant.6. Please check that the storm water and effluents do not get mixed.7. Monitoring aspects are always very crucial. For operating the plant, certain parameters be constantlychecked. However, it will be a good practice to check daily, all the parameters through standard andapproved laboratories.8. The industry should device their own format for a daily log book recording of the running of their ETPor ECE. If the format is found to be satisfactory by trial and error it is better to finalize it and get printed.A printed format shows your conscious efforts towards the goal of pollution control, whenever anyinspection takes place.9. The Cess amount be paid as per assessment orders and record maintained.10 Documentation is always a matter of evidential value. No job is complete unless paper work iscomplete. Occupier/generator should carefully note this, and following be developed. Gate-pass when waste leaves the factory by a transport towards the treatment facility. Keep thereceipts. A receipt of material as signed by the facility Operator as a manifested colour coded copy is preservedfor three years.

6.8 ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATION

Environmental organization will have an environmental cell responsible for pollution control and also for self-examination through monitoring.

6.8.1 Environment Management Cell

Such massive work cannot be conceived unless a framework of men, material and money is speciallyearmarked. This is done by establishing a Environment Management Plan first and the an EnvironmentManagement Cell. The cell shall be backed by the highest person of the Organization.The structure shall be as follows:

Sr. No Designation Purpose1 Project Managing Director Policy2 Project Resident Director Guide3 Watch Dog Committee Super-Check4 Civil Engineer Construction

Environment Engineer O & M of ETP, Analysis of effluent, monitoring,Chief Medical Officer Occupational health


6.9 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL

The Responsibility is described as below:

Sr No. Responsibility Area Aspects1 Civil Engineer.

Job A

Construction Phase Material waste minimization, labor campsanitation, Noise, oil-grease and vibrationnuisance control, accident prevention.

Post-construction Remediation of ugly sites2 Environment

Engineer.Air Car census, PUC control, ODS control, Noise &

Odor mitigation, Dust controlWater Water budget, O & M of Water Purification &

Wastewater Treatment Plants.Solid waste Segregation, Collection, Composting, CartingGreening Tree Census, Tree Planting, Lawn Development,

Storm water, Agri. Return water, Control on useof pesticides, nursery

Monitoring Field observations, laboratory tests, interpretation& Reporting

Public relations &Press

Documentation, Updating, rehabilitation, training,Meetings, Rapport

3 Medical Officer. OccupationalHealth

Routine surveillance, prevention, accident relief,Snake bite remedies.

Bio-Medical waste Prevention, Abatement, Control and Disposal.Training.

Responsibility of Environment Management CellThe Cell working under CEE (Chief Environmental Engineer) shall be as follows:

Level Sub Level Section Designations

CEE Office Management Administrative officer AOChief Accounts Officer CAOPublic Relations Officer PRO

Technical Deputy CEETraining Officer TOStatistical Officer SO

Field Zonal Officers ZOWard Officers WOSanitary Inspectors

Horticultural HorticulturistAssistant HorticulturistsGardeners

Monitoring Laboratory Senior Scientific Officer SSOScientific assistants SALab Assistant

Field SamplersMobile Lab Operator

Plus other attendant staff like clerks, peons, driver, storekeeper etc.


6.10 CONSENT COMPLIANCEIndustry shall undertake necessary measures to comply with the conditions prescribed in the Consent. In thisdirection, the following discipline will be followed.

Condition Regarding Mode of ComplianceQuantity of Effluent To be measured daily and in-plant control. Not to exceed any timeQuantity of Sewage To be measured periodically. Not to exceedTotal water input To be measured daily. Repair meters. Not to exceed. Make break-up as per

usages. Fill monthly Cess returns. Pay as per assessmentQuality of Effluents By running ETP in correct fashion. Monitor &. ReportDisposal Not over application. No percolation, no spillages. Monitor.Ambient Keep monitoring.Noise levels Check foundation for vibrations, Tree plantationSolid Waste Quantity to be measured & record kept. To plan for agencies for segregation,

compost sites, compost hardware.Environment Audit To be complied every year before 30th Sept., as also the (ESR)

Environmental status reportInspections Inspection Book to be opened. Instructions given by KSPCB visiting officer

to be complied and reported.Service industries To forecast what type of industries may be required in Tourism Centre and

approach KSPCBBuilding material To forecast such requirement and apply

Watch-dog Committee

A high power watch dog committee will be set up which will have a power of sudden spot inspections,checking of documents and listening to complaints if any. This committee will supervise over the monitoringand environmental management cell as may be necessary, generally over the following facets of works:

Treatment and emission control management Transport management Disposal management Monitoring Documentation Law enforcement

6.11 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PROVISION BY SSL

SSL is planning to develop nearby villages as per the identified requirement of the region under CSR activity.This will increase the social and economical sector of the region. SSL has decided to adopt three nearbyvillages to implement CSR. These villages were selected on the basis of shortfall of basic amenities. Majorlythese villages are depending on the agriculture. Following are the identified provisions for the area:

Capacity Building and Training for vocational Courses Village infrastructure Sustainable power development Drinking water facility Women Empowerment trough training and financial support Education Support through Extension of Building, Scholarship, Books Primary Health Centres through health camps, up gradation of Building, New Building etc Agriculture Development Program


6.11.1 Capacity Building and Training for vocational Courses

SSL will provide the vocational training for youth as per their qualification and interest. This will enable themto get employment at proposed power plant. It will increase their social and economical status.

SSL will implement this by hiring the proper and renowned institute from nearby area (possibly fromChikodi) to arrange the trainings. SSL will form a supervisory committee to inspect all the activities and alsotake care of the requirement for the training program.

6.11.2 ACTION PLAN FOR IDENTIFICATION OF LOCAL EMPLOYEE

Employee youth for training in skill relevant to the project for eventual employment in the project itself shallbe as under –

Identification of employable Youth

SSL will continuously have interactions with Schools, Junior Colleges, Industrial Training Schools located inBilagi taluku. Training Division of SSL will have campus interview in the Schools, Junior College,Industrial training Schools located in Raibag & Chikodi taluks.

After selecting the youth they will be provided ITI training in the following areas1. Fitters2. Welders3. Carpenters4. bar bending5. Mason6. Maintenance of Pumps and other mechanical equipments7. Electrical Maintenance8. Environment Monitoring9. Green belt Development ( Gardner Training)10. Laboratory Chemist ( Water Testing)11. Brick Manufacturing12. Vehicle Driver

After successful training the youths will be appointed at appropriate position in BSML.

6.11.3 Village infrastructure

SSL shall support villagers in Road, sanitation facilities, shopping centers, solar lighting, communitydevelopment, construct school building, primary health centers etc.

6.11.4 Drinking water facility

SSL has proposed to make provision for drinking water at the said villages. BSML will meet this requirementby constructing water storage tank, bore wells and hand pumps.

6.11.5 Women Empowerment trough training and financial support

SSL has proposed to develop the training centre as handy craft making, household goods making, tailoringetc. It will increase the economic level of the region.

6.11.6 Education Support through Extension of Building, Scholarship, Books

SSL is planning to improve educational level of the region. It will be implemented by helping school buildingconstruction, providing books to poor student, scholarship to financially poor students per year as per their


previous academic record. This will motivate the student in education. SSL will give opportunity to educatedyouth to work in plant.

6.11.7 Primary Health Centres through health camps, up-gradation of Building, New Building etc

SSL is willing to help in setting up of primary health centres, running free check-up camps, help in buildinghospitals and buying machineries, funding to health centres etc,

6.11.8 Agriculture Development Program

Training on agriculture extension service e.g. fertilizer application, pest management, & Agro clinic. Trainingshall be regularly conducted by reputed agriculture institutes.

6.11.9 BUDGETARY COMMITMENT OF CSR

Sr. no Activity Rs. inlakhs

1 Capacity Building Training for vocational Courses 52 Village infrastructure, 53 Drinking water facility in villages nearby 54 Women Empowerment through training and financial support 55 Education Support through Extension of Building, Scholarship, Books 56 Primary Health Centers through health camps, 107 Agriculture Extension Program 10

Total for 1 year 45Total for 5 years 225

6.11.10 CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION (CREP)GUIDELINES IMPLEMENTION

Industrial development is an important constituent in our pursuits for economic growth, employmentgeneration and betterment in the quality of life. On the other hand, industrial activities, without properprecautionary measures for environmental protection are known to cause pollution and associated problems.Hence, it is necessary to comply with the regulatory norms for prevention and control of pollution. Alongside,it is also imperative to go beyond compliance through adoption of clean technologies and improvement inmanagement practices. Commitment and voluntary initiatives of industry for responsible care of theenvironment will help in building a partnership for pollution control.


SUGAR INDUSTRY

Sr. No. CREP Guidelines by CPCB Implementation and expansion by IndustryWaste Water Management

As per guidelines Operation of ETPshall be started at least one monthbefore starting of cane crushing toachieve desired MLSS so as to meetthe prescribed standards from day oneof the operation of mill.

ETP is already in operation for existing capacity& the capacity shall be enhanced as perrequirement of Expansion of project.

Reduce wastewater generation to 100litres per tonne of cane

Waste water generation is very less and whateverthe wastewater is generated will be treated andreused in the industry itself. Condensaterecycling measures shall be adopted.

To achieve zero discharge in inlandsurface water bodies

Generated wastewater will be treated & reused inthe industry itself and irrigation

To provide 15 days storage capacityfor treated effluent to take care of nodemand for irrigation during monsoon

15 days storage is provided

Emission ControlTo install /bag filter /high efficiencyscrubber to comply with standardsfor particulate matter emission to<150 mg/Nm3

ESP is already installed & maintained forexisting plant. A new Electro static precipitatorshall be installed for the boiler in the proposedexpansion.

COGEN POWER PLANT

Sr.No.

CREP Guidelines by CPCB Implementation & expansion by Industry

Emission minimization1 Authority to examine possibility to reduce

the particulate matter emissions to 100mg/Nm3. The studies shall also suggest theroad map to meet 100 mg/Nm3 whereverfound feasible.

Emission will be maintained well within thelimit, from stack by installing ESP with highefficiency of 99.99% & roads are already paved.Hence there will not be major increase in PMfrom vehicular traffic.

Development of SO2 & NOx emissionstandards

Bagasse contains very negligible amount of SO2& NOx.

MaintenanceInstall/activate capacity meters/ continuousmonitoring system in all the units withproper calibration system

Will be installed for the expansion project

Development of guidelines/ standards formercury and other toxic heavy metalsemissions.

Not Applicable

Review of stack height requirement andguidelines for power plants based on micrometeorological data.

Stack height for proposed plant is planned90m, which is calculated CPCB and MoEFapproved guidelines

Power plants will sign fuel supplyagreement (FSA)

Fuel is generated in house i.e. bagasse.

Dry ash to the users outside the premises oruninterrupted access to the users within sixmonths

Dry ash will be collected and given to memberfarmers as fertilizer.


CHAPTER 7ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM


7.1 MONITORING SYSTEM

7.1.1 Formation of Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

Monitoring and feedback becomes essential to ensure that the mitigation measures planned by way ofenvironmental protection function efficiently during the entire period of SSL’s operation. Hence, anenvironmental management cell comprising senior officials is constituted. EMC performs the followingfunctions:

Monthly review of environmental problems and monitoring of installation / performance / maintenance ofpollution control measures.

Enforcement of latest rules and regulations under relevant Environmental protection Acts.

Preparation of budgetary estimates to seek sanctions for new pollution control measures if required and /or for up-gradation of existing ones based on new technologies.

Emergency planning

EMC meets at least once a month and takes stock of progress of work relating to decisions taken and targetsset in the previous meeting.

7.1.2 Formation of Task Force

A task force having organizational set-up comprising SSL staff of various grades shall be constituted. Thetask force will ensure following tasks:

Monitoring activities within core and buffer zone of SSL as per program given in 6.4.3

Monitoring of efficiency of pollution control schemes.

Preparation of maintenances schedule of pollution control equipment and treatment plants and see that itis followed strictly.

Inspection and regular cleaning of setting tanks, drainage system etc.

Green –belt development

Water and energy conservation

Good housekeeping

Appraising EMC on regular basis

7.1.3 Monitoring Program

Monitoring schedule given by KSPCB will be strictly followed to ensure the success of environmentalmanagement activities.

In general, the monitoring schedule shall be as follows:

Ambient air monitoring

Monitoring of ambient air quality within 10 km radius of SSL at 5 stations.

Pollutants monitored shall be Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen. Monitoringshall be carried out as per consent conditions throughout the crushing season.

Metrology

Monitoring of meteorological data shall be carried out (Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Maximum andMinimum Temperature, Relative Humidity and Cloud Cover) at any single representative station location onambient air monitoring days.


Water monitoring

Surface Water Sources

Sampling of Krishna River water shall be carried out once in 6 months.

Three grab samples shall be collected at the rate of one sample each on 3different days.

Ground Water Sources

Sampling of ground water from 5 existing open-wells / borewells located within 10 kms buffer zone of SSLshall be carried out once in six months.

Analysis of samples collected from effluent, surface and ground water sources shall be carried out forparameters stated in the consent issued by State Pollution Control Board.

Soil testing

Soil samples from various agriculture fields in the command area shall be regularly collect and analysed inorder to confirm optimum doses of fertilisers to be used by the farmers in order to ensure maximum sugarcaneyield.

Noise monitoring

Hourly noise levels shall be monitored near all the noise making equipment for a period of 8 hours as perconsent conditions. Hourly noise level shall also be monitored for 8 hours at the periphery of SSL site.

7.2 LABORATORY FACILITIES AND MONITORING PLAN

7.2.1 MONITORING FACILITY

SSL is having its own laboratory for testing certain parameters & has installed online monitoring as per CPCBconditions. Apart from this it is getting the monitoring work done from approved laboratories. In due courseof time, SSL may acquire-monitoring equipments namely High Volume Samplers, Stack Monitoring Kit,Noise Monitoring Equipment etc. for carrying out environmental monitoring work. The in house monitoringshall be highly recommended to save the cost incurred.

LABORATORY FACILITIES AND MONITORING PLAN

[I]. MONITORING PLAN

A comprehensive monitoring program is suggested. Environmental attributes should be monitored as givenbelow:

AIR POLLUTION AND METROLOGICAL ASPECSTS

Both ambient air quality and stack emissions are being monitored. It is also proposed that continuousmonitoring of SPM, NOx and SO2 emissions be undertaken in the major stacks. The ambient air should bemonitored in line with the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board.

WATER AND WASTE WATER QUALITY

All the effluents emanating from the plant are being monitored as per KSPCB consent conditions. In additionground water samples of the surrounding area will be monitored as per KSPCB consent conditions.

NOISE LEVELS

Noise levels in the work zone environment shall be monitored. The frequency should be once in three monthsin the work zone.

[II] LABORATORY FACILITIES

Laboratory is provided with man power and facilities for self monitoring of pollutants generated in theindustry and also it effects on the receiving soil, water body and atmosphere.


The laboratory is equipped with instruments and chemicals required for monitoring following pollutionparameters.

a. For water

pH, Temp, BOD, C.O.D. T.D.S., Cl, SO4, PO4 N, Na, K, D.O. etc

b. For gases

Parameters like Velocity, temperature, PM, SO2, Nox, CO & CO2 from the stack. PM, SO2, Nox fromAmbient air.

c. Meteorology

Wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.

iii. RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED

Following records will be maintained by the environmental department in respect of operation of pollutioncontrol facilities

Log sheet for Recording ETP results for waste water.

Log sheet for Operation of A.P.C. plant.

Instruction manual for operation and maintenance of ETP, APC etc.

Log sheets for self monitoring of ETP & APC etc.

Manual for monitoring of Air, Water and Soil for Ambient conditions

Instruction manual for monitoring of water, solid and gaseous parameter discharged from the factory andalso for various parameters of pollution control facilities.

Statutory records as per the Environmental Acts.

Monthly and annual progress reports.

[IV] SAMPLING SCHEDULE AND LOCATIONS

Post project monitoring schedule for various environmental parameters is given in Table –

Particulars location FrequencyAmbient Air Quality 2 samples down wind direction at 500m and

1000m1 sample at up wind direction at 500m

24 hr sample half yearly

Flue gas from Chimney for flowrate SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOX

Sampling port of chimney Monthly

Meteorological data Site DailyGround Water 1 Km from ETP

2 locations on where the treated wastewateris used for land irrigation/gardening

Half Yearly

River water 1 each down and upstream QuarterlySoil From the agriculture land utilizing the

pressmud, boiler ash and treated effluent foragriculture.

Pre and post Monsoon

Waste Water At site of final discharge point MonthlyWater From Bore well In the vicinity of the factory twice a year


CHAPTER 8DISASTER CONTROL PLAN


8.0. RISK ASSESSMENT

Industrial accidents result in great personal and financial loss. Managing these accidental risks in today’senvironment is the concern of every industrial unit, because either real or perceived incidents can quicklyjeopardize the financial viability of a business. Many facilities involve various manufacturing processesthat have the potential for accidents which may be catastrophic to the plant, work force, environment &public.

The main objective of the risk assessment study is to propose a comprehensive but simple approach to carryout risk analysis and conducting feasibility studies for industries and planning and management of industrialprototype hazard analysis study in Indian context.

Risk analysis and risk assessment should provide details on Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) techniquesused world-over to determine risk posed to people who work inside or live near hazardous facilities, and to aidin preparing effective emergency response plans by delineating a Disaster Management Plan (DMP) to handleonsite and offsite emergencies. Hence, QRA is an invaluable method for making informed risk-basedprocess safety and environmental impact planning decisions. This is fundamental to any facility-sitingdecision-making. QRA whether, site-specific or risk-specific for any plant is complex and needs extensivestudy that involves process understanding, hazard identification, consequence modelling, probabilitydata, vulnerability models/data, local weather and terrain conditions and local population data. QRA may becarried out to serve the following objectives.

1. Identification of safety areas2. Identification of hazard sources3. Generation of accidental release scenarios for escape of hazardous materials from the facility4. Identification of vulnerable units with recourse to hazard indices5. Estimation of damage distances for the accidental release scenarios with recourse to Maximum

Credible Accident (MCA) analysis6. Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOP) in order to identify potential failure cases of significant

consequences7. Estimation of probability of occurrences of hazardous event through fault tree analysis and

computation of reliability of various control paths8. Assessment of risk on the basis of above evaluation against the risk acceptability

criteria relevant to the situation9. Suggest risk mitigation measures based on engineering judgement, reliability and risk analysis

approaches10. Delineation / up-gradation of Disaster Management Plan (DMP).11. Safety Reports: with respect to external safety report/ occupational safety report12. The risk assessment report may cover the following in terms of the extent of damage with resource to

MCA and delineation of risk mitigations measures with an approach to DMP. Hazard identification - identification of hazardous activities, hazardous materials,

past accident records, etc. Hazard quantification - consequence analysis to assess the impacts of Risk Presentation Risk Mitigation Measures Disaster Management Plans


Predictive methods for estimating risk should cover all the design intentions and operating parametersto quantify risk in terms of probability of occurrence of hazardous events and magnitude of its consequence.

8.1 Risk Assessment Process and Risk Analysis Methodologies

It is the process of identifying and analyzing inherent and residual risks to the achievement of anorganization’s objectives.

Risk Analysis Methodologies

Quantitative Method8.1.1 Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)

QRA is a mathematical approach to engineers to predict the risks of accidents and give guidance onappropriate means of minimizing them. Nevertheless, while it uses scientific methods and verifiable data,QRA is a rather immature and highly judgmental technique, and its results have a large degree of uncertainty.Despite this, many branches of engineering have found that QRA can give useful guidance. However, QRAshould not be the only input to decision-making about safety, as other techniques based on experience andjudgment may be appropriate as well. Risk assessment does not have to be quantitative, and adequateguidance on minor hazards can often be obtained using a qualitative approach.

The Key Components of QRA

It is a very flexible structure, and has been used to guide the application of risk assessment to many differenthazardous activities. With minor changes to the wording, the structure can be used for qualitative riskassessment as well as for QRA.The first stage is system definition, defining the installation or the activity whose risks are to be analyzed. Thescope of work for the QRA should define the boundaries for the study, identifying which activities are to beincluded and excluded, and which phases of the installation's life are to be addressed. Then hazardidentification consists of a qualitative review of possible accidents that may occur, based on previous accidentexperience or judgment where necessary. There are several formal techniques for this, which are useful intheir own right to give a qualitative appreciation of the range and magnitude of hazards and indicateappropriate mitigation measures. This qualitative evaluation is described in this guide as 'hazard assessment'.In QRA, hazard identification uses similar techniques, but has a more precise purpose - selecting a list ofpossible failure cases that are suitable for quantitative modelling.

Once the hazards have been identified, frequency analysis estimates possibility of occurrence of accidents.The frequencies are usually obtained from analysis of previous accident experience, or by some form oftheoretical modelling.






















In parallel with the frequency analysis, consequence modelling evaluates the resulting effects if the accidentsoccur, and their impact on personnel, equipment and structures, the environment or business. Estimation of theconsequences of each possible event often requires some form of computer modelling, but may be based onaccident experience or judgments if appropriate. When the frequencies and consequences of each modelledevent have been estimated, they can be combined to form measures of overall risk. Various forms of riskpresentation may be used. Risk to life is often expressed in two complementary forms:

1. Individual risk - the risk experienced by an individual person.2. Group (or societal) risk - the risk experienced by the whole group of people exposed to the hazard.

The process explained as above is purely technical, and is known as risk analysis. The next stage is tointroduce criteria, which are yardsticks to indicate whether the risks are acceptable, or to make some otherjudgment about their significance. This step begins to introduce non-technical issues of risk acceptability anddecision-making, and the process is then known as risk assessment.

In order to make the risks acceptable, risk reduction measures may be necessary. The benefits from thesemeasures can be evaluated by repeating the QRA with them in place, thus introducing an iterative loop intothe process. The economic costs of the measures can be compared with their risk benefits using cost-benefitanalysis.

The results of QRA are some form of input to the design or ongoing safety management of the installation,depending on the objectives of the study.

Qualitative Method Preliminary risk analysis Hazard and operability studies(HAZOP) Failure mode and effects analysis(FMEA/FMECA) Discussion and conclusion

8.1.2 Qualitative risk analysis methodologies

Qualitative methods used in risk analysis namely preliminary risk analysis (PRA), hazard and operabilitystudy (HAZOP), and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA/FMECA) are dealt in this section.

Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA)

Preliminary risk analysis or hazard analysis is a qualitative technique which involves a disciplined analysis ofthe event sequences which could transform a potential hazard into an accident. In this technique, the possibleundesirable events are identified first and then analysed separately. For each undesirable events or hazards,possible improvements, or preventive measures are then formulated.The result from this methodology provides a basis for determining which categories of hazard should belooked into more closely and which analysis methods are most suitable. Such an analysis helps in identifyingactivities lacking safety measures. With the aid of a frequency/ consequence diagram, the identified hazardscan then be ranked according to risk, allowing measures to be prioritized to prevent accidents.

Mitigation Measures

The purpose of mitigation is to identify measures that safeguard the environment and the community affectedby the proposal. Mitigation is both a creative and practical phase of the EIA process. It seeks to find the bestways and means of avoiding, minimizing and remedying impacts. Mitigation measures must be translated intoaction in the correct way and at the right time, if they are to be successful. This process is referred to as impactmanagement and takes place during project implementation. A written plan should be prepared for thispurpose, and includes a schedule of agreed actions. Opportunities for impact mitigation will occur throughoutthe project cycle.


Noise Exposure

High sound levels may be generated from the equipment used in the manufacturing and utilities (e.g.compressed air, vacuum sources, unit operations system, etc). Irrespective of the enclosed design and antivibration control measures in the work place modules, the workers located close to the machines duringmanufacturing are exposed to noise.

Mitigation measures Good engineering practices. The rotation of employees in shift should be followed so as to reduce their exposure to noise sources for

longer period. Hearing protective devices in the form of ear muff and plug should be used to reduce employee’s exposure

to high noise levels. Comprehensive hearing conservation programs should be carried out to identify noise sources for its

prevention/control. Noise monitoring and medical surveillance should be carried out at regular intervals so as to assess the

workers exposures to noise and corrective measures.

8.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT (HIRA)

A core challenge faced by emergency managers is how to prevent, prepare, mitigate, respond and recoverfrom a myriad of hazards. Several questions arise when faced with this challenge:

What hazards exist in the project area? How frequently do they occur? How severe can their impact be on the community, infrastructure, property, and the environment? Which hazards pose the greatest threat to the community? A Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) assist emergency managers in answering these

questions. It is a systematic risk assessment tool that can be used to assess the risks of various hazards. There are three reasons why a HIRA is useful to the emergency management profession: It helps emergency management professionals prepare for the worst and/or most likely risks. Allows for the creation of exercises, training programs, and plans based on the most likely scenarios. Saves time and resources by isolating hazards that cannot occur in the designated area.

8.3. STORAGE OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres create risks from the indoor storage of dangerousSubstances. This has to be controlled by elimination or by reducing the quantities of such substances in theworkplace to a minimum and providing mitigation to protect against foreseeable incidents.

These should be located in designated areas that are (wherever possible) away from the immediate processingarea and do not jeopardise the means of escape from the workroom/working area. The flammable liquidsshould be stored separately from other dangerous substances that may enhance the risk of fire or compromisethe integrity of the container.

[I] Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only in a well-ventilated area. Use ground and boundcontainers during transfer of the material. Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Avoidcontact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Empty containers, retained product residue, (liquid and/or vapour), andcan be dangerous. Keep containers tightly closed. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Avoid ingestionand inhalation. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind or expose empty containers to heat,sparks or open flames.[II] Storage: Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a tightlyclosed container. Keep away from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated areaaway from incompatible substances & flammable area. Do not store near perchlorates, peroxides, chromicacid or nitric acid.


(C) EMISSION MECHANISMS AND CONTROL CONSIDERING STORAGE TANKS

Emissions from organic liquids in storage occur because of evaporative loss of the liquid during its storageand as a result of changes in the liquid level. The emission sources vary with tank design, as does the relativecontribution of each type of emission source. Emissions from fixed roof tanks are a result of evaporativelosses during storage (known as breathing losses or standing storage losses) and evaporative losses duringfilling and emptying operations (known as working losses). External and internal floating roof tanks areemission sources because of evaporative losses that occur during standing storage and withdrawal of liquidfrom the tank. Standing storage losses are a result of evaporative losses through rim seals, deck fittings, and/ordeck seams. The loss mechanisms for fixed roof and external and internal floating roof tanks are described inmore detail in this section. Variable vapour space tanks are also emission sources because of evaporativelosses that result during filling operations.

[i] Fixed Roof Tanks

A typical vertical fixed roof tank is type of tank consists of a cylindrical steel shell with a permanently affixedroof, which may vary in design from cone or dome shaped to flat. Losses from fixed roof tanks are caused bychanges in temperature, pressure and liquid level.

Fixed roof tanks are either freely vented or equipped with a pressure/vacuum vent. The latter allows the tanksto operate at a slight internal pressure or vacuum to prevent the release of vapors during very small changes intemperature, pressure or liquid level. In the current tank designs, the fixed roof tank is the least expensive toconstruct and is generally considered the minimum acceptable equipment for storing organic liquids.

[ii] Floating Roof Tanks

There are two types of floating roof tanks viz. external and internal. A typical external floating roof tank(EFRT) consists of an open topped cylindrical steel shell equipped with a roof that floats on the surface of thestored liquid. The floating roof consists of a deck, fittings, and rim seal system. Floating decks that arecurrently in use are constructed of welded steel plate and are of two general types: pontoon or double-deck.

An internal floating roof tank (IFRT) has both a permanent fixed roof and a floating roof inside.There are two basic types of internal floating roof tanks; tanks in which the fixed roof is supported by verticalcolumns within the tank, and tanks with a self-supporting fixed roof and no internal support columns.

(D) ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as mentioned below: Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye

and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. Respirators: A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2

requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warranta respirator's use.

Spills/Leaks: Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth), then place in suitable container.Remove all sources of ignition. Use a spark-proof tool. Provide ventilation. A vapour suppressing foam maybe used to reduce vapors.

(E) FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

General Information: Containers can build up pressure if exposed to heat and/or fire. As in any fire, wear aself-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full


protective gear. Vapors may form an explosive mixture with air. Vapors can travel to a source of ignition andflash back. Will burn if involved in a fire.

Flammable Liquid Can release vapors that form explosive mixtures at temperatures above the flashpoint. Usewater spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Containers may explode in the heat of a fire.

Extinguishing Media: For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or alcohol resistantfoam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray to cool fire-exposedcontainers. Water may be ineffective. Do NOT use straight streams of water.

Flash Point: 16.6oC (61.88oF)Auto ignition Temperature: 363o C (685.40 oF)Explosion Limits, Lower: 3.3% by volumeUpper: 19.0% by volume

8.4 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Occupational safety and health is very closely related to productivity and good employer employeerelationship. The main factors of occupational health in the proposed expansion are fugitive dust and noise. Toavoid any adverse effects on the health of workers due to dust, heat, noise sufficient measures have beenprovided in the proposed project. These include:

a) Provision of rest shelters for workers with amenities like drinking water, fans, toilets, etc.b) Provision of personal protection equipment (PPE) to the workers.

Existing toilets & rest shelters are sufficient to meet the requirement of the workers during theconstruction phase of the proposed expansion.

i. First aid facilities at the site. Ambulance will be provided for taking patients to the nearby hospital in case of medical emergency.

ii. Occupational Health & Safety in sugar cane crushing and bagasse based cogeneration Status of hygiene and health problems of all men due to working conditions and suggestion to prevent

the damage in future [British Standards Institutions created Occupational Safety & Health Agency], aredescribed and successfully implemented by OSHA 18001:1999 series.

It provides OH&S policy OSHA guidelines give an ideal and chalked out routes to use & curtail the damage to health of people in

any cases and conditions. It helps the organization to mitigate occupational health and safety risks. It is an effective tool for the management, based on systematic control on practices, to identify areas of

health damage, assessment of extent of damage, effective treatment and if needed the replacement of thejob the person can do, also to identify threat areas for employees at their work places.

It suggests plans to improve the working places conditions. It has reduced substantially cases of persons suffering from health problems due to the type of jobs they

perform. It gives rectification measures in frequently occurring problems. It provides to check and get treatment from medical experts. Thus it minimizes risk of health of the employees. It provides assurance to employees. It creates awareness in employees for cleanliness. It also provides a way for continuous improvement It helps to assess & maintain the EMP of an organization.


iii. Brief about Occupational Health and Safety of employees

In normal working, people are exposed to many agents / compounds/ particles which can hamper their healthtemporarily or permanently, finally resulting in notable damage to their health condition. This may result inreducing their ability to work & untimely initiation of other diseases can lead to death.

Normally four probable routes exist for entry in the body of a man, from respiratory track, GI track, skincontact or via any cut / wound caused. Due to consistent exposure, the ingoing materials may chemically reactwith body tissues, blood cells and/ or may remain for a longer time in the air sacks of lungs. They may assistgrowth of some micro organisms with their presence inside the body. Later they can create unwantedinteractions, degrade to lead to metabolites, end products, to lead to impairment to body organs or todeteriorate the working of the organ system. By careful, specific & precise operation the entry of suchdangerous materials can be lowered and finally eliminated. Personal protective equipment, shielding of thebody parts are the most common approaches in the same. The extent of damage due to exposure of dangerousmaterials depend upon the following factors.

Sl.No. Description1 Absorption depend upon rate of absorption in human body i.e. exposure time.2 Time duration and concentration3 Distance from source4 Personal tolerance level5 Susceptibility6 Personal hygiene and behavior7 State of matter

8.4.1. Hazards associated with human body are of three types viz. physical, chemical & biological.[A] Physical hazards:

No Type Effects Remedy1 Lifting heavy

loadsTemporary or permanent bonedamage & fragments, Weakness ofbone & spinal cord, new RBC &WBC forming process

Maximum capacity for a man tolift a load fixed as 50 kg,Automation of carts, trolleys,Prefer sliding than lifting

2 UV, IRIonizationradiations

Vision damage, skindamage, skin cancer

Proper cover to source of glare,use of coloured glasses

3 Light glare Damage to vision, lens opacity,Myopia

-do-

4 Poorillumination

Less accuracy in work Provide proper light

5 Excesstemperature /Heat stress

Heat exhaustion, fatigue,cramps, stroke, musclecramps, fainting, dry skin,heat rash, [ prickly heat],loss of hair

Distance be more from heatsource, to give drinking water &milk, Limited exposure, cool restrooms, Asbestos lined clothing &gloves, adjustment of work & restperiod

6 Cold stress Cracks in skin Proper clothing, gloves, aprons,body lotion

7 Vibrations andshocks

Vibration induced jointimpairment, Arthritis,

Parkinson disease

Absorption of excess shockwaves with clad medium, rubberpads, exact maintenance, properlubrication

8 Noise Temporary or permanent hearingdisability, loss of peace of mind

Minimum exposure, air plugs,muffs , reducing noise frequency


9 Dry air Lack of natural lubrication toskin, scaling, dermatitis, soriacis

Proper skin lotion and skin nourishmentUse of proper gloves

10 Humid climate Skin damage due growth of somemicroorganisms due to wet nature,dermatitis

Correct draining of all water fromwork place, Proper aprons, rain

coat, gloves, Use of body lotions11 Cold weather Skin cracks & damage due to

exposure to severe cold climate,dermatitis

Proper clothes, Use of proper skincovers

12 Wind &storms

Skin damage, woundformation on exposed skin

-do-

13 SPM and dustmatter

Damage from nostrils to lungs part ,Pneumonia,Temporary or permanent

Avoid / lessen exposure, Use masks,screens, Minimize/ avoid source

14 Excesspressurearea conditions

Effect on O2 intake capacity& N2

associated with it may damage toheart & lung muscles

Stepwise change over to normalair pressure,Keep less exposure period

[B] Chemical hazards

Sl.No. Compound Effect Remedy1 Chemicals used in the manufacturing

process & laboratory analysisDamage body parts, cracks in skin,Dermatitis

Protectiveequipment

[C] Biological hazards

Special reference to cane sugar crushing, molasses based and bagasse based power generation sector foroccupational health problems

Persons working in bagasse used power generation plant are always exposed to solids, particularly fine dust ofbagasse, trash and other fuel components. PM10 and PM2.5 enter air sacks after entering respiratory track wherethey settle. Due to precise size they are difficult to be removed from there. Moisture in fresh air and constantbody temperature make them to build microbial colonies. Treatment in such cases to curtail the infection inrespiratory track is a hail of a job for medical experts. Micro organisms have short life span and have to adoptconsistently for the survival. Thus they develop capability to resist the drugs / therapeutic agents / antibioticsetc. It is a battle at global level for decades together. No correct curing agent / exact or permanent solutionexist.

Persons working in bagasse based power generation area are exposed to

1 Excess air pressure zones and SPM prone area.2 Higher temperature to follow heat exhaustion, cramps, stress, stroke3 Moist / humid and dry weather area where skin damage may occur4 Lifting of excess load can lead to damage to bones & spinal cord5 Vibration induced bone joint damage & Arthritis, Parkinson’s disease can occur.6 To lessen SPM sprinkled water can lead to moist air. Such condition can lead to growth of mosquito,

insects, flies population to lead to Malaria & other epidemic diseases7 Electric shocks in case of short circuit

Various extents of the damages to different body parts can be:

1 Permanent or temporary deafness2 Slight or severe damage to bones & spinal cord, joints3 Anaemic condition due to less RBC, WBC & lacking of new blood formation4 Affect initial correct vision due to poor light as well as due to small particles


5 Damage to skin due to humid climate & water sprinkling, dermatitis / psoriasis, cracks to skin, dryskin

6 Damage to respiratory track to lead to businosis, pneumoconiosis, pneumonia7 Heat exhaustion, fatigue, stroke, rash, cramps, damage to muscles8 Excess heat exposure may lead to damage to reproductive system9 Electric shocks can lead to partial paralysis10 Damage to eye due to incident light particles.

Thus probable routes to mitigate such damages can be:

1 Precise man power selection2 Adequate pre employment training3 Optimum supervision at all levels4 Precise equipment selection5 Periodic and exact lubrication of the equipment, machines.6 Advance planning of substitution of equipment7 Prevention of solids to enter in respiratory track.8 As far as possible closed condition operation.9 Use of natural and forced fresh air supply at work place10 Adequate natural and forced air circulation as per needs11 Proper bonding and earthing of the machinery12 Proper insulation & core cover for power supply cables13 Proper selection for material movement14 Provision for cages, trolleys, carts, forklifts, cranes, shuttles for movement of material & men15 Automation of material handling16 Sprinkling of enough water to mitigate SPM17 Sufficient enlightening in work area when persons are inside18 Provision to keep shop floor dry19 Provision of fresh milk at least 2 full cups / person / 4 hours20 Provision of enough drinking water when needed.21 Provision of rest rooms / shelters to working staff22 Prevention of fly, mosquito, insects in spread water to mitigate SPM23 Provision of primary health centre / first aid booths with adequate drugs, Lotions, eye washers etc.

and attendants.24 Strict control to follow use of personal protective equipment like goggles, ear plugs, air muffs, aprons,

helmets, rain coats, respiratory kits / air pipes, safety belts etc.25 Periodic replacement of new / fresh teams to complete time scheduled task

Considering the observed facts a systematic approach and management plan of OSHA can profoundlyavoid damage fully to any person in cane sugar crushing, and bagasse based power generation sector.

8.4.2.Mitigation for all occupational hazardsMitigation measures cover notes on various operations in the processes. They are

[A] During concept, design and policy stage Precise selection of the process, raw materials Use of best equipment Optimum layout of vessels, tanks, pumps Correct location of ladders, platforms, pipe support and fittings Proper design of equipment to avoid any sort of solids to escape in air during operations. Proper design of equipment to avoid any contact of solvents and chemicals to working staff during

operations


[B] During erection and full commissioning stage Precise selection of persons in operation ( trained or skilled ) Pre-employment and periodic medical check up of all staff of factory Availability of the same record to each person concerned to understand his status of health. Thorough training of the operations, handling, dangers, safety, hazards and remedies for various

chemicals involved. At each stage proper and strict supervisory control for negligence. Use of wooden support, rubbers sheets, foams, shock absorbing materials, dampeners to vibrating

and noise making machines Proper guarding & painting to guard to all moving parts of all equipment as per IS standard. Proper bonding and earthing of machines, equipment. Automation and proper instrument appliances Prevention of all types of direct and indirect exposure of chemicals to staff Performance checking of all equipment before full commissioning Precise use of instruments in process Fixation of limit switches, isolators for equipment wherever needed / necessary. Proper gauge and selection of power supply cables and their effective insulation As per needs enough natural and forced draft air supply at work place Proper testing, X ray diffraction study etc. for tanks, vessels and availability of record of the same for

reference Proper selection of tanks, vessels, pumps and their material of construction Strict follow up for Oil industry safety directives for solvent tanks and pumps

[C] During operational phase

As far as possible closed condition in all processes A properly laid down standard operation procedure for all operation in plant Strict vigilance in process operation and control Proper rigid support to stand, ladders in operation for all valves on lines Provision of return lines for solvents from plant to avoid spillage and solvent loss Proper, exact and timely use of personal protective equipment like gloves, goggles, masks, breathing

apparatus, aprons, shoes, helmets, rain coat, eye washers, body showers, body lotions, etc. Flame proof fittings to all solvent storage areas and in plant Proper bonding and earthing to all equipment and vessels, tanks. Proper colour code to all pipe lines used Proper training to all staff to use the above personal protective equipment Strict use of cotton ware only to all staff in plant area Strict prohibition of any naked flame, match box, gas lighter, ignition source, any synthetic clothes in

plant area Display of material safety data sheets for all chemicals handled and present in plant operations Proper scrubbing arrangement for vent gases Implementation of green belt or tree plantation near solvent storage area in tank farm to avoid rise in

temperature in summer. Storage of chemicals, solvents in an underground state to avoid solvent losses


[D] Regarding storage of raw materials, solvent, fuels etc. Enough space between tanks in tank farm Proper illumination on street and in plant Proper colour code to tanks and pipe lines, gas lines Proper bonding and earthing to all metal flange joints of tanks to conduct and remove all static

charges Fixation of rigid and permanent lightening conductors to tanks Fixation of flame arresters to needed vessels Fixation of visible and correct gauges to bulk storage vessels Proper quality of gaskets and their fastening at right place Calibration of all tanks and their display Proper and timely labelling of all material during process and handling Proper loading and unloading system to solvents, fuels, bonding and earthing Proper rigid shade for gas cylinders to avoid direct sun light, storm, rain etc. Strict follow up for Gas Cylinder Rules No fuel / liquid / solvents transfer / loading / unloading during 18.00 to 06.00 hours from bulk store

and tank farm area to process area

[E] Maintenance Strict permit to work system for maintenance and other operations A well arranged periodic and preventive maintenance of all equipment Proper and exact lubrication to all machines, pumps, compressors, valves, lifts etc. Proper shut down operation plan Checking and replacement of worn out and faulty electrical cable in time Insertion of proper power isolators, circuit brakers, limit switches A well planned and adequate inventory of consumables needed

[F] Fire and fire fighting Follow up of BIS 2190 and NFPA code for all fires Proper selection of staff to handle fire extinguishers Periodic training to all concerned staff Proper selection of fire extinguishers Fixation of fire hydrant system Daily at least one trial of the fire hydrant system for its performance Reserved separate water stock for fire fighting and prevention program as per

Factory Act 1948 and MFR 1963. Generator back up for fire equipment Preparation of disaster control plan for all unit Periodic mock drills at least twice in a year and report to Joint Director, SHE.

G. Testing and certification of equipment and check up Proper testing and certification of all equipment as per DISH norms Periodic checking of meagre value of the earthing and its record Periodic testing of gases and solvent storage vessels as per Chief Controller of Explosives, Nagpur

after each 5 years Availability of the record of the same to concerned authorities After completion of 5 years for the structures, testing and stability certification from structural

engineer for all structures


Industrial Fire causes

No. Description Quantity %1 Electricity 232 Smoking 183 Friction 104 Material over heating 85 Hot surfaces 76 Burner flames 77 Combustible sparks 58 Spontaneous combustion 49 Welding and cutting 410 Interaction of Chemical 211 Static spark 212 Lightening 113 Miscellaneous 1

Timely good housekeeping, use of correct personal protective equipment, permit to work system, properselection of man power, prevention of any negligence, overlooking, over confidence and a stitch in time savesfurther nine attitudes can prevent 90 % of the causes to occur. It is better than cure.

Conditions leading for any fire and explosion to occur Any lacunae in design, fabrication, testing of tanks, vessels can create troubles during operations and

can initiate fire and explosion. Any hot object, hot metal parts due to sliding metal surface, lightening can cause a fire. Chief Controller of Explosives, Nagpur specified three classes of solvents as per their flash points. They

have also fixed criteria for safe and restricted storage of flammable liquids. Violation of such norms candefinitely lead to fire and probable explosion.

Mixing of solvents, leaking of solvents and any heat or ignition source will lead to a fire incidence Improper operations & dry running of pumps in any process operations will surely make a room for fire

/ explosion to occur. Successive variations in incoming power supply, incorrect power supply, worse or deteriorated status of

insulation of supply cables, worn out rubber / PVC insulation of power cables, overload on machinery,pumps etc. may lead to short circuiting and source of ignition to initiate any fire and make the situationworse or worst.

High temperature stresses during operation and pumping can lead to heat stress on metal parts of tanks,vessels & thus welding joints may weaken. Such conditions can lead to deterioration of vessels, toinitiate leakage and a fire incidence.

Improper gaskets, faulty pipe fittings can lead to leakage of solvents, dissolution of gasket material ordamage to gaskets. Thus they can be a source for a fire to start.

Improper, faulty and leaking valves will add to materials available for fire to consume if it initiates. Lack of metal bonding and earthling to all flange joints will assist storage of static charges and thus lead

to sparking and heat source to exist. Improper supports for working persons to reach safely to tank / valve / line etc can lead to small or big

accidents All above conditions surely lead to fires and consequent explosions. If an explosion occurs then worn parts of civil structure, metal containers may eject out & reach

distances upto 3 miles away.

Considering these observations and consequent probability we have to implement strict preventive andmitigation measures. They will surely reduce probability of fire and explosion to great extent and assist fireprevention and protection program.


Information about classes of fire, burning materials concerned, types of extinguishers and medium and theirIndian Standards can be described as follows:

Class ofFire

Description ExtinguishingMedium

Varieties IndianStandards

A Fire involving ordinary combustiblematerials like wood, paper, cloth,textile etc. where the cooling effectof water is essential to extinguishfire

Water Water type[ Gas pressure]Water type[Constant airpressure]

940

6234

B Fire with flammable liquid,petroleum product, oils, solvents,varnishes, thinner, paint whereblanketing Is essential

Mechanical foam /AFFFCarbon dioxideDry chemicalpowder

10204

28782171[4308]

C Fire involving gases, gaseousmaterials, LPG where it is needed todilute the burning gas at a very fastrate with an inert gas or a powder

Carbon dioxideDry chemicalpowder

28782171[4308]

D Fires involving metals likeMagnesium, Sodium, Potassium,Aluminium, Zinc etc. where theburning metal is reactive to waterand which needs specialextinguishing medium / technique

Special drypowder

2171[4861]

Also types of fire extinguishers, extinguishing medium and suitability for class of fire with ISI numbers intabulated form are:

Sl.No.

TYPE OFEXTINGUISHER

EXTINGUISHING MEDIUM

EFFECT OFEXTINGUISGHINGMEDIUM

A B C D

1 Water Type [ GasCartridge ]IS 940

Water Cooling S* NS**

NS NS

2 Water Type[Stored Pressure]OS 6234

Water Cooling S NS NS NS

3 Mechanical FoamTypeIS 10204

Mechanical Foam Blanketing /Smothering

NS S NS NS

4 Dry PowderIS 2171 / 10658

Dry Powder Smothering, reducing theoxygen content and retardingthe chain reaction

NS S S NS

5 Dry Powder[Special]OS 11833

Dry Powder[Special]

Smothering, reducing theoxygen content and retardingthe chain reaction

NS NS NS S

6 Carbon DioxideIS 2878 / 8149

Gas Smothering, reducing theoxygen content and retardingthe chain reaction

NS S S NS

7 AFFF Mech. -do- S S NS NS

* S denotes suitable** NS denotes not suitable


Thus salient features to implement the OSHA regulation are:i) Careful selection of personsii) Proper job training to all cadre personsiii) Adequate supervision in all areas

i. Well serviced & lubricated machineryii. Proper bonding and earthing of the equipment & electrical gadgets

iii. Advance plan for work environment monitoring & mitigationiv. Pre-employment & periodic check up of all employees & record of the samev. Setting primary medical centre at work place and first aid

vi. Provision of personal protective equipment, apron, gloves, goggles, helmets,ear plugs, air muffs

vii. Use of carts, cranes, fork lift, trolley, conveyor belting to handle materialsviii. Periodic rest in daily working

ix. Provision of water, milk , nourished food for working periodx. If needed timely medical treatment at any cost

xi. Provision of primary health centre / first aid booth on campusxii. Payment of compensation as per extent of damage to any body part / system /

Organ in part / fullyxiii. Family insurance schemexiv. Other Govt. benefits

8.5 HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES:The safety considerations in the design of the proposed project would be provided to contain and controlemergency.

8.5.1 Health and safety measures:

Regular inspection and maintenance of pollution control systems. Statutory approvals, waste treatment and disposal including stack emissions etc. Fully fledged fire protection system. Gloves and protective equipment to prevent health hazards. Use of splash proof safety goggles and shoes. To impart training at various levels including contractors and transport personnel for observing safe

work practices. Clearly define the procedures for inspection, operation and emergency shutdown of the process

operations. To device systematic accident prevention program to ensure safe and healthy working environment. Compliance of all statutory regulations. Environment monitoring and control of process parameters at various unit operations by providing

control measures in the plant. Eliminate unreasonable, research and where appropriate, implement advance technology in the design,

production services and to prevent pollution as well as conserve, recover and recycle raw materials. The workers exposed to noisy sources will be provided with ear muffs/plugs. Preventive maintenance activities so as to have smooth operations. Audit programs must be carried out to review the management system for identifying, evaluating and

controlling environmental, health and safety hazards. The health of the workers will be regularly checked by a well qualified doctor and proper records will be

kept for each worker.

8.5.2 POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

Eye: Causes severe eye irritation. May cause painful sensitization to light. May cause chemicalconjunctivitis and corneal damage.


Skin: Causes moderate skin irritation. May cause cyanosis of the extremities. Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause systemic

toxicity with acidosis. May cause central nervous system depression, characterized by excitement, followedby headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea. Advanced stages may cause collapse, unconsciousness,coma and possible death due to respiratory failure.

Inhalation: Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects characterized bynausea, headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. Causes respiratory tract irritation. May causenarcotic effects in high concentration. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.

Chronic: May cause reproductive and fetal effects. Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutageniceffects. Animal studies have reported the development of tumors. Prolonged exposure may cause liver,kidney, and heart damage.

8.6 DISASTER OR EMERGENCY CONTROL PLAN

When the full fledged activity of sugar & co-generation will gear up after expansion it will have to followFactories Act 1948 & with all amendments till date. Any directives from Director Safety, Health &Environment [SHE] will automatically be binding on SSL. In such condition to appoint a qualified SafetyOfficer is a must & will be an adequate, wise step in such direction. On site and off site disaster control plansand their perfect implementation will be part and parcel of the management & safety officer. To lessen theprobability of hazard that may occur & avoid the consequent damage, a disaster management and control planhas to be worked out for the whole complex in anticipation to the threat.

8.7 TYPE OF DISASTER AT SSL COMPLEX

Disaster can occur as on site or off site variety i.e. disaster on campus or disaster in nearby area causingindirect damage to site area & the complex.Disaster may occur due to two categories, natural and manmade calamities:Natural calamities cover Flood, Storm / typhoon, Earthquake, Tsunami, Heavy mist, fog, hail storm, Landslide.Man made calamities involve Fire & Explosion, All types of leakages & spillage, Electrocution,excavation, construction, erection, Sabotage, rail & road accidents, mass agitation, Looting, Morcha, war etc.

The identified hazardous areas in the complex are1. Boiler area - Explosion2. Oil tanks - Fire and spillage3. Turbine section - Explosion4. Electrical rooms - Fire and electrocution5. Transformer area - Fire and electrocution6. Cable - Fire and electrocution7. Storage facilities – Fire / spillage for fuel and molasses

Considering various probabilities the management & safety department has to create safety awareness &preparedness in all employees and people in the vicinity. In case of any sort of emergency& a chalked outplan shall attempt to overcome the disaster in time. This includes preparation of onsite and offsite disastercontrol plans, their mock drills at least 2 times in a calendar year, reports for the same to DISH & dueamendments for the perfect implementation.

8.8. LEVEL OF ACCIDENTIf there is any disaster in any part of plant/work place due to any reason, the level of accidents from damagepoint of view may vary. Accordingly accident prevention program will have to be initiated by safetydepartment simultaneously.


CRITICAL TARGETS DURING EMERGENCYLevel I AccidentsUnder this level disaster may happen due to electrocution, fire explosion, oil spillage and spontaneous ignitionof combustible material. This level has probability of occurrence affecting persons inside the plant. Varioushazardous areas identified in section 6.3 are the potential areas which may be affected due to level – Iaccidents.Level II AccidentsDisaster of this level can occur in case of sabotage and complete failure of all automatic control/warningsystems, and also if the fuel oil stored in tank and covered by tank bunds leaks out. However, probability ofoccurrence of this is very low due to the proposed adequate security training, and education level of plantpersonnel for the captive power plant.

8.9. SITE EMERGENCY CONTROL ROOM (SECR) & SITE MAIN CONTROLLER

In each segment of work from domestic level to war fighting team level approach always helps. If concernedman is aware of his duty at his place & need of the time he can complement to huge task of lessening thedamage of the disaster. To overcome the emergency in its occurrence it is the strategy to get prepared inadvance, plan for the team effort, educate others and reduce all effects of disaster.In case of any disaster main responsibility lies with the Chairman and Board of Directors, where they cannominate one fellow to be responsible person who will be Chief incidence controller. In case of disaster keyperson like Chief engineer & Chief chemist, will be the site main incidence controller and will commencerespective duties in that capacity to curtail the emergency & minimize the losses that may be occur.People in all departments can assist to contact external persons, district, state & central authorities, hospital &ambulance contact, evacuation if needed for people in the vicinity with assistance of state transport buses.People from maintenance department can help to rectify the fault in system. Security persons assist in firefighting & material movement operation to avoid losses. It is utmost necessary to plan the control plan & toinvolve all staff in factory to get any sort of external help / assistance in time to lessen all sorts of damage.To assist the disaster control more effectively a site emergency control room (SECR) will be established at theplant site. The SECR shall be provided with the following.

Hazard identification chart, maximum number of people working at a time, assembly points etc List of village and their population in the vicinity of proposed captive power plant Public address system like loud speaker, battery operated speaker, sirens, Whistles, batteries, signalling flags etc. Rechargeable and battery operated torch lights and invertors. Tie up with nearest hospital for medical assistance and facility for stretchers, chairs etc. List of registered medical practitioners in vicinity. Study map showing various villages and towns in the vicinity of captive power plant. Muster Roll of all present employees. Note pads and ball pens to record message received and instructions to be passed to concerned persons The blown up copy of layout plan showing areas where accident could occur. Accident mock drill for at least 2 times in a calendar year is to be a part of routine exercise. The reports of

such drill have to be submitted to DISH for his information & approval.

8.10. DISASTER PREVENTIVE MEASURES

The proposed plant will have following preventive measures to avoid occurrence of disasters:i. Specification & marking of safe area to gather in emergency.

ii. Design, manufacture and construction of plant, machineries and buildings will be as per national andinternational codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by statutory authorities.

iii. Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel shall be kept.iv. Minimum two numbers of gates to escape during disaster shall be provided.v. Fuel oil storage shall be in protected area and fenced. The tank will be housed in a dyke wall. As per

regulations of CCOE it’s testing & certification will be performed every five years regularly.


vi. Proper colour coding for all process water, air & steam lines will be done.vii. Proper insulation for all steam & condensate, hot water lines will be done.

viii. Provision of circuit brakers, isolation switches, signals will be provided as per electricity act & rules.ix. Proper & rigid bonding and earthing to all equipment will be arranged.x. Meagre value of earthing connections will be checked each 6 months and the records will be kept.

xi. System of fire hydrants comprising, of electrical motor driven fire pumps is planned. The fire hydrantsystem will have electrical motor and a generator driven jockey pump to keep the fire hydrant systemproperly pressurized.

xii. Automatic water sprinkling system is planned for all transformers.

8.11 FIRE FIGHTING ARRANGEMENTS

BIS 2190 provides Indian standards for firefighting equipment. All firefighting equipment and extinguishershave to be planned according to this standard.There are 4 classes of a fire to occur:

Class Materials ExtinguisherA Cotton, Cloth, paper, wood Water typeB Oils, Hydrocarbons, Alcohol, Greases CO2 typeC Gases, CNG, LPG, Acetylene, Foam typeD Electrical & metals Foam

RecommendationThe fire tender, which will be a part of the project with following minimum fire fighting arrangements, shallbe procured:

Water tank - 500 litres CO2 - 2700 litres Foam tank - 45 litres CO2 type fire extinguishers - 6 nos. of 4.5 kgs each

LOCATION TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Turbo-generator area CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder Cable galleries CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder High voltage panel CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder Control rooms CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder MCC rooms CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder Pump houses CO2 Type, Foam type dry chemical powder Fuel tank Area CO2 type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder Sand Basket Offices & Godowns Foam or Dry chemical powder Type Crushers house CO2 Type, Foam Type dry chemical powder

8.12 ALARM SYSTEM TO BE FOLLOWED DURING DISASTEROn receiving the message of ‘Disaster’ from Site Main Controller, fire station control room attendant willsound Siren ‘WAVING TYPE’ for 5 minutes. Incident controller will arrange to broad cast disaster messagethrough public address system. On receiving the message of “Emergency Over” from incident Controller thefire station control room attendant will give “All Clear Signal” by sounding alarm straight for two minutes.The features of alarm system will be explained to one and all to avoid panic or misunderstanding duringdisaster.It is necessary to take one trial for perfect functioning of the siren at least once in one week with priorintimation to Belagavi Deputy Commissioner.


8.13 PLANNING

Storage of hazardous materials poses threat of Hazard. The proposed expansion of sugar & cogenerationplants poses fire, electrocution and explosion hazards. To control the hazard propagation and minimize thedamage, a disaster control and management plan has to be worked.

Type of DisasterAt any thermal power plant disaster may occur due to the following hazards: Fire Explosion Oil spillage Acid spillage Spillage of toxic chemicals Electrocution Flood Storm/typhoon Sabotage; and War

The Identified Hazardous areas are1. Boiler area - Explosion2. Oil tanks - Fire and spillage3. Turbine hall - Explosion4. Electrical rooms - Fire and electrocution5. Transformer area - Fire and electrocution6. Cable - Fire and electrocution7. Storage facilities - Fire/spillage for fuel

8.14 COORDINATION AMONG KEY PERSONNEL OF CAPTIVE POWER PLANT

LEADER IN EMERGENCYPlant Manager / Head of OperationsEngineering/Maintenance

COMMUNICATION TEAM COORDINATOR1. Administrative Head/Personnel2. Personnel Officer3. Telephone Operator4. Time Office Staff

ADVISORY TEAM1. Head of Operation2. Head of Maintenance3. Head of Engineering4. Head of Administration

EMERGENCYAdministrative ManagerACTION TEAM “A”ACTION TEAM “D”1. Shift Supervisor of Affected Section2. Plant Operators / Technicians of Affected section workers and3. Shift security supervisors / Supervisor on Duty


ACTION TEAM “C”1. Security Supervisor2. Ware House Staff3. Safety Officer / Supervisor / Environmental Engineer4. In charge of First Aid Centre5. Other Staff not listed in Emergency Team including Contractors

ACTION TEAM “B”1. Head of Maintenance2. Warehouse / Spare parts Supervisor /Maintenance Supervisor/ Supervisor incharge3. Mechanics /Electricians

Roles and Responsibilities of Emergency TeamA. Site Main Controller (SMC)

The SMC or emergency leader shall assume absolute control of site and shall belocated at SECR.

B. Incident controller (IC)Incident controller shall be a person who shall go to the scene of emergency and supervise the action plan toovercome of contain the emergency. Shift supervisor shall assume the charge of IC.

C. Communication and Advisory TeamThe advisory and communication team shall consist of heads of various departments.

D. Roll Call CoordinatorA senior person from administration or personnel department shall be roll Call Coordinator. The roll callcoordinator will conduct the roll call and will evacuate the plant personnel from assemble point. His primefunction shall be to account for all personnel on duty.

E. Roll Call LeadersSMC shall appoint roll call leaders from action team B after consultation with advisory team. The roll callleaders shall carryout roll call at evacuation point.

F. Search and Rescue TeamThere shall be a group of people trained and equipped to carryout rescue operation of trapped personnel. Thepeople trained in first aid and fire fighting will be included in search and rescue team. All the security guardsand safety department personnel shall be trained in first aid and fire fighting.

G. Emergency Security ControllerEmergency Security Controller shall be senior most security person located at main gate office and directingthe outside agencies (e.g. fire brigade, police, District Magistrate, Civil / Defence representatives, media men,etc.

H. Shift Medical Officer

He shall be a doctor/trained compounder at the first aid centre/medial centre of plant.

I. Personnel ManagerJ.

The Personnel Manager on arrival at site will handle all media men, contact public and handle the visits bypolitical/statutory authorities and thus take sufficient load and burden of the Emergency Security Controller.

Outside Organizations Involved In Control of DisasterIn the event of massive spillage of toxic chemicals, (such as sodium hydroxide or Hydrochloric acid at DMplant), fuel oil or occurrence of fire, population and property inside and outside plant boundary, vegetation,


animal etc. may be affected. In such circumstances secondary fire may also take place. In such an event helpshall be taken from outside agencies also. The organizations that shall be involved are as follows:

(a) State and local authorities: district Collector, Revenue Divisional Officer(b) Factory Inspectorate, chief Inspector of factories, Joint Chief Inspector of factories, Inspector of

factories.(c) Environmental agencies: Member Secretary of State Pollution control Board, District Environmental

Engineer.(d) Fire Department: District Fire Officer(e) Police Department : District Superintendent of Police, SHOs of nearby Police stations(f) Public Health Department• District Medical Officer• Residential medical officers of PHCs in a radius of 5 kms around plant site(g) Local Community Resources:• Regional Transport Officer• Divisional Engineer Telephones

The outside organizations shall directly interact with district magistrate who in consultation with SMC shalldirect to interact with plant authorities to control the emergencies.

8.15 Hazard Emergency Control Procedure

The onset of emergency will in all probability commence with a major fire or explosion and shall be detectedby various safety devices and also by members of operational staff on duty. If located by a staff member onduty, he (as per site emergency procedure of which he is adequately briefed) will go to the nearest fire alarmcall point, break glass and trigger off the fire alarms. He will also try his best to inform about location andnature of fire to the fire fighting department. In accordance with work emergency procedure the following keyactivities will immediately take place to intercept and take control of emergency.

1. On site fire crew led by a fireman will arrive at the site of incident with fire foam tenders and necessaryequipment.

2. Emergency security controller will commence his role from main gate office.3. Incident controller shall rush to the site of emergency and with the help of fire crew and will start

handling the emergency.4. Site main controller will arrive at SECR with members of his advisory and communication team and will

assume absolute control of the site. He will receive information continuously from incident controller andgive decisions and directions to;

• Incident controller• Plant control rooms• Emergency security controller• Site or shift medical officer

After all key emergency personnel have taken up positions the Incident Controller will use communicationsystem to convey and receive the messages. At the site of incident, the incident controller will directly handlethe emergency with the help of specific support group such as Team ‘C’ and fire fighting personnel, etc. Atthe main gate Emergency Security Controller and Personnel Manager will contact external agencies. SiteMain Controller will be directing and deciding a wide range of desperate issues. In particular SMC has todecide and direct:

• Whether incident controller requires reinforcement of manpower and facilities?• Whether plant is to be shut down or more importantly kept running?• Whether plant is to be shut down or more importantly kept running?• Whether staffs in different locations are to remain indoors or to be evacuated and assembled at designated

collection centre?


• Whether missing staff members are to be searched or rescued?• Whether offsite emergency plan to be activated and a message to that effect is to be sent to district head

quarters?• Whether and when district emergency services are to be called?• Respond to any large size complaints from outside public and to assess an offsite impact arising out of

the onsite emergency.

When the incident has eventually been brought under control as declared by the Incident Controller, the SMCshall send two members of his advisory team as inspectors to incident site for:

• An assessment of total damage and prevailing conditions with particular attention to possibility of reescalation of emergency which might be currently under control.

• Inspection of other parts of site which might have been affected by impact of incident.• Inspection of personnel collection and roll call centres to check if all persons on duty have been accounted

for.• Inspection of all control rooms of plant to assess and record the status of respective plants and any

residual action deemed necessary.

Post emergency inspectors will return to SECR with their observations and report of findings and will submitthe same to SMC.

Based on these reports, SMC will communicate further directives to all emergency management sub-centresand will finally declare and communicate termination of emergency and authorize step by step restoration ofnormal operation of the plant. The fire siren will be sounded with all CLEAR-SIGNAL.

During entire period of emergency the site will remain out of bounds to external visitors except:• District Fire Personnel• District hospital ambulance staff• Civil/defence personnel• District administration• Factory inspectorate and Labour commissioner• Officers of State Pollution Control Board• Insurance authorities

All the members of public, political parties, gram panchayat etc. will be dealt with from the main gate officeby Emergency Security Controller and Personnel Manager.

Proposed Fire Extinguishers at Different Locations

Fire Fighting SystemThe system recommended comprises ofa. Internal Appliancesb. Water Hydrant Service RingThe Internal appliances shall consist of portable hand appliances, comprising sand buckets and extinguishers.The water hydrant service rings consist of installation of underground water mains, which encompass thevarious sections and buildings of the factory; and installation of vertical hydrant stand posts containingsuitable types of valves for different applications on the water mains. The hydrant valves are provided withinstantaneous type of couplings to which fire hoses can be quickly attached, to direct the water flow to areaunder fire. This is the main fire fighting arrangement covering the entire factory.

The details of different systems are as below.


Internal appliances

Installation of Internal Hand Appliances as per the fire protection manual issued by Tariff AdvisoryCommittee (TAC) of Government is a prerequisite of any fire fighting system. Fires are classified into fiveclasses. And all these five classes are relevant to the Sugar industry & cogeneration of power and the same arereproduced.

Class of fire & Suitable type of appliances

A] Fires in ordinary Chemical extinguishers of combustibles (wood, Soda Acid, Gas/expelled water andvegetable fibres water anti freeze types, and water buckets paper and the like).B] Fires in flammable Chemical extinguishers of liquids, paints, foam, Carbon Dioxide and Dry Powdergrease, solvents and types and sand buckets.C] Fires in gaseous Chemical extinguishers of substances under pressure. Carbon Dioxide and DryPowder types.D] Fires in Reactive Special type of Dry Powder Chemicals, active metals extinguishers and sand bucketsand the like.E] Fires in Chemical extinguishers of electrical equipment. Carbon dioxide and Dry powder type andsand buckets.

According to above classification:

Class A category : OfficesClass B category : General and sub stores, Workshop and extraction plantClass C category : Area of General stores where Oxygen and Acetylene gas cylinders are keptClass D category : Sulphur store & Parts of different factory sections in which electrical equipment areinstalled viz. extraction plant, Power house, Work shop, Clarification house, Boiling house, Sugarhouse,Effluent treatment plant, area in which Transformer is situated.

The quantity of appliances is decided, on the basis as stipulated in the fire safety manual. Their location is tobe fixed in such a way that at least one set of appliances is placed at the entrance of respective building/floor;and that a person is not required to travel more than 15 m to reach these appliances.

Under the clauses (a) to (e) below all the buckets and water type extinguishers are of 9 litres, and all the drypowder extinguishers are of 5 kgs capacity (except those installed to protect electrically driven equipmentinstalled at a height on platforms/ pedestals which should be of 2 kgs capacity); CO2 extinguishers are of 4.5kgs capacity unless stated otherwise.

For protection of equipment installed on platforms/pedestals extinguishers shall have to be placed near theplatforms/pedestals so that the same shall have quickest access from the ground floor.

(a) Offices (Class A)Each floor of the office building shall be provided with three numbers of water type extinguishers.

(b) General and sub stores (Class B & C)General store is where equipment spares, tools, consumables; hardware, paints, stationery, lubricants, grease,etc. shall be kept. This shall be provided with eight numbers of sand buckets and two numbers of dry powderextinguishers. There shall be an open storage area adjoining the General store. The open area shall storestructural steel, refractory bricks, lubricants, industrial gasses etc. An open storage space of 30 m length & 24m width shall be provided. The open storage space shall be installed with eight numbers of sand buckets andtwo numbers of dry powder extinguishers.The sub store is meant to store small quantities of items as mentioned above, for usage during the shifts,which shall be round the clock. For sub store area of about 100 sqm shall be provided. One sand bucket &one dry powder extinguisher shall be installed.


(c)Transformers (Class E)Transformer will be installed in an area measuring 10 x 10 m & shall be protected by one sand bucket, one drypowder extinguisher and one CO2 extinguisher.

(d)Motors at isolated areas (Class E)Certain motors shall be installed in isolated areas on ground floor in fuel handling system. Protection shall beprovided for these motors which is included in co-generation report.(e) Specifications

Specifications for the internal appliances are presented below. All the appliances shall be as per latest versionsof respective Indian Standard, and the equipment shall bear the ISI Mark.

Sand buckets

Buckets should be of round bottom type and shall confirm to IS 2546 -1964. Capacity of the bucket should be9 litres.

Water extinguishers

Water extinguishers shall confirm to ISS 940 and should be with Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) approval.The capacity of water extinguisher should be 9 litres. The material used shall be plain water and a CarbonDioxide cartridge to provide the pressure.

Dry chemical powder fire extinguisher - 5/2 kgs capacityDry chemical powder extinguisher shall confirm to IS 2171 and shall be installed with TAC approval. Thecapacity of the extinguisher shall be 5 kgs / 2 kgs capacity as applicable; and with ISI Mark.

CO2 ExtinguisherCO2 extinguisher shall confirm to IS 2878, TAC approved and must have test certificate from the ExplosiveDepartment. Capacity shall be 4.5 kgs.

8.15. 1 Water hydrant serviceWater hydrant service ring (WHSR) shall be provided to encompass the cogeneration plant, bagasse handlingsystem and allied buildings.

(a) One Water storage tankA separate RCC underground water storage tank shall be constructed for water requirement of fire fighting.As per TAC rules the tank size of 11.5 m long, 11.5 m wide and 2.5 m deep is required. Ground water/underground service water storage tank may also be used for this purpose.

(b) Two Electric driven pumpsElectrically operated horizontal, centrifugal pump shall be installed. The pumps shall be exclusively forfirefighting usage and no other connections shall be tapped. Capacity of the pump shall be 273 m3/hr, anddelivery pressure shall be at 7 kg/cm2(g).The pump shall be directly coupled to an electric motor. Belt driveshall not be accepted. The drive motor shall be totally enclosed. Motor shall be wound to Class E insulation,and windings shall be vacuum impregnated with heat and moisture resisting varnish and shall be suitable tooperate at 50oC ambient temperature.

Material of construction for impeller, shaft sleeve and wearing ring shall be bronze. The pump design shall besuch that it shall be capable of furnishing not less than 150 % of the rated capacity at a head of not less than65% of the rated head. Pump shall be provided with pressure gauge on delivery side between the pump andthe non-return valve; and shall be provided with independent suction pipe without any sluice or cut off valve.The suction line shall be 250 mm diameter and shall be fitted with a foot valve. A vacuum gauge shall befitted on the suction pipe. For priming the pumps (pump under reference and other Diesel engine driven unitdescribed later), a steel fabricated tank shall be installed above the pumps at about 8 m height. Capacity of the


tank shall be one cum (1 m3). A tapping shall be taken from the delivery piping of the pumps to the primingtank. Diameter of the tapping pipe shall be 100 mm. Suitable sluice valve and non return valve shall beprovided between the tank and tapping points. Power supply to the pump shall be from the main power controlcentre in power house. The power supply cable shall be underground and shall not pass under any building orpermanent structure. The electrical installation shall confirm to Clause 7.4.3 and its sub clauses 7.4.3.1 to7.4.3.20 of TAC Manual Part I.

(c) One Diesel engine driven pump

Diesel engine driven horizontal, centrifugal pump similar to electrically driven unit shall be provided asstandby pump. The pump shall be exclusively for fire fighting usage and no other connections shall be tapped.Alternatively, a separate power connection can be given from the Diesel Generator set to the electricallydriven pump. In this case the Diesel Generator set is to be installed in a separate building, or the Diesel engineroom should be segregated from adjoining area in a manner indicated in Clause 7.4.3.1 of the TAC ManualPart I.

(d) One Pump room

The Pump shall be located in a room. The pump room shall be located at a distance, which shall be more than6 m away from any adjoining building. The roof of the pump room shall be minimum 100 mm thick andaccess to the room shall be from the outside. The pump room shall have brick walls and non-combustible roof.Adequate lighting, ventilation and drainage arrangement shall be provided.

8.15.2 Hydrant service(a) Hydrant mains

The hydrant mains shall be laid underground and shall be out of Wrought or Mild steel pipes, of Mediumgrade conforming to IS : 1239 or IS : 3589. The pipeline shall be of welded construction. Qualified weldersshall carry out the welding. At least 10% of all welded joints shall be radio-graphically tested and 50% of thejoints radio-graphed shall be field joints. Underground mains shall be laid 1100 mm below ground level. Thedistance between the main factory building wall & hydrant valve shall be minimum 2 m. Suitable supportsbelow the mains shall be provided if the soil condition demands. The system shall be capable of withstandingfor two hours a pressure of 10.5 kg/ cm2(g) without fall in the pressure. The pipeline shall have to behydraulically tested in the presence of the inspectors from the regional committee at least twice duringerection.

The underground piping shall have to be coated and wrapped as per IS: 10221. Wherever fitted, flanges shallhave machined face, drilled holes and have jointing of rubber insertion or equivalent.Suitable cut off valves are to be provided in the piping mains to enable isolation of selected sections as perrequirement. These valves shall be encased in suitable valve chambers. These valves shall be right hand,screw down, non-rising spindle type.Fittings installed underground shall be of Cast Iron heavy grade conforming to IS: 1538 whereas those fittedabove ground shall be of medium grade wrought or mild steel conforming to IS: 1239 Part II or malleable ironfittings conforming to IS: 1879 Part I to X. Mains shall be laid surrounding the bagasse yard. Indicative ratiosof different sizes of pipes for mains are tabulated below. For the purpose of estimating the number ofhydrants, method given in Clause 7.5.10 of the above said manual is followed.

No. of hydrants Size of mains mm NB PercentageAbout 50 150 28

125 40100 32

The percentage furnished above is with respect to total length of pipeline of the hydrant system.


(b) Hydrants and fixed monitors

All hydrant outlets shall be 1 m above ground level. The stand posts shall be 80 mm NB for single hydrant.For double headed hydrants & monitors of 63 & 75 mm stand posts shall be 100 mm NB.Single hydrants are used where the hydrant main passes around the buildings. Double hydrants and fixedmonitors are used near bagasse storage space. For the single and double headed hydrants the hydrant valveshall be oblique with outlet angled towards ground. The hydrant couplings shall be of instantaneous springlock female type of 63 mm diameter. The hydrant valves shall be screw down type.

(c) Hosepipes and nozzlesThe hoses shall be kept in glass-fronted boxes near the hydrants. Each hose box shall contain two hoses oflength 15 m each. All hoses shall be either unlined canvas as per IS : 4927; or Rubber lined woven jacketedcomplying with type II reinforced rubber lined as per IS:636. Total number of hoses required shall be 82.0%.Additional quantity shall be kept as spare. All couplings shall be of instantaneous spring lock type of 63 mmdia size and the nozzles shall be of 32 mm. Couplings, branch pipes, and nozzles shall be as per IS : 903.Couplings shall be attached to the nozzles as stipulated in the Manual. The total number of nozzles shall behalf the total quantity of hoses.

(d) One Fire alarmA fire alarm unit shall have to be installed so that factory and colony can be alerted in case of a fire. Thesystem consists of an electrically operated siren of effective audibility over an area of 5 kms radius. Soundpattern of the siren should be different from the factory shift siren. The siren should be installed on higheststructure in the factory. Areas of maximum fire susceptibility are bagasse yard, molasses and oil storage, sugargodowns, power house and power control centre. The starters for the siren should be located in these areas;and at about nine different places including security office in the factory; so that it shall be easy for anyone tooperate the siren quickly on noticing a fire.

The following types of fire extinguishers have been proposed at strategic locations in the plant:Location Type of Fire extinguishers Turbogenerator area CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder Cable galleries CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder High voltage panel CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder Control rooms CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder MCC rooms CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder Pump houses CO2 Type, Foam type dry chemical powder Fuel tank Area CO2 type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder Sand Basket Offices & Godowns Foam Type Dry chemical powder Crushers house CO2 Type, Foam Type dry chemical powder

Rescue and Repair ServicesEffective working of rescue team is an essence during the disaster. In order to make the services of rescueteam more effective following equipment/items shall be provided to the team:• Gas mask respirators• Fire proximity suits• Resuscitators• Petromax lamp/Torches• Axes/hand saw• Fire blankets• Ropes• Ladders• Rubber glove (Tested upto 25,000 volts)• Blankets• Rubber shoes or industrial shoes


Alarm System To Be Followed During DisasterOn receiving the message of ‘Disaster from Site Main Controller’, fire station control room attendant willsound SIREN ‘WAILING TYPE’ for 5 minutes. Incident controller will arrange to broad cast disastermessage through public address system. On receiving the message of “Emergency Over” from incidentController the fire station control room attendant will give “All Clear Signal” by sounding alarm straight fortwo minutes. The features of alarm system will be explained to one and all to avoid panic or misunderstandingduring disaster.

Actions to be Taken On Hearing The Warning SignalOn receiving the disaster message following actions will be taken: All the members of advisory committee, personnel manager, security controller, etc shall reach the SECR. The plant personnel of different sections persons will remain ready in their respective sections for crash

shutdown on the instruction form SECR. The persons from other sections will report to their respective officer. The concerned section will take immediate action to remove contractor’s personnel outside the plant gate. Residents of township will remain alert.

Names of HospitalsSr. No. Name of hospital Phone Number1 Odeyar Hospital post Harugeri Tal Raibag Belgavi 08331-257408/2572382 Ajit Surgical and Maternity Home Raibag 08331-225603/9449816893 Ashirwad Maternity Home Raibag 08331257111/2571124 Mallikarjun Multispecialty Hospital 944834929655 District Hospital Belagavi 0831-24269396 KLE’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belagavi 0831- 2473777

Police StationRaibag Police Station (08331) 225333

Ambulance Service 108District Fire Office- 0831-2429441 / 101Raibag Town Helpline service - 08331225236


PROJECT BENEFITS


M/s Shivashakti Sugars Limited proposes to expand the existing sugar cane crushing capacityfrom 4800 TCD to 10000 TCD sugar mill and 15 MW to 60 MW Cogeneration power plant atYedravi & Saundatti villages falling under the jurisdiction of Raibag taluku, Belagavi district inKarnataka . The benefits of the project can be stated as follows: Near Yedravi & Saundatti villages falling under the jurisdiction of Raibag taluku the

irrigation schemes and sugarcane growing will be sufficient to fulfill the requirement of SSL. This project will have long run benefits Raibag taluku of Belagavi district. Sugar mill is an

agro based project using Sugar cane as sole raw material. Sugar cane cultivators i.e. Farmerswill receive many benefits such as transport, education, community center etc.

In the first stroke due to less distance from the farms they will get good price for cane. Next,farmers will get treated waste streams to be used as nutrients on farms. Thus they will achievegood returns for cane.

Utilizing conservation plan they will get precious nutrients at merely throw away price. In thisarea crops like cotton, tur, jawar, bajra are cultivated, which will also fetch profits to thefarmers.

Waste of sugar mill i. e Bagasse is useful for power generation There will be remarkable reduction in the waste from the complex. Thus such an attempt of

use of waste material will also provide SSL an opportunity to pay higher price to sugarcanegrower.

SSL plans to sell molasses to other distilleries who produce anhydrous ethanol to provideprecious fuel to automobiles and contribute to save Petrol, thereby foreign exchange. IndianOil sector obtains fuel ethanol from sugar sector with good price.

Power shortage is a crucial issue in the Country. A decision to opt for additional capacity ofco-generation by SSL using bagasse will provide power for self consumption and also otherparts of villages under rural electrification plan.

This will raise funds to pay good price to farmers. This industry will provide revenue toState and Central Government.

At villages Yedravi & Saundatti of Raibag Taluku of Belagavi district, good scope exists toprovide facilities like road, power, health care centers and educational institutes in the area.SSL has already initiated socioeconomic development of the nearby villages.

It will be a nucleus for forecasted accelerated growth in the region near Yedravi & Saundattivillages falling under the jurisdiction of Raibag taluku . As liquid cash will be available tothe farmers’, supplementary units to farms like poultry, cattle growing and milk products andother food items, silkworm growing and silk weaving, Edible seeds crushing to yield oils,hand made paper units can be initiated. SSL decides profoundly to initiate this plan amongstthe villagers and farmers jointly.

Both direct and indirect employment is next important issue at the door step. MSPSL hasinitiated recruitment of senior staff and persons needed in construction phase to minimizemigration from village to city.

At the national and the state levels the benefits include decentralized power generation,reduction in T&D loss, reduced emissions, reduction in the imports of petroleum products,increased tax revenues and reduction in the transportation cost. The project will haveexcellent multiplier effect and will become truly a win-win situation for all the stakeholdersand for local people.


Annexure ATerms of Reference (TOR)
















Annexure BPlant Layout


ANNEXURE CLIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR THE PROPOSED EXPANSION OF SUGARCANE

CRUSHING CAPACITY AND CO-GENERATION OF POWERList of Equipment for Sugar Unit –1 Cane carriers 17 Syrup tank2 Rake carriers 18 Syrup and molasses tanks3 Cane choppers 19 Vacuum pans4 Swing hammer fibrizor 20 Continuous vacuum pans5 Cane crusher. 21 Seed and vacuum crystallizer6 Phosphate slurry tank 22 Vacuum crystallizer7 Juice sulphiter 23 Crystallizer8 Juice heater 24 Magma pumps9 Juice pump 25 Molasses pumps (screw type)10 Sulphur burner 26 Batch centrifuge machine11 Air compressor 27 Continuous centrifuge machine12 Milk of lime preparation unit 28 Sugar grading unit13 Juice clarifier 29 Weighing and stitching14 Vacuum filter 30 Bagasse carrier15 Quadruple effect evaporator set 31 Mill house crane16 Syrup sulphiter 32 Compressed air systemList of Equipment To be Installed at Cogeneration Plant

Sr.No.

Item of Machinery / Misc. Fixed Assets

Machinery1 HP boiler & auxiliaries2 Steam Turbine Generator and Auxiliaries3 Electrical Evacuation / Interface System & tie line cost4 Piping, Valves, PRDSH and Fittings5 Bagasse & Ash Handling System and Auxiliaries6 Water Treatment Plant, Cooling Tower, Raw Water and Circulation Pumps7 Soft Water Plant, DM Plant and Storage Tanks8 Compressed air Systems9 Office Equipment, Furniture & Fixture, Computer PABX Systems10 Spares, Tools and Tackles11 Workshop & Lab Equipment12 AC & Ventilation System13 Fire Figthing Equipment14 Material Handling Equipment15 Trucks / Pick-up Vans /Cars / Jeeps etc.16 Misc. Items17 DG Set & Fuel Oil Tank18 Bio-mass Depot


ANNEXURE DMETEOROLOGICAL DATA AS PER IMD GUIDELINES

Date Hour Windspeed Wind Direction Temperaturem/sec 0C

01-10-15 1 0.5 54 27.701-10-15 2 1.8 78 28.101-10-15 3 0.1 252 27.301-10-15 4 0.2 24 26.701-10-15 5 0.4 53 26.501-10-15 6 0.6 62 26.201-10-15 7 0.5 48 25.701-10-15 8 3.2 57 26.401-10-15 9 2.1 53 28.001-10-15 10 3.4 53 28.901-10-15 11 2.9 263 30.501-10-15 12 2.8 101 31.101-10-15 13 2.2 44 31.801-10-15 14 1.9 85 31.501-10-15 15 2.9 31 31.601-10-15 16 3.7 65 31.401-10-15 17 2.8 69 31.201-10-15 18 2.2 64 30.801-10-15 19 0.3 35 29.101-10-15 20 0.8 27 28.601-10-15 21 0.5 51 28.301-10-15 22 0.3 44 28.001-10-15 23 0.5 54 27.901-10-15 24 0.5 44 28.002-10-15 1 0.5 42 28.002-10-15 2 1.3 53 27.102-10-15 3 0.8 51 26.902-10-15 4 0.2 93 26.502-10-15 5 0.4 32 26.302-10-15 6 1 25 25.902-10-15 7 2.1 40 25.602-10-15 8 2.3 60 26.702-10-15 9 1.4 83 27.802-10-15 10 0.7 76 28.102-10-15 11 4.2 94 29.702-10-15 12 2.5 33 30.102-10-15 13 1.4 155 31.202-10-15 14 3.3 138 30.702-10-15 15 3.3 145 31.502-10-15 16 1.4 101 31.602-10-15 17 2.5 54 31.102-10-15 18 2.7 47 28.502-10-15 19 0.3 28 26.602-10-15 20 0.8 66 27.802-10-15 21 0.5 225 28.002-10-15 22 0.3 66 28.002-10-15 23 1 90 27.502-10-15 24 2.8 181 27.3



03-10-15 1 0.5 155 27.003-10-15 2 0.8 113 26.803-10-15 3 1.8 143 26.503-10-15 4 0.2 157 26.403-10-15 5 0.4 131 26.203-10-15 6 0.6 167 25.603-10-15 7 0.5 192 25.303-10-15 8 2.5 190 26.003-10-15 9 1.6 193 27.103-10-15 10 2.9 160 28.103-10-15 11 3.2 138 28.003-10-15 12 3.2 198 27.503-10-15 13 3 232 25.903-10-15 14 4 243 29.503-10-15 15 2.6 233 28.503-10-15 16 2.3 221 30.303-10-15 17 2.1 187 29.303-10-15 18 3.5 196 24.403-10-15 19 1.8 175 25.003-10-15 20 1.8 180 25.603-10-15 21 2.2 176 24.603-10-15 22 2.1 140 25.403-10-15 23 3.5 167 25.603-10-15 24 2.3 150 25.604-10-15 1 0.5 180 25.704-10-15 2 0.8 168 25.404-10-15 3 0.1 188 25.604-10-15 4 0.2 179 25.604-10-15 5 0.4 215 25.804-10-15 6 0.6 234 25.504-10-15 7 0.5 228 25.504-10-15 8 0.8 223 25.404-10-15 9 0.1 269 26.404-10-15 10 1.9 270 27.904-10-15 11 2 237 29.704-10-15 12 1.2 93 30.204-10-15 13 1.6 285 30.904-10-15 14 1.9 319 31.304-10-15 15 2.2 332 31.904-10-15 16 2.2 254 31.904-10-15 17 2.1 176 31.804-10-15 18 1.8 185 30.904-10-15 19 1.4 187 30.004-10-15 20 2 221 29.104-10-15 21 2.3 186 27.804-10-15 22 2.1 203 27.304-10-15 23 1.8 224 26.304-10-15 24 0.5 92 25.805-10-15 1 1.3 206 26.005-10-15 2 2 212 25.605-10-15 3 1.4 268 25.4



05-10-15 4 0.2 246 25.305-10-15 5 0.8 229 25.105-10-15 6 0.6 208 25.005-10-15 7 0.5 249 24.405-10-15 8 0.8 228 24.805-10-15 9 1.5 282 26.805-10-15 10 1.4 297 28.705-10-15 11 1.8 255 30.005-10-15 12 2.6 294 31.805-10-15 13 1.6 283 32.405-10-15 14 1.9 353 33.205-10-15 15 2 299 33.705-10-15 16 0.3 25 34.105-10-15 17 1 356 33.605-10-15 18 0.5 85 32.605-10-15 19 0.3 126 30.105-10-15 20 0.8 167 27.805-10-15 21 0.5 174 26.305-10-15 22 0.3 198 26.405-10-15 23 1.6 206 26.905-10-15 24 1.7 213 26.806-10-15 1 1.7 226 26.306-10-15 2 0.8 245 25.506-10-15 3 0.6 208 25.606-10-15 4 0.2 150 24.706-10-15 5 0.4 204 25.006-10-15 6 0.6 345 24.206-10-15 7 0.5 265 23.706-10-15 8 0.8 271 24.106-10-15 9 1.3 244 25.606-10-15 10 1.9 130 27.806-10-15 11 2.5 137 29.606-10-15 12 2.4 22 31.506-10-15 13 2 319 32.906-10-15 14 1.3 243 33.506-10-15 15 2.4 58 33.506-10-15 16 1.8 362 33.706-10-15 17 0.5 351 33.806-10-15 18 0.5 38 33.506-10-15 19 0.3 98 28.206-10-15 20 1.7 177 26.606-10-15 21 0.5 172 25.806-10-15 22 0.3 136 25.406-10-15 23 0.5 261 25.806-10-15 24 0.5 202 25.107-10-15 1 0.5 123 24.807-10-15 2 0.8 298 23.907-10-15 3 0.1 119 23.507-10-15 4 0.2 134 23.207-10-15 5 0.4 294 22.907-10-15 6 0.6 140 22.4



07-10-15 7 0.5 189 22.207-10-15 8 0.8 262 23.707-10-15 9 0.8 70 26.507-10-15 10 0.5 221 29.707-10-15 11 2.4 258 31.207-10-15 12 2.6 326 32.607-10-15 13 2.5 360 32.807-10-15 14 1.7 21 33.707-10-15 15 1.8 195 33.907-10-15 16 2.6 293 33.407-10-15 17 1.4 320 33.307-10-15 18 0.5 50 32.407-10-15 19 0.3 49 28.107-10-15 20 0.8 50 25.907-10-15 21 0.5 88 25.207-10-15 22 0.3 309 24.307-10-15 23 0.5 267 24.407-10-15 24 0.5 79 23.308-10-15 1 0.5 39 24.308-10-15 2 0.8 48 23.808-10-15 3 0.1 67 22.608-10-15 4 0.2 26 22.208-10-15 5 0.4 102 21.508-10-15 6 0.6 32 20.908-10-15 7 0.5 42 20.808-10-15 8 0.8 51 22.108-10-15 9 2.1 333 24.708-10-15 10 2.4 109 27.308-10-15 11 3.3 330 29.208-10-15 12 2.7 103 30.408-10-15 13 3.3 330 31.108-10-15 14 1.8 203 31.408-10-15 15 2.7 91 31.608-10-15 16 2.4 326 31.608-10-15 17 2.3 232 31.208-10-15 18 0.5 109 30.008-10-15 19 0.3 38 27.508-10-15 20 0.8 66 25.708-10-15 21 0.5 109 25.408-10-15 22 0.3 109 24.708-10-15 23 0.5 110 24.508-10-15 24 1.8 286 25.409-10-15 1 0.5 258 25.509-10-15 2 0.8 313 25.709-10-15 3 0.1 303 25.809-10-15 4 0.2 314 25.509-10-15 5 0.4 20 24.609-10-15 6 0.6 0 24.409-10-15 7 0.5 27 24.409-10-15 8 0.8 115 24.609-10-15 9 0.1 341 25.5



09-10-15 10 0.2 215 26.509-10-15 11 0.4 41 28.109-10-15 12 1.8 220 28.609-10-15 13 0.1 236 28.009-10-15 14 0.2 6 27.909-10-15 15 2.5 287 28.909-10-15 16 2.1 280 29.309-10-15 17 2.1 284 29.609-10-15 18 0.5 327 28.809-10-15 19 0.3 283 27.409-10-15 20 0.8 35 27.409-10-15 21 2.3 41 26.309-10-15 22 0.3 59 25.709-10-15 23 0.5 20 24.709-10-15 24 0.5 23 25.110-10-15 1 0.5 342 24.910-10-15 2 0.8 317 24.910-10-15 3 0.1 134 24.810-10-15 4 0.2 316 24.710-10-15 5 0.4 23 24.410-10-15 6 0.6 360 23.910-10-15 7 0.5 307 23.510-10-15 8 0.8 305 23.610-10-15 9 1.2 316 25.310-10-15 10 0.8 51 27.710-10-15 11 2.7 328 28.810-10-15 12 2.7 207 30.110-10-15 13 2 356 30.910-10-15 14 1.3 77 31.110-10-15 15 3.6 31 31.710-10-15 16 2.2 355 31.410-10-15 17 2 138 30.910-10-15 18 1 38 30.310-10-15 19 0.3 87 27.710-10-15 20 0.8 0 27.110-10-15 21 1 304 26.610-10-15 22 0.3 335 25.710-10-15 23 0.5 21 24.910-10-15 24 0.5 12 24.311-10-15 1 0.5 37 24.711-10-15 2 0.8 332 24.511-10-15 3 0.1 2 24.011-10-15 4 0.2 313 23.611-10-15 5 0.4 11 22.711-10-15 6 0.6 286 22.211-10-15 7 0.5 328 21.911-10-15 8 0.8 314 22.811-10-15 9 1.6 -11 25.311-10-15 10 2.3 305 27.311-10-15 11 2.3 112 28.711-10-15 12 2.8 94 30.2



11-10-15 13 2.5 288 30.511-10-15 14 0.2 207 31.311-10-15 15 2.7 7 31.411-10-15 16 2.9 304 31.111-10-15 17 2.1 308 31.011-10-15 18 2.1 276 29.711-10-15 19 0.3 46 26.511-10-15 20 0.8 21 24.811-10-15 21 0.5 252 23.611-10-15 22 0.3 235 22.611-10-15 23 0.5 92 22.211-10-15 24 0.5 84 22.012-10-15 1 0.5 200 22.312-10-15 2 0.8 273 21.912-10-15 3 0.1 123 21.512-10-15 4 1.5 284 21.912-10-15 5 0.4 14 21.512-10-15 6 0.6 44 20.512-10-15 7 0.5 33 19.912-10-15 8 0.8 80 21.012-10-15 9 0.1 320 23.912-10-15 10 0.2 26 26.512-10-15 11 2.1 13 29.112-10-15 12 1.8 23 30.812-10-15 13 1.4 207 31.612-10-15 14 0.2 304 32.112-10-15 15 2.2 305 31.712-10-15 16 1.8 298 31.712-10-15 17 0.5 305 31.412-10-15 18 0.5 19 30.412-10-15 19 0.3 34 26.112-10-15 20 0.8 96 24.012-10-15 21 0.5 96 24.412-10-15 22 0.3 96 22.612-10-15 23 0.5 97 21.912-10-15 24 0.5 108 22.313-10-15 1 0.5 108 22.113-10-15 2 0.8 196 21.813-10-15 3 0.1 24 21.013-10-15 4 0.2 98 20.513-10-15 5 0.4 57 20.213-10-15 6 0.6 88 20.213-10-15 7 0.5 66 19.713-10-15 8 0.8 324 20.813-10-15 9 1.2 33 23.513-10-15 10 1.8 86 26.413-10-15 11 1.7 158 28.113-10-15 12 2 162 31.113-10-15 13 1.8 279 31.513-10-15 14 1.9 148 32.013-10-15 15 1.7 201 32.2



13-10-15 16 1.5 53 32.113-10-15 17 0.5 39 31.813-10-15 18 0.5 384 30.713-10-15 19 0.3 87 26.713-10-15 20 0.8 113 25.213-10-15 21 0.5 152 23.713-10-15 22 0.3 156 23.413-10-15 23 0.5 154 23.213-10-15 24 0.5 311 23.214-10-15 1 0.5 129 22.714-10-15 2 0.8 45 22.614-10-15 3 0.1 183 22.214-10-15 4 0.2 164 21.714-10-15 5 0.4 139 21.014-10-15 6 0.6 141 20.914-10-15 7 0.5 163 19.914-10-15 8 0.8 323 21.314-10-15 9 0.1 261 24.814-10-15 10 0.2 152 27.714-10-15 11 1.2 283 29.414-10-15 12 2.5 49 30.714-10-15 13 0.6 124 31.914-10-15 14 1.4 96 32.814-10-15 15 0.9 92 32.714-10-15 16 1.4 168 32.514-10-15 17 0.5 33 32.414-10-15 18 0.5 107 31.114-10-15 19 0.3 142 28.014-10-15 20 0.8 180 27.214-10-15 21 0.5 260 25.014-10-15 22 0.3 115 24.714-10-15 23 0.5 134 24.414-10-15 24 0.5 131 24.115-10-15 1 0.5 121 23.815-10-15 2 1.3 145 23.515-10-15 3 0.1 283 23.015-10-15 4 0.2 91 22.115-10-15 5 0.4 113 21.715-10-15 6 0.6 151 21.515-10-15 7 0.5 101 20.815-10-15 8 0.8 71 21.615-10-15 9 0.1 218 24.915-10-15 10 1.5 271 28.015-10-15 11 2 202 30.115-10-15 12 2 202 31.315-10-15 13 2 214 32.415-10-15 14 1.9 139 32.515-10-15 15 2.2 326 33.515-10-15 16 1.2 282 32.915-10-15 17 1.6 336 32.715-10-15 18 0.5 51 31.9



15-10-15 19 0.3 99 27.215-10-15 20 0.8 152 25.815-10-15 21 0.5 241 25.915-10-15 22 0.3 273 26.215-10-15 23 0.5 196 24.615-10-15 24 0.5 192 25.016-10-15 1 2.1 281 24.516-10-15 2 1.1 133 23.416-10-15 3 0.7 157 22.916-10-15 4 0.5 107 22.016-10-15 5 0.4 142 21.916-10-15 6 0.6 167 21.816-10-15 7 1.9 173 21.416-10-15 8 0.8 359 22.816-10-15 9 0.1 53 24.016-10-15 10 0.2 32 28.016-10-15 11 1.5 324 29.516-10-15 12 1.6 136 30.816-10-15 13 1.1 284 32.116-10-15 14 2.7 284 32.416-10-15 15 2 313 33.416-10-15 16 2 332 32.816-10-15 17 0.5 322 33.016-10-15 18 0.5 55 32.216-10-15 19 0.3 56 27.516-10-15 20 0.8 120 26.016-10-15 21 0.5 134 25.316-10-15 22 0.3 86 24.716-10-15 23 0.5 238 24.016-10-15 24 0.5 115 23.617-10-15 1 0.5 99 23.717-10-15 2 0.8 138 23.417-10-15 3 0.1 164 23.017-10-15 4 0.2 37 22.817-10-15 5 0.4 42 22.217-10-15 6 0.6 68 21.117-10-15 7 0.5 66 20.417-10-15 8 0.8 24 22.017-10-15 9 0.9 12 24.417-10-15 10 2.1 98 27.117-10-15 11 3.1 43 29.117-10-15 12 2 45 30.717-10-15 13 1.7 20 31.417-10-15 14 2.9 35 31.917-10-15 15 2.6 16 31.917-10-15 16 3 9 31.817-10-15 17 2.4 228 31.417-10-15 18 0.5 20 30.317-10-15 19 0.3 110 27.417-10-15 20 0.8 110 26.117-10-15 21 0.5 131 25.7



17-10-15 22 0.3 111 24.917-10-15 23 0.5 238 24.717-10-15 24 0.5 121 23.918-10-15 1 0.5 328 24.418-10-15 2 0.8 59 23.718-10-15 3 0.1 281 23.218-10-15 4 0.2 347 22.718-10-15 5 0.4 28 22.618-10-15 6 0.6 19 22.018-10-15 7 0.5 60 21.518-10-15 8 0.8 21 22.418-10-15 9 0.3 33 24.518-10-15 10 2.2 146 26.918-10-15 11 2.1 355 29.018-10-15 12 3.5 47 30.518-10-15 13 2.7 25 31.018-10-15 14 3.9 365 31.318-10-15 15 3.5 27 31.518-10-15 16 3.2 49 31.118-10-15 17 2 54 30.618-10-15 18 0.5 26 29.318-10-15 19 0.3 95 27.218-10-15 20 0.8 118 24.918-10-15 21 0.5 151 26.118-10-15 22 0.3 163 25.018-10-15 23 0.5 95 23.318-10-15 24 0.5 128 22.219-10-15 1 0.5 75 22.119-10-15 2 0.8 145 21.819-10-15 3 0.1 117 21.419-10-15 4 0.2 151 21.619-10-15 5 0.4 89 20.819-10-15 6 0.6 114 20.419-10-15 7 0.5 75 20.119-10-15 8 0.8 39 20.419-10-15 9 1.4 33 23.019-10-15 10 1.9 232 25.819-10-15 11 2.4 364 28.219-10-15 12 2.3 263 30.119-10-15 13 2.3 158 30.819-10-15 14 1.4 289 31.319-10-15 15 3.3 351 31.519-10-15 16 2.3 36 31.619-10-15 17 2.3 251 30.819-10-15 18 0.8 106 29.819-10-15 19 0.3 79 26.519-10-15 20 0.8 112 23.919-10-15 21 0.5 123 23.519-10-15 22 0.3 140 23.119-10-15 23 1.8 172 24.619-10-15 24 2.1 150 23.9



20-10-15 1 0.5 376 21.620-10-15 2 0.8 100 21.220-10-15 3 0.1 90 21.120-10-15 4 0.2 81 20.720-10-15 5 0.4 62 20.320-10-15 6 0.6 92 20.620-10-15 7 0.5 74 19.920-10-15 8 0.8 33 21.020-10-15 9 0.1 385 23.120-10-15 10 1.9 63 25.720-10-15 11 2.2 69 27.420-10-15 12 1.9 90 29.220-10-15 13 3.1 68 29.820-10-15 14 1.3 109 30.420-10-15 15 3.3 63 30.120-10-15 16 2.5 63 30.220-10-15 17 2.7 80 29.920-10-15 18 1.6 49 29.020-10-15 19 0.5 82 26.420-10-15 20 0.8 101 24.520-10-15 21 0.5 80 23.620-10-15 22 0.3 108 22.920-10-15 23 0.5 118 22.520-10-15 24 0.5 284 22.421-10-15 1 0.5 131 21.921-10-15 2 0.8 80 21.421-10-15 3 0.1 58 21.721-10-15 4 0.2 131 21.421-10-15 5 0.4 78 21.821-10-15 6 0.6 81 21.421-10-15 7 0.5 75 20.421-10-15 8 1.9 51 21.221-10-15 9 1.8 68 24.621-10-15 10 1.8 360 27.521-10-15 11 2.5 196 28.221-10-15 12 2.2 77 29.121-10-15 13 1.1 193 30.021-10-15 14 2.5 25 30.621-10-15 15 3.1 204 30.921-10-15 16 1.7 27 30.321-10-15 17 3.1 303 29.121-10-15 18 2.9 5 27.821-10-15 19 0.3 226 25.621-10-15 20 1.6 163 24.821-10-15 21 0.5 294 24.721-10-15 22 0.3 -21 24.421-10-15 23 0.5 311 24.221-10-15 24 2 285 23.222-10-15 1 0.5 4 23.022-10-15 2 0.8 4 22.622-10-15 3 0.1 219 22.6



22-10-15 4 0.2 21 22.522-10-15 5 0.4 320 22.222-10-15 6 0.6 175 22.222-10-15 7 0.5 106 22.022-10-15 8 0.8 95 22.122-10-15 9 2 80 23.222-10-15 10 2.1 211 25.922-10-15 11 2.7 104 28.622-10-15 12 3 304 28.922-10-15 13 2.3 99 30.422-10-15 14 2.2 14 30.322-10-15 15 3 94 30.322-10-15 16 2.2 23 30.922-10-15 17 2.1 0 30.422-10-15 18 0.5 66 29.422-10-15 19 0.3 77 27.422-10-15 20 2.9 117 26.922-10-15 21 0.5 113 24.322-10-15 22 0.3 89 22.922-10-15 23 0.5 89 22.422-10-15 24 0.5 25 22.223-10-15 1 0.5 89 22.323-10-15 2 0.8 44 21.823-10-15 3 0.1 73 21.523-10-15 4 0.2 49 21.023-10-15 5 0.4 20 20.523-10-15 6 0.6 7 20.323-10-15 7 0.5 26 19.523-10-15 8 1.3 53 20.923-10-15 9 1.6 234 23.123-10-15 10 2.8 52 25.723-10-15 11 2.7 16 28.423-10-15 12 2.8 29 30.423-10-15 13 2 86 30.523-10-15 14 2.2 224 31.623-10-15 15 2.4 17 32.023-10-15 16 2 216 31.723-10-15 17 0.5 22 31.423-10-15 18 0.5 117 29.723-10-15 19 0.3 97 26.523-10-15 20 0.8 125 25.723-10-15 21 1.5 132 26.123-10-15 22 0.3 141 23.223-10-15 23 0.5 94 22.523-10-15 24 0.5 93 21.524-10-15 1 0.5 92 21.224-10-15 2 0.8 50 20.724-10-15 3 0.1 108 20.824-10-15 4 0.2 238 20.524-10-15 5 0.4 107 20.024-10-15 6 0.6 107 19.5



24-10-15 7 0.5 69 18.724-10-15 8 0.8 101 19.624-10-15 9 0.1 319 23.224-10-15 10 0.7 48 26.424-10-15 11 1.5 220 29.024-10-15 12 2.1 273 29.824-10-15 13 2.2 41 30.924-10-15 14 1.9 120 31.524-10-15 15 3.1 124 31.924-10-15 16 0.7 90 32.224-10-15 17 2.5 125 31.224-10-15 18 0.5 108 29.424-10-15 19 0.3 118 26.924-10-15 20 0.8 105 23.924-10-15 21 0.5 113 24.724-10-15 22 1.1 135 24.424-10-15 23 2 117 24.424-10-15 24 1.3 134 23.725-10-15 1 1.3 124 23.725-10-15 2 0.8 133 22.125-10-15 3 0.1 308 21.225-10-15 4 0.2 107 20.425-10-15 5 0.4 318 19.525-10-15 6 0.6 107 19.225-10-15 7 0.5 16 19.225-10-15 8 0.8 85 20.425-10-15 9 1.1 126 23.825-10-15 10 1.2 218 27.025-10-15 11 2.1 183 28.625-10-15 12 3 238 29.925-10-15 13 1.8 299 31.525-10-15 14 2 290 32.225-10-15 15 2.8 196 32.825-10-15 16 0.3 177 32.525-10-15 17 2.1 132 31.425-10-15 18 1.6 83 29.425-10-15 19 0.3 136 27.425-10-15 20 2 138 26.925-10-15 21 0.5 149 25.125-10-15 22 1.9 180 25.325-10-15 23 1.7 116 25.225-10-15 24 2.4 68 24.326-10-15 1 0.5 118 23.726-10-15 2 0.8 23 22.326-10-15 3 0.1 113 21.526-10-15 4 0.2 142 21.426-10-15 5 0.4 27 21.026-10-15 6 0.6 157 21.426-10-15 7 0.5 103 21.026-10-15 8 0.8 130 21.826-10-15 9 1.8 74 25.2



26-10-15 10 0.2 144 27.626-10-15 11 1.3 374 29.426-10-15 12 1.8 188 30.626-10-15 13 2.7 343 32.026-10-15 14 2.1 357 31.626-10-15 15 1.6 279 31.326-10-15 16 0.3 165 31.226-10-15 17 2.5 144 30.526-10-15 18 2.5 147 29.426-10-15 19 0.3 40 26.126-10-15 20 0.8 144 24.626-10-15 21 1.7 44 24.626-10-15 22 1.2 68 23.226-10-15 23 0.5 33 22.826-10-15 24 0.5 113 22.627-10-15 1 0.5 135 22.627-10-15 2 0.8 361 21.527-10-15 3 0.1 269 21.127-10-15 4 0.2 83 21.027-10-15 5 0.4 138 20.427-10-15 6 0.6 259 20.527-10-15 7 0.5 67 20.227-10-15 8 0.8 55 20.627-10-15 9 1.5 149 22.927-10-15 10 1.7 59 25.527-10-15 11 1.2 345 28.327-10-15 12 2 51 29.527-10-15 13 2.8 126 30.527-10-15 14 3 65 30.627-10-15 15 2.3 316 31.527-10-15 16 2.8 60 31.127-10-15 17 2.2 53 30.727-10-15 18 0.5 80 29.527-10-15 19 0.3 98 26.927-10-15 20 0.8 28 25.827-10-15 21 0.5 381 24.427-10-15 22 0.3 80 23.027-10-15 23 0.5 58 22.627-10-15 24 0.5 372 22.828-10-15 1 0.5 292 22.128-10-15 2 0.8 263 21.728-10-15 3 0.1 8 21.328-10-15 4 0.2 57 20.628-10-15 5 0.4 334 20.128-10-15 6 0.6 35 19.928-10-15 7 0.5 26 18.928-10-15 8 0.8 13 19.928-10-15 9 1.6 1 22.328-10-15 10 3 215 24.828-10-15 11 2.9 23 27.128-10-15 12 2 19 29.7


Date Hour Windspeed m/sec Wind Direction Temperature 0C28-10-15 13 2.1 318 30.128-10-15 14 1.6 7 30.528-10-15 15 2.6 322 30.628-10-15 16 1.4 41 30.228-10-15 17 1.4 91 30.728-10-15 18 0.5 7 28.628-10-15 19 0.3 84 23.828-10-15 20 0.8 75 22.428-10-15 21 0.5 63 22.228-10-15 22 0.3 109 21.128-10-15 23 0.5 51 20.828-10-15 24 0.5 20 19.929-10-15 1 0.5 34 20.029-10-15 2 0.8 34 19.329-10-15 3 0.1 -5 19.629-10-15 4 0.2 8 19.129-10-15 5 0.4 -5 18.529-10-15 6 0.6 68 17.229-10-15 7 0.5 51 15.829-10-15 8 0.8 19 17.729-10-15 9 1.6 14 21.129-10-15 10 1.8 -9 23.329-10-15 11 1.9 176 15.929-10-15 12 3.8 18 28.029-10-15 13 2.3 108 28.829-10-15 14 2.1 78 29.229-10-15 15 2.5 282 29.329-10-15 16 2.8 18 29.329-10-15 17 2 19 29.229-10-15 18 1.6 27 27.329-10-15 19 0.3 0 23.829-10-15 20 0.8 323 21.729-10-15 21 0.5 11 20.629-10-15 22 0.3 78 19.629-10-15 23 0.5 213 18.929-10-15 24 0.5 116 19.0

METEOROLOGICAL DATASr. No Month Maximum Temp 0 C Minimum Temp 0 C Relative Humidity %

8.30/17.301 January 32.1 8.2 62/352 February 35.6 9.3 56/313 March 38.2 10.2 54/274 April 42.1 12.1 64/305 May 40.1 18.3 73/406 June 39.2 16.1 82/667 July 34.3 11.2 86/798 August 35.1 10.1 87/769 September 37.2 11.5 86/6810 October 35.2 12.3 74/5111 November 39.1 9.1 65/4512 December 39.1 8.1 61/37


ANNEXURE ESOCIOECONOMIC DATA











ANNEXURE FPHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING SUGAR & COGEN


ANNEXURE –GFLOW DIAGRAM OF EXISTING ETP OF SUGAR COGEN COMPLEX

SUGAR UNIT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT OF COGEN

EQUALIZATION TANK

SECONDARY CLARIFIER -I

PRIMARY CLARIFIER

BAR SCREEN CHAMBER

OIL SKIMMER

AERATION TANK- I

AERATION TANK- II

CLARIFIER

FILTERATION UNITF

TREATED EFFLUENT COLLECTION TANK

GARDENING GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT –R&D FARM

SECONDARY CLARIFIER -II

FILTRATION UNIT

FSLUDGE DRYING BED

Sludge

Sludge

Sludge

Sludge

Return Sludge


ANNEXURE –HList of Sugar Industries in Belagavi District

Sr No Name of industry1 Bhagyalaxmi SSK Khanapur2 Doodhaganga Krishna SSK Chikodi3 Halasiddanath SSK Nipani, Chikodi4 Ghatprabha SSK Gokak5 Hiranyakeshi SSK Sankeshwar, Hukkeri6 Raibag SSK Raibag7 Renuka Sugar Ltd Munavalli, Taluku Savadatti8 Venkateshwara power project Bedakihal, Chikodi9 Athani Farmers Sugar ltd Athani10 Ugar Sugar Works Ltd., Ugar Khurd, Athani11 Shiraguppi Sugar ltd Athani12 M/s Satish Sugars Limited, Gokak13 M/s Gokak Sugars, Kolavi, Gokak14 Malaprabha SSKN, MK Hubli15 Someshwar SSKN, Bailhongal16 Soubhagyalaxmi sugars, Hirenandi17 Shivasagar Agro, Yargatti18 Dhanalaxmi SSKN, Ramdurg19 Krishna SSKN, Athani20 Renuka Sugars Limited, Kokatnur, Athani


A1 Plant site A4 Nava DiggewadiA2 Saundatti A5 Kachkawadi

A3 Yadrav A6 Hanabarahatti


ANNEXURE – 3B

WATER QUALITY DATA

S.NO.

TESTS RESULTS IS 10500[DRINKING WATER STANDARD]

Plant Site(GW1)

Saundatti(GW2)

DESIRABLELIMITS

PERMISSIBLELIMITS

1 Odour UnObjectionable

UnObjectionable

------- -----

2 Taste Agreeable Agreeable ------- -----3 Colour (Hazen units) <5 <5 5 254 pH 7.75 7.83 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.55 Turbidity, NTU <1 <1 5 106 Total Hardness as

CaCo3, mg/l405 305 300 600

7 Iron as Fe, mg/l 0.07 0.06 0.3 1.08 Chlorides as Cl, mg/l 198 83 250 10009 Dissolved solids, mg/l 845 735 500 2000

10 Calcium as Ca, mg/l 92 74 75 20011 Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 43 29 30 10012 Copper as Cu, mg/l BDL BDL 0.05 1.513 Manganese as Mn, mg/l BDL BDL 0.1 0.314 Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 64 45 200 40015 Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 17 36 45 10016 Fluoride as F, mg/l 0.90 1..00 0.6-1.2 1.517 Mercury as Hg, mg/l BDL BDL 0.001 0.00118 Cadmium as Cd, mg/l BDL BDL 0.01 0.0119 Selenium as Se, mg/l BDL BDL 0.01 0.0120 Arsenic as As, mg/l BDL BDL 0.05 0.0521 Cyanide as CN, mg/l BDL BDL 0.05 0.0522 Lead as Pb, mg/l BDL BDL 0.05 0.0523 Zinc as Zn, mg/l BDL BDL 5 1524 Chromium as Cr+6, mg/l BDL BDL 0.05 0.0525 Pesticides Absent Absent Absent 0.00126 Alkalinity as CaCo3,

mg/l275 365 200 600

27 Boron as B, mg/l <0.1 <0.1 1 528 Coliform count,

MPN/100 mlNil Nil 10

(e-coli absent)10

(e-coli absent)Note: BDL: Below Detectable Limit (for Hg, 0.001 mg/l and for all other parameters, 0.01 mg/l)


ANNEXURE – 3B

WATER QUALITY DATA

S.NO.

TESTS RESULTS IS 10500[DRINKING WATER

STANDARD]Yadrav(GW3)

NavaDiggewadi

(GW4)

DESIRABLELIMITS

PERMISSIBLELIMITS


UnObjectionable

------- -----


CaCo3, mg/l505 365 300 600


10 Calcium as Ca, mg/l 104 70 75 20011 Magnesium as Mg, mg/l 60 46 30 10012 Copper as Cu, mg/l BDL BDL 0.05 1.513 Manganese as Mn, mg/l BDL BDL 0.1 0.314 Sulphate as SO4, mg/l 62 70 200 40015 Nitrate as NO3, mg/l 43 7 45 10016 Fluoride as F, mg/l 1.10 1.00 0.6-1.2 1.517 Mercury as Hg, mg/l BDL BDL 0.001 0.00118 Cadmium as Cd, mg/l BDL BDL 0.01 0.0119 Selenium as Se, mg/l BDL BDL 0.01 0.0120 Arsenic as As, mg/l BDL BDL 0.05 0.0521 Cyanide as CN, mg/l BDL BDL 0.05 0.0522 Lead as Pb, mg/l BDL BDL 0.05 0.0523 Zinc as Zn, mg/l BDL BDL 5 1524 Chromium as Cr+6, mg/l BDL BDL 0.05 0.0525 Pesticides Absent Absent Absent 0.00126 Alkalinity as CaCo3,

mg/l290 215 200 600



(e-coli absent)10



ANNEXURE – 3B

WATER QUALITY DATA

S.NO.

TESTS RESULTS IS 10500[DRINKING WATER

STANDARD]Kachkawadi

(GW5)Hanabarahatti

(GW6)DESIRABLE

LIMITSPERMISSIBLE

LIMITS


UnObjectionable

------- -----


CaCo3, mg/l590 430 300 600



mg/l210 310 200 600



(e-coli absent)10



ANNEXURE – 3B

WATER QUALITY DATA

S.NO.

TESTS RESULTS IS 10500[DRINKING WATER STANDARD]

Arka Halla(SW7)

Krishna River(SW6)

DESIRABLELIMITS

PERMISSIBLELIMITS


UnObjectionable

------- -----


CaCo3, mg/l305 175 300 600



mg/l190 135 200 600



(e-coli absent)10

(e-coli absent)

Note: BDL: Below Detectable Limit (for Hg, 0.001 mg/l and for all other parameters, 0.01 mg/l)


ANNEXURE-3C

SOIL QUALITY DATA

S.NO. PARAMETERSRESULTS

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

1pH (1:2 Soilwater Extract)

8.13 8.25 8.26 8.40 7.98 8.12 8.19

2

ElectricalConductivity(micro mhos) (1:2Soil waterExtract)

890 310 350 960 1060 360 685

3Total soluble salts(mg/kg)

980 340 390 1060 1170 400 755

4Nitrates as N,(mg/kg)

9 11 15 18 16 13 14

5Phosphorous asP2O5 (mg/kg)

17 19 22 18 22 14 18

6Potassium as K2O(mg/kg)

71 75 61 475 404 432 268

7Sodium as Na2O(mg/kg)

71 229 109 502 304 484 286

8Calcium as Ca,(mg/kg)

1480 1360 1800 1600 2400 2100 1880

9Magnesium asMg, (mg/kg)

511 486 292 292 365 486 401

10Chloride as Cl,(mg/kg)

230 65 75 260 290 85 177

11Organic Carbon(%)

0.48 0.52 0.60 0.80 0.78 0.69 0.63

12

Texture of SoilSandyLoam

LoamySand

SandyLoam

Sandy LoamSandyLoam

SandyLoam

SandyLoam

Sand % 80 81 78 61 65 70 71Silt % 7 7 8 16 14 12 11

Clay % 13 12 4 23 21 18 13

S1 Plant site S4 Nava DiggewadiS2 Saundatti S5 Kachkawadi

S3 Saundattiwadi Hamlet S6 NandikurliS7 Nasalapur

















Documents

Draft EIA Report for M/s. Shivashakti Sugars Limited