DRAWING SHEET LAYOUT - WordPress.com · 4 Engineering Graphics Workbook 2.2 Line parallel to one plane and inclined to other 5. 0 Draw the projections of line AB of length 50mm, parallel

1 Engineering Graphics Workbook

DRAWING SHEET LAYOUT


MODULE – I

Total hours: 10 hrs

Sem. Exam marks=20%

6 Exercises

Introduction:

i. Introduction to Engineering Graphics

ii. Drawing instruments.

iii. BIS code of practice for general engineering drawing.

Projection of Points and Lines :

i. Orthographic projections of points and lines.

ii. Projection of points in different quadrants.

iii. Projections of straight lines inclined to one of the reference planes.

iv. Straight lines inclined to both of the reference planes.

v. True length and inclination of line with reference planes.

vi. Traces of lines.


1. PROJECTION OF POINTS

1. Draw the projections of the following points on a common reference line:

A, 25mm above the HP and 35mm in front of the VP

B, 25mm above the HP and 40mm behind the VP

C, 30mm below the HP and 40mm behind the VP

D, 30mm below the HP and 35mm in front of the VP

E, 25mm above the HP and in the VP.

F, 30mm below the HP and in the VP

G, 35mm in front of the VP and in the HP.

H, 40mm behind the VP and in the HP

2. Draw the projections of the following points on a common reference line:

P, 25mm below the HP and in the VP

Q, 40mm behind the VP and in the HP

R, 30mm below the HP and 30mm in front of the VP

S, 25mm above the HP and 25mm behind the VP

T, 25mm above the HP and 30mm in front of the VP.

U, in both the VP and HP

V, 35mm below the HP and 30mmm behind the VP

W, 30mm above the HP and 35mm behind the VP

2. PROJECTION OF LINES

2.1 Line Parallel to both the Planes

1. Draw the projections of line AB of length 60mm, parallel to both the planes and with the

end A, 30mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP.


end A, 30mm above HP and 20 mm behind VP.


end A, 30mm below HP and 20 mm behind VP.


end A, 30mm below HP and 20 mm in front of VP.


2.2 Line parallel to one plane and inclined to other

5. Draw the projections of line AB of length 50mm, parallel to VP and inclined at 350 with

HP. Point A is 40mm above HP and 50 mm in front of VP.

6. Draw the projections of line AB of length 50mm, parallel to HP and inclined at 450 with

VP. Point A is 40mm above HP and 50 mm in front of VP.

7. The front view of a 75mm long line measures 55 mm. The line is parallel to HP and one of

its ends in VP and 25 mm below HP. Draw the projections of the line and determines its

inclination with VP.

8. The end C of a line CD of length 90 mm is 15mm in front of VP and 35mm below HP. The

end D is also 35mm below HP, but 40mm behind VP. Draw the projections of the line CD,

mark the traces. At what distance from the end C the line CD penetrates VP.

9. A line AB 80mm long is parallel to HP and inclined to VP. The end A is 40mm above HP

and 25mm in front of VP. The end B is 30mm behind VP. Draw its projections. What is the

inclination of the line CD with VP? Also mark the traces.

10. A line PQ is parallel to VP its front view is 70mm long and makes an angle of 300 with the

XY line. The midpoint of the front vie is on XY line. If the line is 20mm behind VP. Draw its

projections.

2.3 Line parallel to one plane and perpendicular to other plane

11. Length of the line AB is 60mm and perpendicular to HP. A is 50 mm below HP and 40mm

behind VP. Draw the projections if B is in (a) 3rd quadrant (b) 2nd quadrant.

12. Length of the line AB is 60mm and perpendicular to VP. A is 50 mm above HP and 20mm

in front of VP. Draw the projections if B is in (a) 1st quadrant (b) 2nd quadrant.

2.4 Line inclined to both HP and VP

13. A line PQ 60mm long has its end P 20mm above HP and 30mm in front of VP. If the line is

inclined at 300 HP and 450 to VP. Draw its projection and mark its traces.

14. A line AB measuring 70mm has its end A 15mm in front of VP 20mm above HP and other

end B is 60mm in front of VP and 50mm above HP. Draw the projections of the line. Also

mark its traces.

15. A straight line AB 65mm long has its end A 15mm in front of VP and 40mm above HP

while the other end B is 30mm in front of VP and 20mm above HP. Draw its projections.


16. A line AB 90mm long is inclined at 300. Its end A is 12mm above HP and 20mm in front of

VP. Its front view measures 65mm. Draw its projections.

17. The plan of a 75mm long line AB measures 50mm. Point A is 50mm in front of VP and

15mm below HP. Point B is 15mm in front of VP and above HP. Draw its projections.

18. The end A of a line AB of length 80mm is in HP and 20mm in front of VP. If the line is

inclined at 450 to HP and 300 to VP. Draw its projections.

19. The plan of 75mm long line AB measures 65mm while the length of its elevation is

50mm. Its one end is in HP and 12mm in front of VP. Draw the projections.

20. The end points A and B of line AB, 60mm long are on the reference planes. If the angle of

AB with HP and VP are 300 and 450 respectively, draw the projections.

21. The end projectors of line AB is 60mm apart. A is 20 mm above HP and 30mm in front of

VP and end B is 70mm above HP and 60mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of AB and

find the apparent angle of inclinations. Also comment on the position of the line in space.

22. The end projectors of line AB is 60mm apart. A is 20 mm above HP and 30mm in front of

VP and end B is 70mm above HP and 50mm behind VP. Draw the projections of AB and


23. The end projectors of line AB is 60mm apart. A is 15 mm behind VP and 60mm below HP

and end B is 70mm above HP and 30mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of AB and


24. The end projectors of line AB is 60mm apart. A is 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of

VP and end B is 70mm above HP and 60mm in front of VP .Find the true length and true

inclinations of the line.


VP and end B is 70mm above HP and 45mm behind VP. Find the true length and true


26. The end projectors of line AB is 60mm apart. A is 15 mm behind VP and 50 mm below HP

and end B is 70mm above HP and 30mm in front of VP. Find the true length and true



2.5 Midpoint Problems

27. The midpoint of line AB is 28 mm above HP and 41 mm in front of VP. The end B is 47 mm

above HP and 70 mm in front of VP. The distance between these points measured parallel

to both HP and VP is 29 mm. Draw the projections and find the position of end. Also find

the inclinations of line AB.

28. The midpoint of a line AB 50mm above HP and 30mm in front of VP. The line measures

80mm and is inclined at 450 HP and 300 to VP. Draw its projections.

29. Draw the projections of a line AB 90mm long, it midpoint M being 50mm above HP and

40mm in front of VP. The end A is 20mm above HP and 10mm in front of VP.

30. Draw the projections of line AB of length 80mm, inclined at 300 with HP and 450 with VP.

A point M on AB, 30mm from A is at a distance of 35 mm above HP and 40 mm in front of

VP.

31. A straight line has its mid-point at distance of 45mm from both HP and VP. Its true length

is 80mm and the top view makes 300 with XY and front view makes 450 with XY. Draw the

projections and locate the traces.

2.6 Trapezoidal Method (Plane Rotation Method)


VP and end B is 70mm above HP and 60mm in front of VP. Find the true length of the line


VP and end B is 70mm above HP and 60mm behind VP. Find the true length of the line

34. The end projectors of line AB is 60mm apart. A is 15 mm behind VP and 60 mm below HP

and end B is 70mm above HP and 30mm in front of VP. Find the true length of the line

35. Elevation of line AB measures 60mm.one end A is 25mm above HP and 20mm in front of

VP. The angle of the line with HP and VP are 500 and 350 respectively. Draw the

projections. Also find the true length of the line.

36. Length of the line AB in FV measures 30mm.A is 15mm above HP and 25 mm in front of

VP.B is 40mm above HP and the angle of the line with VP is 300.Draw the projections and

find the true inclination with HP.


37. The FV of line AB 50mm long is inclined at 450 to XY, measures 40mm.the end point A is

10mm above HP and 20mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of the line AB and find its

inclination with HP and VP. Also mark the traces.

38. The distance between the projectors of A and B is 50mm.the angle of the line in FV is

450.point A is 20mm above HP and B is 70mm in front of VP. Draw the projections and

find the true length if the line is inclined at 200 with VP.

2.7 Traces (HT-VT) given Problems

39. The front view of a line AB measures 75mm and makes an angle of 500 with XY. The end A

is in the HP and the VT of the line is 25mm above HP. The line is inclined at 350 to the VP.

Draw the projections.

40. A line AB is in the third quadrant. The ends A and B are 20mm and 60mm behind VP. The

distance between the end projectors is 75mm. the line is inclined at 300 to HP and the HT

is 10mm above XY line. Draw the projections.

41. A line AB inclined at 300 to VP has its ends 50mm and 20mm below HP. The length of its

front view is 65mm and its VT is 10mm below HP. Draw its projections.

42. AB is straight line whose front view measures 70mm and makes an angle of 300 with XY

line. The end A is in HP and the VT is 10mm below HP. The straight line is inclined at 350

to VP. Draw its projections.

43. A line AB measuring 100mm has its VT 15mm above HP The end A is 40mm above HP

and 30mm in front of VP. The projectors through A and VT are 70mm apart. Draw the

projections.

2.8 Application Problems

44. A fan is hung from the center of the roof of a room of 8*6*3m. The switch is located at a

height of 1m above one of the bottom corners. Find the distance between the fan and the

switch.

45. Two mangoes on a tree are 5m and 7m above the ground and on the opposite sides of a

vertical wall. The distance between the mangoes along the ground and parallel to the wall


is 6m. If the distance to the mangoes from the vertical wall are 2m and 4m respectively.

Find the actual distance between the mangoes. The thickness of the wall is negligible.

46. A vertical post of height 9m is supported by three guy wires AO, BO and CO. A,B,C are the

points on the ground in FV A and B are 20m and 30 m to the left of the post and C is 40m

to the right in TV, A0 is 200 west of south and BO is 350 west of north and CO is 250 north

of east. Find the true length of each guy wires and find the true inclinations with the

ground.


MODULE II

Total hours: 9 hrs.

Sem. Exam marks=20%

12 Exercises

Projection of Solids:

i. Orthographic projections of solids.

ii. Projections of simple solids (Triangular, square, pentagonal and

hexagonal prisms, pyramids, cones and cylinders) in simple positions.

iii. Axis inclined to one of the reference planes

iv. Axis inclined to both the reference planes.

NOTE: THE FIRST INTERNAL EXAM WILL BE BASED ON MODULES I AND II


3. PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS

3.1 Simple Position of Solids.

1. A right hexagonal prism height 60mm and base edge 30mm resting on its base with one

base edge perpendicular to VP and the axis is 40mm away from VP. Draw its projections.

2. A right hexagonal prism height 60mm and base edge 30mm resting on its base in VP with

one base edge perpendicular to HP. The axis is 40mm above HP. Draw its projections.

3. A right pentagonal prism, height 60mm and base edge 30mm is in space with its base

10mm above HP and one base edge perpendicular to VP. Draw the projections if the

prism is in touch with VP.

4. A pentagonal prism 60mm height and 30mm base edge on HP on its base with one of its

faces inclined at 450 with VP. Draw the FV,TV and LSV

5. A square prism of 60mm height and 30mm base edge is in space with one of its faces

inclined at 250 with HP and the nearest base is 15mm in front and parallel to VP. Draw

the projections if the farthest face edge is at a height of 55mm above HP.

6. A pentagonal prism base edge 30mm and height 60mm is lying on a face edge which is

parallel to both the planes. One face is inclined at 200 with HP and the axis is 40mm away

from VP. Draw the projections.

7. A square pyramid 60mm height and 40mm base edge is resting on its apex on HP. Draw

the projections if the axis is at a distance of 45mm away from VP and the base edges are

parallel to HP and equally inclined to VP.

8. A hexagonal pyramid base edge 30mm and height 60mm is suspended in space in such a

way that the base is parallel, nearer and 10mm above HP. Draw the FV, TV and RSV if one

base edge is at 450 with VP and the apex, 50mm away from VP.

9. A tetrahedron edge 40mm is resting on a face with an edge parallel to VP. Draw the FV

and TV.

10. A square pyramid with face edge and base edge 40mm is resting on its base on HP. Draw

the projections when


(a) All the base edges are equally inclined to VP

(b) One base edge is perpendicular to VP.

11. An octahedron of 40mm edge is resting on a corner with an axis perpendicular to HP.

draw the projections when

(a) All of its faces are equally inclined to VP

(b) Some of the faces are perpendicular to VP.

12. A cylinder height 60mm and base circle diameter is in space touching the VP and the axis

is perpendicular to HP. Draw the projections if the bottom base is at a height of 10mm

above HP.

13. A right circular cone 60mm height and base circle diameter 50mm is in space with the

base parallel to HP. Draw the FV,LSV,TV if the apex is 80mm above HP and 40 mm in front

of VP.

14. A hexagonal pyramid of height 60mm and base edge 30mm is cut into 2 pieces along the

axis and then it is perfectly joined with half the portion of a cone of same height. Draw the

projections if the farther base edge of the pyramid is inclined at 400 with VP.

15. A right circular cone base 5cm diameter and height 6cm rest symmetrically over a

rectangular block 5cmx4cm base and 3 cm height. Draw the projections.

16. A square slab of 60mm side and 15mm height is surmounted by another square slab of

45mm side and 24 mm height, on its top a right circular cone of diameter 40mm and

height 60mm is placed. The axis of the solids is in a same vertical line. Draw the isometric

view of solids.

17. A triangular prism 30X70mm is resting on one of its longer edge on hp in such a way that

its axis is parallel to both HP and VP. A tetrahedron of 25mm side is resting on the centre

of the top rectangular face with one base edge parallel to VP. Draw the projection of the

combination.

18. A hemisphere of 40mm radius is placed on the top of a cube of edge 50mm in such a way

that one point on the circumference of the hemisphere touches the centre of the top

surface of cube and the circular face of hemisphere is parallel to HP.


19. A frustum of a square pyramid, base edge 40mm, top edge 20mm and height 40mm is

resting on HP with base edges equally incline to VP. A sphere of radius 25mm is resting

on the center of the top of the frustum. Draw the projections.

20. Two spheres of diameter 50mm and 30mm are resting on HP. Touching each other; the

line joining the centers of these spheres is inclined at 400 with VP. Draw the projections.

21. Five identical spheres each 30mm diameter are arranged in pyramidal form such that

each sphere is in contact with the other four. Draw the projections when the line joining

the centers of any two adjacent bottom spheres is parallel to VP.

3.2 Auxiliary Projection of Solids (One Inclination)

22. A hexagonal prism 60mm height and 30mm base edge is resting on one of its base edges

with its axis at 300 with HP and at a distance of 40mm from VP. Draw the projections.

23. Draw the projections of a triangular pyramid height 60mm and base edge 40mm resting

on one of its base edges on HP with the face containing the above base edge inclined at

400 with HP. The nearest point of the solid is 20mm away from VP.

24. Draw the projections of a triangular pyramid of height 50mm and base edge 40mm when

resting on a base edge with a face containing that base edge is perpendicular to HP.

25. A hexagonal prism 60mm height and 30 mm base edge is resting on one of its corners in

VP with its axis inclined at 300 with VP and 40mm above HP. Draw the projections.

26. A hexagonal prism 60mm height and 30mm base edge is resting on one of its corners on

HP. Draw the projections if the axis is inclined at 300 with HP and at a distance of 40mm

in front of VP.

27. Draw the projection of a pentagonal pyramid of height 60mm and base edge 30mm

resting on a corner with the slanting edge containing the above corner at 600 with HP.

28. A pentagonal pyramid of height 60mm and base edge 30mm is resting on a corner in VP

with slanting edge containing the above corner at 600 with VP.

29. Draw the projections of a pentagonal pyramid height 60mm and base edge 30mm when

resting on a corner with a face edge containing that corner perpendicular to HP.


30. Draw the projection of a pentagonal prism height 60mm and base edge 30mm resting on

a corner with one face in VP and the axis at 300 with HP

31. Draw the projections of a cone of height 60mm and base circle diameter 50mm resting on

a point on the base circle with its axis inclined at 300 with HP and the apex 40mm away

from VP.

32. Draw the projection of a cone height 60mm and base circle diameter 50mm lying on its

generator on HP.

33. A cone of height 60mm and base circle diameter 50mm is resting on a point on the base

circle in VP with the axis inclined at 300 with VP and apex is 40mm above HP.

34. Draw the projection of a cone height 60mm and base circle diameter 50mm lying on its

generator in VP.

35. A hexagonal prism base edge 30mm and height 60mm is in space such that one base edge

is parallel and at a height of 10mm above the HP and the axis is inclined at 300 with HP

and 50mm in front of VP

36. A triangular pyramid height 60mm and base edge 30mm is hanging from the roof by a

flexible string attached to a corner. Draw the projections, if the axis is parallel to VP and

the lowest point of the solid is at a height of 20mm above HP.

37. A square pyramid base edge 40mm and height 60mm is suspended in space by a flexible

string attached to a point 40mm away from the apex and on a line joining the apex and

the midpoint of the base edge. Draw the projections.

38. Draw the auxiliary plan of a cone height 60mm and base circle diameter 50mm lying on

HP in a plane parallel to the generator of the cone.

39. Draw auxiliary plan of a square pyramid on a plane 400 inclined and touching one corner

of the pyramid. The base edge and height of pyramid are 40mm and 60mm respectively.

The pyramid is resting on HP on its base edges with all base edges are equally inclined to

VP.


40. A square pyramid with base edge 40mm and height 70mm is resting on its base on HP

with base edges equally inclined to VP. Draw a auxiliary elevation in plane parallel to one

base edge of the pyramid.

41. A hexagonal prism base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on its base on VP, with

one base edge perpendicular to HP. Draw an auxiliary elevation in plane inclined 350.

3.3 Projection of solids inclined to both HP and VP

42. A hexagonal prism edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on one of its base edges with

its axis inclined at 300 with HP and 450 with VP. The nearest point of the solid is at a

distance 10mm away from VP .draw the projections.

43. Draw the projections of a cube 50mm edge resting on one of its corners on HP when the

body diagonal of the cube is perpendicular to VP.

44. A pentagonal pyramid edge of base 25mm and height 60mm rests on a corner of its base

in such a way that the slant edge containing the corner makes an angle of 450 with HP and

300 with VP. Draw its projections.

45. A square pyramid side of base 45mm and altitude 65mm is kept with a side of base

parallel to VP and the triangular face containing that side of base being vertical. Draw the

projections of the pyramid such that the base is visible in front view.

46. A hexagonal prism base edge 30mm and height 60mm is suspended in space with one

base edge parallel and at a distance of 10mm in front of VP, the axis inclined at 400 with

HP and a face at 300 with VP. Draw the projections of the solid if the lowest point of the

solid is at a height of 15mm above HP.

47. A pentagonal pyramid height 60mm and base edge 30mm is resting on a corner with the

long edge of the above corner at 600 with HP and axis inclined at 400 with VP. Draw the

projections when the nearest point is at a distance of 20mm away from VP and when the

base is

I. To the left of the apex and nearer to VP.

II. To the right of the apex and nearer to VP.

III. To the left of the apex and farther to VP.

IV. To the right of the apex and farther to VP.


48. A pentagonal pyramid height 60mm and the base edge 30mm is lying on one of the long

edges, which is inclined at 400 with VP in TV. Draw the projections.

49. A square pyramid of base 30mm and height 60mm is resting on HP on its vertex in such a

way that one of its slant edge is vertical and the triangular face containing that slant edge

is perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections.

50. An octahedron 40mm edge is resting on a face in VP and with a solid diagonal inclined at

450 with the reference line in FV. Draw the projections the top most point is at a height of

50mm above HP.

51. A hexagonal prism, base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on one of its corners

with the axis at 300 with HP and a face at 400 with VP. The base edges containing the

above corner are equally inclined to HP.

52. Draw the projections of a triangular pyramid height 60mm and base edge 30mm resting

on one of its base edges with the face containing the above base edge inclined at 500 with

HP and the axis at 400 with VP in TV the apex is farther and 70mm in front of VP.

53. Draw the projections of a triangular pyramid height 60mm base edge 30mm lying on one

of its faces in VP with a face edge containing the above face parallel and at a height of

50mm above HP.

54. A tetrahedron edge 40mm is resting on a corner with a face inclined at 600 to HP and an

edge containing that face parallel to HP and at 600 with VP. The nearest point of the solid

is at a distance of 15mm away from VP.

55. A pentagonal pyramid height 60mm and base edge 30mm is resting on one of its corners

with the slanting face opposite to this corner is at 350 with HP. A face edge of the above

face is at 400 with VP. draw the projections of the pyramid if the apex is nearer to the

observer

56. A cube 40mm edge resting on one of its corners with a face containing that corner at 250

with HP and the horizontal diagonal of that face at 600 with VP. Draw the projections if a

second corner is in VP.


57. A cone height 60mm and base circle diameter 50mm resting on a point on the base circle

with its axis at 300 with HP and a diameter parallel to HP and is inclined at 400 with VP.

Draw the projections of the solid if the apex is farther from VP.

58. Draw the projections of a cone height 60mm and base circle diameter 50mm lying on its

generator in VP with the base at 600 with HP and a point on the base circle on HP.

59. A cylinder height 60mm and base circle diameter 50mm is resting on a point on its base

circle with the axis inclined at 300 with HP and 400 with VP in TV

60. A cone height 60mm and the angle between the generator and the base 670 is freely

hanging from a point on the base circle by a flexible string. Draw the projections if the

axis in the profile plane and the apex is at a height of 10mm above HP.

61. A pentagonal pyramid height 60mm and base edge 30mm is hung freely from a point on

the face edge 20mm away from the nearest corner. Draw the projections, if the angle of

the axis in TV is 500 and the apex is nearer to VP.

62. A pentagonal pyramid 30mm base edge and 60mm height is resting on its corner with

two of its faces equally inclined to HP and the apex in VP. The slanting edge containing

the corner on which it rest is at 600 with HP. Draw the projections if the sum of the angles

of the axis with the reference planes is equal to 900.

63. A cone 30mm base circle diameter and height 60mm is resting on a point on its base

circle with the apex in VP. If the base is visible as an ellipse with minor axis 20mm and

major axis 30mm. Draw the projections if the minor axis is vertical.

64. A hexagonal pyramid 30mm base edge and 60mm height is resting on its apex with a base

edge in VP and the axis in a plane perpendicular to both HP and VP. If the distance

between the VP and the apex 30mm, draw the projection.

65. A hexagonal prism 30mm base edge and height 60mm is resting on its base edge with

a base edge of the second base in VP. If the distance between the VP and the base edge

on which the prism rests is 40mm, draw the projections.


MODULE – III

Total hours: 7 hrs.

Sem. Exam marks=20%

12 Exercises

Isometric Projection:

i. Isometric projections and views of plane figures.

ii. Simple and truncated simple solids (Triangular, square, pentagonal and

hexagonal prisms, pyramids, cones and cylinders) in simple position including

sphere, hemisphere and their combinations.

iii. Free hand sketching-free hand sketching of real objects

iv. Conversion of Pictorial views to Orthographic views and vice versa.


4. ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS

1. Draw the isometric views of a cylinder and a cone of diameter 40mm and height 60mm, if

it is resting on its base.

2. A square pyramid of size of base 35mm and height 75mm is resting on the HP with sides

of base equally inclined to VP. Draw its isometric view and isometric projection.

3. A pentagonal pyramid of size 40mm and height 80mm is resting on HP with one side of

the base perpendicular to VP. Draw its isometric view and isometric projection.

4. A tetrahedron of size 40mm is resting on HP. Draw its isometric view, if one base edge is

a) Parallel to VP.

b) Perpendicular to VP.

5. A square pyramid edge of base 40mm and axis 60mm is lying on one its triangular faces

in HP and its axis is parallel to VP. Draw the isometric view of the pyramid.

6. A hexagonal pyramid base 50mm side and axis 100mm long, it resting on HP one of its

slant edges. Draw the isometric view.

7. A triangular prism of 30mm base and 70mm height is resting on one of its longer edges

with two longer faces equally inclined to HP and axis perpendicular to VP. A tetrahedron

of edge 30mm rests on the center of the top rectangular face. Draw the isometric

projection of the combination of solids.

8. Draw the projection of a frustum of a square pyramid with sides of two faces 6cm and

4cm and height 6cm. The solid is standing on HP in the upright position. Draw the

isometric view and projection of the solid, if base edges equally inclined to VP.

9. A pentagonal pyramid of base 25mm and axis 70mm long resting on its base on HP in

such a way that one of its base edges is parallel to VP and nearer to it. Horizontal section

plane bisect the axis. Draw the isometric view of the frustum of the pyramid.

10. A waste paper basket is in the form of a frustum of hexagonal pyramid with base 40mm

hexagon and top 60mm. draw the isometric view if its height is 100mm.

11. A sphere of radius 30mm is resting centrally on the top surface of a square plate of size

75mm. Draw the isometric view and isometric projection.


12. Draw the isometric view and projection of a sphere 50mm diameter resting centrally on a

cube of size 80mm.

13. A cylinder 80mm base diameter and 120mm height is resting on its base on HP. It is

surmounted centrally by a sphere of 50mm diameter. Draw the isometric view of the

solids.

14. A rectangular slab 75mm x 50mm x 20mm is surmounted by a cube of 40mm size. On the

top of the cube, rests a square pyramid of altitude40mm and side of base 25mm. The axes

of the solids are in the same straight line. Draw the isometric view of the solid.

15. A square pyramid base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on its base with one base

edge parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP, inclined at 300 with HP and

passing through a point 35mm above the base draw the isometric view of the bottom

portion.

16. Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal pyramid of 35mm edge of base and height 70mm

resting with its base on HP. It is truncated by a surface which is inclined at 300 to HP and

perpendicular to VP. This plane passes through the midpoint of the axis of the pyramid.

17. A hemisphere of diameter 40mm is resting centrally on the top face of a cube 50mm edge.

Draw the isometric view and projection.

18. Draw the isometric view of a hemisphere of diameter 60mm kept centrally with plain

surface upwards on the frustum of a cone of base diameter 90mm, top face diameter

50mm and height 40mm.

19. A pentagonal prism, 60mm base edge with a co-axial circular hole, 50mm diameter is

resting on its base with one base edge perpendicular to VP. Draw the isometric view.

20. A memorial consists of a square base of 1000mm side and 300mm height. At the centre of

the base, stands a tapering column 3000mm height, the diameter of base being 600mm

and at the top 300mm. A sphere of 500mm diameter rests on the top of the column, Draw

the isometric view of the arrangement, selecting a proper scale.

21. A hollow cylinder of inside diameter 40mm, outside diameter 60mm and 80mm long is

resting with its axis horizontal on a block 80mm square and 25mm thick. Draw the

isometric view of the set up.


22. A rivet head has a shape of hemisphere of radius of 32mm and is placed centrally over a

cylindrical shank of diameter 44mm and length of 75mm. draw the isometric projection

of the rivet.

23. The overall dimensions of a V block are 50mmX50mmX25mm with a V of 115mm depth.

Draw its isometric view.


5. CONVERSION OF PICTORIAL VIEWS TO ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS




MODULE – IV

Total hours: 14 hrs.

Sem. Exam - Internal

6 Exercises

Introduction to Computer Aided Drafting.

Familiarizing various coordinate systems and commands used in any standard

drafting software.

Drawing of lines, circle, polygon, arc, ellipse, etc.

Creating 2D drawings.

Transformations: move, copy, rotate, scale, mirror, offset and array; trim, extend,

fillet, chamfer.

Dimensioning and text editing.

Exercises on basic drafting principles, to create technical drawings.

Create orthographic views of simple solids from pictorial views.

Create isometric views of simple solids from orthographic views.

Solid modeling and sectioning of solids,

Extraction of 2D drawings from solid models.

NOTE: SECOND INTERNAL EXAM WILL BE A PRACTICAL EXAM BASED ON

MODULE IV ALONE.


6. COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING

Computer-aided drafting defines the process of creating a technical drawing with the

use of computer software. The commonly used 3D modeling software’s are CATIA,

SOLIDWORKS, SOLIDEDGE, AUTODESK INVENTOR, IDEAS etc.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing







MODULE – V

Total hours: 10 hrs.

Sem. Exam – 20 %

9 Exercises

Sections of Solids.

i. Sections of simple solids in simple vertical positions with section plane

inclined to one of the reference planes

ii. True shapes of sections.

Development of Solids.

i. Developments of surfaces of these solids.


7. SECTIONS OF SOLIDS

7.1 Section plane given problems

1. A pentagonal pyramid, base edge 30 mm and height 60 mm is resting on its base with one

base edge parallel to VP. A cutting plane at 300 with HP and perpendicular to VP cuts the

solid bisecting the axis. Draw the sectional FV and TV of the bottom portion and the true

shape of the section.

2. A square prism of base edge 30 mm and height 60 mm is resting on its base with base

edge at 300 with VP. A cutting plane perpendicular to VP and at 350 to HP cuts the solid

meeting the axis at a height of 25mm above HP. Draw the sectional FV, TV and SV of the

bottom portion and the true shape of the section.

3. A hexagonal pyramid of base edge 30 mm and height 60 mm is resting on its base with a

base edge perpendicular to VP. A cutting plane at 300 with HP, perpendicular to VP and

containing the base edge cuts the solid. Draw the sectional FV, TV and SV of the bottom

portion and the true shape of the section.

4. A square pyramid, 30 mm base edge and 60 mm is resting on its base with base edges

equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP, inclined at 550 with

HP and passing through a point 25 mm above the base. Draw the sectional FV, TV and SV

of the bottom portion and the true shape of the section.

5. A pentagonal pyramid base 30mm and height 70mm is resting on its base on HP with one

base edge parallel to VP and nearer to VP. It is cut by auxiliary inclined plane, inclined 300

with HP and passing through centre of the axis. Draw its FV, sectioned TV and one Side

view.

6. A hexagonal prism of base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on its base on HP with

a base edge perpendicular to VP. A cutting plane at 300 with HP, perpendicular to VP and

containing one base edge cuts the solids. Draw the sectional FV, TV and SV of the bottom

portion and the true shape of the section?

7. A tetrahedron of 100mm edge is lying on HP on one of its faces with an edge on base

perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a section plane parallel to VP and passing through a point

10mm in front of the axis. Draw sectional FV and TV?


8. A cone, base 50mm diameter and axis 55mm long is resting on its base on HP. It is cut by

a section plane perpendicular to both HP and VP and 6mm away from the axis. Draw its

FV, TV and sectional Side view?

9. A cone base diameter 60mm and height 70mm rests on the ground on its base. It is cut by

a section plane inclined to the VP at 100 and passes through a point 10mm from the

vertex.

10. A square prism of base side 30mm and height 75mm rests on the HP on one of its ends

with two of its rectangular faces equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular

to the VP and inclined at 600 to HP meeting the axis at 15mm from the top.

11. A cube of 30mm edge rests on HP on its face such that one of its vertical square faces is

inclined 300 to VP. A section plane perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP cuts the cube at

a distance of 10mm from its vertical axis and in front of it. Draw its top view and sectional

front views.

12. A cylinder base diameter 50mm and height 60mm is resting on its base on HP. It is cut by

a plane inclined 300 with HP and bisects its axis. Draw the sectional FV, TV ad SV of the

bottom portion and true shape of the section?

13. A pentagonal pyramid 30mm side. Axis 80mm height is resting on its base on the HP. One

of the longer edges is in VP and a side faces containing that edge, is inclined at 300 to VP.

It is cut by a section plane parallel to VP and 10mm in front of the axis of the pyramid.

Draw the sectional FV and TV.

14. A hexagonal pyramid base 30mm and axis 50mm is cut by a sectional plane inclined 300

to VP in two conditions,(1) Resting on HP on one of its corners with slant edge containing

that corner inclined 600 with HP(2) Resting on its triangular face on HP, with axis parallel

to VP

15. A cone base 75mm diameter and axis 75mm long has its axis parallel to VP and inclined

450 to HP. A horizontal section plane cuts the cone through the midpoint of the axis. Draw

the FV and sectional TV.

16. A pentagonal pyramid. Base 30mm and axis 75mm long is resting on the ground on one of

its triangular faces, its axis being parallel to the VP. It is cut by a section plane


perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 450 to the HP and passing through the midpoint of

top view of axis, the apex portion being removed. Draw sectional TV, FV and true shape of

the section?

17. A hexagonal pyramid of side 35mm and height 80mm is resting on one of its slant edge on

HP. It is cut by a section plane inclined 750 with HP and passing through top most corner

of it. Draw the FV and TV showing the section if the two adjacent triangular faces

containing the slant edge are equally inclined to HP. The portion near to apex is removed.

18. A pentagonal prism of base of side 50mm and height 100mm lies on the HP on one of its

rectangular faces with its axis inclined at 450 to the VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular

to VP and parallel to HP a distance of 10mm from the top. Draw the front view and

sectional top view.

19. A square pyramid of 50mm side of base and height 60mm is resting on its base on HP

keeping an edge of base parallel to VP. It is cut by two cutting planes one of which is

parallel to the extreme left slopping side and 10mm away from it while the other is

horizontal. If the cutting planes intersect on the axis of the pyramid, draw the front view,

sectional top view and sectional side view.

20. A hexagonal pyramid height 60mm and base 30mm is resting on its base with one base

edge parallel to VP. A cutting plane perpendicular to both HP and VP and at a distance of

20mm to the left of the axis cuts the pyramid. Draw the sectional SV showing the section?

21. A hexagonal prism if base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on its base with a base

edge perpendicular to VP. A cutting plane at 300 with HP, perpendicular to VP and

containing the base edge cuts the solid. Draw the sectional FV, TV and SV of the bottom

portion and the true shape of the section.

22. A hexagonal pyramid height 60mm and base 30mm is resting on its base with one base

edge parallel to VP. It is cut by two auxiliary inclined planes which are inclined at 300 and

600 with HP respectively. The cutting plane intersect on the axis at a height of 20mm

above the base, Draw the FV,TV of the sectioned solid if the common portion above the

cutting planes is only removed.

23. A right circular cone of height 60 mm and base circle diameter 50 mm is resting on its

base. It is cut by a cutting plane perpendicular to VP, inclined at 300 with HP and passing


through the midpoint of the axis. Draw the sectional FV and TV of the bottom portion and

the true shape of the section.

24. A hexagonal prism of base edge 30 mm and height 60 mm is resting on its base with one

base edge parallel to VP. A cutting plane perpendicular to HP and inclined at 600 with VP

and at a distance of 10 mm in front of the axis cuts the solid. Draw the FV and TV of the

bottom portion and the true shape of the section.

25. A square pyramid of height 60 mm and base edge 30 mm is resting on its base with the

base edges equally inclined to VP. A cutting plane parallel to VP and containing the axis

cuts the pyramid. Draw the sectional FV, TV and SV of the bottom portion and the true

shape of the section.

26. A pentagonal pyramid, height 60 mm and base edge 30 mm is resting on its base. A

cutting plane at 400 with VP perpendicular to HP and at a distance of 10 mm in front of

the axis cuts the pyramid. Draw the sectional FV and TV.

27. A cone height 60 mm and base circle diameter 50 mm is resting on its base. A cutting

plane at 400 with VP, perpendicular to HP and at a distance of 10 mm in front of the axis

cuts the cone. Draw the sectional FV, TV and SV showing the section and the true shape of

the section.

28. A pentagonal pyramid with base edge 30mm and height 60mm is lying on a slanting face

with its axis parallel to VP. A cutting plane perpendicular to VP inclined at 500 with HP

and containing an edge perpendicular to VP cut the pyramid. Draw the sectional FV, TV

and the true shape of the section.

29. A hexagonal pyramid is lying on a slanting edge (face edge) with the axis parallel to VP. A

cutting plane perpendicular to HP, inclined at 350 with VP and passing through the

midpoint of the axis cut the solid. If the portion containing the apex is removed, draw the

FV and TV of the section.

30. A cylinder of 60 mm base circle diameter and height 70 mm is resting on its base on the

HP. It has a square hole of 25 mm side cut centrally so that the axis of the cylinder

coincides with the axis of the square hole. The faces of the hole are equally inclined to VP.

It is cut by an auxiliary inclined cutting plane so that it passes through the extreme left


bottom and extreme right top points of the cylinder. Draw the FV and TV showing the

section.

7.2 True shape given problems

31. A tetrahedron, 50 mm edge resting on a face on HP is cut by an auxiliary inclined cutting

planes such that the true shape of the section are

a) A square of maximum size.

b) A rectangle with one side 13 mm.

c) A triangle with base 25 mm and height ___ mm.

d) A square of side 25mm.

e) A trapezium with parallel sides 20mm and 30mm long.

f) A triangle with base 15mm and altitude 30mm.

g) A triangle with base 15mm and maximum altitude.

h) An equilateral triangle of side 15mm

32. A cube 35mm edges has its vertical faces equally inclined to VP. It is cut by two section

planes so that the true shape of the sections are

a) An equilateral triangle of maximum size.

b) A trapezium of parallel side with one side equal to the length of diagonal of a square face and half of that length for the other side.

c) True shape is a regular hexagon.

Draw the FV and TV of the solid showing the section. Also find the inclination of the

cutting planes with HP.

33. A square pyramid, 40 mm base edge and 60 mm height is lying on its face on HP with its

axis parallel to VP. A cutting plane perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP cuts the solid

such that the true shape of the section is a trapezium with its parallel sides equal to 40

mm and 20 mm. draw the projections of the sectioned solid. Also find the inclination of

the cutting plane with HP.


34. A cone, base circle diameter 50 mm and height 60 mm is resting on its base on HP. It is

cut by a plane inclined to both HP and VP and parallel to XY. The angle of the cutting

plane with HP is 500 and it meets the base 24 mm in front of the axis. Draw the three

projections of the sectioned solid. Also draw the true shape of the section.

35. A triangular prism of side base 50mm is cut by a section plane inclined to HP and

perpendicular to VP, so that the true shape of the section obtained is a hexagon whose

opposite sides have 25mm length and the remaining 4 sides have 35mm length, what is

the height of the prism? Draw the front view, top view in section?

36. A square prism having base side 30mm is cut by a sectional plane such that the true

shape is a hexagon having two opposite sides 25mm long and the remaining four sides

40mm long. Draw top view. Front view and true shape. Determine the height of the prism

37. A square prism, base edge 40 mm and height 80 mm is resting on its base with all of its

faces equally inclined to VP. It is cut by section planes so that the true shapes are

a. A triangle with maximum base and maximum altitude.

b. A triangle with maximum base and altitude 48 mm and

c. A rhombus with diagonal 67 mm.

d. A trapezium with parallel sides 54mm ad 13mm.

e. An irregular pentagon with one side 20mm and maximum altitude.

38. A square pyramid edge of base 30mm and height 50mm is resting on its base on HP with

one of its base edges perpendicular to VP. A section plane perpendicular to VP and

inclined to HP cut the pyramid in such a way that the true shape of the section is a

trapezium. The lengths of parallel sides of the trapezium are 15mm and 25mm in the top

view. Draw the front view showing the sectional plane, top view showing the section and

true shape of the section. What is the inclination of the section plane? What is the height

of the trapezium?

39. A cone of base diameter 60mm standing upright is cut by a section plane such that the

true shape is a parabola of maximum double ordinate 50mm and vertex of the parabola is

70mm from the ordinate. Draw the front view, top view and true shape of the section.

What is the inclination of the section plane?


40. A triangular prism, base edge 40 mm and height 60 mm is resting on its base with on face

perpendicular to VP. It is cut by section planes so that the true shapes are

a. A triangle with maximum base and maximum altitude.

b. A triangle with base 32 mm and altitude 28 mm and

c. A trapezium with maximum length for one of the parallel sides and 12 mm for

the second side.


8. DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES

8.1 Basic Developments

1. A square prism, 30m base edge and 60 mm height is resting on its base on HP with its

Base edges equally inclined to VP. Develop the lateral surfaces.

2. A cylinder 50mm base diameter and 70 mm height is resting on its base on HP. Develop

the lateral surface of the cylinder.

3. A pentagonal pyramid 30mm base edge and 60mm height is resting on its base on HP

with one base edge parallel and nearer to VP. Develop the lateral surfaces

4. A cone 50mm base diameter and 70 mm height is resting on its base on HP. Develop the

lateral surface of the cone.

8.2 Development of Sectioned Solids

5. A hexagonal prism 30mm base edge and 60 mm height is resting on its base on HP with

one of its base edges parallel to VP. It is cut by a sectional plane, inclined 300 to HP and

passing through a point on axis 25mm above its base. Draw the development of the

lateral surfaces.

6. A hexagonal prism of base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on its base with one

base edge perpendicular to VP. A cutting plane inclined at 300 with HP, perpendicular to

VP and containing one base edge cuts the solid. Draw the development of the surface of

bottom portion

7. A square prism 30mm base edge and 60 mm height is resting on its base on HP with its

base edges equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a sectional plane passing through the

midpoint of axis and inclined 700 to HP. Develop the surface.

8. A cylinder 50mm base diameter and 70 mm height is resting on its base on HP. It is cut by

a sectional plane inclined 300 and passing through the midpoint of axis. Develop the

lateral surface of the cylinder.


9. A hexagonal pyramid 30mm base edge and 60 mm height is resting on its base on HP

with one of its base edges parallel to VP. It is cut by a sectional plane, inclined 300 to HP

and passing through a point on axis 25mm above its base. Draw the development.

10. A square pyramid 30mm base edge and 60 mm height is resting on its base on HP with its

base edge equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a sectional plane passing through a point on

axis, 45 mm below apex and inclined 500 to HP. Develop the surface.

11. A cone 50mm base diameter and 70 mm height is resting on its base on HP. It is cut by a

sectional plane inclined 300 and passing through the midpoint of axis. Develop the surface

of the cone.

12. A hexagonal pyramid base edge 30mm and height, 60mm is resting on its base on HP. It is

cut by two auxiliary inclined planes which are inclined at 300 and 600 with the HP

respectively. The cutting planes intersect on the axis at a height of 20mm above the base,

Draw the development of the bottom portion if the common portion above the cutting

planes is only removed.

13. A lamp shade is formed by cutting a cone of base 144mm diameter and 174 mm height by

a horizontal plane at a distance of 72mm from the apex and another plane inclined at 300

to HP, passing through one extremity of the base. Draw the development of the shade.

8.3 Development of Solids with Holes


one of its base edges parallel to VP. A square hole is made on the solid in such a way that

the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the solid and sides of the square are equal to 30 mm

and are equally inclined to VP. Draw the development of the solid.


one of its base edges perpendicular to VP. A circular hole, 40mm diameter is made on the

solid in such a way that the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the solid and perpendicular

to VP. Draw the development.


16. A cylinder 50mm diameter and 70mm height is resting on its base on HP having a

pentagonal hole in the centre of the solid. One side of hole is parallel to HP and axis of the

hole is perpendicular to VP. Draw the development of solid.

17. A cylinder of height 70mm and base circle diameter 60mm is resting on its base on HP. A

pentagonal hole of side 30mm is drilled through the cylinder in such a way that the axis of

the hole is perpendicular to VP and bisects the axis of the cylinder. If one face of the hole

is nearer and parallel to HP, develop the lateral surface of the prism


one of its base edges parallel to VP. A square hole is made on the solid in such a way that

the axis of the hole is perpendicular to VP and coincides with the midpoint of a longer

edge farther from VP. Draw the development of the solid.

19. Develop the lateral surface of the right circular cylinder cut by a semi circle of radius

25mm, with two centers, one centre at top right point of solid and second centre at a

point on axis, 25mm above base of the cylinder

20. A pentagonal prism 30mm base edge and 60 mm height is resting on its base on HP with

one of its base edges parallel to and nearer VP. A square hole is made on the solid in such

a way that the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the solid and sides of the square is equal

to 30 mm and are equally inclined to VP. Draw the development of solid.

21. Hexagonal pyramid, base edge 30mm and height 60 mm resting on its base on HP with

one base edge parallel to VP. A circular hole, 30mm diameter is drilled through the

pyramid in such a way that the axis of the hole intersects the axis of the pyramid and

18mm above HP. Develop the lateral surface of the pyramid.

22. A cone, 50mm diameter and 70mm height is resting on its base on HP having a square

hole passing through the centre of axis of the solid. Four sides of hole is equally inclined

to HP and axis of the hole is perpendicular to VP. Draw the development of the solid.

23. A cone having 50mm diameter & 70mm height is resting on its base on HP having a semi-

circle hole. Develop the surface of the cone if the flat face of the hole is inclined at 450

with HP and the midpoint of flat side coincides with the midpoint of axis.


24. A right circular cone of diameter 70mm and height 60mm is resting on HP on its base. A

semicircular hole of radius 20mm is drilled through the cone whose center is on the

extreme right generator of the cone and it is at a height of 20mm above the HP. Assume

the center line of the semicircle is coinciding with the extreme right generator of the

cone.

25. A pentagonal pyramid, base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on HP with one base

edge parallel and nearer to VP. A triangular hole is drilled through the pyramid in such a

way that the axis of the hole is perpendicular to VP and bisects the axis of the pyramid.

Develop the lateral surface of the pyramid, if one face of hole is parallel to HP and near to

HP.

26. A frustum of a cone of bottom diameter 30mm and top diameter 20mm has a height of

25mm. An isosceles triangular hole of base 22mm and height 15mm is cut through it. The

axis of the triangular hole which is perpendicular to VP, intersects the axis of the cone at

right angles. The bottom face of the triangular hole is 5mm above the base of the cone and

is parallel to it. Draw the development of the lateral surface of this cone

27. A square prism base edge 40mm and height 60, rests on its base with all the faces equally

inclined to VP. It is truncated by a section plane passing through left top corner and

inclined at 200. Also a circular hole, 25mm radius is made with centre of the hole as right

bottom corner. Develop the lateral surfaces of the solid.

28. A pentagonal prism, height 60mm and base edge 30mm is resting on its base with one

base edge parallel to VP. A square hole edge 30mm with axis perpendicular to VP and

passing through a point on vertical axis which is 20mm above base, is drilled through the

prism. A section plane passing through corner on the top of the solid and inclined 200 to

HP cuts the solid. Develop the lateral surface of the prism if the sides of the hole are

equally inclined to HP.

8.4 Applications and Shortest Distance Problems

29. The development of the lateral surface of a cone is a semi-circle of diameter 100mm.

Draw the projection of largest possible square which can be drawn on the development,

in the front view of the cone.



Draw the projection of largest possible circle which can be cut from the development and

show it on the front view of the cone.


Draw the projection of largest possible equilateral triangle which can be drawn on the

development, in the front view of the cone.

32. A right circular cone 50mm base diameter and 60mm diameter is resting on its base on

HP. An ant starts from a point on base and return to the same point after moving around

the slant surface of the cone. Find the shortest distance travelled by the ant?

33. A right circular cone 50mm base diameter and 60mm diameter is resting on its base on

HP. A point starts moving from a point nearer to observer and stops at the midpoint of

farthest generator from the observer.

34. A hexagonal pyramid, 30mm base edge and 60mm height is resting on its base on HP. A

string is tied from one corner on the base, wound around the surfaces and is brought

back to the same point. Show the shortest length of the string.

35. A hexagonal pyramid, 30mm base edge and 60mm height is resting on its base on HP with

one base edge parallel to VP. A point P starts from the extreme left corner and moves

around the pyramid and reaches its original position by moving along the shortest route

between adjacent slant edges. Draw the path of the point P in FV and TV.

36. Determine the shortest length measured on the surface between the corner of the top

face and the opposite corner of the base of frustum of a square pyramid with base side of

40mm, top side of 20mm and height of the frustum is 60mm.

37. A hexagonal prism, base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting in its base with one base

edge perpendicular to VP. A particle starts from a point on a face edge 20mm above

ground and nearer to the observer and reaches the top end of the diametrically opposite

and reaches the top end of the diametrically opposite face edge, Draw the shortest path


MODULE – VI

Total hours: 6 hrs.

Sem. Exam marks=20 %

6 Exercises

Intersection of Surfaces:

i. Cylinder and cylinder,

ii. Prism and prism.

iii. Axis bisecting at right angles only.

Perspective projections:

i. Perspective projections of simple solids ( Triangular, square, pentagonal and

hexagonal prisms, pyramids, cones and cylinders)

NOTE: PORTIONS COMPLETED FOR THE FINAL SEMESTER EXAMINATION.

COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING IS FOR INTERNAL WORK ASSESSMENT

ONLY, NOT INCLUDED FOR THE SEMESTER EXAMINATION


9. INTERSECTION OF SURFACES

1. A cylinder of height 60mm and base circle diameter 50mm is resting on its base. Another

cylinder of 40mm diameter, 70mm height and axis parallel to both the planes penetrates

through the vertical cylinder such that the axis bisects each other. Draw the curve of

intersection.



through the vertical cylinder such that the axis parallel to both planes, 30mm above HP

and 7mm in front of vertical axis of the penetrated cylinder. Draw the curve of

intersection.



through the vertical cylinder such that the axis parallel to both planes, 30mm above HP

and 11mm in front of vertical axis of the penetrated cylinder. Draw the curve of

intersection.

4. Two cylinders of 50mm diameter and 70mm height penetrate each other with the axis

bisecting each other at right angles. Draw the curve of intersection.

5. Show that the curve of intersection of two cylinders become line of intersection

6. A vertical square prism of 40mm base edge and 70mm height is penetrated by another

square prism of 30mm base edge and 60mm height in such a way that the axis bisects

each other at right angles. If the faces of both the prisms are equally inclined to VP, Draw

the projections showing the line of intersection.


square prism of 30mm base edge and 60mm height in such a way that the axis parallel to

both planes, 35mm above HP and 5mm in front of vertical axis.. If the faces of both the

prisms are equally inclined to VP, Draw the projections showing the line of intersection.


square prism of 30mm base edge and 60mm height in such a way that the axis parallel to


both planes, 30mm above HP and 12mm in front of vertical axis.. If the faces of both the

prisms are equally inclined to VP, Draw the projections showing the line of intersection.

9. Two square prisms of base edge 30mm and 70mm height penetrate each other with the

axis bisecting each other at right angles. Draw the curve of intersection, if the faces are

equally inclined to reference planes

10. A vertical cylinder of 80mm diameter is completely penetrates by a horizontal cylinder of

60mm diameter. The axis of the horizontal cylinder is 15mm in front of the axis of the

vertical cylinder. Draw the top and front view showing the curves of intersection. Assume

suitable lengths for both the cylinders. .

11. A vertical hexagonal prism base side 75mm and 210 mm long is completely penetrated by

a horizontal square prism 75mm side and 210mm long. The axis of the horizontal prism

is parallel to VP and 4mm in front of the axis of the hexagonal prism.

12. A cylinder of height 60mm and base circle diameter 50mm resting on one base is

penetrated by another cylinder of 50mm diameter such that the axes intersect each other

at right angles, if the axis of the penetrating cylinder is 20mm above HP and 11mm in

front of the axis of the vertical cylinder, Draw the curve of the intersection.

13. A vertical cylinder 50mm diameter and 70mm long penetrates through a horizontal

cylinder of diameter 50mm and length 60mm. Draw the curve of intersection if the axis of

the horizontal cylinder is perpendicular to VP.

14. A vertical pentagonal prism of base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on its base

with one base edge perpendicular to VP.A square prism of 30 mm base edge and 70mm

height penetrates through the vertical prism in such a way that the axes bisects each

other at right angles. If the faces of the penetrating prism are equally inclined to HP and

the axis parallel to VP, Draw the projections of the solid showing the line of intersection.

15. A triangular prism side 50mm is resting on its base with one side perpendicular to VP. A

horizontal hexagonal prism, 20mm base edge is penetrating the vertical solid such that

the axes bisect each other; Draw the curve of intersection if one face of the horizontal

prism is parallel to VP.


16. A horizontal cylinder of diameter 40mm penetrates a vertical cylinder of diameter 60mm.

The axis of the piercing cylinder is parallel to both HP and VP and is offset by a distance of

10mm from the axis of the vertical cylinder. Draw the curves of intersection.

10. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

1. A square lamina of 30mm side rests on one of its sides on the ground touching the

picture plane. The station point is 40mm above the ground plane 30mm in front of the

picture plane and lies in a central plane 20mm to the right of the centre of the square.

Draw the perspective view of square.

2. A rectangular prism of 25mm x 30mm side and 50mm height is lying on the ground plane

on one of its rectangular faces in such a way that one rectangular face is parallel to and

10mm behind the picture plane. The central plane is 60mm away from the axis of the

prism towards the left. Draw the perspective view of the prism, if the station point is

55mm in front of picture plane and 40mm above the ground plane. The prism is resting

on its 50mm x 25mm rectangular face.

3. Draw the perspective view of a rectangular prism of 100mm x 50mm x 40mm size lying

on its 100mm x 50mm rectangular face on the ground plane with a vertical edge touching

the picture plane and the end faces inclined at 450 with h the picture plane. The station

point is 120mm in front of the picture plane, 80mm above the ground plane and lies in a

central plane, which is passing through the centre of the prism.

4. Draw the perspective projection of a pentagonal prism of side 25mm and length 50mm

lying on one of its rectangular faces on the ground plane and one pentagonal face

touching the picture plane. The station point is 55mm in front of the picture plane and is

the central plane which is 75 mm to the left of the centre of the prism. Station point is

30mm above the ground plane.

5. A cube of 25mm side is placed vertically with one of its edges on the picture plane and the

square end face touching an auxiliary ground plane at a height of 45mm above the

horizon plane. The vertical edge formed by the two adjacent rectangular faces which are

inclined at 450 to the picture plane, touches the picture plane. Draw perspective view of

the cube, if the station point is 70mm in front of the picture plane and lies in the central

plane which is 30mm to the right side of the centre of the cube


6. A rectangular prism of size 60mm x 40mm, 100mm long is placed on an auxiliary ground

plane. The face 100mm x 60mm touches the bottom side of the plane. A vertical edge of

the prism is in contact with the picture plane while the longer face containing that edge

makes an angle 300 with the picture plane .The station point is 105 mm in front of picture

plane and 75 mm below the auxiliary ground plane. Draw the perspective view of the

prism if the station point is on the central plane passing through the centre of gravity of

the prism.

7. A square prism of base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on a face with the axis

inclined at 300 with PP and the center of the nearest base in the PP, SP is 30mm in front of

the PP, 5mm to the right of the midpoint of the axis and 50mm above GP. Draw the

perspective view of the prism.

8. A square prism of base edge 30mm and height 60mm is resting on a face with the axis

perpendicular to PP and the nearest base parallel and 20mm behind the PP .the SP is

80mm to the right of the axis of the solid and 50mm above the ground plane ,25mm in

front of PP. draw the perspective view of the prism

9. A square pyramid, height 40mm and base edge 30mm is resting on its base with the

nearest base edge parallel and 10mm behind the picture plane. Station Point is 50mm

above GP and 35mm in front of PP. Draw the perspective if the axis is lying in the CP.

10. A pentagonal pyramid of height 45mm and base edge 30mm is resting on its base with

one base edge parallel and 10mm behind the PP. The station point is 22mm in front of

PP, 38mm to the left of the axis and 55mm above GP. Draw the perspective view.

11. A square prism, base edge 40mm and height 60mm is resting on its base with a vertical

face in PP the station point is 80mm above GP, 60mm in front of PP and 120mm to the left

of the axis of the solid, Draw the perspective projection

a. if the solid is completely behind the PP

b. if the solid is completely in front of the PP

12. A cone, base circle diameter 50mm and height 60mm is resting on its base with its axis

40mm behind the PP. The SP is 30mm in front of the PP, the CP is 35mm to the left of the

axis and the horizon line 40mm above GP. Draw the perspective views.


13. A triangular pyramid, height 40mm and base edge 40mm is resting on its base with one

base edge perpendicular to PP. the axis is 30mm behind the PP.SP is 70mm above GP,

20mm in front of PP and 40mm to the right of the axis. Draw the perspective view of the

pyramid.

14. Draw the perspective view of a tetrahedron of 50mm side when it is resting on the

ground with one of its resting edge parallel to the picture plane .the vertical axis of the

tetrahedron is in between the parallel side and the picture plane and 35mm behind the

PP the observer stands 60mm in front of the PP, 40mm to the left of the axis of the solid

and 30mm above the ground.

15. A regular hexagonal pyramid, side of base 30mm and height 50mm rests on its base on

the ground plane with one of its base edges in the PP. The station point is 60mm above

the ground plane and 50mm in front of the PP. The CP is 25mm to the left of the axis.

Draw the perspective view of the pyramid.

16. A hexagonal prism of 25mm side and 30mm height is placed vertically with one of its

30mm edges on the PP and the top hexagonal face touching an auxiliary ground plane at a

height of 60mm above the horizon plane. Draw the perspective view of the prism if SP is

70mm in front of PP and lies in a CP which is 30mm to the right side of the centre of the

prism.

17. The frustum of a triangular pyramid, bottom base edge30mm, height 30mm and top edge

15mm is in space with the bottom base parallel and 20mm above the ground. One of the

top base edge is in PP. Draw the perspective projection if the station point is 50mm above

the ground, 50mm to the right of the axis and 20mm in front of PP.

18. A cone, base circle diameter 50mm and height 60mm is resting on its base with its axis

40mm behind the PP. The station point is 30mm in front of PP, the central plane is 35mm

to the left of the axis and the horizon line, 40mm above GL. Draw the perspective view of

the cone.

19. A hexagonal prism, base edge 30mm and height 40mm resting on its base on the ground

with one of its rectangular faces inclined at 300 to PP. and the nearest vertical edge 15mm

behind the PP. the station point is 40mm in front of the PP, 60mm above the GP and lies


in a CP, 45mm to the left of the vertical edge nearer to PP .Draw the perspective

projection of the prism.

20. A cylinder of 50mm base circle diameter and 60mm height is resting on its base on the

ground with its axis 35mm behind the PP. the SP is 40mm in front of PP. The horizon line

is 70mm above GP and the axis of vision 55mm to the left of the axis of the cylinder. draw

the perspective projection.

21. A triangular prism of base edge 30mm and 50mm long is resting on one of its rectangular

faces on the ground with its base edge making an angle of 400 with the picture plane .the

nearest corner of the rectangular face on the ground is 10mm behind the PP. the station

point is 70mm from the PP. and 10mm to the right of the corner nearest to PP. the

horizon plane is 60mm above the ground. Draw the perspective view of the object.

22. A triangular pyramid height 40mm and base edge 40mm is resting on its base with one

base edge perpendicular to PP. The axis is 30mm behind PP. Station Point is 70mm above

GP, 20mm in front of PP, and 40mm to the right of the axis. Draw the perspective

view.(Perspective projections from SV and TV)

23. A square pyramid of side 36mm and height 50mm is resting on the ground plane, such a

way that one side of the base is touching the picture plane, the station point is 60mm

above the ground plane, 70mm in front of the picture plane and contained in the central

plane, which passes at a distance of 50mm from the axis of the pyramid towards left side.

Draw the perspective view of the pyramid by using the top and side views.


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DRAWING SHEET LAYOUT - WordPress.com · 4 Engineering Graphics Workbook 2.2 Line parallel to one plane and inclined to other 5. 0 Draw the projections of line AB of length 50mm, parallel