Driver EducationSection VI

• Day 1 - Occupant Protection

SOL DE 14

• The student will demonstrate an understanding of the proper use of vehicle occupant protection features and analyze how they reduce injury severity and increase collision survival

a. Active restraint system

b. Passive restraint system

c. Child restraint system

d. Highway safety design

Objective

• The student will– Understand the proper use of seatbelts,

airbags, and child restraints

Day 1 – Occupant Protection• Bell Ringer – #1

– 3 paragraphs 5 sentences each

– Describe your experience riding in a car during braking and accelerating. What does it feel like to be a passenger in a car that suddenly stops? Suddenly accelerates?

• Why do you think wearing safety belts is especially important in these situations?

• Why is it important for all passengers in the car to buckle up?

• What are some other features on a car that make it safer?

Definitions

• Active Restraint

• Passive Restraint

• Occupant

• Head Restraints

• Air Bags

Occupant ProtectionDMVM > 20-21Text > 120-122

DOE PP > Module 8 & Module 9

Topics• Safety Belts • Child Safety Seats • Air Bags• Other Structural

Features

Safety BeltsDMVM > 20

Text Book > 120

• Can double your chances of surviving a crash and more than double your chances of avoiding serious injury.

• Reduces chances of being killed by 50% and reduces chance of serious injury by 70%.

Safety Belt Clip

Buckle up to guard against additional injury from a Buckle up to guard against additional injury from a secondary collision or ejection from the vehiclesecondary collision or ejection from the vehicle

Accidents have three separate collisions:

1. The vehicle collision, the car hits something.

2. The occupant collision, the occupant hits unsecured items inside the vehicle.

3. The organs of the body colliding with the skeletal system.

COPY THIS SECTION

Virginia Safety Belt LawsDMVM > 20

• Requires drivers and front seat passengers to use safety belts.

• A driver transporting anyone through age 15 must make sure that the child is properly secured in a safety belt, booster seat or child safety seat no matter where the child is seated.

Virginia Law for ChildrenDMVM > 21

DOE PP > Module 8

• All children under age eight must be properly secured in a child safety seat or booster seat.

• Safest if seated in back center seat

• Infant seats/rear facing/birth to 20 lbs.

• Use child seats up to 40 lbs.

• Use booster seats up to 60 lbs.

Movement of Belted OccupantMovement of Belted OccupantDOE PP> Module 8

Head = 1.9 ft.Head = 1.9 ft.

Chest = 1.3 ft.Chest = 1.3 ft.

Pelvis = 1.2 ft.Pelvis = 1.2 ft.

31 MPH Crash31 MPH Crash

DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE

Safety Belt Clip

Types of Child Safety SeatsDOE PP > Module 8

Forward Facing Child Restraints

Rear Facing Infant Seat

Booster Seats

Up to 20 LBS

Up to 40 LBS

Over 40 LBS until age 8

DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE

Adjusting Belts for Proper FitAdjusting Belts for Proper Fit

Handout

Wear Lap BeltWear Lap Belt low and snug across hips (pelvis) to low and snug across hips (pelvis) to avoid unnecessary internal injuriesavoid unnecessary internal injuries

Wear Shoulder BeltWear Shoulder Belt over collar bone and chest over collar bone and chest (sternum) to avoid shoulder (sternum) to avoid shoulder dislocation and rib cage dislocation and rib cage damagedamage

Seat belts should be worn over the strongest skeletal bones

Additional Safety Belt ConcernsAdditional Safety Belt ConcernsDOE PPDOE PP > Module 8 > Module 8

• Keeping the seat back in an upright Keeping the seat back in an upright position avoids the submarine effect of position avoids the submarine effect of the lower body in a frontal crash.the lower body in a frontal crash.

COPY THIS SLIDE

Safety Belt Clip

Air BagsDMVM > 20-21

Text > 120

• They cushion occupants as they move forward in a front-end crash.

• The air bag keeps the occupant’s head, neck and chest from hitting the steering column or dashboard.

• Some vehicle’s have air bags that inflate in a side collision.

• Air bags do not take away the need to wear safety belts.

Video ClipWith & Without Side Air Bags

Air Bag in Steering WheelAir Bag in Steering Wheel• Raise seat or adjust steering wheel to Raise seat or adjust steering wheel to

direct air bag toward chest and not at direct air bag toward chest and not at the facial areathe facial area

• Adjust seat for a minimum 10-inch Adjust seat for a minimum 10-inch clearance between chest and steering clearance between chest and steering wheelwheel

• Hand position should be at 8 and 4Hand position should be at 8 and 4

• Avoid 10 and 2 hand position to prevent Avoid 10 and 2 hand position to prevent blow hole burns to hands and armsblow hole burns to hands and arms

Handout

Air Bags at Work

Fatal Crashes

63% of people killed in accidents are not wearing seat belts

COPY THIS SLIDE

Read Pages 120 – 122“What features protect you and your passenger from injury?”

- Answer Lesson 2 Review Question #2 (page 122)* Make sure to write down all 9 features AND explain why these features are important in your opinion.

Class Work #1Other Structural Features

Text Book > 120 - 122

Other Structural FeaturesText Book > 121 - 122

• Head Restraints• Door Locks• Childproof door Locks• Tempered Safety-glass windows• Impact-resistant Bumpers• Protective padding on the Dashboard and Roof• Energy-absorbing steering column

Answers to Lesson 2 Review Question #2

Make Sure your answers Match

(EACH SHOULD HAVE AN EXPLAINATON)

Other Structural FeaturesDOE PP> Module 8

Vehicle Crumple ZonesVehicle Crumple Zones

Anti-Lock BrakesAnti-Lock Brakes

Traction Control DevicesTraction Control Devices

Electronic Stability Program (ESP)Electronic Stability Program (ESP)

Suspension Control DevicesSuspension Control Devices

HeadlightsHeadlights

DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE

Other Structural FeaturesVideo clip

Vehicle Systems — Vehicle Systems — Brake SystemsBrake Systems

How Brakes Work

Brakes are actually energy conversion devices.

When you step on the brakes, they convert the kinetic energykinetic energy (momentum) of your vehicle into thermal energythermal energy (heat).

Thousands of pounds of pressure are applied on each of the four brakes, permitting the driver to slow or stop the rotation of the tires.

The friction of the tires against the road surface will then slow and/or stop the vehicle.

DO NOT WRITE THIS SLIDE

DOE PP> Module 9

Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)

Topic 2 Lesson 1

** ABS was developed to assist driver braking ABS was developed to assist driver braking actions by preventing tires from sliding and to actions by preventing tires from sliding and to keep them rotating slowly to allow steering.keep them rotating slowly to allow steering.

Vehicle Systems — Vehicle Systems — ABS Brake SystemABS Brake System

DOE PP> Module 9

Handout

Enhanced Braking Action

Reduced Stopping Distance

Increased Vehicle Stability

Enhanced Vehicle Steerability

ABS AdvantagesABS Advantages

Braking and Steering

In many emergency In many emergency situations braking situations braking alone may not prevent alone may not prevent a collision.a collision.

Handout DOE PP> Module 9

1.1. Increase your following Increase your following distance in bad weatherdistance in bad weather

2.2. Practice using ABSPractice using ABS

3.3. Keep your foot firmly on Keep your foot firmly on the brake even if it vibratesthe brake even if it vibrates

4.4. Check owner’s manual for Check owner’s manual for special concernsspecial concerns

With ABS…With ABS…

INC

RE

AS

EIN

CR

EA

SE

DOE PP> Module 9 Handout

1.1. Drive More AggressivelyDrive More Aggressively

2.2. Pump the BrakesPump the Brakes

With ABS, Do NotWith ABS, Do Not

3. Steer Too Much3. Steer Too Much

4. Be Alarmed by ABS Noise or Vibration4. Be Alarmed by ABS Noise or Vibration

DOE PP> module 9Handout

Highway Design Features

DOE PP> Module 8

Wide clear shoulders and wide lanes

Rumble strips installed at the road edge

Redesign of median barriers

Traffic calming devices

Handout

Highway Design Features

DOE PP> Module 8

1-Breakaway sign support posts

3- Crash attenuators such as vinyl liquid or sand filled drums

2- New design guard rails with ends angled away from roadway and buried

Handout

Highway Design Features

DOE PP> Module 8

4-Protected left and right turn bays

5-Collector/distributor lanes on high

speed, high density highways

- separates slower moving

entering/exiting traffic from

the higher speed through

traffic

6-Variable message signs alert

drivers to weather conditions,

construction, and traffic problems

Handout

Class Work #23 paragraphs, 5 sentences each

• Come up with TWO additional safety features, for either the car or the roadway and explain why your safety features should be used and how they are to be implemented.

Work on until the end of the class