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The Urban Water Crisis

“Stellenbosch University acting today for a sustainable tomorrow”

Drought Response Plan Overview

1. Introduction

2. Stellenbosch University Drought Impact Risk Assessment

3. University Drought Response Plan

4. Drought Mitigation Projects

5. Q & A session

Presentation Structure

Wemmershoek Dam

Bergrivier Dam

Theewaterskloof Dam

Wemmershoek Pipeline

Muldersvlei

Klapmuts

Stellenbosch

Dwarsrivier Franschhoek

Koelenhof

Kylemore

Pniel

Rathby

Paradyskloof WTP

Idas Valley Dams & WTP

Kleinplaas Dam

Faure WTP

Blackheath WTP

Stellenbosch Water Savings Achieved

43.02%46.74%

49.86%51.44%

23.48%

29.35%27.87%

35.51%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

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90000

Pe

rce

nta

ge S

avin

gs [

%]

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n [

kl]

Month

Stellenbosch University: Bulk water savings (Month-to-Month basis)

Percentage savings 2018 2015 [kl] (Baseline) 2017 [kl] 2018 [kl]

*Based on 100% Municipal Water Meter Readings

Drought Response Action Plan

Which interventions to implement first?

‘lowest hanging fruit’

Reduce: Efficient fittings, pressure reduction

Reuse: Rainwater harvesting, greywater reuse,

treated effluent

Augment: Groundwater abstraction & managedaquifer recharge (SuDS), Dam Water, River Water

Reduce

Augment

Best Practice Approach

Reuse

Stellenbosch Campus Water ConsumptionCampus daily water consumption =

2 500 000 liters per day

Equal to Coetzenburg Olympic Size

Swimming Pool

Reduced to 1 800 000 liters per day

Additional 1 500 000 liters per day

for irrigation of gardens from Eerste

River now 50% of supplied from 6

boreholes

Stellenbosch Municipality daily water

consumption = 23 Million liters

(9 Olympic sized swimming pools)

Paradigm Shift

Campus Risk Opportunity

Infrastructure/Operational

Reduce Re-use Augment

Stellenbosch AcademicResearch

AdministrativeReputation

Yes YesGreywater for toilet flushing and limited

irrigation

YesIrrigation only

Tygerberg Medical

AcademicResearch grantsAdministrative

Reputation

Yes YesGreywater for toilet flushing and limited

irrigation

YesPotable water from

groundwater

Bellville Business School

AcademicAdministrative

Reputation

Yes YesGreywater for toilet flushing and limited

irrigation

Yes, Potable water from Tygerberg Quarry

stormwater

Mariendahl AgricultureEconomicResearch

Yes No Yes, Potable water from groundwater and for

animals

Worcester AdministrativeAcademic

Yes No Yes, Potable water from groundwater

Saldanha AdministrativeAcademic

Yes No TBC

Reduce Water Consumption

Awareness Campaigns

Responsible Use of Water

Retrofit Shower Heads

Reduce Shower Times

Alternative Water Sources

Groundwater - Boreholes

Rainwater harvestingStormwater harvesting

Treated Waste Water Effluent?

Reduce Leakage and Wastage

“War on Leaks”

Pressure Reduction (by Municipality)

Actions Implemented

Re-use Waste Water

Greywater from showers for toilet flushing

▪ Plumbers regular meetings and repair

▪ Leak detection

▪ Efficiencies: Showers, toilets volume replacement, taps, waterless urinals

▪ Research: Washing machine, distil equipment

▪ Awareness Presentation – program, competitions

▪ Radio, articles, website, screen, newspaper

▪ Electronic Metering

Immediate Interventions

• Municipal Meters – 1 + 1 meter• Terra Firma – 8 extra, 6 log, 5 replace• Live monitoring of each building• Water profile of daily consumption• Demand management

Campus Water Meter Replacement Programme

Campus Water SavingsDaily Usage

(Average for Feb 2018)

1.34 ML/d

% Savings(Feb 2018 vs. 2015 Baseline)

46.74 %(Target = 45.0%)

43.02%46.74%

-20%

-10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

0

10000

20000

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90000

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Per

cen

tage

Sav

ings

[%

]

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n [

kl]

Month

Stellenbosch University: Bulk water savings (Month-to-Month basis)Percentage savings 2017 Percentage savings 2018 2015 [kl] (Baseline) 2017 [kl] 2018 [kl]

*Based on 100% Municipal Water Meter Readings

Greywater Re-use Model63%

SavingTotal Potable:

35.7 kl/d I+ Irrigation Saving

Rainwater:

5.1 kl/d Toilets: 4.0 kl/d

TreatmentShowers: 13.6 kl/d llJJi

.Other: 14.7 kl/d

Showers: 4.0 kl/d

Evapo-Transpiration :

1.3 kl/d

Treatment Irrigation : 5.3 kl/d

Showers: 13.6 kl/d :

__ _ _ Laundry: 3.4 kl/d :

I ....

Infiltrate: 0 kl/d

!Leaks: 6 kl/dSewage: 20.4 kl/d

Tygerberg Campus Grey Water Re-use Scheme

Stellenbosch Campus Greywater Re-use Scheme

HYDROGEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL IN

STELLENBOSCH

Aquifer Type and Yield map of Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch. (DWAF, 2002).

DWAF (2002)

Regional

dataset

inaccurate on

local scale

Geological data

a better

indicator

HYDROGEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL IN

STELLENBOSCH

Geological Map of Stellenbosch University (CGS, 3318 Cape Town)

Code Lithology Formation Group

River Terrace Gravel - -

N-cs

Granite: mainly coarse grained porphyritic

with medium- to coarse-grained, fine-

grained leucocratic hybridic, fine-to

medium-grained tourmaline-bearing and

course grained biotitic variants

Stellenbosch Granite Pluton

(SGP)Cape Granite Suite

NtSericritic and chloritic greywacke,

occasionally conglomerateTygerberg Malmesbury

Kuilsriver/Helderberg

granite Pluton (Red) – low

potential

Stellenbosch granite

pluton (pink) – low

potential

Tygerberg Formation

(grey) and alluvium

(yellow) – increased

potential*Generally speaking

P

Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch Campus – Coetzenburg Borehole Supply Proposal

Legend

Existing Borehole

Proposed pipeline

Existing electrical cable

Existing pipeline (irrigation)

Note:

Borehole water quality must comply with SANS 241:2015 Drinking Water Standards

Existing Pump House (Wellhead to

be located inside pumphouse)

Closed Valve

Open Valve

Non-return Valve

HPHeat Plant

Borehole Yield Test Results

P Pump

Tank

Fenced concrete plinth

Chamber

200m100m0m

Site ID Lat (WGS84)Long

(WGS84)

Borehole

depth

(m)

Pump

depth (m)

Pump rate

(L/s)

Pump

duration

(hours)

Rest

duration

(hours)

Maximum

water level

(m)

Coetzenburg -33.940623° 18.870087° 51.6 15 1.5 16 8 10

Coetzenburg Borehole

Connection to existingAstroturf irrigation tanks

upstream of the Solenoid Valve(4 X 10 000 litre tanks )

Connection to outside pool

Connection to tanks/ indoor pools

Connection to Astroturf irrigation tanks (4 X 10 000 litre tanks ) – Connect

to existing pipework at the tanks (located at the solenoid valve)

Containerised Borehole Water Treatment

Copyright © Hatch 2017. All Rights Reserved.

Pump treated water directly into distribution network at 0.5 bar (5 m) higher pressure than max night pressure in network or into storage tanks

Borehole fit out

Containerised water treatment plant includes treatment Stages:

1. Ozone disinfection with sufficient contact time2. Iron and Manganese Removal Filtration3. Activated Filter Media (AFM) Filtration4. Activated Carbon Adsorption Filtration5. Micro filtration 6. Ultra Violet Disinfection7. Liquid Chlorine Disinfection8. Variable Frequency Drive Water Supply Pumps (N+1), treated water delivery pressure into the existing distribution network

Existing Campus Water Demand = 150 kl/dayTygerberg Quarry already used for irrigation of campus gardens

Quarry water quality has been analysed and can be treated to drinking water standards using a container based package plant as drought mitigation

Bellville CampusEmergency Water Supply Proposal

Tygerberg Campus - Potable Water AugmentationContainerised Water Treatment Plant Civil Layout

Legend

New Raw Water Main (black pipe)

Closed Valve

Open Valve

Non-return Valve

New Treated Water Main (blue pipe)

FM Flow Meter

P Pump

Underground Reservoir

New Electrical ConnectionNote: Boreholes will be pumped for 12 hours per day and rested for 12 hours

Containerised Water Treatment Plant

Existing Underground Reservoir (700 kl) and Booster

Pump Station

Existing borehole

BH 1

BH 3

BH 2

BH 4

BH 5

Store up to 500 kl of raw water from Bellville Quarry in existing

swimming pool

Proposed containerised borehole water treatment

plant 430 kl/day (10 l/s)

P

Proposed Stormwater Storage

Tank

Borehole fitted with new pumps

Existing incoming municipal supply pipeline

New non-return value on incoming municipal main

P

Grey Water Pipework in Shared Trench

Existing Incoming Water Main

Note: 2no. Kabelflex cable duct installed along all pipe routes

2no. 50mm dia. HDPE pipes for grey water system laid in same

trench as borehole main, daylighted at ends

T-off for grey water collection system

Scour Valve

Air Valve

T-off for grey water collection system

Containerised Borehole Water Treatment Plantscan produce up to 1.3 Million litres per day to SANS 241 standard

Van der Stel

Wemmershoek

Die Braak

Cloetesville

Tygerberg Campus

Lessons Learnt:• Procurement – fast tracking

• Statutory Processes involved - Water Use Licensing

• The role of consultants and specialists

• The role of Facilities Management

• Involve the Dept Water & Sanitation early

• Local knowledge of the area

• Local authority buy-in

• Community buy-in

Copyright Cc) Hatch 2017.All Rights Reserved.

Thank you!

Questions and Discussion

Copyright Cc) Hatch 2017.All Rights Reserved.