Drug Abuse and Condition of Bangladesh

8/18/2019 Drug Abuse and Condition of Bangladesh

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Drug abuse and condition of Bangladesh

Abstract

Drug abuse has been a rising social and economic problem in post-war Bangladesh.

Drug abuse and addiction are a major burden to any society. Staggering as these numbers are,

however, they do not fully describe the breadth of deleterious public health and safety

implications, which include family disintegration, loss of employment, failure in school,

domestic violence, child abuse, and other crimes. The objectives of this study are to

investigate the perception and behavior about drugs of abuse among students of private

universities in Dhaka city. rivate !niversity students have chosen due to fact that they

represent part of the youth of Bangladesh. Data have collected from the students of "# private

university of Bangladesh in Dhaka city by a structured $uestionnaire form. %uestionnaire

form consisted of three points, which is socio demographic data, behavior and perception

about drug abuse. The numbers of total participants were &'' students. The samples had

consisted of both undergraduate ()&*+ and graduate ("*+ students. ost of the participants

were male ()*+. ost most of the participants were uslim ()/*+. 0bout &* of the

participants were involved with drug of abuse. 0mong them )"* were male and the rest were

female. 0lmost all students (/1*+ had knowledge about drugs of abuse including their

harmful effects. 0bout /#* students said that drugs of abuse are very common inBangladesh. 0bout /#* students said drug abuse is very common in Bangladesh. 2n case of

drug abuser, it is /3*. 0bout 3* of the students told that it happens due to lack of honesty.

4ther reasons were lack of 5overnment law enforcement ("&*+, lack of knowledge ("/*+,

and lack of practice of religion ("1*+. 2n case of drug abuser, it was lack of honesty (1/*+,

lack of 5overnment law enforcement (""*+, and lack of knowledge (")*+. ost of the

students ()&*+ had previous idea about dependency of a prescription drugs. 2n case of drug

abuser, it is )3*. ost of the students came to know about this information from physicians

(&*+, media (#*+, friends (#*+, and pharmacists ("3*+. The 5overnment of Bangladesh

should take proper steps for controlling it6 otherwise, it may cause serious damage in our

young generation as well as for our society as a whole.

1.1 Drug abuse

Drug abuse or substance abuse is the use of any chemical substance especially

controlled substances such as psychoactive drugs, narcotics, hormones, prescription

medication or over the counter medicines in a way that society deems harmful to the user or


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others. 0 person who abuses a drug uses illegal drugs, or uses legal drugs in a manner that

conflicts with the directions given by a physician. 0bused drugs include narcotic pain

medications, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, sedative, stimulants, and drugs that cause

hallucinations. hysical dependence on a drug is called drug dependency. sychological

dependency results in drug addiction. 7"8

Drug abuse is most commonly associated with addictive substances. 0lcohol is also

addictive and prone to abuse6 however, the term alcohol abuse is generally used distinctly

from 9drug abuse. Some of the most commonly abused drugs are alcohol6 nicotine6

marijuana6 amphetamines6 barbiturates6 cocaine6 metha$ualone6 opium alkaloids6 synthetic

opioids6 ben:odia:epines, including flunitra:epam (;ohypnol+6 gamma-hydro


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any use of prescription or non-prescription medication use beyond what, or any use of a

chemical to get high, is drug abuse. 738

There are some drugs that are used to rela


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development, especially of certain critical cognitive functions like the capacity to memori:e.

7)8

Ihile ecstasy is said to have little or no side effects, studies show that its use alters,

perhaps permanently, certain brain functions and damages the liver and other body organs.

0lthough not listed as illicit, inhalants are widely abused, especially by disadvantaged youth.

Some of these volatile substances, which are present in many products such as glue, paint,

gasoline and cleaning fluids, are directly to


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even needed. Some countries do not re$uire prescriptions for opioid painkillers or other

commonly abused drugs, so they can be obtained from some websites without a prescription.

4btaining drugs online from pharmacies that do not re$uire a prescription can be risky. Some

websites sell counterfeit drugs that contain potentially dangerous substances. 78

1.) *is+ ,actors of drug abuse

-enetic/nherited

Ie are all a product of our parents. 2f your parents have addiction struggles, chances

are you are more susceptible to addiction. That is, why drug abuse is more common in some

families than in others. 2f your parents smoke, chances are good you will smoke. 2f your

parents used alcohol, probably follow and use that drug in much the same way. 2f your father

was an alcoholic, you have a predisposition to abusing that drug. Drug abuse causes onegeneration to pass it on to the ne


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2f one wants to get drugs, he or she will not have to look far because they are

everywhere. ?igh school students can tell you this. Drug abuse causes people to sell drugs to

the most vulnerable population, children. 2t is not just the stereotypical poor sections of the

inner city that serve as the hotbed for drugs. Drugs are found in suburban shopping malls,

rural schools, and well-to-do private school, on the job in factories, offices and remote job

sites. 7/8

*ace0 #thnicit!

Ie include this heading because we want to stress that there is no data to support any

claim that one race of people or any particular cultural group is more prone to drug abuse

than another. Drug abuse is a human problem and crosses all boundaries. Drug abuse causes

do not include race. 7/8

oneliness0 Depression

Ie want to feel good physically and emotionally. Sometimes drugs are the

substitution for a healthy life e


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2t is because of these changes in the brain that it is so challenging for a person who is

addicted to stop abusing drugs. ortunately, there are treatments that help people to

counteract addiction=s powerful disruptive effects and regain control. 7/8

;esearch shows that combining addiction treatment medications, if available, with

behavioral therapy is the best way to ensure success for most patients. Treatment approaches

that are tailored to each patient=s drug abuse patterns and any co-occurring medical,

psychiatric, and social problems can lead to sustained recovery and a life without drug abuse.

7"#8 The word addiction means getting habituated with something. 2n case of drugs when a

human body gets dependent on some stimulating things, and after a certain period it creates a

habit, which means that the body has become dependent on the stimulant, which is addiction.

7""8 Iorld ?ealth 4rgani:ation (I?4+ defines itE Drug is a chemical substance of synthetic,

semi synthetic or natural origin intended for diagnostic, therapeutic or palliative use or for

modifying physiological functions of man and animal. 7"#8

0ddiction is a comple< disorder characteri:ed by compulsive drug use. eople who

are addicted feel an overwhelming, uncontrollable need for drugs or alcohol, even in the face

of negative conse$uences. This self-destructive behavior can be hard to understand. The

answer lies in the brain. ;epeated drug use alters the brain causing long-lasting changes to

the way it looks and functions. These brain changes interfere with your ability to think

clearly, e


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1.12.1 he eurotransitter S!ste

To understand how alcohol use associated with alcohol dependence affects brain

function, it is important to understand how neurons communicate with each other through

electrical and chemical signals. Kerve signals are transmitted from one region of the brain to

another region of the brain or to the rest of the body through communication between two or

more neurons located ne


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0ctivation of the mesolimbic pathway increases the firing of dopamine neurons in the

ventral tegmental area (MT0+ of the midbrain and subse$uently increases dopamine release

into the nucleus accumbens and other areas of the limbic forebrain, such as the prefrontal

corte


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1.12." he 6PA Ais and Alcohol

0 person e


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2t is estimated that '#L3#* of the vulnerability to addiction is attributable to genetic

factors. 5enetic differences in the body=s hormonal responses to stress and alcohol ingestion

e


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dopamine increases in the brain mesolimbic area . Hannabinoids have also been reported to

inhibit e


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decrease compels those addicted to drugs to keep abusing drugs in order to attempt to bring

their dopamine function back to normal. 0nd, they may now re$uire larger amounts of the

drug than they first did to achieve the dopamine high an effect known as tolerance. 7#8

Gong-term abuse causes changes in other brain chemical systems and circuits as well.

5lutamate is a neurotransmitter that influences the reward circuit and the ability to learn.

Ihen the optimal concentration of glutamate is altered by drug abuse, the brain attempts to

compensate, which can impair cognitive function. Drugs of abuse facilitate nonconscious

(conditioned+ learning, which leads the user to e


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Addiction has soe stages

1.1".1 /nitial stage


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e


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can transmit infectious diseases, including ?2M (the virus that causes 02DS+ and hepatitis

types B and H. 7'8

any common household drugs and chemicals can be abused. 5asoline and other

hydrocarbons are fre$uently abused by adolescents and preadolescents. 4ver-the-counter

drugs, such as cold medications, are commonly taken in e


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Iithdrawal from other agents, such as narcotics, is uncomfortable but generally not

harmful and unpleasant effects can be lessened with prescription medications. These

prescriptions must be combined with a specific plan for stopping drug abuse. The use of the

prescription medication combined with continued drug abuse may cause life-threatening

complications.

eople who are acutely into


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1.22. Addicti%e beha%iors

0ny activity, substance, object, or behavior that has become the major focus of a

person=s life to the eher own brain

chemicals, thus leading to continuation of the behavior even though it may have negative

health or social conse$uences. 4thers feel that these are just bad habits. 7)8

ost physical addictions to substances such as alcohol, heroin, or barbiturates also have a

psychological component. or e


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. erson hides the behavior after family or close friends have mentioned their concern.

(?ides food under beds, alcohol bottles in closets, doesn=t show spouse credit card bills, etc+.

). any individuals with addictive behaviors report a blackout for the time they were

engaging in the behavior (don=t remember how much or what they bought, how much the lost

gambling, how many miles they ran on a sore foot, what they did at the party when drinking+

/. Depression is common in individuals with addictive behaviors. That is why it is

important to make an appointment with a physician to find out what is going on.

"#. 2ndividuals with addictive behaviors often have low self esteem, feel an


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others, knowing others are not to blame. The person starts to rituali:e his or her behavior. The

person starts to withdraw from others. Kot only will the person have a secret world to

withdraw to emotionally and mentally, but also a physical secret world in which he or she

lives out an addictive lifestyle. 7/8

2t is in this stage that food addicts may start hiding or starving themselves. 2t is in this

stage that se< addicts may start going to prostitutes or having multiple affairs. 2t is in this

stage that addictive gamblers may open secret bank accounts or get secret jobs. 2t is in this

stage that alcoholics may begin to have a couple of $uick shots and a few breath mints before

going home. 78

Fach of these e


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agrees, there is no conclusive cause or definite treatment method to which everyone agrees

for most of the addictive behaviors. This lack of agreement among e


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even some professionals in the field and some addicts themselves, view addiction as a result

of moral weakness. 7

?olding the view that addiction is a matter of moral infirmity causes problems, not

just for addicts, but for our society as a whole. eople typically come to inaccurate

conclusions like this one because they want a simple answer to a baffling phenomenon, and

they also want to protect themselves from the idea that this type of thing could happen to

them. Seeing addicts as @bad peopleA allows non-addicts to feel good about themselves. They

use this @splittingA of good versus bad to protect themselves from bad feelings. Ie do this all

the time with many different things, such as the good child versus the bad child, the good

political party versus the bad political party, etc. 7

The problem with this @splittingA is that it does not allow people to own certain parts

of themselves. They shut off aspects of their own beings by splitting them off from their self-concept and seeing them as something not @of them.A ?owever, the truth is that we all have

our struggles. Ie all have our @goodA and @badA parts, the different sides of our strengths, our

weaknesses and ourselves. 7

Seeing people who are struggling with addiction as morally weak seems to serve as a

natural defense for us. Ie do not want to identify with them so we say that they are weak,

and we are strong because we have resisted the temptations of alcohol and drugs. 0ddiction

to alcohol and drugs is a rampant problem in our society. or anyone who has ever watched

the show 2ntervention, it is easy to see that it doesnCt take long for an addiction to ruin a

personCs life and leave his or her relationships in shambles. The important lesson to learn

here, however, is that those with addictions do not need people to turn away from them,

writing them off as bad or weak people. 7/8

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Drug Abuse and Condition of Bangladesh