Drug Categories• Drug Categories:

- Stimulants: Speed body up, energy, wakefulness, decreased appetite

- Depressants: Slow body down, relaxed, drowsy

- Inhalants: Huffed/sniffed for immediate high

- Narcotics: Most are legal pain killers, very depressing

• effect on body and functions

- Anabolic Steroids: Synthetic testosterone, increase

• muscle strength/size

- Hallucinogens: Change the brain, see and hear things

• that are NOT there

Continued Drug Use Leads To…•Addiction:

- Dependence on a drug/medication- Intense craving - Interferes with life- Difficult to quit on own

•Addiction is characterized by…

•Tolerance & Withdrawal

- Needing more to get the same effects- Side effects when you don’t have a

drug

Intro to Substance Use & Abuse

• Desired effect: Intended effects = GOOD• • Undesired effect: Unintended effects = BAD

•Method of Delivery: The way a person uses a drug will change how that drug effects them

Methods:• Orally - Inhaled• Intravenous - Cooked and Ingested• Snorted - Smoked

• Every Drug/Med Can Be Toxic at a certain DOSE

• - Some require only SMALL doses to be FATAL!

Controlled Substances Act of 1970Regulating Drugs in the United States

• Schedule I: • - high potential for abuse - most dangerous marijuana, ecstasy • - no accepted medical use in US heroin, GHB, LSD•• Schedule II:- High potential for abuse- Has current accepted medical use in US with severe restrictions cocaine, morphine, ritalin- Abuse may lead to severe dependence codeine, oxycontin, adderall

dilaudid (pain killers)Schedule III:- Less abuse potential than schedules I and II anabolic steroids- Has accepted medical use in US testosterone, marinol- Abuse many lead to moderate dependence hydrocodone, vicodin

Schedule IV: - Low potential for abuse Valium, anti-depressants- Has accepted medical use in US Xanax, Klonipin, Ativan- Abuse may lead to limited dependence

Schedule V: - Very low potential for abuse - prescriptions not always required Robitussin (no DXM)- Has accepted medical use in US - DOES NOT mean non-lethal

CocaineDrug Category: StimulantSchedule II: Highly addictive, very abusedMedical Use: Used medically as a numbing agent for

surgeries

Effects: Short high(15-30 minutes)• increased heart rate/blood pressure• increased energy/very alert high/wakefulness

•---Leads to an Immediate CRASH

Concerns/Side Effects:Extreme Agitation/Suicide with Crash• Dangerous to heart---heart attacks/strokes• Weight LossFirst Use DeathExpensive and VERY physically addictive

Athletes and Cocaine?: Video

Methamphetamines• How Made: • Produced in labs, often in homes• Made of household chemicals and poisons

Problems & Effects:- Extremely addictive- Ingesting poisons: Toxic to ALL body parts- Dental problems (meth mouth) - Weight loss - Violent behavior/psychosis - AGES a personSerious withdrawals up to 7 days after last use (meth

bugs)

Legislation: Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005:

Limits access to ingredients needed to make Meth: Video

Amphetamines: Uppers or “Speed”•Drug Category: Stimulants

- Adderall - Ritalin - Dexodrine - Concerta

• Schedule II• Medical Uses: Narcolepsy ADHD

• Recreational OR Non-Medical Use:

• - Study aids/Stay awake - weight loss - performance enhancer

• Concerns/Issues:

• Heart attack, severe weight loss, sleeplessness, • depression, suicidal thoughts, addiction

• Serious Concern: Hallucinations/Delusions in non-medical users• http://www.today.com/video/today/50730110#50730110

Prescription PainkillersCategory: Narcotic/Schedule IIOxycontin, Hydrocodone, Percocet, Vicodin, DilaudidMedical Use: Pain Killers

• Controlled Release: Drugs have a coating on them and will slowly• be released into the system = pain relief for 12 hrs

• Recreational OR Non-Medical Use: - • Used to get high, users will crush/snort OR take large dose orally• Dangers/Concerns:- Respiratory depression - Drowsy/Confused - Vomiting/Nausea

- - Slurred Speech - Coma/Seizure/Death(more than C&H)

•Will cause SEVERE Addiction & Withdrawals••Issue in Maine? Courtney

Cough Syrup Abuse (with DXM)Hallucinogenic Drug when ABUSED

Laws: Some states limit access to age 18+, and/or limit quantities a person can purchase

Effects: Dizzy/Light Headed/Hallucinations

Concerns/Issues:

- Nauseous/Vomiting- Fatigue- Flashbacks- Insomnia- Permanent Damage to Thinking Skills - Permanent Liver & Brain Damage- Seizures- Death

Hallucinogenic/Designer DrugsSynthetic Marijuana

Also known as K2 or SpiceWhat is it?Designer drug marketed as herbal incenseSpray natural herbs with synthetic chemicals

Laws:Illegal as of July 2013 in MaineIllegal at Federal Level, but…

Concerns/Issues:NOT the same as marijuanaUnpredictable effectsMuch more intense/dangerous highLeading to:- Loss of consciousness/seizures- Paranoia & severe anxiety- Psychotic Episodes

Video Emily Bauer

Alcohol 101

• Depressant Drug

• Systematically impacts brain function (front---back)

Factors Impacting Alcohol Absorption

- Mood

- Food/Type of Liquids Consumed

- Gender

- Health Status: Concussion?

- Weight

- Speed of Drinking

- Amount of Alcohol Consumed

Differences?

Myths

Signs of Alcohol Poisoning

• Vomiting

• Inability to Walk

• Cannot be Woken

• Slow or sporadic breathing

• Bluish lips or skin

• Pale

• Seizures

• What would you want a friend to

• do if this happened to you??

History• 1919-1933: Alcohol Prohibition/Marijuana Menace• 1937: Marijuana Tax Act• 1944-60’s: Reports reveal change in effects• 1970: Controlled Substances Act• 1996: First Medical Approval• 1996-2014: More states legalize for medicinal purposes• 2005: Federal law trumps state law upheld• June 2011: Schedule I Debated/Decriminalization• Nov 2012: Colorado and Washington first to…video• Nov 2013: Portland, ME legalizes marijuana

Marijuana 101• Drug Effect:

• Comes From/Chemicals:

• Method of Use:

• Duration of Effects:

• Legal Status:

• Today vs. 20 years ago?

Marijuana 101• Common Effects from Smoking Marijuana:

- “high” feeling/relaxed/euphoric

- distorted perception (sights/sounds/time/touch)

- increased appetite, or "the munchies”

- rapid heart rate and breathing

• - red eyes

• - dry mouth

- slowed reaction time/decrease in coordination

- short-term memory loss

- paranoia

- “Acute panic anxiety reaction”

Marijuana 101• Impact on learning and memory?- Chronic use = -changes in problem solving/memory- difficulty recalling info and storing new info

•IQ declines?

Is it addictive?(what are the criteria for addiction?)

- 3x more likely to cause addiction in teens- - 1-6 teen users will become addicted• - 872,000 people reported treatment in 2011 (up142% since 1992)

• Withdrawal Symptoms: Notre Dame- Irritability - sleeplessness - aggression- Anxiety - depression - cravings•Onset 1-3 weeks after last use•ER visits?

Marijuana 101

• Mental Health Concerns:

• Students with pre-existing anxiety or depression WILL be much more likely to experience an attack when using

• Schizophrenia? Study

Marijuana 101• Effects on heart and cardiovascular system?

- Significant increase in heart rate

- 4-8x more likely to have a heart attack

• Effects on the lungs and respiratory system?

•-Some studies: 60% more cancer-causing than tobacco

•-Other studies: NO effect on lung tissue w/rare use

•Concern:•-Increased incidence of cough & infections•since no filter: irritating to airway/smoke is held in•article

Marijuana 101• Effects on the reproductive systems?

- Decreased sperm levels and function

- Testicular cancer: Article

- Lower sex drive

- Impotence

- Less likely to be able to become pregnant

- Effects on fetus

The Legalization Debate: video

Federal Law: Schedule I (Completely ILLEGAL)State Law: Legal in 20 States and D.C.Access: Dispensaries --- “Pot Shops”Home CultivationBuying from Dealer

Medical Marijuana

• 3 general benefits- Decrease nausea/vomiting- Decrease pain- Increase appetite

•All states laws are different

Uses:CancerAIDSGlaucomaMultiple SclerosisEating Disorders

http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=3290068n&tag=segementExtraScroller;housing

Marinol:Marijuana “pill”THC onlyLegal in ALL 50 StatesResearch indicates far fewer negative side effects, but patients indicate it is less effective