2
Drug Metabolism and Variability among Patients in Drug Response physicians prescribe drugs on the basis of the characteristics of the medications and on the probability that reliable and reproducible clinical effects will result. However, differences in drug response among patients are common, often leading to challenges in optimizing a dosage regimen for an individual patient. Most major drugs are effective in only 25 to 60 percent of patients, 1 and more than 2 million cases of adverse drug reactions occur annually in the United States, including 100,000 deaths. 2 Such variability in drug response among patients is multifactorial, including environmental, genetic, and disease determinants that affect the disposition (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) of a given drug. The interplay of these factors determines the profile of the plasma concentration over time for a drug and, therefore, its elicited pharmacologic effect at the site of interaction with targets (such as receptors and enzymes). dokter meresepkan obat-obatan berdasarkan karakteristik obat dan kemungkinan bahwa efek klinis yang handal dan diulang akan menghasilkan. Namun, perbedaan dalam respon obat antara pasien umum, sering mengarah ke tantangan dalam mengoptimalkan rejimen dosis untuk masing-masing pasien. Sebagian besar obat efektif dalam hanya 25 sampai 60 persen dari pasien, 1 dan lebih dari 2 juta kasus kejadian efek samping terjadi setiap tahun di Amerika Serikat, termasuk 100.000 kematian. 2 Seperti

Drug Metabolism and Variability

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Drug Metabolism and Variability

Drug Metabolism and Variabilityamong Patients in Drug Response

physicians prescribe drugs on the basis of the characteristicsof the medications and on the probability that reliable and reproducible clinicaleffects will result. However, differences in drug response among patients arecommon, often leading to challenges in optimizing a dosage regimen for an individualpatient. Most major drugs are effective in only 25 to 60 percent of patients,1and morethan 2 million cases of adverse drug reactions occur annually in the United States, including100,000 deaths.2Such variability in drug response among patients is multifactorial,including environmental, genetic, and disease determinants that affect the disposition(absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) of a given drug. Theinterplay of these factors determines the profile of the plasma concentration over timefor a drug and, therefore, its elicited pharmacologic effect at the site of interaction withtargets (such as receptors and enzymes).

dokter meresepkan obat-obatan berdasarkan karakteristik obat dan kemungkinan bahwa efek klinis yang handal dan diulang akan menghasilkan. Namun, perbedaan dalam respon obat antara pasien umum, sering mengarah ke tantangan dalam mengoptimalkan rejimen dosis untuk masing-masing pasien. Sebagian besar obat efektif dalam hanya 25 sampai 60 persen dari pasien, 1 dan lebih dari 2 juta kasus kejadian efek samping terjadi setiap tahun di Amerika Serikat, termasuk 100.000 kematian. 2 Seperti variabilitas dalam obat respon antara pasien multifaktorial, termasuk lingkungan, genetik, dan faktor penentu penyakit yang mempengaruhi disposisi (penyerapan, distribusi, metabolisme dan ekskresi) obat tertentu. Interaksi dari faktor-faktor ini menentukan profil Kadar plasma dari waktu ke waktu untuk obat dan, karenanya, efek farmakologis dibuat di situs interaksi dengan target (seperti reseptor dan enzim).