Drug Study OS

8/7/2019 Drug Study OS

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NAME OF DRUG ACTION INDICATION SIDE EFFECT NURSE

RESPONSIBILITES

CEFALAXIIN

Dosage : 500mg tab tid

Bactericidal: Inhibits

synthesis of bacterial cell

wall, causing cell death

Respiratory tract

infections caused by

Streptococcus

pneumoniae, group

A betahemolytic

streptococci

Skin and skin

structure infections

caused by

staphylococcus,

streptococcus

Otitis media caused

by S. Pneumoniae,

Haemophilius

influenzae,

streptococcus,

staphylococcus,

Moraxella

catarrbalis

Bone infections

cused bystaphylococcus,Prote

us mirabilis

GU infections

caused by

Escberichia coli, P.

Mirabilis, Klebsiella

Diarrhea (usually

mild), dizziness,headache,

indigestion, joint

pain, stomach pain

(usually mild) and

tiredness. The drug

can also cause

yellowing of the

eyes or skin; red,

blistered, swollen or

peeling skin;

unusual bruising or

bleeding; decreased

urination; severe

cramps and

confusion. An

allergic reaction to

this medicine is

unlikely.

allergic reaction

include rash, itching,

swelling, or trouble

breathing. Like other

antibiotics, cefalexin

can affect the

efficacy of birth

control pills; barrier

contraception usage

is advisable.

Arrange for culture

and sensitivity tests

of infection before

and during therapy if

infection does not

resolve.

Give drug with

meals; arrange for

small, frequent

meals if GI

complications occur

Refrigirate

suspension, discard

after 14 days


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FERROUS SULFATE

Dosage: 1 cap o.d

Elevates the serum iron

concentration, which then

helps to form Hgb or trapped

in the reticuloendothelial cells

for storage and eventual

conversion to a usable form

of iron

Prevention and

treatment of iron

deficiency anemias

Dietary supplement

for iron

Unlabeled use:

Supplemental use

during epoetin

therapy to ensure

proper hematologic

response to epoetin

Constipation;

darkened or green

stools; diarrhea;

nausea; stomach

upset

Severe allergic

reactions (rash;

hives; itching;

difficulty breathing;

tightness in the

chest; swelling of

the mouth, face, lips,

or tongue); black,

tarry stools; blood or

streaks of blood inthe stool; fever;

vomiting with

continuing sharp

stomach pain

Confirm that patient

does have iron

deficiency anemia

before treatment

Give drug with

meals (avoiding

milk, eggs, coffee,

and tea) if GI

discomfort is severe;

slowly increase to

build up tolerance

Administer liquid

preparations in water

or juice to mask thetaste and prevent

staining of teeth;

have th patient drink

solution with a straw

Warn patient that

stool may be dark or

green

Arrange for periodic

monitoring of Hctand Hgb levels

MEFENAMIC ACID

Dosage: 500mg tab q6h

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic,

and antipyretic activities

related to inhibition of

prostaglandin syntheses;

exact mechanisms of action

are not known.

Relief of moderate

pain when therapy

will not exceed 1

week

Treatment of

primary

chest pain,

weakness, shortness

of breath, slurred

speech, problems

with vision or

balance

Be aware that patient

may be at increased

risk for CV events,

GI bleeding; monitor

accordingly.

Give with milk or


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dysmenorrhea black, bloody, or

tarry stools,

coughing up blood

or vomit that looks

like coffee grounds urinating less than

usual or not at all

pain, burning, or

bleeding when you

urinate

nausea, stomach

pain, low fever, loss

of appetite, dark

urine, clay-colored

stools, jaundice

(yellowing of the

skin or eyes);

fever, sore throat,

and headache with a

severe blistering,

peeling, and red skin

rash

bruising, severe

tingling, numbness,

pain, muscle

weakness.

food to decrease GI

upset

Arrange for periodic

ophthalmologic

examinations during

long-term therapy.

If overdose occurs;

institute emergency

procedures

supportive therapy

and induced emesis,

activated charcoal,

and/or and osmotic

cathartic

METROPOLOL

Dosage: 50mg tab bid

Competitively blocks beta-

adrenergic receptors in the

heart and juxtaglomerular

apparatus, decreasing the

influence of the sympathetic

Hypertension, alone

or with other drugs,

especially diuretics

Immediate-release

Constipation, cough;

diarrhea; dizziness;

drowsiness; dry

mouth or eyes,

headache;

Do not discontinue

drug abruptly after

long-term therapy

(hypersensitivity to

catecholamines may


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nervvous system on these

tissues and the excitability of

the heart, decreasing cardiac

output and the release of

renin, and lowering BP; acts

in the CNS to reduce

sympathetic outflow and

vasoconstrictor tone

tablets and injection:

Prevention of

reinfarction in MI

patients who are

hemodynamically

stable or within 3-10

days of the acute MI

Long-term treatment

of angina pectoris

Toprol-XL only:

Treatment of stable,

sympatomatic heart

failure of ischemic,

hypertensive, or

cardiomyopathic

orgin

lightheadedness;

mild fatigue; mild

flu symptoms (eg,

chills, fever, sore

throat); nausea;

tiredness; vomiting.

Severe allergic

reactions (rash;

hives; itching;

difficulty breathing;

tightness in the

chest; swelling of

the mouth, face, lips,

or tongue; unusual

hoarseness); chestpain; chills, fever, or

sore throat; cold

hands and feet;

fainting; fast, slow,

or irregular

heartbeat;

hallucinations; mood

or mental changes

(eg, confusion,

depression, foggy

thinking, short-term

memory loss);

muscle pain or

weakness; red,

swollen, blistered, or

peeling skin; severe

dizziness or

lightheadedness;

shortness of breath;

have developed,

causing exacerbation

of angina, MI, and

ventricular

arrhytmias). Taper

drug gradually over

2wk with monitoring

Ensure that patient

swallows the ER

tablets whoe; do not

sut, crush, or chew.

Toprol XL tables

may be divided at

the score; divided

tablets should beswallowed whole,

not crushed or

chewed

Consult physician

about withdrawing

drug if patient is to

undergo surgery

(controversial)

Give oral drug withfood to facilitate

absorption

Provide continual

cardiac monitoring

for patients receiving

IV metoprol.


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swelling of the

ankles or feet;

unusual bruising or

bleeding; unusual

thirst or fatigue;

vision changes;

wheezing; yellowing

of the skin or eyes.

CLONIDINE

Dosage: 75mcg 1 tab s/l

BP +160/100

Stimulates CNS alpha 2-

adrenergic receptors, inhibits

sympathetic cardioaccelerator

and vasoconstrictor centers,

and decreases sympathetic

outflow from the CNS.

Hypertension, used

alone or as part of

combination therapy

Treatment of severe

pain in cancer

patients in

combination with

opiates; epidural

more effective with

neuropathic pain

(Duraclon)

Unlabeled

uses:Tourette

syndrome; migraine,

decreases severity

and frequency;menopausal

flushing, decreases

severity and

frequency of

episodes; chronic

mehadone

detoxification; rapid

opiate detoxification

Chest pain;

confusion;

constipation;

drowsiness; dry

mouth; flushing;

general weakness;

headache; nausea;ringing in the ears;

sweating; tiredness;

vomiting.

Severe allergic

reactions (rash;

hives; difficulty

breathing; tightness

in the chest; swelling

of the mouth, face,

lips, or tongue);chest pain;

decreased heartbeat;

dizziness; fainting;

fever; hallucinations;

lightheadedness;

painful burning on

urination.

Do not discontinue

use abruptly;

discontinue therapy

by reducing the

dosage gradually

over 2-4 days to

avoid reboundhypertension,

tachycardia,

flushing, nausea,

vomitting, cardiac

arrhythmias

(hypertensive

encephalopathy and

death have occurred

after abrupt

cessation of

clonidine)

Don not discontinue

transdermal therapy

prior to surgery;

monitor BP-

controlling drugs

readily available


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(in doses up to 17

mcg/kg/day);

alcohol and

bensodiazepine

withdrawal

treatments;

management of

hypertensive

urgencies (oral

clonidine loading

is used; initial dose

of 0.2mg then 0.1

mg every hour until

a dose of 0.7mg is

reached or until BP

is controlled); atrialfibrillation; attention

deficit hyperactivity

disorder; post-

herpetic neuralgia,

smoking cessation

(transdermal)

Continue oral

clonidine therapy to

within 4hr of surgery

then resume as soon

as possible thereafter

Epidural route is not

recommended for

obstetric,

postpartum, or

perioperative pain

because of the ris of

hemodynamic

instability.

Store epiduralinjection at room

temperature; discard

any unused portions

Reevaluate therapy

if clonidine tolerance

occurs; giving

concomitant diuretic

increases the

antihypertenseve

efficacy of clonidine

Monitor BP

carefully when

discontinuing

clonidine;

hypertension usually

returns within 48hrs

Remove transermal


7/9

patch before

defibrillation to

prevent arcing

Assess compliance

with drug regimen in

a supportive manner

with pill counts, or

other methods

AMBROXOL

Dosage: 30mg tab tid

increases the body's

production of surfactant, a

substance that promotes the

clearance mechanism for

germs or other pathogens,

which helps to overcome

infection in the bronchi.

Adjuvant therapy in

patients with

abnormal, viscid, or

inspissated mucous

secretion in acute or

chronic in

brocopulmonary

diseases, and in

pulmonary

complications of

cystic fibrosis, and

surgery,

tracheostamy, and

atelectasis. Also

used in diagnostic

bronchial studies

and as an antidotefor acute

acetominophen

poisening

gastrointestinal,

including diarrhea,

heartburn,

indigestion, and

occasionally nausea

and vomiting

Intravenous

ambroxol has been

associated with

chills, intense

headaches, shortness

of breath and

weakness.

Allergic reactions to

ambroxol haveoccurred rarely and

mainly involve skin

rashes, hives and

dermatitis, as well as

possible swelling.

This medication is

administered orally,

either in liquid or

tablet form. The

patient should be

instructed to

swallow the tabletwhole and not chew

to prevent choking

or reduced

effectiveness.

Coughing

Ambroxol may

cause coughing.

Encourage the

patient to spit into a

tissue rather than

swallow the sputum.

Take note of thecolor and

consistency and

report any changes

to the physician.

Monitoring Lungs

Prior to

administering and

immediately after,

listen to the patient's

lung sounds and note


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any abnormalities.

Regularly assess

these sounds to

ensure the

medication is

working properly.Suctioning

Suctioning

equipment to clear

the airways of excess

mucus should be

kept nearby. This is

especially important

in patients who

cannot clear their

own airways, such as

unconscious patients

or those withtracheotomies.

Education

Instruct the patient

or caretakers to

report any

difficulties with

breathing or clearing

the airways. Educate

them on how to use

any special

equipment, includingsuctioning devices

ISOXILAN

Dosage: 10mg tab tid

Chemically similar to

sympathomimetic amines and

often described as beta

adregenic agonist. However

the drug appears to be

muscolotropic vasodilator

and its effect are not blocked

Uterine

hypermotility

disorders:

Threatened

abortion,

premature labor &

Transient Flushing

Hypotension

Rashes

GI disturbances


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by propanololdysmenorrhea.

An adjunct

therapy in the

treatment of

arteriosclerosisobliterans,

thromboangitis

obliterans

(Buerger's

disease) &

Raynaud's

disease.

Maternal Pulmonary

edema

Fetal Tachycardia

Transient palpations

Dizziness

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