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DrugsDrugs
Mr. RudolphMr. Rudolph
Psych IPsych I
Psychoactive Drugs and ConsciousnessPsychoactive Drugs and Consciousness3 categories3 categories– Depressants (downers)Depressants (downers)
Calm neural activityCalm neural activity
Slow bodily functionsSlow bodily functions
Alcohol, barbiturates, opiatesAlcohol, barbiturates, opiates
– Stimulants (uppers)Stimulants (uppers)Temporarily excite neural activityTemporarily excite neural activity
Arouse bodily functionsArouse bodily functions
Nicotine, caffeine, amphetamines, cocaineNicotine, caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine
– HallucinogensHallucinogensDistort perceptionsDistort perceptions
Evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory inputEvoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
Marijuana, PCP, LSDMarijuana, PCP, LSD
DepressantsDepressants
AlcoholAlcoholPhysiological effectsPhysiological effects– Slows brain activity that controls judgment and inhibitionsSlows brain activity that controls judgment and inhibitions– Slow sympathetic NSSlow sympathetic NS– Slower reactionsSlower reactions– Slurred speechSlurred speech– Deteriorated skilled performanceDeteriorated skilled performance
Beh. effectsBeh. effects– AggressivenessAggressiveness– More helpful when askedMore helpful when asked– ExpectationsExpectations
Memory affectedMemory affected– Disrupts processingDisrupts processing– BlackoutsBlackouts
Reduces self-awarenessReduces self-awarenessFocus on immediate situationFocus on immediate situation
Barbiturates (Tranquilizers)Barbiturates (Tranquilizers)
Numbutal, Seconal, Amytal, Luminal, Numbutal, Seconal, Amytal, Luminal, Sodium PenotholSodium Penothol– reds, blues, Amy’s, yellow jacketsreds, blues, Amy’s, yellow jackets
Depress Sympathetic NS activityDepress Sympathetic NS activity– Large doses:Large doses:
Impair memory/judgmentImpair memory/judgment
Lethal w/ alcoholLethal w/ alcohol
Often used by those attempting suicideOften used by those attempting suicide
OpiatesOpiates
Heroin, Opium, MorphineHeroin, Opium, MorphinePhysiological effectsPhysiological effects– Depress neural functioningDepress neural functioning
effectseffects– Bliss (pleasure)Bliss (pleasure)– Gnawing craving for stronger dosesGnawing craving for stronger doses– Can eventually lead to overdoseCan eventually lead to overdose
AddictionAddiction– When flooded w/ artificial opiates, brain stops When flooded w/ artificial opiates, brain stops
producing endorphinsproducing endorphins– When addict stops using, the person goes through When addict stops using, the person goes through
painful withdrawalpainful withdrawal
StimulantsStimulants
What do stimulants do?What do stimulants do?
Speed up bodily functionsSpeed up bodily functions– Increase heart and breathing ratesIncrease heart and breathing rates
Why are they used?Why are they used?– Stay awakeStay awake– Lose weightLose weight– Boost moodBoost mood– Increased athletic performanceIncreased athletic performance
The “crash”The “crash”– Body slows downBody slows down
NicotineNicotine
QuittingQuitting– 8% who try succeed (per year)8% who try succeed (per year)– With withdrawal comes cravings, hunger, and With withdrawal comes cravings, hunger, and
irritabilityirritability
Physiological effectsPhysiological effects– Release epinephrine and norepinephrineRelease epinephrine and norepinephrine– Central NS releases neurotransmittersCentral NS releases neurotransmitters
Calm anxietyCalm anxiety
Reduce pain sensitivityReduce pain sensitivity
Amphetamines & MethamphetaminesAmphetamines & Methamphetamines
Amphetamines—usually pillsAmphetamines—usually pills
Methamphetamines—smoked, snortedMethamphetamines—smoked, snorted– Produce instant highProduce instant high– Speed, crank, crystal methSpeed, crank, crystal meth
effectseffects– Initial euphoriaInitial euphoria
Periods of restlessness and repetitive beh.’sPeriods of restlessness and repetitive beh.’s
– Eventually leads to depression, insomnia, and Eventually leads to depression, insomnia, and addictionaddiction
EcstasyEcstasy
X, XTC, E, Adam, Doves, ThizzX, XTC, E, Adam, Doves, ThizzWhy is it used?Why is it used?– Lowers inhibitionsLowers inhibitions– RelaxationRelaxation
How does it workHow does it work– Blocks reuptakeBlocks reuptake
What does it do?What does it do?– Increased awareness and energyIncreased awareness and energy– lowers their inhibitions and relaxes themlowers their inhibitions and relaxes them– headaches, chills, eye twitching, jaw clenching, headaches, chills, eye twitching, jaw clenching,
blurred vision and nauseablurred vision and nausea– dehydration, hyperthermia and seizures dehydration, hyperthermia and seizures
CocaineCocaineHow is it made?How is it made?– CocaineCocaine– CrackCrack
How does it work?How does it work?– Blocks reuptakeBlocks reuptake
What does it do?What does it do?– Short termShort term
Bursts of energy, arousal, and alertnessBursts of energy, arousal, and alertnessTend to believe they are thinking more clearly and performing better Tend to believe they are thinking more clearly and performing better (overestimated)(overestimated)Heavy doses—hallucinations and crawling bugsHeavy doses—hallucinations and crawling bugs
– Long termLong termEmotional disturbanceEmotional disturbanceimpotenceimpotenceSuspiciousness and paranoiaSuspiciousness and paranoiaCardiac arrestCardiac arrest
– Local anestheticLocal anesthetic
HallucinogensHallucinogens
What are hallucinogens?What are hallucinogens?
Psychoactive drugsPsychoactive drugs– Distort perceptionsDistort perceptions– Evoke vivid imagesEvoke vivid images
Natural and syntheticNatural and synthetic
LSD (Acid)LSD (Acid)
Chemically similar to serotoninChemically similar to serotoninTypical experienceTypical experience– Simple geometric forms (lattice, cobweb, spiral)Simple geometric forms (lattice, cobweb, spiral)– More meaningful imagesMore meaningful images
TunnelTunnelPast emotional experiencesPast emotional experiences
– People frequently feel separated from their bodiesPeople frequently feel separated from their bodies– Experience realistic dreamlike scenesExperience realistic dreamlike scenes
Often become panic-stricken or harm themselvesOften become panic-stricken or harm themselves
– Similar to near-death experiencesSimilar to near-death experiencesTunnel visionTunnel vision
– Acid “flashbacks”Acid “flashbacks”
PCP (Angel Dust)PCP (Angel Dust)How is it used?How is it used?– Eaten, snorted, injected, or smokedEaten, snorted, injected, or smoked– Effects felt for 11-51 hoursEffects felt for 11-51 hours
Physiological effectsPhysiological effects– Prevents reuptake of neurotransmittersPrevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
effectseffects– Users appear to be "disconnected" from their environmentUsers appear to be "disconnected" from their environment– Effects are different from LSDEffects are different from LSD
Causes changes in body imageCauses changes in body imageFeelings of terror and confusion Feelings of terror and confusion
– Low doseLow doseEuphoria, numbness, anxiety, confusionEuphoria, numbness, anxiety, confusion
– Medium doseMedium doseConfusion, agitation, excessive salivation, "schizophrenic-type" Confusion, agitation, excessive salivation, "schizophrenic-type" behavior behavior
– High doseHigh doseSeizures, respiratory failure, coma, stroke, DEATH Seizures, respiratory failure, coma, stroke, DEATH
MarijuanaMarijuana
Made from cannabis plantMade from cannabis plant– THCTHC
Absorbed by lungsAbsorbed by lungs
Short term effectsShort term effects– Mild euphoria to hallucinations and delusionsMild euphoria to hallucinations and delusions– Impaired motor coordination and reaction timeImpaired motor coordination and reaction time– Disrupted memory formationDisrupted memory formation
Long term effectsLong term effects– QuestionableQuestionable– More respiratory problems than tobacco usersMore respiratory problems than tobacco users– High dosesHigh doses
Delusions, paranoia, and terrorDelusions, paranoia, and terror
Marijuana Marijuana ISIS addictive addictive