Dry Grain Pulses CRSP Proposal COVER PAGE (must print 011 one page)

Title of Proposal:

Using lmproved Pulse Crop Productivity to Reinvigorate Smallholder Mixed Farming Systems in Western Kenya

Name(s), institutional affiliation and contact information of Lead U.S. Principal Investigator(s) submitting this proposal:

I Julie G. Lauren, Cornell University; email: jg15@corneIi.edu; phone: 607-255-1727

Name(s) and institutional affiliation of all Host Country (HC) and U.S. Co-PIS

Cornell Univ Co-PIS: Beth Medvecky, Alice Pell, John Duxbury, Peter Hobbs, Rebecca Stoltzfus, Christopher Barrett

Kenyan Co-PIS: John 0. Ojiem (Kenya Agric. Res. Institute); Martins Odendo (Kenya Agric. Res. Institute), Samuel M. Mwonga (Egerton Univ.), John R. Okalebo (Moi Univ.); John H. Nderitu (Univ. Nairobi); James W. Muthomi (Univ. Nairobi)

IARC Co-PI: Robin A. Bnrnchara (CIAT)

Proposed Project Period: (30 months maxzmum, between April 1,2008 -September 30,2010)

April 1,2008-September 30,2010

1 (YesINo) Kenya 1 Kenya Agric. Res. Institute 1 $ 177,782.67 ( No

Authorized lead U.S. institutional representative (type name, phone number and e-mai1):Linda L. Brainard, Senior Grant & Contract Officer; phone: 607-255-7123; email: Imsl6(iicor~ell.edu , .

Total federal funds requested $422,304.97

Proposed HCs where project activities will be imolemented:

Total non-federal cost share commitment by U.S. institution(s) $61,798

Proposed budget for a sub-contract to a HC institution

Proposed HC institutions to be sub- contracted (abbreviated name):

Are you requesting the ME (h'ISU) to manage the Fixed-Price sub- contract for this HC Institution?

Dry Grain Pulses CRSP Proposal SUMMARY PAGE (must print on one page)

Title of Proposal: Using Improved Pulse Crop Productivity to Reinvigorate Smallholder Mixed Farming Systems in Western Kenya Name and Institutional Affiliation of the U.S. Principal Investigator: Julie G. Lauren, Cornell University Abstract (Limit: 1800 characters including spaces—about 200-250 words): A collaborative research and development program is proposed based on the premise that vigorous establishment of pulse crops increases pest/disease resistance, drought tolerance, N fixation and nutrient accumulation. Promoting early plant vigor and growth encourages bigger and deeper root systems that are more effective at acquiring water/nutrients and tolerate more damage from soil-borne pathogens and pests. The proposed work will be conducted by scientists from Cornell University, KARI, CIAT and three Kenyan Universities (Egerton, Moi, Nairobi). Our goal is to use improved pulse productivity to reinvigorate smallholder mixed farming systems in Western Kenya to reduce poverty and enhance household food security and nutrition. We emphasize improving the food and income-generating opportunities of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and the indigenous, soil-improving pulses, lablab (L. purpureus) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The work has both research and development components, both of which use participatory approaches to facilitate farmers’ assessment and adaptation of a suite of practices that promote early plant vigor and growth. Engaging farmers to explicitly test strategies for overcoming the abiotic and biotic constraints inhibiting pulse productivity builds farmers’ capacity to adapt to dynamically changing conditions. It also facilitates community-wide dissemination of information about those strategies that have dramatic positive effects on system productivity. The research component aims to deepen scientific understanding of soil biotic and abiotic factor interactions across a soil degradation gradient, while providing research opportunities for national agricultural scientists and host country postgraduate students.

Pulse Crop of Focus (select at least one between beans and cowpeas) Beans Cowpeas Other (specify): Lablab purpureus

Topical Areas to be Addressed By this Project Select one or more under Global Themes A-C: A. To reduce bean and cowpea production costs and risks for enhanced profitability and competitiveness.

1. Genetic Improvement 4. Grain Quality 2. Integrated Crop Management 5. Sustainable Seed Systems 3. Mitigating Effects of Low Soil Fertility/Drought

B. To increase the utilization of bean and cowpea grain, food products and ingredients so as to expand market opportunities and improve community health and nutrition.

1. Health and Nutritional Attributes 3. Influencing Decision Makers 2. Consumer Attitudes and Preferences 4. Urban Consumer Access to Value-added Pulse Foods

C. To improve the performance and sustainability of bean and cowpea value-chains, especially for the benefit of women. 1. Understanding constraints to smallholder pulse farmer participation in markets and trade 2. Identifying "weak links"/constraints in the functionality of dry grain pulse value-chains 3. Identifying strategic public sector interventions to alleviate constraints or market failures.

Select at least one from Global Theme D; If none selected from A-C, then select at least two: D. To increase the capacity, effectiveness and sustainability of agriculture research institutions

1. Building and promoting partnerships with key stakeholders 2. Strengthening regional dry grain pulse commodity research networks 3. Training young scientists in the use of modern tools for research, management and outreach

Summary Checklist (select as many as appropriate) Project addresses IEHA objectives (give anticipated level of effort as % of total budget requested):53.90 %

Project devotes at least 30% of project funds on HC capacity building activities (Global Theme D) (give total % budgeted):46.10%

Project involves research on biotechnology as defined in the RFP (give % effort on biotechnology) % Project involves the use or generation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) Project involves human subject approval Project involves animal use approval Project involves M.S. or Ph.D. degree training of HC personnel (how many?) 3

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Table of Contents Technical Application Page

I. Technical Approach 1

A. Problem Statement and Justification 1

B. Objectives 3

C. Approaches and Methods 3

D. Collaboration with Host Country Institutions 8

E. Benchmarks 8

II. Host Country Institutional Capacity Building 9

III. Contribution to USAID Objectives and Initiatives 11

IV. Achieving Development Impacts 13

V. Annexes 14 Cost Application

1. Budget Summary B-1

2. Budget Tables: Period 1 B-2

Period 2 B-3

Period 3 B-4

3. Budget Narrative B-5

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I. Technical Approach This project will address three of the four global themes identified as focal areas for the Dry Grain Pulses CRSP. Within the ‘Production cost and risk theme’, the focus will be on integrated crop management strategies and mitigating effects of low soil fertility and drought. Under the ‘Increasing utilization theme’, our emphasis fits within the health and nutritional attributes focal area. Finally, by focusing our efforts on building and promoting partnerships with farmers and training young scientists, we address the ‘Capacity building and sustainability of agriculture research institutions theme’. A. Problem Statement and Justification The common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, represents a significant source of protein, calories, micronutrients and income for smallholder farmers in the East African highlands of Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Indeed, approximately 38% of the dry beans produced in Africa come from these mid-high altitude areas (Wortmann et al., 1998), which are home to more than 50% of the region’s population and have the highest rural population densities on the continent (> 500/km2; Place, 2000). Poverty rates in the highlands exceed 44% (FAOSTAT, 2006).

Many rural households in the East African highlands are no longer self-sufficient in beans (David et al., 2000). Farmers’ inability to afford fertilizer inputs, coupled with continuous cropping on ever shrinking land holdings, has led to degraded and infertile soils and a concomitant decline in crop vigor, pest and disease tolerance and overall system productivity. Maize/bean cropping systems in the highlands of Western Kenya exemplify these interrelationships quite clearly. The area has the highest population density, and among the highest poverty and food insecurity rates in the region (> 1100 persons/ km2, > 53 % of the population falling below the Kenyan poverty line of $0.55 /day, 89.5% food insecure; Marenya and Barrett, 2007a; Place et al., 2005, Pell et al., 2004). Average farm size is 0.6 ha with 7 people per household (Marenya and Barrett, 2007b). Farmers’ financial resources limit average annual chemical fertilizer use to 8.8 kg /ha per year (Pell et al., 2004) and average intercrop maize and bean yields are 0.6 t/ha for maize and < 0.2 t/ha for beans (Brown and Barrett, 2005). Such yields are insufficient to feed, let alone generate income, for the area’s inhabitants, resulting in farmers being caught in a “poverty trap” (Barrett, 2008).

Soil constraints-Low bean and maize productivity in Western Kenya is related to both soil chemical and biological constraints. Foremost among the chemical constraints are low levels of N and P and, on the most degraded soils, pH-related toxicities and deficiencies. Much attention has been focused on N and P management, although other nutrients, such as potassium (Kanyanjua et al., 2006), calcium, magnesium and molybdenum may also limit both legume and maize production (Fox et al., 1985). Although legumes clearly are important in rebuilding soil N fertility (Ojiem et al., 2007), farmers’ low P fertilizer inputs are rapidly rendered ineffective on these P-fixing soils which, when combined with other pH-related effects, reduces legume productivity, N-fixation and pest and disease tolerance. To date, most researchers have focused on “low cost” green manure legumes (Gachene et al., 1999) or leguminous fallow shrubs (Niang et al., 2002), but adoption has been poor because these crops do not address farmers more immediate concerns of food and income generation and they require considerable amounts of labor. Moreover, they typically require taking land out of food production or, if planted as an intercrop, reduce food crop yields. Under such circumstances, dry grain pulses

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that significantly improve soil N fertility while addressing households’ immediate food and income needs are more apt to be adopted by farmers (Ojiem et al., 2007; Snapp and Silim, 2002). Unfortunately, the relatively poor N-fixation ability and high N-harvest index of the common bean, leave little N to improve soil fertility (Geller and Cadisch, 1995). Two pulses that are native to Africa have potential to increase N fertility and food production. Lablab purpureus produced relatively high grain yields (0.77-1.1 t/ha yields) on smallholder farms in Western Kenya, while significantly improving soil N fertility (net soil input 42-131 kg N/ha) (Ojiem et al., 2007). In a long-term experiment, a sequential maize/cowpea system produced 0.9 t/ha cowpea grain per season and had 17% higher maize yields and higher overall profitability compared to continuous maize cropping (Rao and Mathuva, 2000).

Diseases and pests-Additional production constraints and risks for beans in Western Kenya are presented by diseases and pests. Angular leaf spot and anthracnose are major bean foliar diseases, and root rots (Pythium spp., Fusarium spp.), bean stem maggot (Ophiomyia spp.), nematodes and root-feeding insects are particularly serious problems in intensively cultivated, degraded soils (Hillocks et al., 2006; Kimenju et al., 1999; Rusuku et al., 1997; Wortmann et al., 1998; Medvecky et al., 2006, 2007). Bean root rot can become so severe that the amount of seed harvested becomes less than the amount planted, causing farmers to abandon bean cropping altogether (Otsuyla et al., 1997). Incidence and severity of soilborne pest and disease problems are influenced by complex interactions between soil abiotic and biotic factors (Medvecky et al., 2007), but these interrelationships are still poorly understood and require a more systematic and comprehensive approach to unravel.

Nutritional contributions-Consumption of pulses is essential for addressing iron deficiency, anemia and stunting caused by inadequate intakes of zinc (Bouis, 2002). Anemia in Kenyan children and pre-menopausal women is high at 60% and 43%, respectively (Micronutrient Initiative, 2004). Likewise 30% of children in Kenya are stunted in growth (Hotz and Brown, 2004) due to insufficient protein, calorie and zinc intakes. Knowledge about the mineral nutrient content of staple food products, including iron and zinc, is needed to inform selection of appropriate cultivars that will benefit consumer’s health and to assist policy makers in meeting desired national health outcomes. Recent national or regional level food composition data are often unavailable forcing researchers and policy makers to rely on international databases that do not adequately represent local environmental conditions, varieties, etc (Baingana, 2004). For example, grain nutrient content is likely to be influenced by the degree of soil degradation. Mineral nutrient contents of major foods grown under a representative range of smallholder farmer conditions are needed to develop local food composition tables and to determine food system nutrient outputs.

Capacity building needs-Determining how to effectively increase productivity of seriously degraded soils and to maintain the fertility of still productive lands is of paramount importance to all farmers living in the East African highlands. To achieve this outcome, farmers and scientists need to form genuine partnerships, combining farmers’ highly sophisticated and nuanced understanding of local conditions with scientists’ insight into underlying processes and the powerful problem-solving ability of their scientific methods. The development of inappropriate technologies has often been cited as a major stumbling block to farmer adoption. Providing opportunities for current and future scientific leaders to gain experience and expertise with participatory research and development approaches needs to be an essential part of the education process. These experiences will help students understand that adoptable and

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sustainable technologies are those that reduce risk and effectively address farmer constraints and resource levels (Snapp et al., 2003). However insufficient government/institutional funding often limits the abilities of national agricultural scientists or non-governmental organization (NGO) officers to pursue advanced degrees and to develop the necessary participatory research skills. B. Objectives The project will have two main thrusts: a development component that addresses objectives 1 and 2 and a research component that covers objectives 3 and 4.

1. To assess strategies for improving vigor and growth of pulse crops on nutrient accumulation, pest/disease resistance and system productivity across a soil degradation gradient;

2. To disseminate and evaluate through participatory approaches simple, low cost strategies for vigorous establishment and growth of pulse crops leading to increased system productivity and sustainability;

3. To facilitate and support on-farm research opportunities for host country postgraduate university students and national agricultural scientists; and

4. To research factors (nutrients, pests/diseases and their interactions) affecting pulse productivity across a soil degradation gradient. C. Approaches and Methods Vigor-enhancing practices to enhance pulse productivity - The following describe the core strategies for improving pulse productivity on smallholder farms in Western Kenya:

Root rot-tolerant varieties - Root rot tolerant bean varieties adapted to Western Kenya have been identified and disseminated to a limited number of households in Western Kenya (Otsyula and Buruchara, 2001). Farmers planting these varieties have increased bean yields substantially (0.8 to 1.4 t/ha), resulting in improved bean self-sufficiency and increased household income and savings (Odendo et al., 2001). CIAT recently incorporated root rot tolerance into new bean cultivars that have greater market appeal than the original varieties. These new varieties’ performance and other qualities will be evaluated by project farmers across the degradation sequence.

Seed priming - This technique involves soaking seed in water for 6-12 hours and surface drying before sowing. Seed priming promotes rapid germination and emergence, improves seedling vigor and crop nutrition leading to increased crop yields for cereal crops and grain legumes (Harris, 2006). Improved resistance to soilborne pathogens has also been documented with primed crops (Musa et al., 2001; Harris et al., 2005). Strategic additions of nutrients to the soaking solution, also have been utilized to address specific soil nutrient constraints, such as alleviating Mo deficiency to enhance N fixation in acid soils (Johansen et al., 2005) and increasing maize seedling growth in P deficient soils (Harris, 2006).

Boma composting - Boma composting is a simple crop residue and manure management strategy to help farmers increase the quantity and quality of organic fertilizer they are able to produce. It involves using rejected animal forage/ crop residues as bedding materials in covered areas where the livestock are confined. The used bedding material, impregnated with

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cattle feces and urine, is composted prior to application. Virtually all smallholder farmers have livestock, and farmyard manure is the most frequently used soil amendment in Western Kenya (Pell et al., 2004). Calculations based on waste derived from livestock at densities found in the Central Kenya Highlands, suggest that small farms (mean 0.45 ha) can potentially produce boma compost equivalent to 112 kg N/ha for the whole farm area, if optimum collection and composting strategies are followed (Leskasi et al., 2001).

Combining/concentrating organic & inorganic fertilizers - Available organic materials (manures, crop residues) can reduce P sorption in soils and increase P availability to plants (Palm et al., 1997). Combining organic materials with P fertilizers can increase P availability and crop yields in low input systems (Opala et al., 2007). Although rock phosphate has been recommended as an effective, local and inexpensive P fertilizer option for smallholder farmers in Western Kenya (Sanchez and Jama, 2002; Ndung’u et al., 2006), few farmers have tested its efficacy on their farms. Through this project, farmers will have the opportunity to experiment with various forms of P fertilizers in combination with organic fertilizers and compare their results with those of their neighbors. Likewise, farmers will be encouraged to utilize conservation agriculture principals to concentrate nutrients in bands or hills near plant roots to improve plant uptake and nutrient use efficiency. Minimizing tillage in these planting rows from season to season can accelerate localized restoration of soil fertility over time.

Multipurpose pulse crops for rebuilding soil fertility - Lablab (Lablab purpureus) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) are multipurpose legumes which can be grown to supply pulse, vegetable and fodder needs. Their drought tolerance helps them to cope with erratic rainfall conditions and to survive a 3-4 month dry season by growing on residual soil moisture. Cowpea is valued as a pulse and vegetable crop. Lablab can satisfy farmers’ needs for a grain product, while significantly improving soil N fertility. Palatability has been raised as a potential problem: black seeded-types are bitter and unpalatable to most consumers. However, the brown and cream colored grain types, including the locally available cultivar, Rongai, have reduced phenolics in the testa, which improves taste and cooking quality (Maas, 2006). Farmers in neighboring Trans Nzoia district with a similar ethnic background as our target group now grow Rongai lablab and find it highly suitable for eating.

Other practices from past and current CRSP teams - Knowledge generated by other CRSP teams is a valuable resource, and interactions between this project team and other DGPCRSP groups are essential for success. Additional integrated crop management practices identified through these interactions will be incorporated as appropriate for addressing the particular needs of the target group or improving the effectiveness of our project. Use of nutrient efficient germplasm, rhizobium, mycorrhizal associations, etc. may add value to our project outputs. Likewise our project will be available to provide technical assistance on soil and integrated crop management issues that arise in other DGPCRSP groups. Site Selection and Target Group -Although we expect to generate results that will help identify vigor-enhancing practices to increase pulse productivity in the East African Highlands in general, our activities will focus on an 800 km2 area of Nandi and Vihiga districts in Western Kenya. This site was chosen to capitalize on preexisting partnerships with farmers and a wealth of empirical data collected under a Cornell project of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Biocomplexity Initiative. The project has explored relationships between poverty and environmental degradation, using farms from a soil degradation sequence based on time of

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conversion from forest to agriculture (1900, 1930, 1950, 1970, 1985, 1995, and 2000 with a forested control). Cornell PhD students (including 6 Kenyans) documented the socio-economical and biophysical characteristics of 123 farms in the two districts. Soil analyses showed a gradient of steadily decreasing levels of soil C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and soil pH with increasing soil degradation (Kinyangi, 2008).

Our on-farm pulse research will extend this work as the NSF experiments focused on maize only. Using the NSF project database, we will select a subset of 64 farms, at 4 soil degradation levels (low, medium, medium high and high) with 16 farms per degradation level. Within-farm fertility gradients are common in the region, with fertility decreasing with increasing distance from the homestead (Vanlauwe et al., 2006). We will therefore focus attention on fields representing the average (but still degraded) fertility situation on farms, which is where farmers typically plant their maize-bean intercrops. Socio-economic data from the target area indicate that at least 40% of households are headed by women, and in most cases women are responsible for performing all agricultural activities. Given the important role of women in the target area, we will have an explicit goal that at least 50% of the farmer participants be women. Collaborators - Cornell scientists with expertise in soils, plant pathology, pulse agronomy, applied economics, animal science and human nutrition will collaborate with research scientists from CIAT-Africa, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Regional Research Centre in Kakamega, and Kenyan universities.

Dr. John Ojiem, a Senior Research Officer and soil scientist at KARI-Kakamega, will take the lead as Host Country PI, supported by a social scientist and additional researchers and extension specialists from his institution. KARI has institutionalized participatory approaches for research and technology dissemination. A critical mass of scientists has been trained on the use of these approaches in collaboration with CIAT, ICRAF, McKnight Foundation and CIMMYT. The KARI team will include two female scientists: Isabella Ememwa will handle post harvest and value addition research and will play a key role in the health and nutrition aspects of the project, while Noel Makete has experience in soil management, participatory research, farmer mobilization, and marketing issues.

Soils, agronomy and plant protection faculty and students from Egerton University, Moi University and University of Nairobi will make up the rest of our collaborative group. These universities were selected to capture the diverse expertise needed for meeting the project objectives. Also Cornell and KARI scientists have collaborated with the selected faculty on previous projects. Drs. Nderitu and Muthomi at the University of Nairobi have worked extensively with pulses, emphasizing pest/disease control. Dr. Mwonga at Egerton University has a strong research program in soil fertility management, and Dr. Okalebo at Moi University has a substantial research record on cereal-legume intercropping.

Team members will be brought together during a Project Initiation Workshop to plan the logistical details of the proposed development and research activities and will hold annual planning and review meetings thereafter. Development component activities - We will use participatory approaches to engage smallholder farmers and facilitate the exchange of farmer and scientific knowledge about the abiotic and biotic factors that influence pulse productivity. Farmers will learn about the rationale behind the vigor-enhancing practices during in-community workshops and then will

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be facilitated to experiment with the practices on their own farms. Farmers will share their own knowledge and may propose additional vigor-enhancing practices to be tested by the group. Each cropping season farmer-to-farmer exchange visits and visits to the replicated researcher-managed experiments will provide other opportunities for facilitating experiential learning and exchanges about successes and failures. By explicitly calling attention to factors affecting pulse productivity and then systematically observing how different management practices affect these, farmers will effectively internalize key concepts and principles, which will enable them to continue to adapt their pulse management practices to dynamically changing conditions once the project is over.

KARI will organize and conduct in-community workshops for selected farmers, local extension and NGO personnel with input from the rest of the research team. The outcome of these workshops and follow-up meetings will be the identification of specific strategies that farmers wish to evaluate in verification trials on their own farms. The project will facilitate and support these trials. Given the extremely limited resources of the farmers, it will be necessary for the project to supply sufficient quantities of seed and fertilizers to plant the verification plots. This will ensure that farmers are able to observe the potential of the improved pulse production strategies on their farms and potentially create demand for particular products with input suppliers. KARI personnel will provide technical backstopping and follow up with the farmers throughout the project. We will seek participant feedback after each group event (workshops, exchange visits) to enable us to make mid-course corrections and improvements.

This project will link with the NGO “One Acre” who is addressing soil fertility improvement through the use of legumes, mineral fertilizer inputs and improvement of smallholder income through improved marketing of produce. In addition we expect to interact with the many informal farmer groups which exist within the target area.

Rainfall in the region is bimodal. The vigor enhancing practices will be tested with beans during the long rainy season when farmers plant their main maize/bean intercrop. The drought tolerant indigenous pulses, lablab or cowpea, will be evaluated during the more erratic short rainy season. Farmers will collect crop establishment data (germination and 4 wks post-germination) and volumetric yield data (for maize, beans, and lablab or cowpea) from their verification trial plots in each cropping season. In addition, farmers will be shown how to assess and record the incidence and severity of pests and diseases (root rot, bean fly, others) with easily observed characteristic signs or symptoms. More detailed pest/disease incidence data collected by the students and KARI staff will supplement the farmer observations. KARI staff will gather grain sub-samples from the trials for mineral nutrient analysis (Ca, Mg, P, K, S, Zn, Cu, Mn) at Cornell and calculation of cropping system yields and nutrient outputs. All data will be used in group evaluation/discussion of the impact of the chosen strategies on system productivity across the soil degradation gradient.

KARI socioeconomic staff will undertake formal annual surveys, focal group discussions and case studies to document farmer reaction to the tested strategies in terms of perceived benefits and constraints, changes in management approaches and labor requirements, farmer to farmer knowledge dissemination and likelihood of adoption. Impacts on livelihood and nutrition indicators also will be collected, including cost-benefit analysis of the chosen strategy, status of household food self-sufficiency and diets as well as crop sales, disposition of cash, and household allocation of resources for purchasing nutritious foods. Socioeconomic data gathered

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from the NSF Biocomplexity project will serve as baseline information for making these impact assessments.

To broaden the impact from our health and nutrition activities, we will attempt to develop a United Nations University project with a new faculty member (recent Cornell PhD graduate) in the Department of Food Technology and Nutrition at the Univ. of Nairobi. Research component activities - Complex experimental designs will be needed to test responses to the full complement of vigor enhancing strategies and to tease apart interactions among soils, crops and pests/diseases. Cornell, CIAT and Kenyan research groups, in consultation with farmer collaborators, will therefore design and carry out more sophisticated, replicated experiments on representative maize and bean fields at 4 sites across the soil degradation gradient. Farmer collaborators from each represented gradient zone will help to identify the most appropriate site within that zone and the farmer who owns the field will be fully compensated in cash and kind. KARI will establish and oversee the management of these experiments with regular evaluation and input from Cornell, CIAT, University partners and farmers. Specific research questions, experimental design and the data to be collected from the replicated trials will be developed in full during the Project Initiation Workshop, but will likely emphasize incidence and severity of pests and diseases, characterization of soil chemical characteristics and agronomic evaluations of system productivity.

We recognize that not all the improved pulse production strategies may be chosen for validation by farmers. Therefore we may have to negotiate with farmers to add single replicates of such treatments to their verification trials to ensure coverage of all the improved strategies across the soil degradation gradient. Comparison of the results from the farmer plots and the replicated experiments will provide an understanding of the range in possible responses and potential benefits.

One student from each of the three Kenyan Universities will receive support to undertake a 2-year Masters Degree program in the areas of soil science (Egerton Univ.), plant protection (Univ. Nairobi) or agronomy (Moi Univ.). Staff from KARI, the Ministry of Agriculture and NGOs will be actively sought as students, thereby benefiting these institutions directly when the students complete their degrees and return to work. One staff member from KARI-Kakamega has already been nominated to work with Dr. Okalebo at Moi University.

The researcher-managed and/or the farmer-managed trials will form the backbone of the students’ thesis research. The research team may also decide that students need to establish additional satellite trials. For example, missing element experiments may be set up to assess the role of other limiting nutrients in these soils. As requested, Cornell collaborators will serve on the student MSc. committees. Project progress and evaluation activities - Project collaborators will meet annually to review and synthesize results from the development and research components. At the end of each cropping season, results will be collected, shared among all collaborators (including farmers), and formally reported. This will allow us to distinguish successful and unsuccessful features of the vigor enhancing strategies, farmer reactions and impacts, and to identify areas needing additional attention or modification as the project proceeds. Also results will support project reporting requirements and indicate progress towards our specified benchmarks.

We expect that the approach proposed by this project will have applicability for smallholder

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farmers with similar socioeconomic and biophysical constraints in the East African Highlands and elsewhere in Sub Saharan Africa. Results gathered from the farmer trials and replicated experiments across the soil degradation sequence will be used to identify successful elements and extrapolation domains for targeting areas where this approach can be extended beyond the immediate project area. By December 2009, there will be sufficient socioeconomic and biophysical data gathered to undertake this analysis and to establish the extrapolation domains. As described in the Dissemination of Outputs section (p.13), national institutions (KARI) and regional networks (PABRA, ECABREN, SABREN) will be key agents for transferring these project outputs to other locations in Kenya, the East African Highlands and Sub Saharan Africa. D. Collaboration with Host Country Institutions Cornell, KARI, 3 Kenyan Universities and CIAT-Africa will be involved in the development, implementation and evaluation of the proposed project activities through participation in the Project Initiation Workshop, annual review meetings, and collaborator visits to farmer and researcher trials. Accountability will be maintained through timely fund disbursements, sharing of data, and joint evaluation and assessment of project outputs. Each partner institution will contribute to specific project requirements as follows: Cornell - overall project oversight and leadership, donor reporting, coordination of publications KARI- within-country leadership, coordinating and implementing farmer training, participatory

trials, replicated experiments, and meetings Kenyan Universities - coordination and management of Masters level student programs CIAT – technical backstopping (bean pests and diseases, participatory research methodologies),

access to improved bean germplasm and dissemination of findings to regional bean research networks: East & Central African Bean Research Network (ECABREN), South African Bean Research Network (SABREN)

E. Benchmarks Outputs from this project are organized by component and the knowledge dissemination theme:

Development component: (1) Improved pulse production strategies are disseminated and tested by farmers, and benefits are documented; (2) Effects of vigor enhancing strategies on pulse/system productivity and pests/diseases are established on smallholder farms.(3) Food system nutrient outputs from improved cropping systems are determined. Research component: (1) Responses and interactions by soil, crop, pest/disease factors to improved pulse production strategies are quantified and evaluated. (2)Three Master’s degrees are completed at Kenyan universities. Knowledge dissemination: (1) Informational and promotional materials on improved pulse production strategies are developed for NARS, extension and NGO stakeholders. (2) Socioeconomic evaluation of farmer participatory research outcomes published in development oriented publications. (3)Results from Master theses and replicated trials are published in peer-refereed technical journals. Benefits to US agriculture – Bean diseases are problem in the US as in Africa. Therefore the improved understanding we expect on the impacts of soil nutrient and disease/pest interactions on crop productivity will have application to pulse production in the US. While nutrient

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problems between the US and Africa are different (excess vs. deficient), the approach is the same, especially for organic and low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA) bean growers. Timeline and Indicators II. Host Country Institutional Capacity Building

Our project provides the framework and resources to develop and support a learning partnership that will build both group and institutional capacity.

Group capacity building

The groups identified to collaborate with this project (scientists, farmers, students, extension personnel) bring different, but complementary, strengths and weaknesses to the partnership, and it is actually these differences and complementarities that lead to the increased capacities of

Activities 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Project initiation and annual research and evaluation planning workshops

Master's students training

Farmer in-community workshops on the vigor-enhancing strategies

Farmer verification trials and concurrent follow-ups

Researchers replicated trials

Collaborator visits to verification trials and factorial trials in the different communities

Field surveys on socio-economic factors influencing technology uptake

Collection of grain samples for nutrient analysis

Preparation of farmer training materials

Preparation of publications

Lab reports of mineral nutrient contents of bean, lablab, cowpea and maize

Brochures, leaflets, booklets, posters, radio scripts

Technical notes for CIAT and KARI websites;

Journal articles

2008 2009 2010Indicators

Faculty progress reports on students; students final

theses

Comprehensive workplans and research reports

Documention of farmer input and innovations

Documention of farmer input and innovations

Research reports

Research reports- w/ soil/pathogen and mgmt interactions identified

Research report, including cost/benefit analysis

coursework thesis field research

lablab/cowpea

maize/bean lablab/cowpea

maize/bean

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the groups. Without farmer involvement in the technology development and adaptation process, technically feasible technologies developed by scientists may be rejected by farmers because they don’t fit well with locally important social, economic, cultural and political criteria. Bringing farmers into the learning partnership therefore builds scientists capacity to develop more appropriate technologies. On the other hand, farmers may use specific practices that are counter-productive due to their lack of conceptual knowledge. For example, planting bean seeds too closely together to ensure that at least some beans will produce has the opposite effect under conditions where soilborne pathogens limit bean productivity. By sharing science-based knowledge that is relevant to local conditions and showing farmers how they can test the efficacy of deploying that knowledge on their own farms, scientists can build farmers capacity to improve the management of their limited resources. Our project’s creation of a farmer research network, made up of farmers from communities across a soil degradation gradient, is also expected to build farmer group capacity by broadening their scope for learning. Institutional capacity building

This project will build KARI-Kakamega’s (KARI-K) capacity to make key contributions to the development of the dry pulse sector in Western Kenya. KARI-K has an extremely well-educated pool of researchers, but lacks the financial resources to utilize them effectively. National budget allocations are typically insufficient to support both staff salaries and field research operations. Collaborative programs like the Pulses CRSP, which support research and outreach activities, are instrumental in helping centers, like KARI-K better utilize and improve their human capital assets.

This project also will increase government and non-governmental institutions’ capacity to contribute to regional pulse sector development by supporting staff members to obtain Master’s degrees. One of KARI-K’s staff, who has been identified for further training, will be enrolled at Moi University and will conduct thesis research within the project framework. After completing the degree, the KARI staff member will return to KARI-K and continue to make important research and development contributions. Other government and NGO institutional officers will be sought to participate in the Masters training portion of this project.

The project will build the capacity of the participating Kenyan universities by creating stronger links with more development-oriented research centers at the regional, national and international levels. While Kenya’s national and regional agricultural institutes have fairly strong, well-established linkages with the International Agricultural Research Centers, the universities tend to have less developed linkages with research centers and their fellow universities. Providing an opportunity to collaborate on research and student training in this project will help to create strong interpersonal relationships, which will strengthen inter-institutional linkages. The project will encourage the university collaborators to help students make strategic use of limited resources. For example, if one of the project’s students needs access to equipment that is not available at their own university but is available at one of the others, we anticipate that faculty collaborators will help the student negotiate and make arrangements to be able to perform their analysis using the other university’s equipment. We also expect this project to increase the flow of pulse germplasm and technical information between participating institutions, as well as lead to further opportunities for the Universities faculty and students to be more active in regional bean and pulse research networks. Finally, the project is also expected to help develop the universities reputation for producing top-notch scientists. The students supported by the project will be part of the research team and will

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thereby receive input and feedback from all of the participating scientists, and gain a breadth and depth practical research and development experience that will help them make important contributions to pulse research and development contributions once the project has ended.

CIAT-Africa is seen as an especially strategic partner for our group and institutional capacity building efforts on both the research and development fronts. Dr. Robin Buruchara, our primary CIAT collaborator, is one of the world’s foremost experts on bean root rot, and is well-placed to share CIAT’s depth and breadth of experience in farmer participatory research and development with the team. Also CIAT is a key institution for linking our project with the numerous bean and pulse research networks that are active in Africa (PABRA, ECABREN, SABREN). III. Contribution to USAID Objectives and Initiatives Our project goals and activities will complement USAID’s Policy Framework for Bilateral Foreign Aid and local USAID Mission priorities. We will strengthen current investments addressing the food insecurity and hunger crises facing Kenya, one of USAID’s oldest African development partners. Our goal to use improved pulse productivity to reinvigorate smallholder farming systems is clearly in line with the Policy Framework objectives and the Kenya Mission’s program activities to restore economic activity and livelihoods. Participatory learning approaches and prioritized interventions for women are also consistent with the Mission’s current programs. Our proposed international and national collaborations, farmer research and Master’s degree program activities will support USAID’s vision for improved human and institutional capacity building.

This project will address three of the IEHA Pillars. ‘Science and technology’ tools will be applied to study the impact of vigor enhancing practices on pulses across the varying soil environments faced by farmers in Western Kenya. Linking farmer learning and experimentation with the science-based research also will build human capacity and accelerate access to research findings by the target group. ‘Global partnerships’ will be built by establishing a multidisciplinary development and research relationship between 2 international institutions (Cornell, CIAT) and Kenyan institutions (KARI, Egerton, Moi, Univ. Nairobi). Finally project activities will explicitly target ‘vulnerable’ groups, who in this case include impoverished, female smallholder farmers.

Gender Equity

Despite the important role of women as heads of households and managers of agricultural activities, they often do not have the same access to land, labor or cash as men. Our choice of simple strategies that utilize readily available and lower cost materials (improved germplasm, seed priming, boma compost, soil improving pulse crops, rock phosphate) are accessible to women who have limited purchasing capacity and fewer opportunities for off-farm income generation.

Participation of women is an explicit goal in our farmer participatory research activities (at least 50% of participants will be women). In order to encourage knowledge dissemination for women outside of the main intervention group, NGO and extension representatives and leaders from area women’s groups will be invited to participate in the Farmer Training Workshops and collaborator visits to the farmer and researcher trials. In addition 2 women staff members from KARI-Kakamega will actively participate in the project to improve communication and

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understanding between the research sector and female farmers and to provide greater insights into the important issues of female farmers. Egerton, Moi and the University of Nairobi, in collaboration with KARI-Kakamega, will identify the students to participate in this project as Master’s degree candidates. While the academic criteria for selection will be up to the individual universities, we will require that at least one of the students be a woman. Biodiversity Conservation

There is concern that local bean varieties will be displaced by improved root rot tolerant varieties, resulting in an overall decrease in biodiversity. However a recent survey by CIAT-Africa (Odendo and Kalybara, 2004) indicated that in addition to the improved varieties, farmers continue to cultivate traditional, root rot susceptible bean varieties for cultural reasons and specialty sales. Thus we anticipate that further adoption of root-rot tolerant varieties will increase biodiversity rather than reduce it. Promotion of lablab and cowpea for dry grain pulse production and soil fertility restoration during the dry season is expected to increase biodiversity in cultivated areas dominated by maize and common bean. While lablab is native to Africa, it has only recently been studied as a pulse and soil improving legume for the dry season. A small amount of cowpea is grown during the long rains, primarily as a vegetable crop, because heavy pest pressure restricts grain production. Growing more drought tolerant cowpea and lablab so that they mature during the dry season when there is substantially less pest pressure would result in an increase in the numbers of dry grain pulse species grown in the region. Significant improvements to soil fertility are an added and essential benefit of growing these particular pulses. Environmental Considerations

This project targets a deteriorating soil resource base as the major constraint to reinvigorating pulse and system productivity. Several of the vigor enhancing practices we propose to work with will have a direct impact on improving and rebuilding degraded soils, thereby addressing immediate soil fertility needs and the longer term sustainability of this critical natural resource. Less predictable rainfall patterns have been noted throughout Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. We believe that the development of plants with bigger and deeper root systems and enhanced vigor and growth will help smallholder food crops tolerate more adverse climate conditions, particularly drought. Mission Engagement

Throughout the project, Kenyan and US team members will interact with USAID Kenya Mission staff and provide technical support for development and implementation of Mission programs. As requested and within the limits of our budget, additional activities or partners may be incorporated into the project. Mission staff will be kept apprised of activity outcomes throughout the project and will be invited to participate in annual meetings and collaborator field visits.

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IV. Achieving Development Impacts Outreach

Outreach is embedded in both development and research components, by linking farmers, KARI researchers and University faculty/students through on-farm research activities:

• The project will directly involve smallholder farmer beneficiaries in collaborations to share knowledge and test strategies for improving pulse and system productivity. Working in a participatory fashion with full involvement by farmers ensures more success for adoption and the likelihood for future farmer-to-farmer dissemination.

• Interactive relationships established during the project between farmers, KARI and the Universities will have lasting outreach and research impacts beyond the life of the project. Farmers will gain access to reliable knowledge sources for obtaining technical information in the future. KARI researchers and University faculty will acquire further understanding of farmer constraints and environmental conditions, as well as their important criteria for suitable pulse technologies. Consequently future research and outreach activities will be more interactive and demand driven. Also opportunities for more research linkages between KARI and the Universities will be likely.

• Students participating in on-farm research activities will obtain technical training while gaining an awareness of farmer conditions and constraints, which will make them better equipped to address farmer problems in future professional endeavors.

Dissemination of outputs

• NGO and extension personnel participation in the Farmer Training Workshops and Traveling Seminars is intended for disseminating project learning and approaches to additional local stakeholders. We expect that knowledge gathered from our project activities will be incorporated into programs and tested by these NGO and extension groups where possible.

• Promotional and instructional materials describing approaches for enhancing vigor and improving soil fertility will be developed and distributed. These materials will include: simple one page brochures and posters targeting farmers; more detailed leaflets or small booklets for NGO and extension trainers; and scripts for use by local radio programs.

• Over the course of the project, Cornell, KARI, CIAT and University faculty collaborators will present project results during professional meetings and regularly scheduled national-level workshops/conferences. Also technical notes will be prepared and published on the CIAT – Africa website and within the KARI system to update regionally based researchers and scientists at other KARI stations about the project approaches, findings and outcomes.

• In addition to the 3 Master theses expected from this project, socioeconomic and biophysical data obtained by the students and collaborating scientists will be published in peer refereed journals.

V. Annexes

Curriculum Vitae of Key Personnel (starts on page 14)

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Julie G. Lauren

Department of Crop and Soil Sciences 917 Bradfield Hall Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853

E-mail Address: JGL5@CORNELL.EDU

EDUCATION:

Ph.D. Cornell University, Soil Science-Soil Fertility. May 1991. M.S. Cornell University, Soil Science-Soil Physics. June 1986. B.A. Smith College, cum laude - Geology. May 1979. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:

Senior Research Associate - Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. 2003-present

Co-Principal Investigator on USAID Soil Management CRSP Enhancing Technology Adoption for the Rice-Wheat Cropping System (South Asia). Developed and managed collaborative program for testing and evaluating transfer of soil management technologies to farmers in Bangladesh and Nepal. Established collaborations with national agricultural extension systems as well as numerous non-governmental organizations.

Co-Principal Investigator on USAID Soil Management CRSP Soil Carbon Sequestration in Soils of the Rice-Wheat Cropping System (South Asia). Established database on current soil carbon and texture of cultivated and native soils in South Asia; develop texture/mineralogy - soil carbon algorithms from database; coordinated/ managed soil carbon and 13C sampling to support database development and to document impacts of carbon sequestration management practices on soil carbon levels. Research Associate - Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. 1994-2003

Coordinator of Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD) South Asia program and USAID Soil Management CRSP Rice-Wheat Program. Project administration, proposal evaluation, experimental design, data management and analysis on Indian, Bangladeshi and Nepali research projects integrating plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology, economics, agronomy and soil science.

Coordinator of USDA Special Grant on agricultural ecosystems. Responsible for annual synthesis of project reports and proposals from 10-15 faculty investigators in various CALS departments into a cohesive document. Also conducted research on (1) dynamics and environmental controls of methane oxidation under five different agroecosystems in New York State, and (2) year-to-year and source variability in N mineralization potentials from various local, municipal sludge materials. PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIP, ACTIVITIES AND AWARDS: • Sigma Xi (Smith College); Gamma Sigma Delta (Cornell University); American Society of

Agronomy; Soil Science Society of America (S-3, S-4, A-6) • Reviewer for: Agronomy Journal, Soil Science Society of America Journal, Journal of

Environmental Quality, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Journal of Production Agriculture • Research proposal reviews for: USDA-NRI; Texas Tech University; Australian Centre for

International Agricultural Research; UK Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Res. Council (2006) • Richard Bradfield Award for soil research in international agriculture (1990).

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PUBLICATIONS:

Lauren, J.G., G. Shah, M.I. Hossain, A.S.M.H.M. Talukder, J.M. Duxbury, C.A. Meisner and C. Adhikari. 2007. Research station and on-farm experiences with permanent raised beds through the Soil Management Collaborative Research Support Program. In E. Humphreys and C. Roth (ed.) Permanent beds and rice residue management for rice-wheat systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) Proceedings PR128. Canberra, Australia. (In press).

Culman, S., J.M. Duxbury, J.G. Lauren and J.E. Thies. 2006. Microbial community response to soil solarization in Nepal’s rice-wheat cropping system. Soil Biol. Biochem. 38: 3359-3371.

Tripathi, J., C. Adhikari, J.G. Lauren, J.M. Duxbury and P.R. Hobbs. 2006. Assessment of farmer adoption of surface seeded wheat in the Nepal Terai. Rice-Wheat Consortium Paper Series 19. Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo Gangetic Plains. New Delhi, India. 50 pp

Banu, S.P., M.A. Shaheed, A.A. Siddique, M.A. Nahar, H.U. Ahmed, M.H. Devare, J.M. Duxbury, J.G. Lauren, G.S. Abawi and C.A. Meisner. 2005. Soil biological health: A major constraint in the rice-wheat cropping system. Int. Rice Res. Notes 30(1): 5-11.

Johansen, C., A.M. Musa, J.V.D.K Kumar Rao, D. Harris, M.Y. Ali and J.G. Lauren. 2005. Molybdenum response of chickpea in the High Barind Tract (HBT) of Bangladesh and in Eastern India. p. 205-220. In P. Andersen et al. (ed.) Micronutrients in South and South East Asia. Proc. International Workshop. Kathmandu, Nepal. 8-11 Sept. 2004. Int. Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal.

Johnson, S.E., J.G. Lauren, R.M. Welch and J.M. Duxbury. 2005. A comparison of the effects of micronutrient seed priming and soil fertilization on the mineral nutrition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Nepal. Expl. Agric. 41(4): 427-448.

Duxbury, J.M., J.G. Lauren, A.S.M.H.M. Talukder, M.A. Sufian, M.I. Hossain, K.R. Dahal, J. Tripathi, G.S. Giri, A. Shaheed, M.H. Devare, and C.A. Meisner. 2004. Opportunities and Constraints for Reduced Tillage Practices in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System. p. 121-131. In R. Lal et al. (ed.) Sustainable agriculture and the international rice-wheat system. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York.

Hobbs, P.R., Y. Singh, G.S. Giri, J.G. Lauren, and J.M. Duxbury. 2002. Direct seeding and reduced tillage options in the rice-wheat systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia. pp. 201-215. In S. Pandey et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Workshop on Direct Seeding in Asian Rice Systems: Strategic Research Issues and Opportunities, Bangkok, Thailand. 25-28 January 2000. Int. Rice Res. Inst., Los Baños, Philippines.

Lauren, J.G., R. Shrestha, M.A. Sattar, and R.L. Yadav. 2001. Legumes and diversification of the rice-wheat cropping system. In P.K. Kataki (ed.) The Rice-Wheat Cropping System of South Asia: Trends, constraints, productivity and policy. J. Crop Production 3(2): 67-102.

Kataki, P.K., S. Bedi, C.L. Arora, J.G. Lauren and J.M. Duxbury. 2001. Performance of micronutrient enriched seeds on three soil types. J. New Seeds. 3(4): 13-21.

Lauren, J.G., J.M. Duxbury, V. Beri, M.A. Razzaque II, M.A. Sattar, S.P. Pandey, S. Bhattarai, R.A. Mann, and J.K. Ladha. 1998. Direct and residual effects from forage and green manure legumes in rice-based cropping systems. pp. 55-81. In J.V.D.K. Kumar Rao et al. (ed.) Proc. Int. Workshop on Residual Effects of Legumes in Rice and Wheat Cropping Systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, Pantancheru, India. 26-28 August 1996. ICRISAT Asia Center, Pantancheru, India.

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John O. Ojiem

Email: olival@swiftkenya.com Daytime telephone contact (landline):254-056-30031

Mobile telephone contact: 254-0735-531391 Current Job Title: Senior Research Officer and Deputy Centre Director, KARI-Kakamega. Positions held: 2007: KARI Team Leader, Lake Victoria Environmental Management Programme (LVEMP). 2006 to Present: Deputy Centre Director, KARI-Kakamega Responsibilities include providing leadership to Centre scientist, research project planning, implementation and reporting, research quality management, and budget control. 1996 to 2002: Country site Coordinator, African Highlands Initiative (AHI). AHI is a natural resource management program operating in eight benchmark sites (countries) located within the eastern Africa region (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania Ethiopia, and Madagascar). 1997 to 1998: Country Coordinator, Improving Integrated Nutrient Management Practices in Small-Scale Farms in Africa. The project was implemented in selected countries in Eastern and Western Africa, and coordinated by CIAT. Focus was on development of methods for dissemination of integrated nutrient management technologies and building the capacity of smallholder farmers to adapt technologies. 1995 to 1996: Country Coordinator, EU-supported project on Biological management of Soil Fertility in Small-Scale Farming Systems in Tropical Africa. Implemented in five African countries (Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe, in collaboration with Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme (TSBF) and international Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). The project focused on soil biological process and integration of organic and inorganic resources in soil fertility management. 1995 to present: Head, Soil Fertility Research Program, KARI-Kakamega. Responsibilities include coordination of soil fertility research activities at the Centre, formulation and implementation of research programs, and supervision of scientist working within the program.

Education PhD in Soil Science, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. 2006. Thesis Title “Exploring socio-ecological niches for legumes in western Kenya smallholder farming systems”

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MSc in Soil Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, U.S.A. 1991. Thesis title: Nitrogen Management in No-Till Corn. Post-graduate Diploma in Maize Agronomy, The International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT), El Batan, Mexico, 1987. B.Sc. (Agric.) Honours, Punjab Agricultural University, India, 1983. Representative Publications Journals: 1. Ojiem, J.O., Vanlauwe, B., Ridder N. de, and K.E. Giller. 2007. Niche-Based assessment of

contributions of legumes to the nitrogen economy of Western Kenya smallholder farms. Plant Soil 292:119-135.

2. Ojiem, J.O., B. Vanlauwe, N. de Ridder, and K.E. Giller. 2006. Socio-ecological niche: A conceptual framework for integration of legumes in smallholder farming systems. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability.

3. Odendo, M., Ojiem, J., and Bationo, A. 2006. On-farm evaluation and scaling–up of soil fertility management technologies in western Kenya. Nutr cycl Agroecosyst. 76:369-381.

4. Mureithi, J.G., Gachene, C.K.K., and Ojiem, J. 2003. The role of green manure legumes in smallholder farming systems in Kenya: The Legume Research Network Project. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 1:57-70.

Book Chapters: 1. Ojiem, J.O., Palm, C.A., Okwuosa, E.A., and Mudeheri, M.A. 2004. Effect of combining

organic and inorganic phosphorus sources on maize grain yield in a humic-Nitosol in western Kenya. In Bationo, A. (ed.) Managing Nutrient Cycles to Sustain Soil Fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Academy Science Publishing, Nairobi.

2. Kimani, S.K., Nandwa, S.M., Mugendi, D.N., Obayi, S.N., Ojiem, J.O., Murwira, H.K., and Bationo, A. 2003. Principles of Integrated Soil Fertility Management. In Gichuru, M.P. et al., (eds.) Soil Fertility Management in Africa: A regional Perspective. Academy Science Publishing, Nairobi.

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Christopher B. Barrett EDUCATION Institution Major Degree & Year Princeton University History A.B. magna cum

laude,1984 University of Oxford (U.K.) Development Economics M.S., Fulbright Scholar,1985 University of Wisconsin-Madison Economics, Agricultural Dual Ph.D., 1994 Economics APPOINTMENTS 2003-Present Professor, Applied Economics & Mgmt, Cornell University 1998- 2003 Associate Professor, Applied Economics & Mgmt, Cornell University 1998 Associate Professor, Economics, Utah State University 1994- 1998 Assistant Professor, Economics, Utah State University REPRESENTATIVE PUBLICATIONS Barrett, C., M. Carter & P. Little, Editors. 2007. Understanding and Reducing Persistent

Poverty in Africa. Routledge. Barrett, C. & B. Swallow. 2006. Fractal poverty traps. World Development 34 (1): 1-15. Barrett, C., Editor. 2005. The Social Economics of Poverty: Identities, Groups, Communities

and Networks. Routledge. Lybbert, T., C. Barrett, S. Desta, & D. Coppock. 2004. Stochastic wealth dynamics

and risk management among a poor population. Economic Journal 114 (498):750-777.

Barrett, C., C. Moser, O. McHugh & J. Barison. 2004. Better technology, better plots or better farmers? Identifying changes in productivity and risk among Malagasy rice farmers. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 86 (4): 869-888.

Barrett, C. 2002. Food security and food assistance programs. In: Handbook of Agricultural

Economics, vol. 2B. Eds.: B. Gardner & G. Rausser. Elsevier Science, pp.2103-2190. Barrett, C. & J.R. Li. 2002. Distinguishing between equilibrium and integration in spatial price

analysis. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 84 ( 2): 292-307. Sherlund, S., C. Barrett & A. Adesina. 2002. Smallholder technical efficiency:

controlling for environmental production conditions. Journal of Development Economics 69 (1): 85-101.

Lee, D. & C. Barrett, Eds. 2000. Tradeoffs or Synergies? Agricultural Intensification, Economic Development and the Environment in Developing Countries. CAB Int’l. Barrett, C. 1996. On price risk and the inverse farm size-productivity relationship. Journal of

Development Economics 51(2): 193-215.

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SYNGERSTIC ACTIVITIES Frequent invited speaker/adviser to international media and organizations on global food aid and emergency response in poor areas; award-winning book with D. Maxwell, Food Aid After Fifty Years: Recasting Its Role (2005); Editor, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, premier field journal, 2003-present; Member, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Science Council Standing Panel on Priorities and Strategies, 2004-2006, body setting global scientific research priorities and strategies for $400 million/year consortium of research centers dedicated to poverty reduction and environmental protection; Member, External Advisory Board, Rockefeller Foundation Program on Markets to Raise Incomes of Poor Farmers in Africa, 2004-present; Co-Director, African Food Security and Natural Resources Management Program, Cornell University. Interdisciplinary program integrating biophysical and social sciences. Includes a major Ph.D. training program, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, for African faculty training to doctoral level in separate disciplines but on common topics.

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Robin A. Buruchara EDUCATION Doctor of Philosophy; 1985, Plant Pathology; University of Nairobi and Centro Internacional de Agricultural Tropical. Cali, Colombia, Thesis: Determination of pathogenic variability in Phaeoisariopsis griseola Sacc. and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). POSITIONS HELD Jan 2007–Present: Regional Research Leader, CIAT Africa: Coordinated CIAT Africa Programmes: 2005–Present: Coordinator, Lake Kivu Pilot Learning Site of Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Programme (SSACP): On behalf of the Lead Institution (CIAT), coordinate and facilitate a multi-institutional partnership in a process to develop (Inception Phase) and implement a research and development agenda in the Lake Kivu region. An Inception Phase which is complete included validation of research hypothesis and entry points, log frame development, concept note, proposal and MTP development. 2003–Present: Coordinator, Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA): In collaboration with regional coordinators of bean research networks in Eastern (ECABREN) and Southern (SABRN) Africa (ESA), facilitates linkages of the bean research alliance in Africa (PABRA) involving a variety of stakeholders, whose major foci are the development and dissemination of bean based technologies; empowering of communities to experiment, demand and make choices; and capacity development of scientific and extension partners and associated institutions. 1993–Present: Bean Pathologist, CIAT, Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA): Conducts strategic research in support of and in collaboration with scientists in bean research networks in Eastern and southern Africa (ESA) on genetic diversity of key bean pathogens in Africa e.g. angular leaf spot, bean root rots (Pythium spp and Fusarium solani ) using conventional and biotechnology tools. Use of participatory approaches to develop and dissemination of IPM technologies for soil borne diseases of beans. Conducts the identification of, and supports disease resistance improvement in beans (by breeders) and bean seed health studies in seed systems research. Backstops and supports capacity development of NARS partners in bean pathology and IPM research including supervision of graduate students. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS I. N. Wagara, A. W. Mwang’ombe, J. W. Kimenju & R. A. Buruchara. 2005. Virulence, variability

and physiological races of the angular leaf spot pathogen Phaeoisariopsis griseola in Kenya. African Plant Protection 11: 23-31.

Wagara, I. N., Mwangómbe, A. W., Kimenju, J. W., Buruchara, R. A., Jamnadass, R. and Majiwa, P.A.O. 2004. Genetic diversity of Phaeoisariopsis griseola in Kenya as revealed by AFLP and group-specific primers. Journal of Phytopathology. 152: 1-8.

R. Otsyula, G. Rachier, N. Ambitsi, R. Juma, C. Ndiya, R. Buruchara, L. Sperling. 2004. The use of informal seed producer groups for diffusing root rot resistant varieties during periods of acute stress. In pp 68 – 89. L Sperling, T. Remington, J.M. Haugen and S. Nagoda (eds.) 2004. Addressing Seed Security in Disaster Response: Linking Relief with development. Cali, Colombia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture. 179 p.

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Vas D. Aggarwal, Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales, Rowland M Chirwa, Robin Buruchara. 2004. Andean

beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with resistance to the angular leaf spot pathogen (Phaeoisariopsis griseola) in southern and eastern Africa. Euphytica. 136:201-210

George.S. Mahuku, María Antonia Henríquez , Jaime Munõz and Robin A. Buruchara. 2002

Molecular Markers Dispute the Existence of the “Afro-Andean” group of the Bean Angular Leaf Spot Pathogen, Phaeoisariopsis griseola. Phytopathology, 92: 580-589.

Buruchara, R. A., R. A. Kirkby, H. Gridley and P. M. Kimani, 2001. Decentralized and Participatory

Breeding Strategies for Beans in Africa: Evolution and Potential. Paper presented at the Africa-wide workshop on Participatory Plant Breeding. 7-11, May 2001. Bouake, Cote d'Ivoire.

Buruchara, R. A. and L. Camacho. 2000. Common bean reaction to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli,

the cause of severe vascular wilt in Central Africa. J. Phytopathology 148:39-45. Buruchara R. A., Pastor-Corrales, M. A and Scheidegger, U. (1999). Fusarium Wilt Disease Caused by

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli on a Common Bean Cultivar, G 2333, in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Plant Disease. 83:397.

Kelemu, S., Mahuku, G., Fregene, M., Pachico, P., Johnson, N., Calvert, L., Rao, I., Buruchara, R.,

Amede, T., Kimani, P., Kirkby, P., Kaaria, S., and Ampofo, K. 2003. Harmonizing the agricultural biotechnology debate for the benefit of African farmers. African Journal of Biotechnology 2(11):394-416. (http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb/abstracts/abstracts2003/Novemberabstracts2003/Kelemu%20et%20al.htm)

Otsyula, R. M., Ajanga, S. I., Buruchara, R. A. and C. S. Wortmann. 1998. Development of an

integrated bean root rot control strategy for western Kenya. African Crop Science Journal 6: 61-67.

Pyndji, M., Abawi, G. S. and Buruchara, R. A. 1997. Use of green manures in suppressing root rot

severity and damage to beans in Uganda. Phytopathology 87:S 80 (Abstract). Rusuku, G., Buruchara, R. A., Gatabazi, M., Pastor-Corrales, M. A. 1997. Occurrence and distribution

in Rwanda of soilborne fungi, pathogenic to the common bean. Plant Dis. 81:445-449. Songa, W., Hillocks, R. J., Mwang’ombe, A., and Buruchara, R. A. 1997. Screening common bean

accessions for resistance to charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in eastern Kenya. Experimental Agriculture 33:1-10.

Buruchara, R. A. and Bua, B. 1997. Characterizing the Core Collection for resistance to Pythium and

Rhizoctonia root rots. BIC 40. Sperling, L., Scheidegger, U.C. and Buruchara, R.A. 1993. Designing bean seed systems for

smallholders. ILELA Newsletter, Vol.9 (1): 24-25.

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John M. Duxbury

904 Bradfield Hall; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853

EDUCATION: 1966 Ph.D. Birmingham University, UK 1963 B.Sc. Birmingham University, UK

POSITIONS:

Professor: 1988 to present Department Chair: Dept of Soils, Crops & Atmospheric Science 1996-1999 Associate Professor: 1977-1988 Assistant Professor: 1970-1977

AWARDS:

McDonald-Musgrave Award, 2004

MEMBERSHIPS:

American Society of Agronomy; Soil Science Society of America (S-3, S-4, A-6)

APPOINTMENTS:

Editorial Board, Soil Science Society of America Journal; 1982-88 Chairman, Amer. Soc. Agron. Working Group on Climate Change; 1993-96 Panel Member, OTA, U.S. Congress; Agriculture, Trade and the Environment; 1993-94 Review Team, USDA-ARS Natural Resources Research Center, Fort Collins, CO; 1995 Review Team, Centro Internationale Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia; 1995 Director, Agricultural Ecosystems Program, Cornell University; 1994-2005 Faculty Advisory Committee, Cornell Nutrient Analysis Laboratories; 1999 to present

MAIN RESEARCH OR TECHNOLOGY TOPICS:

Soil organic matter/carbon isotopes, soil nitrogen dynamics/nitrogen isotopes, soil health, greenhouse gas emissions, micronutrient soil fertility, green manures, grain legumes, soil P availability and leaching, international agriculture, South Asia, rice-wheat cropping systems, agriculture and human nutrition, agriculture for energy production

RECENT RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS:

Haden, V.R., J.M. Duxbury, A. DiTommaso and J. E. Losey. 2007. Weed community dynamics in the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and the efficacy of mechanical cultivation and competitive rice cultivars for weed control in Indonesia. J Sustainable Agric. 30(4):5-26.

Meisner, C, R. Welch, J.M. Duxbury and J.G. Lauren. 2005. Making a greener revolution: a nutrient delivery system for food production to address malnutrition through crop science. Plant Prodn, Sci. 8:326-329. McDonald, A.J., S.J. Riha, J.M. Duxbury, T.S. Steenhuis, and J.G. Lauren. 2006. Soil physical responses to novel rice cultural practices in the rice-wheat system: Comparative evidence from a swelling soil in Nepal. Soil & Tillage Res. 86: 163-175.

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McDonald, A.J., S.J. Riha, J.M. Duxbury, T.S. Steenhuis and J.G. Lauren. 2006. Water balance and rice growth responses to direct seeding, deep tillage, and landscape placement: Findings from a valley terrace in Nepal. Field Crops Res. 95: 367-382.

Culman, S.W., J.M. Duxbury, J.G. Lauren and J.E. Thies. 2006. Microbial community response to soil solarization in Nepal’s rice-wheat cropping system. Soil Biol and Biochem., 38: 3359-3371.

Duxbury, J. M. 2005. Reducing greenhouse warming potential by carbon sequestration in soils: opportunities, limitations and tradeoffs. In R. Lal et al (eds), Climate Change and Global Food Security. pp. 435-450. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Johnson, S.E., J.G. Lauren, R.M. Welch and J.M. Duxbury. 2005. A comparison of the effects of micronutrient seed priming and soil fertilization on the mineral nutrition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Nepal. Expl. Agric. 41(4): 427-448.

Duxbury, J.M., J.G. Lauren, A.S.M.H.M. Talukder, M.A. Sufian, M.I. Hossain, K.R. Dahal, J. Tripathi, G.S. Giri, A. Shaheed, M.H. Devare, and C.A. Meisner. 2004. Opportunities and Constraints for Reduced Tillage Practices in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System. p. 121-131. In R. Lal, P.Hobbs, N. Uphoff, D.O. Hansen (ed.) Sustainable agriculture and the international rice-wheat system. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York.

Duxbury, J.M. 2004. Food system approaches to nutrition and health; the role of transgenic papaya. Proc. OECD Co-operative program workshop on “Virus Resistant Transgenic Papaya in Hawaii; a Case Study for Technology Transfer to Lesser Developed Countries”, Hilo, Hawaii, Oct 22-24, 2003 pp 133-138.

Padgham, J.L., G. S. Abawi and J. M. Duxbury. 2003. Survival and infectivity of Meloidogyne graminicola in flooded and non-flooded soils. Nematologia-Mediterranea. 2003; 31: 225-230.

Duxbury, J. M. 2001. Long-term yield trends in the rice-wheat cropping system: results from experiments and northwest India. J. Crop Production 3: 27-52.

Johansen, C., J. Duxbury, S.M. Virmani, C.L. Gowda, S. Pande and P.K. Joshi (eds.). 2000 Legumes in rice and wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plain – constraints and opportunities. 223pp. ICRISAT and Cornell University. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Talukder, K. Hassan, N. Manaster,B. J. Staab, D.B., Duxbury, J.M., Welch, R.M., Meisner,C.A., Haque,S., Combs,G.F.Jr., Fischer,P.R., Rahman,A., Cimma,J.P., Kyaw-Myint,T.O., Kabir,A.R.M.L. 1999. Nutritional rickets without vitamin D deficiency in Bangladesh. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 45 (5): 291-293.

Duxbury, J.M. and Welch, R.M. Agriculture and dietary guidelines. Food Policy. 1999. 24 (2/3): 197-209.

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Peter R. Hobbs

609 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853 (phone 607-254-7295; fax: 607-255-2644; email ph14@cornell.edu

Education:

1. PhD from Cornell University, 1969-1972. Major Crop in Physiology and minor in Plant Breeding. Major Professor Ralph Obendorf.

2. MSc from Kansas State University, 1967-1969. Major in Crop physiology and minor in biochemistry. Major Professor Gary Paulsen

3. BSc (hons) from Reading University in the UK, 1964-1967. Major in Agricultural Botany. Major Advisor Professor Hugh Bunting.

Employment: 1. July 2003 onwards adjunct Professor at Cornell University – half time appointment with mainly

teaching and advising responsibilities. Teaches around 150 students every year in various aspects of cropping systems and International Agriculture.

2. October 2002 – July 2003 – Sabbatical leave at Cornell 3. 1997 – July 2003 – CIMMYT Representative and wheat agronomist for South Asia based in

Kathmandu, Nepal. Also co-Facilitator Rice-Wheat Consortium for South Asia since January 1999. 4. 1988 – 1997 – CIMMYT regional wheat agronomist for South Asia based in Kathmandu, Nepal 5. 1982 -- 1988 – CIMMYT wheat agronomist based in Islamabad, Pakistan. 6. 1980 – 1982 – CIMMYT wheat agronomist at base in Mexico 7. 1974 – 1980 – IRRI rice cropping systems agronomist based in Dhaka Bangladesh 8. 1972 – 1974 – Canadian Peace Corp Volunteer in Chiangmai University, Thailand associated with a

Ford Foundation Project Synergistic Activities

1) Has worked with national programs in developing countries for 30 years as a catalyst to improve research efficiency and to help the introduction of new innovative technology to farmers in South Asia that improved their livelihoods and reduced environmental impacts. This included planning, implementation of research and extension of innovations to farmers.

2) As a co-facilitator of the rice-wheat consortium (a CGIAR eco-regional program) from 1994 worked to build this successful partnership of national programs, international research centers and advanced institutions that was awarded the “Best Partnership Award of the CGIAR” in 2000 and the King Baudouin Award in 2004.

3) Worked with South Asian researchers, farmers and machinery manufacturers to research, test and scale up the adoption of zero-till establishment of wheat after rice that now covers 2 million hectares in South Asia and provides farmer higher incomes and yields with less costs.

4) Worked with national program scientists in South Asia to do effective farmer participatory assessment of their needs that helped identify research needs for the future.

5) Improved the tropical cropping systems course at Cornell that encourages various electronic tools (brochures, web pages, internet and library searches and powerpoint) in student outputs and encourages them to seek information and summarize their findings in concise reports and web pages.

Recent consulting activities

1. Member of a team hired by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Sri Lanka to assess the many proposals sent to them under the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water. Sri Lanka from

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May 2 to 15, 2003. The objective was to narrow down the 300+ proposals to a manageable number for funding consideration.

2. Member of three week FAO missions to Tibet in 2004 and 2005 to assess the feasibility of double cropping with cereals and fodder crops in the intensive Lhasa valley irrigated systems of Tibet. Trips were taken from May 15 to June 5, 2004 and again from July 14 to August 6. The objective of this project was to improve the production of good quality fodder for the important animal component of the local farming systems.

3. Chairman of a team to assess the balance of the International Rice Research Institutes (IRRI, Philippines) core and outreach activities in relation to their strategic plan. This was done from September 24 to October 9, 2004 in the Philippines.

4. Short term reviewer for World Bank on their new concept note for a new post NATP project in India to agricultural research and innovation in India.

5. Consulted with JDA in Afghanistan on cropping systems and conservation agriculture possibilities in a DFID opium replacement project. We held training programs and workshops with other Afghan programs during 2 trips to Afghanistan.

6. Also worked with GPFA in Afghanistan on a USAID funded agro-forestry and poplar woodlot project giving training on agroforestry.

7. Recently been involved with World Concern in Haiti advising them on cropping systems and possible use of appropriate mechanization in Les Cayes area.

Awards: In 2000, I was made an Adjunct Professor at Cornell in the CSS department Nominated as a Fellow of the Indian Society of Agricultural Sciences in 2002 Made a Fellow of the Indian Weed Science Society in 2002. Member of the Agronomy Society of America Award from the CG for the best CG partnership in 2000 for the activities in the RWC (Rice-Wheat Consortium) RWC received the King Baudouin award in 2004 for its work in South Asia. Received several awards from India (HAU, PAU, GPUAT and RAU), Pakistan (OFWM, NARC, PARC), Nepal (NARC, MOA) and Bangladesh (BRRI, BARI) for the many years I spent helping NARS in South Asia.

Publications

A list of publications that are the result of these various projects is available on request from this CV. Many of these publications are the result of the work of the national program scientists and my job was to help them put their data into a printed format for distribution in the region so other regional scientists could see what research was being done. A total of 130+ papers in journals, books, proceedings and other media have been written during my career and can be sent.

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Beth A. Medvecky

33 Warren Hall; Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853

(607) 272-3576; bam44@cornell.edu

EDUCATION Ph.D., Soil and Crop Sciences Cornell University, Ithaca NY 2006 M.S., International Agriculture University of California, Davis 1989 B.A., Liberal Arts Wheaton College, Norton Mass. 1979 ACADEMIC AWARDS 2001-2005 Rockefeller Foundation, African Food Security & Natural Resource

Management Fellowship 2003 Rockefeller Foundation Dissertation Research Award 1985-1989 Steering Committee for Sustainable Agriculture Grant RESEARCH AND WORK EXPERIENCE

o Assistant Director and Research Associate, Cornell International Institute for Food,

Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD), Ithaca, NY, October 2006- present o Post-doctoral Research Associate, McKnight Foundation Crop Collaborative

Research Program, Ithaca, NY, April 2006-October 2006. o Consultant, McKnight Foundation Crop Collaborative Research Program, Ithaca,

NY, November 2005-April 2006 o Adaptive Research Coordinator, Environmental Action Team (EAT) / MHAC,

Kenya, 1992-2001 o Research Associate, Statewide Integrated Pest Management Implementation

Group, University of California, Davis 1991 o IPM Training Program Coordinator, International Training and Education Center,

University Extension, University of California Davis, 1989-1990 o Horticulture Trainer, Farm & Garden Project, University of California, Santa Cruz,

1983-84 o Horticulture Volunteer, United States Peace Corps, Kenya, 1979-1983

PUBLICATIONS

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Medvecky, B.A., Ketterings, Q.M, Nelson, E.B., 2007. Relationships among soil-borne bean seedling disease, Lablab purpureus L., bean insect pests, and soil characteristics in Trans Nzoia district, Kenya. App. Soil Ecol. 35(1):107-119.

Medvecky, B.A., Ketterings, Q.M, Vermeylen, F.M., 2006. Bean seedling damage by

root-feeding grubs (Schizonycha spp.) in Kenya as influenced by planting time, variety, and crop residue management. App. Soil Ecol. 34(2/3): 240-249.

Kirungu, B.A.M., Kasiti, J., Dyck, E.A., Shiundu, P., 2000. Screening of potential soil-

improving legumes for use in the maize-based cropping systems of Trans Nzoia district, Kenya. In: Mureithi, J.G., Mwendia, C.W, Muyekho, F.N., Onyango, M.A., Maobe, S.N. (Eds.), Participatory Technology Development for Soil Management by Smallholders in Kenya. Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nairobi. pp. 45-62.

Wortmann, C.S., Kirungu, B.A.M., 1999. Adoption of soil improving and forage

legumes by smallholder farmers in Africa. In: Stur, W.W., Horne, P.M, Hacker, J.P., Kerridge, P.C. (Eds.), Working with farmers: the key to adoption of forage technologies. Mindano, Philippines, ACIAR, Canberra. pp.140-148.

Medvecky, B.A., Zalom, F.G., Williams, W.A., 1992. Traps and lures for a pheromone-

based monitoring system for the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Kenya. Trop. Pest Mgmt. 38(1): 70-74

Medvecky, B.A., Zalom, F.G., 1992. Conventional and alternative insecticides,

including a granular formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, for control of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Kenya. Trop. Pest Mgmt. 38(2): 186-189.

Language Skills Kiswahili: intermediate spoken and written

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James W. Muthomi

Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi

P. O. Box 30197 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya.

E-mail: james_wanjohi@yahoo.com; Cell phone. 0722-984179

CURRENT POSITION: Lecturer, Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection,

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

Education

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Crop protection, 2001: University of Nairobi

Master of Science (MSc) in Plant Pathology, 1993, University of Nairobi

Bachelor of Science (BSc.) in Agriculture (General), 1990, University of Nairobi

Sample Research Publications 1. Muthomi, J. W., P. E. Otieno, G. N. Chemining’wa, J. H. Nderitu and J. M. Wagacha.

2007. Effect of legume root rot pathogens and fungicide seed treatment on nodulation and

biomass accumulation. Journal of Biological Sciences 7: 1163-1170.

2. Muthomi, J. W., G. M. Riungu, J. K. Ndung’u, R. D. Narla, J. K. Gathumbi and J. M.

Wagacha. 2008. Head blight of wheat in Kenya and contamination of grain with mycotoxin

producing Fusarium species. Journal of Plant Sciences 3 (1): 52-60.

3. Muthomi, J. W., Ndung’u, J. K., Chemining’wa, G. N. and Wagacha, J. M. 2007. Reaction

of some Kenyan wheat cultivars to head blight after inoculation with Fusarium

graminearum. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 6 (4): 585-591.

4. Chemining’wa, G. N., J. W. Muthomi, J. G. Mureithi and C. K. Gachene. 2007. Effect of

rhizobia inoculation and starter-N fertilizer on nodulation and shoot biomass of leguminous

cover crops. Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 3 (2):164-169.

5. Muthomi, J. W., Otieno, P. E., Chemining’wa, G. N. and Nderitu, J. H. 2007. Effect of

chemical pesticide spray on insect pests, foliar fungal diseases and yield of food grain

legumes. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings 8: 981-986.

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6. Otieno, P. E., Muthomi, J. W., Chemining’wa, G. N. and Nderitu, J. H. 2007. Effect of

rhizobia inoculation, farm yard manure and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, nodulation and

yield of selected food grain legumes. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings 8: 305-

312.

7. Theuri, S. W. M., G. N. Chemining’wa and J. W. Muthomi. 2006. The abundance of

indigenous rhizobia nodulating cowpea and common bean in central Kenyan soils. 10th

KARI Biennial Scientific Conference, 113-17 November 2006, Nairobi, Kenya.

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Samuel Mutuku Mwonga Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils Egerton University

P.O. Box 536 Egerton 20115, Kenya. Tel: +254 733 825657

Email: smwonga@yahoo.com Education Ph.D. (Soil Science): Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1991. Thesis title: The effects of trees on soil properties in a semi-arid savanna and the availability of microbial nitrogen in two contrasting soils. M.Sc. (Soil Science): University of Nairobi, Kenya, 1986. Thesis title: The effects of cultivation on physical and chemical properties of three Kenya soils. B.Sc. (Agriculture): McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 1984. Specialized training

o Diploma: Desert Agrobiology. Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research (Nov 1996-Jan 1997). Ben-Gurion University of the Nagev, Israel.

o Training of Trainer: Identifying and Classifying Local Indicators of Soil Quality. March 2001. Arusha, Tanzania.

o Diploma: Professional Capacity Building Programme in Agricultural Research for Development. International Centre for development oriented Research in Agriculture (ICRA). January – June 2005. Wageningen, the Netherlands.

o Diploma: Advanced Course on Quality and Safety of Horticultural Crops. Nanjing Agricultural University. September 2006. Nanjing China.

Scholarships • BSc: Government of Kenya, Ministry of Education Scholarship. MSc: DAAD Scholarship. Ph.D: Cornell University/National Science Fund Research Assistantship. Work Experience Primary duties involve teaching in both undergraduate and post-graduate programmes, formulation of departmental research projects, examination and curriculum development. Other duties include supervising postgraduate student’s research, thesis work and examination, training in crop management research and related topics in Natural Resource Management and development of training materials.

o Chair, Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils. May 2006 to present

o Crop Management Research Trainer with the CMRT (KARI-EU-CIMMYT project) at Egerton University, 1999 – 2006.

o Faculty of Agriculture representative to the University Senate, 2002-2004.

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o Faculty of Agriculture representative to the Board of Undergraduate Studies, 2004.

o Soil Science lecturer in the Department of Agronomy/Soil Science, 1992 – present. Senior Lecturer since 1995.

o Departmental Examination Officer, 1995-1998 and 2003-2004.

Representative Publications and Research Cheruiyot E.K., L.M. Mumera, L.N. Nakhone and S.M. Mwonga 2001. Rotational Effects of Grain Legumes on Maize Performance in the Rift Valley Highlands of Kenya. African Crop Science Journal. 9(4): 667-676. Cheruiyot E.K., L.M. Mumera, L.N. Nakhone, and S.M. Mwonga. 2003. Effect of legume-managed fallow on weeds and soil nitrogen in following maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops in the Rift Valley highlands of Kenya. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 43:597-604. Masinde, J.K., J. Ahenda, S.M. Mwonga, L.M. Mumera and L. Nakhone. 2006. Evaluation of germination capacities of selected forage legume seeds from the Kenyan Highlands. Egerton Journal. 6:103-116. Cheruiyot, E.K, S.M. Mwonga, L.M. Mumera, I.M. Tabu, J.K. Macharia and J. K. Ngugi. 2007. Rapid decay of dolichos (lab lab purpureus L. Sweet) residue leads to loss of nitrogen benefit to succeeding maize (Zea mays L.). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. Vol. 47 (8) (in press) Research Interests Present research interests include management of soil fertility in low-input cropping systems. Improvement of maize and wheat production using legume-cereal cropping sequencing.

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John H. Nderitu

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE AND CROP PROTECTION

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

P.O. BOX 30197

Nairobi Kenya

POSITION HELD: Associate Professor, Agricultural Entomology, Department of Plant Science

and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Kenya

EDUCATION:

1. PhD., 1990, Agricultural Entomology, University of Dar-es-salaam

2. MSc., 1984, Agricultural Entomology, University of Nairobi

3. Bachelor of Education (BEd.), Botany and Zoology. University of Nairobi

REPRESENTATIVE PUBLICATIONS:

1. Nderitu, J. H., Wambua, E. M., Olubayo, F., Kasina, J. M. and Waturu, C. W. 2007.

Management of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) infestation on French beans (Phaseolus

vulgaris L.) in Kenya by combination of insecticides and varietal resistance. Journal of

Entomology 4(6):469-473.

2. Nderitu, J. H., Wambua, E. M., Olubayo, F., Kasina, J. M. and Waturu, C. W. 2007.

Evaluation of French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and breeding lines for

resistance to thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) pests in Kenya. Journal of Entomology

4(3):202-209.

3. Muthomi, J. W., P. E. Otieno, G. N. Chemining’wa, J. H. Nderitu and J. M. Wagacha.

2007. Effect of legume root rot pathogens and fungicide seed treatment on nodulation and

biomass accumulation. Journal of Biological Sciences 7: 1163-1170.

4. Kasina, J., Nderitu, J., Nyamasyo, G., Olubayo, F., and Waturu, C., Obudho, E. and

Yobera, D. 2006. Evaluation of companion crops for thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

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management on French bean, Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae). International Journal of

Tropical Science 26(2):121-125.

5. Muthomi, J. W., Otieno, P. E., Chemining’wa, G. N. and Nderitu, J. H. 2007. Effect of

chemical pesticide spray on insect pests, foliar fungal diseases and yield of food grain

legumes. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings 8: 981-986.

6. Otieno, P. E., Muthomi, J. W., Chemining’wa, G. N. and Nderitu, J. H. 2007. Effect of

rhizobia inoculation, farm yard manure and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, nodulation

and yield of selected food grain legumes. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings

8: 305-312.

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Martins Odendo Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI, P.O. Box 169, Kakamega, Kenya

Office: Tel/Fax +254 56 30031/9 Mobile: +254 (0) 733 88 35 94 E-Mail: Odendos@yahoo.com

Current position: Senior Research Officer (Socio-economics), Kenya Agricultural Research Institute. Education: M. Phil. Environmental Economics. Thesis title: Economic analysis of Soil Conservation on Smallholder Farms of Vihiga Division, Western Kenya. Moi University, Kenya, 1998. Representative publications Odendo, M. , Ojiem, J.,. Bationo, A. and. Mudeheri, M. (2006). On-farm evaluation and scaling-up of soil fertility management technologies in western Kenya. Nutrient Cycling and Agro-Ecosystem 76:369–381 Odendo M., Ojiem J., and Okwuosa E. 2004. Potential for Adoption of Legume Green Manure on Smallholder Farms in Western Kenya.. In: Bationo, A. (ed). Managing Nutrient Cycles to Sustain Soil fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Academy Science Publishers. Nairobi. Pp 557-570. Odendo,M. A. Bationo and S. Kimani.2004. Socio- economic Contribution of Legumes to Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. TSBF/AfNet Publication (in press) Odendo M, David S., Kalyebara R., Otsyula R. and Buruchara R. 2004. The Key Role of Beans In Alleviating Poverty And Food Security: Lessons From The Impacts Of Improved Bean Varieties In Western Kenya, Occasional Publication Series, No. ___, CIAT-PABRA, Kampala, Uganda. Conferences, Symposiums and workshops Odendo, M. and B. Salasya.2004. Economic Analysis of Adoption of Fertilizers and Improved Maize Seeds in Smallholder Farms in Khwisero Division, Western Kenya. In: Msaky, J.J.T., Msumali, G.P. and Rwehumbiza, F.B.R. (ed). Soil Science Research and Technologies for Sustainable Food Security. Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Soil Science Society of East Africa (SSSEA) Moshi, Tanzania, December 2-7,2001. Pp. 249-257. Odendo, M., S. David and R. Otsyula. 2004.Improved Bean Varieties Make A Difference in Western Kenya: An Impact Analysis. In: Proceedings the 8th of KARI Biennial conference, 10-15 November 2002. Pp.378-383. Odendo, M., J. Ojiem and E. Okwuosa. 2003. Scaling-Up Green Manure Technologies for Soil Fertility Management in Western Kenya: Application of Farmer Field School. Paper Presented at the 20th Conference of the Soil Science Society of East Africa, Eldoret, Kenya, December, 1-5, 2003. pp.453-458.

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Odendo, M, O.M. Odongo, F.A. Musanga and J.O. Ojiem. 2003 . Socio-Economic Dimensions of Integrated Striga Control in Maize Through use of Tolerant Varieties and Soil Fertility Improvement in Western Kenya. In: Tenywa, J.S., Tenya, M.M., Bekunda, M.A., and Taulya, G.(ed). Integrating Efforts for Advancing Soil Science and Management of Improved Agriculture and People’s Livelihoods. Proceedings of the 20th Conference of the Soil Science Society of East Africa, Mt. Elgon Hotel, Mbale, Uganda, December, 2-6, 2002. pp.95-100. David, S., Odendo, M. and Otsyula, R.2002. The Impact of Root Rot Resistant Bush and Climbing Bean Varieties on Household Livelihoods in Western Kenya. Paper Presented at a Conference titled: ”Biotechnology, Breeding and Seed Systems for African Crops: Research and Product Development that Reaches Farmers”, held at Royal Botanical Beach Hotel Entebbe, Uganda, 4-7, November 2002. Odendo, M., David, S. and R.M. Otsyula .2005. Impact of Root Rot Resistant Bean Varieties in Western Kenya: Application of Impact Diagramming. In: Proceedings of Pan –African Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) Millennium Workshop on Bean Research and Development in Africa Over the Last Decade, Novotel Mount Meru Hotel, Arusha, Tanzania, May 28 - June 1, 2001. PABRA, ECABREN and SABREN. pp.141-146. Odendo, M., David, S. and R.M. Otsyula. .2001. Participatory Impact Assessment of Root Rot Resistant Varieties in Smallholder Farming Systems of Western Kenya. In: paper presented to the 8th Southern and Eastern Africa Association of Farming Systems Research and Extension Conference (SEAAFRE). KARI Headquarters, Nairobi, August 20 - 23, 2001. SEAAFRE (In Press). Odendo, M., J.K. Barakutwo., N; Gitari, J., M. Kamidi., B. Kirungu; E.N. Lunzalu;J.G.Mureithi, C.O. Nekesa, J. Ojiem; M. Okumu, E. Okwuosa R. Onyango; and H..M. Saha. 2000. Potential for Adoption of Green Manure Legumes for Soil Fertility Management in Kenya. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference of the Soil Management Project (SMP) and Legume Research Network Project (LRNP). Mombasa, Kenya, June 26 - 30, 2000. SMP and LRNP. Pp 403-411. Ojiem, J.O. and M. Odendo.1997. Farmers' Perceptions of Spatial Heterogeneity and its Influence on Soil Management in Small-scale Farms in Western Kenya. In: Proceedings of the 4th Biennial African Crop Science Conference (ACSC), Pretoria, South Africa, 3 - 17 January 1997. Vol. 3. Pp. 283 - 287.

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John Robert Okalebo Tel: 254 – 053 – 63257; Cell phone: 254 – 0727 – 819 – 023

Fax: 254 – 053 – 63257; Email: rokalebo@yahoo.com EDUCATION B.Sc., (Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics), University of East Africa, 1966, Nairobi, Kenya. M.Sc., (Spectroscopy), Manchester University, U.K. M.Sc (Soil Science), Mc. Gill University, Canada Ph.D., (Soil Science), University of Nairobi, Kenya EMPLOYMENT 1. Associate Professor, Soil Scientist, Moi University, Eldoret,

Kenya (1995 – date – current Head of Department) 2. Senior Research Officer, KARI, Muguga, 1973 – 1995, also

Head of Soil Chemistry Division 3. Research Officer/Senior Research Officer – East African

Community 1967 – 1977. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

- Full Professor of Soil Science, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya. - 2002 to date: Head of Department and Soil Testing Laboratory, Moi University - 1973 – 1977: Head of Soil Chemistry Laboratory, KARI, Muguga. - 1973 to date: Research and teaching missions in: soil chemistry, fertility and plant

nutrition; but with emphasis on nutrition of phosphorus in cereals and legumes in the East African region.

- I have a teaching experience of 2 years at Kenya Medical Training Institute, Nairobi, Kenya and the past 12 years to date, teaching undergraduate and postgraduate students at Moi University, including external examining duty for East African, South African and U. K. Universities.

DISTINCTIONS

- Recipient of the Ugandan Government, ODM/UK, GTZ (Germany), CIDA (Canada) scholarships towards university education.

- Recipient of “Man of the Year, 2005” Award from the American Association of Biological Sciences.

- Recipient of 5 certificates form the Soil Science Society of East Africa (2002 – 2004) as one of the founder members of this society and excellent services to it, including “best” paper presenter at their Annual Conference in 2004.

- Council member of the African Crop Science Society. - Head, Department of Soil Science, Moi University from 2002 to date. - Won grants/sponsorships to attend International Conferences in Canada, Brazil, Mexico,

France, Bangkok, Japan, South Africa, Morocco, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. OTHER FUNCTIONS

- Member of the Soil Science Society of East Africa (32 years). - Member of the African Crop Science Society (15 years). - Member of the International Union of Soil Science (6 years) - Member of Aloe Vera Growing association, Uganda (3 years)

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- Member of the editorial committee of the East African Agriculture and Forestry Journal (KARI) (18 years).

- Member of the editorial committee of the African Crop Science Journal (5 years). - Member of the VLIR (Belgium) Project for Moi University (one year so far). - Member of the Senate Committee for Graduate Studies, Research and Extension (8 years),

Moi University. THESIS TUTORIAL

- M. Phil/M. Sc. theses, 30 from 1995 to date - D. Phil/Ph.D. theses, 10 from 1997 to date.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

- 184 publications in review with a reading committee, 66 as first author, 116 presentations in international conferences.

THE TEN MOST IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS

1. Woomer, P. L., Okalebo, J. R., Maritim, H. K., Obura, P. A., Mwaura, F. M., Nekesa, P., and E. J. Mukhwana (2003). PREP-PAC: A nutrient replenishment product for smallholders in western Kenya. Agriculture Ecosystems, and Environment 100, 295 – 303.

2. Okalebo, J. R., (2003). Inorganic resource management for sustainable soil productivity. E. Afr. Agri. For. J. 69, 119, 129.

3. Waigwa, M. W., Othieno, C. O., and J. R., Okalebo, (2003). Phosphorus availability as affected by the application of phosphate rock combined with organic materials to acid soils in western Kenya. Expl. Agric. 39, 395 – 407.

4. Nekesa, P, Maritim, H. K., Okalebo, J. R., and P. L., Woomer, (1999). Economic analysis of maize-bean production using a soil fertility replenishment product (PREP-PAC) in western Kenya. African Crop Sci. J. 7, 585 – 590.

5. Okalebo, J. R., Palm, C. A., Gichuru, M., Owuor, J. O., Othieno, C. O., Munyampundu, A., Muasya, R. M., and P. L., Woomer, (1999). Use of wheat straw, soybean trash and nitrogen fertilizer for maize production tin the Kenya highlands. African Crop Sci. J. 7, 423 – 432.

6. Mutuo, P., Smithson, P. C., Buresh, R. J., and J. R. Okalebo, (1999). Comparison of phosphate rock and triplesuperphosphate on a phosphate deficient Kenyan soil. Comm. Soil Sci and Plant Anal. 30, 1091 – 1103.

7. Shepherd, K. D., Ohlsson, E., Okalebo, J. R., and J. K., Ndufa 1996). Potential impact of agrofrestry on soil nutrient balances at the farm scale in the East African highlands. Fertilizer Research 44, 87 – 99.

8. Okalebo, J. R., Probert, M. E., and J. K., Lekasi, (1991). The effect of placement of phosphate fertilizer on the responsiveness of maize in eastern Kenya. Tropical Agric. (Trinidad), 71, 226 – 231.

9. Okalebo, J. R., Keter, J. K. A., and H. Ssali (1989). Sorghum responses to N and P fertilizer in four semi-arid sites of Machakos and Kitui districts, Kenya. E. Afri agric. For. J. 54, 131 – 145.

10. Okalebo, J. R., (1985). A simple wet ashing technique of P, K, Ca and Mg analysis of plant tissue in a single digest. Kenya J. Sci. Technol. (B) 6, 129 – 133.

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Alice N. Pell 31 Warren Hall

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850

607-255-0157 (phone); 607-255-1005 (fax)

ap19@cornell.edu EDUCATION Harvard University Architectural Science A.B.,1972 Harvard Graduate School of Education Education Ed.M., 1973 University of Vermont Animal Nutrition M.S., 1982 University of Vermont Animal Nutrition Ph.D., 1984 APPOINTMENTS 2005-Present Director, Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development 1998-Present Professor, Animal Science, Cornell University. 1990-1998 Associate Professor, Animal Science, Cornell University. 1986-1990 Assistant Professor, Animal Science, University of Vermont SAMPLE PUBLICATIONS Liu, J., T. Dietz, S. Carpenter, M. Alberti, C. Folke, E. Moran, A. Pell, P. Deadman, T.

Kratz,, J. Lubchenco, E. Ostrom, Z. Ouyang, W. Provencher, C.L. Redman, S. Schneider & W. Taylor. 2007. Complexity of coupled human and natural systems. Science 317:1513-1516

Pell, A. 2006. Animals as part of soil systems. In: Biological Approaches to

Sustainable Soil Systems. Eds. Uphoff, N., A. Ball, E. Fernandes, H. Herren, O. Husson, M. Laing, C. Palm, J. Pretty, P. Sanchez, N. Sanginga & J. Thies. CRC Press, pp. 241-253.

Weiss, W. & A. Pell. 2006. Laboratory Methods for Evaluating Forage Quality. In: The

Science of Grassland Agriculture, Vol. 2. 6th Ed,. Eds. Barnes, R., K. Moore, C. Nelson, M. Collins. Iowa State Press, .

Frey, J., A.Pell & E.Angert. 2006. Assessment of biases associated with profiling

simple, model communities using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based community analyses. J. Microbiol. Meth. 67/1:9-19.

Fernandes, E., A. Pell, & N. Uphoff. 2002. Rethinking agriculture for new opportunities. In:

Agroecological Innovations: Increasing Food Production with Participatory Development, pp. 21-39. Ed. N. Uphoff, Earthscan Books, London.

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Frey, J., J. Rothman, A. Pell, J. Nizeyi, M. Cranfield & E. Angert. 2006. Fecal bacterial diversity in a wild gorilla (Gorilla beringei). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:3788-3792.

Rothman, J., P. Van Soest & A. Pell. 2006. Decaying wood is a sodium source for

mountain gorillas. Biol. Lett. 2:321-324. Rothman, J., E. Dierenfeld, D. Molina, A. Shaw, H. Hintz & A. Pell. 2006. Nutritional

chemistry of foods eaten by gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Am. J. Primatol. (68:1-17).

Molina, D.O., I. Matamoros, Z. Almeida, L. Tedeschi and A. Pell. 2004. Evaluation of

the DMI predictions of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model with Holstein and dual-purpose lactating cattle in the tropics. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 114:261-278.

Cannas, A, P. Van Soest & A. Pell. 2003. Use of animal and dietary information to predict rumen turnover. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 106:95-117.

SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES Extraordinary (Adjunct) Professor: U Free State, S. Africa, 2005-Present; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Award for Faculty Excellence for Promoting Cultural Diversity, Cornell, 2005; Member: National Academy Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee to Study Technologies to Benefit Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, Gates Foundation 2007-8; International Commission on Education for Development Policy and Practice, MacArthur Foundation, 2007-Present; Principal Investigator: USAID project for forestry development in Afghanistan.

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Rebecca J. Stoltzfus Education Goshen College Chemistry B.A., 1984 Cornell University Human Nutrition M.S., 1988 Cornell University Human Nutrition Ph.D., 1992 Research and Professional Experience 1992-98 Assistant Professor, Department of International Health, Center for

Human Nutrition, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD

1998-2004 Associate Professor (on leave of absence from 2002-2004), Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD

2002-2005 Associate Professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

2004-present Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD

2005-present Professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY Other Experience and Professional Memberships 1996-2002 Director, WHO Collaborating Center for Research on Intestinal

Parasites and Human Nutrition 1998-present Society for International Nutrition Research, now the International

Nutrition Council of the American Society for Nutritional Sciences (Member of Executive Committee, 1998-2004; President, 2004-2006, Past President, 2006-07)

2000-present Technical Advisor, World Health Organization Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Program

2000-2005 International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group Steering Committee Member

2002-present SUSTAIN iron fortification project, member of technical advisory group

2003-2005 US National Committee to the International Union of Nutritional Sciences, member representing the American Society of Nutritional Sciences

2005-present Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences 2006-present GAIN Independent Review Panel Honors and Awards 1987-89, 91-92 National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship 1992 Young Investigator Award, International Society for Research on

Human Milk and Lactation 1999 Future Leader in Nutrition Award of ILSI, N.A. 2005 Norman Kretchmer Award for research in nutrition and development

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Selected Peer-Reviewed Publications (selected from 81 peer-reviewed publications) 1. Stoltzfus RJ. Rethinking global anaemia surveillance. Lancet 1997; 349:1764-

1766. 2. Stoltzfus RJ, Albonico M, Chwaya HN, Tielsch, JM, Schulze KJ, Savioli L. Effects

of the Zanzibar school-based deworming program on iron status of children. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:179-186.

3. Miller MF, Stoltzfus RJ, Mbuya NV, Malaba LC, Illiff PJ, Humphrey JH, Zvitambo Study Group. Total body iron in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Zimbabwean newborns strongly predicts anemia throughout infancy and is predicted by maternal hemoglobin concentration. J Nutr 2003;133: 3461-3468.

4. Mebrahtu T, Stoltzfus RJ, Chwaya HM, Jape JK, Savioli L, Montresor A, Albonico M, Tielsch JM. Low-dose daily iron supplementation for 12 mo does not increase prevalence of malarial infection or parasite density in young Zanzibari children. J Nutr 2004 Nov;134:3037-3041.

5. Cusick SE, Tielsch JM, Ramsan M, Jape JK, Sazawal S, Black RE, Stoltzfus RJ. Short-term effects of vitamin A and antimalarial treatment on erythropoietin concentrations in severely anemic Zanzibari preschool children. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:406-12.

6. Kordas K, Stoltzfus RJ, Lopez P, Alatorre Rico J, Rosado JL. Iron and/or zinc supplementation does not improve parent or teacher ratings of behavior in first grade Mexican school children exposed to lead. J Ped 2005;147:632-639.

7. Sazawal S, Black RE, Ramsan M, Chwaya HM, Stoltzfus RJ, Dutta A, Dhingra U, Kabole I, Deb S, Mashavi K, Othman MK, Kabole FM. Effect of routine prophylactic iron and folic acid supplementation on hospitalizations and mortality in preschool children: A household-randomized placebo-controlled trial in a high malaria transmission setting. Lancet 2006;367:133-143..

8. Alatorre Rico J, Kordas K, Lopez P, Rosado JL, Garcia Vargas G, Cebrian ME, Stoltzfus RJ. The efficacy of iron and/or zinc supplementation on cognitive performance of lead-exposed Mexican school children: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 2006; 117:518-527.

9. Miller MF, Stoltzfus RJ, Iliff PF, Malaba LC, Mbuya NV, the ZVITAMBO study group, Humphrey JH. Impact of maternal and neonatal vitamin A supplementation and other postnatal factors on anemia in Zimbabwean babies: a prospective randomized study. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:212-222.

10. Rosado JL, Lopez P, Kordas K, Garcia G, Ronquillo D, Alatorre J, Stoltzfus RJ. Iron or zinc supplementation did not reduce blood lead concentrations in children. Results of a randomized placebo controlled trial. J Nutr 2006;136:2378-2383.

11. Olney D, Pollitt E, Kariger P, Khalfan S, Ali N, Tielsch J. Sazawal S, Black R, Allen LH, Stoltzfus RJ. Iron supplementation with or without zinc reduces time to walking unassisted among Zanzibari infants 5-11 months old. J Nutr 2006;136:2427-2434.

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Letters of Willingness

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Plan for Leveraging Additional Resources

Cornell co-PIs Medvecky, Pell, Hobbs and Barrett currently work on the following research projects that are based in Kenya or Zambia. Funding for International Travel from these projects will facilitate the participation of these PIs in our proposed project. The farmer capacity and marketing skill pilot will provide additional value chain linkages with this project.

Title Donor Funding Level Project Dates Biocomplexity Initiative National Science

Foundation $1.6 million July 2002-Aug. 2008

SANREM CRSP-Developing a participatory socioeconomic model for food security, improved rural livelihoods, watershed management and biodiversity conservation in Southern Africa

USAID $1.12 million Dec. 2005-Sept. 2009

Global Livestock CRSP- Improving pastoral risk management in East African rangelands

USAID $390,000 Jan. 2008-Dec. 2011

Building farmer’s capacity and marketing skills for pulse crops (pilot)

Private Anon. donor $52,000 May 2008-April 2009

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