Dry Lab Safety Manual - Office of Risk Management

uOttawa Project Health and Safety Checklist v1 – June 2015

uOttawa.ca

Office of Risk Management

Dry Lab Safety Manual

A Reference for Personnel Working in Industrial Settings

1 uOttawa – Office of Risk Management Dry Lab Safety Manual v1 – May 2016

Contents Key Contact Numbers .......................................................................................................................... 4 Emergency Procedures ........................................................................................................................ 5

Accident / Incident Reporting Procedure ......................................................................................... 5 Major Fire Emergencies ................................................................................................................... 5 Small Fire Emergencies .................................................................................................................... 6 Chemical Spills ................................................................................................................................. 6 First Aid ........................................................................................................................................... 7

General Workshop Safety Guidelines .................................................................................................. 8 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 11

1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Application ......................................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Objectives........................................................................................................................... 11

2 Definitions ................................................................................................................................. 12 2.1 What is a “Dry Lab”? .......................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Responsibilities .................................................................................................................. 14

2.3.1 Dean ........................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Department Chair ....................................................................................................... 15 2.3.3 Supervisors ................................................................................................................. 15 2.3.4 Principal Investigators ................................................................................................. 15 2.3.5 Workshop Technical Officer ........................................................................................ 16 2.3.6 Workers....................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.7 Graduate Students / Students ..................................................................................... 16

2.4 Training Requirements ........................................................................................................ 16 2.4.1 Training ....................................................................................................................... 16 2.4.2 Key Control ................................................................................................................. 17

2.5 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ................................................................................. 18 2.5.1 Safety Symbols ............................................................................................................ 18 2.5.2 Personal Protective Equipment ................................................................................... 19 2.5.3 Personal Protective Equipment Policies ...................................................................... 23

2.6 Safety Check ....................................................................................................................... 24 3 Project Hazard Assessment ........................................................................................................ 24 4 Housekeeping ............................................................................................................................ 25


5 After Hours Policy ...................................................................................................................... 25 6 Accidents/Incidents ................................................................................................................... 25

6.1 Reporting ............................................................................................................................ 25 6.1.1 Accidents .................................................................................................................... 25 6.1.2 Spills ........................................................................................................................ ... 26 6.1.3 Corrective Action ........................................................................................................ 26

6.2 Emergency Response .......................................................................................................... 26 6.2.1 First Aid ....................................................................................................................... 26 6.2.2 Emergency Equipment ................................................................................................ 27 6.2.3 Emergency Situations .................................................................................................. 28

6.3 Storage and Waste Disposal ............................................................................................... 28 6.3.1 Material storage .......................................................................................................... 28 6.3.2 Chemical storage ......................................................................................................... 28 6.3.3 Hazardous Waste ........................................................................................................ 28 Waste Containment ................................................................................................................... 29 Waste Removal .......................................................................................................................... 29 6.3.4 Regular waste ............................................................................................................. 29

6.4 Enforcement ....................................................................................................................... 30 7 General Guidelines for Safe Use of Tools and Equipment........................................................... 31

7.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 31 7.2 General ............................................................................................................................... 31 7.3 Hand Tools .......................................................................................................................... 31

7.3.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 31 7.3.2 Main Hazards and Risks............................................................................................... 31 7.3.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .......................................................................... 32 7.3.4 Safe Work Procedures ................................................................................................. 32 7.3.5 Training ....................................................................................................................... 33

7.4 Portable Power Tools .......................................................................................................... 34 7.4.1 Portable Grinders ........................................................................................................ 34 7.4.2 Portable Drills ............................................................................................................. 37 7.4.3 Portable Belt/Disk Sanders.......................................................................................... 39

7.5 Power Tools ........................................................................................................................ 42 7.5.1 Circular Saws ............................................................................................................... 42 7.5.2 Reciprocating Saw ....................................................................................................... 44 7.5.3 Jigsaw/Sabre Saw ........................................................................................................ 46


7.5.4 Drill Press .................................................................................................................... 49 7.6 Pneumatic Tools ................................................................................................................. 51

7.6.1 General Compressed Air ............................................................................................. 51 7.6.2 Pneumatic Impact Wrench .......................................................................................... 53 7.6.3 Air Chisels/Air Hammer ............................................................................................... 55

7.7 Lifting Devices .................................................................................................................... 56 7.7.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 56 7.7.2 Main Hazards and Risks............................................................................................... 56 7.7.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .......................................................................... 57 7.7.4 Safe Work Procedures ................................................................................................. 57

7.8 MIG Welding Equipment .................................................................................................... 57 7.8.1 Background ................................................................................................................. 57 7.8.2 Main Hazards and Risk ................................................................................................ 59 7.8.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .......................................................................... 59 7.8.4 Safe Work Procedures ................................................................................................. 60 7.8.5 Instruction, Training, and Supervision ......................................................................... 61

7.9 Ladders & Scaffolds ............................................................................................................ 61 7.9.1 Ladders ....................................................................................................................... 61 7.9.2 Scaffolds ..................................................................................................................... 62

7.10 Electrical safety .................................................................................................................. 62 7.10.1 Electrical safety ........................................................................................................... 62 7.10.2 Emergency stop .......................................................................................................... 62 7.10.3 Lockout ....................................................................................................................... 63

7.11 Robots ................................................................................................................................ 63 8 General Guidelines for the Safe Use of Hazardous Materials ..................................................... 63

8.1 Solvents .............................................................................................................................. 63 8.2 Paints and Pigments ........................................................................................................... 64 8.3 Acids and Corrosives .......................................................................................................... 64 8.4 Solid Materials.................................................................................................................... 65 8.5 Photography ....................................................................................................................... 65

9 Resource Links ........................................................................................................................... 66 Appendix 1 – Project Hazard Assessment .......................................................................................... 67 Appendix 2 – Research / Project Owner Form ................................................................................... 71 Appendix 3 – University Safety-Related Services ................................................................................. 1


Key Contact Numbers PROTECTION SERVICES – 613-562-5411 Additional telephone numbers (extensions) Protection Services (General Inquiries) ......................................................................................... 5499 Health and Wellness Office (Human Resources) ............................................................................ 1473 Facilities (Maintenance) ................................................................................................................ 2222 Office of Risk Management (ORM) ................................................................................................ 5892 Hazardous Waste Management ..................................................................................................... 5892 University Info-Campus ................................................................................................................. 5700 Health, Safety and Risk Manager (Science) .................................................................................... 6425 Health, Safety and Risk Manager (Medicine) ................................................................................. 3210 Health, Safety and Risk Manager (Engineering) ............................................................................. 6829 Health, Safety and Risk Manager (All Other Faculties) .................................................................. 2627 Health, Safety and Risk Manager (Facilities) .................................................................................. 6992 Department Telephone Numbers (To be completed by manual owner) Manual Owner ................................................................................................. ___________________ Principal Investigator ........................................................................................ ___________________ Senior Technician ............................................................................................. ___________________ Facility Manager ............................................................................................... ___________________ Hazardous Waste Coordinator .......................................................................... ___________________ Others ......................................................................................................................... ___________________ ......................................................................................................................... ___________________ ......................................................................................................................... ___________________ ......................................................................................................................... ___________________


Emergency Procedures Immediately report all emergencies requiring assistance to Protection Services at ext. 5411 or 613-562-5411. Campus landlines are preferred due to the ability to identify a caller’s location. You must immediately advise Protection Services (ext.5411) in the event of a critical injury1 or a fatality. If first aid treatment is required, report to the first aid station nearest you, or call Protection Services at ext. 5411. Civic authorities (i.e. 911) may also be contacted for assistance; however the 911 dispatcher may not be familiar with the uOttawa property, building addresses or campus vernacular – thereby loosing precious time in emergency situations. Protection Services has intimate knowledge of the University and is able to provide first aid, oxygen therapy and are also equipped with automated external defibrillators (AEDs). Protection Services will also provide civic authorities with an escort to the incident scene while assistance is provided at the incident scene.

Accident / Incident Reporting Procedure All accidents / incidents must be reported using the University of Ottawa Accident, Incident or Occupational Illness Report. This includes:

All accidents, incidents or suspected occupational diseases requiring medical attention and/or loss in working days; and,

Other incidents, including those involving only minor injuries, "close calls" without injury, direct exposure to chemicals, damage to equipment, chemical odours or spills and leaks of hazardous materials.

The Accident, Incident or Occupational Illness Report form is available online and from the Health and Wellness Office at Human Resources (HR). The signed report must be forwarded to the Health and Wellness Office within 24 hours of the occurrence. The Health and Wellness Office is located at Tabaret Hall, Room 017. The report may be mailed via INTRA mail, faxed to 613-562-5206, or emailed to [email protected]. There is no penalty or retribution for submitting a report.

Major Fire Emergencies 1. In the event of a major fire beyond your control, shout "FIRE, FIRE, FIRE" and pull the nearest

fire alarm. 2. Attempt to rescue persons in immediate danger. Do not endanger yourself. 3. Evacuate personnel from the area. Leave fume hoods (where applicable) on. Close, but do not

lock doors.

1 "Critically injured" means an injury of a serious nature that a) places life in jeopardy; b) produces unconsciousness; c) results in substantial loss of blood; d) involves the fracture of a leg or arm but not a finger or toe; e) involves the amputation of a leg, arm, hand or foot but not a finger or toe; f) consists of burns to a major portion of the body; or, g) causes the loss of sight in an eye.

https://web30.uottawa.ca/v3/riskmgmtfrm/aioreport.aspx?lang=en


4. Do not attempt to fight a major fire on your own. 5. Fire extinguishers are to be used to assist you in getting out safely. 6. Call Protection Services at ext. 5411. Provide information on the situation including the location

and details of the occurrence. 7. Remain available in case further information is required.

Small Fire Emergencies 1. Determine if the fire can be fought (fight or flight). 2. Identify an exit 3. Small fires may be fought with appropriate fire extinguishers or suffocated with sand, water or

cover. 4. If the fire escalates, retreat. 5. Ensure fire is properly extinguished by trained personnel. Notify Protection Services, the Facility

Manager, and / or Fire Prevention Coordinator. 6. Remain available in case further information is required. 7. Complete an Accident, Incident or Occupational Illness Report. Forward the report within 24

hours to the Health and Wellness Office.

Chemical Spills Determine if you can safely control the spill. If you can safely clean the spill, do so immediately. If the spill is too large (or unsafe) to handle or if you’re not certain what to do, contact Protection Services at ext. 5411. The fire alarm should only be pulled if the situation is out of control and the building must be evacuated. If chemical enters a floor drain or sink, immediately block the drain (if safe to do so) and contact Protection Services at ext.5411. If hazardous vapours are being generated, which may migrate outside of the localized area, alert people in the area and contact Protection Services at ext. 5411. When reporting a spill to Protection Services, provide exact location(s) and details (such as the type and quantity of material, associated risks, injuries, etc.). The caller must remain available in a safe location in the event that further information is required. If safe to do:

1. Eliminate all ignition sources (burners, hotplates and other sources of ignition) if flammable material is involved. If vapours are potentially flammable or explosive, do not attempt to switch any electrical equipment on or off.

2. Ensure that appropriate personal protective equipment is worn (respiratory protection, gloves, etc.) when cleaning spill.

3. Quickly block or contain size and spread of spill by using appropriate absorbing material (such as sand, vermiculite, inert absorbent, spill pillows, etc.).

4. Evacuate personnel from the area. Prevent others from entering the area by closing doors, posting warning signs, etc.

5. Make sure fume hood (if applicable) is active with sash open to capture or direct flow of gases and vapours.

6. Once spill has been absorbed, place all clean-up material in a sealable, labelled container. The contents will be considered as hazardous waste. A hazardous waste label must be applied to the container.



7. Complete an Accident, Incident or Occupational Illness Report. Forward the report within 24 hours to the Health and Wellness Office.

First Aid In the event of any medical emergency, contact Protection Services at ext. 5411. A basic knowledge of first aid procedures is essential for working anywhere where there is a significant risk of accidents, such as in workshops. This document is intended to minimize the extent of injury following an accident. It is recommended that workshop users enrol in First Aid and Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) training sessions. For more information on these courses, contact your supervisor or the Office of Risk Management at ext. 5892. There are designated individuals in your department or work area with First Aid and/or CPR and AED training. Contact the Office of Risk Management for information or look for the green signage throughout the building. It is recommended that first aid kits be present in each workshop area. Information on obtaining additional kits, or supplies for replenishment of kits, is available through your department. A list of recommended supplies can be obtained from the Office of Risk Management. Initial Assessment in Case of an Accident or Sudden Illness

Assess safety of scene for yourself and the casualty. If required, remove danger or remove casualty from danger (if possible).

Assess cause of accident. Quickly determine how the situation may have occurred, if possible. Is a neck or spinal injury suspected? If so, do not move the casualty if the area is secure.

Instruct casualty to lie still (if conscious). Offer reassurance. Assess the casualty.

o Check consciousness. o Is the airway open? o Is the casualty breathing? o Does the casualty have a pulse? o Is there severe bleeding?

Send for help. Designate someone to go for help and have them return to the scene and report to you. Provide the following information:

o your identity o description of suspected accident circumstances o exact location of emergency o number of casualties / type of injuries / condition of casualty o direct phone number where you can be reached, when applicable.

Chemical Contact with Skin and Burns on Skin Remove contaminated clothing. If the contaminant is in a powdered form, brush it off your clothes and skin (limiting contact with uncontaminated surfaces) as much as possible. Rinse the affected area thoroughly with copious amounts of cool, running water. Use an emergency shower, if necessary. Make certain to rinse the area with running water for a minimum of 15 minutes. Do not apply ointment unless specifically designed for the substances involved. Do not apply water to burns from any metals (such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and aluminium). Seek medical attention, bringing the Safety Data Sheet.


http://orm.uottawa.ca/first-aiders


Chemical Contact with Eyes Proceed to the eyewash immediately and activate water flow. Hold lids apart and flush the eye(s) with copious amounts of running water for a minimum of 15 minutes. If a tap or hose is used, direct water on the bridge of the nose; water will run into the eyes automatically. If necessary, portable eyewash units can be used as an interim wash until the injured party can reach proper facilities. Seek medical attention. Clothing Fires

Stop (where you are) Drop (to the floor) Roll (to smother the flames).

Shout for help. Avoid using fire extinguishers on people, except in extreme emergencies. If you must use a fire extinguisher on a person, do not aim at the face. After the fire has been extinguished, go to the nearest shower or hose and cool the burned areas with water. Seek medical attention. Asphyxiation If safe to do so, remove victim from the area immediately and loosen tight clothing. A person trained in CPR should monitor the victim's airway and vital signs. Seek medical attention. Critical Injuries and Fatality Contact Protection Services at ext. 5411. Describe the emergency and the location. Provide any necessary first aid within your capabilities. Keep victim warm. Do not move victim unless in immediate danger. Remain with injured person until help arrives. Remain available in case further information is required.

General Workshop Safety Guidelines Awareness - Communication

Be familiar with the locations and operation of safety and emergency facilities such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits, spill kits, emergency wash facilities, fire alarm pull stations, telephones, panic buttons and emergency exits.

Be alert to unsafe conditions. Promptly report unsafe conditions and accidents to your supervisor or workshop technician.

Personal protective equipment and proper attire

Wear clothing appropriate for the level of hazard. Lab coats (knee-length; snaps-only), aprons and proper footwear are generally required for work involving chemicals. Gloves and safety glasses or safety goggles must be worn as required by the work being performed.

Refrain from wearing contact lenses when working with hazardous chemicals; if unavoidable, safety goggles can provide a suitable barrier.

Open and / or high-heeled shoes must not be worn in workshops. In some cases, protective footwear may be required.

Long hair must be tied back or otherwise restrained when working with moving equipment open flames or moving machinery.

Remove jewellery when working with moving machinery. Leave protective equipment (aprons, lab coats, gloves, etc.) in the work area prior to leaving the

work area, except when going directly from one workshop to another.


Wash hands and arms with soap and water before leaving the work area. Proper Usage of Workshops

Workshops must be kept clean and free of clutter (chemicals, general clutter, etc.). Smoking, eating, and drinking are not permitted in workshops. Food intended for consumption is not to be stored in workshop refrigerators. Running is not permitted in workshops. Workshop doors are to remain closed; both for purposes of security and for proper air

balancing. Exits, passageways, or access to emergency equipment (i.e. eye wash stations, emergency

showers, fire extinguishers, first aid kits, spill kits and electrical panels) must be kept clear and accessible at all times.

Keep studio areas and work areas clean and organized. You can make efficient use of the space available, provided that it’s clean and organized.

Performing Work Never perform unauthorized work, preparations or experiments. Conduct a pre-experiment risk assessment before beginning work. What are the possible risks

and what are the control measures instituted to mitigate said risks? Refer to Safety Data Sheets (SDS) prior to using a product. Check all equipment for damage prior to setting up equipment. Select a suitable work location. Work processes involving hazardous materials should be

conducted within a properly ventilated location (i.e. canopy hood, paint booth, fume hood, etc.).

Advise other individuals in the work area of certain activities planned or in progress. Do not leave equipment unattended.

o If necessary, post suitable warning signs that includes your name and the direct number where you can be reached in the event of an emergency or problem.

Perform a safety check at the conclusion of work. Make certain that gas, water, electricity, vacuum lines, air and heaters have been turned off.

Never use a broken or defective tool – inform the Technical Officer or your supervisor. Handling of Hazardous Materials

Work with materials only when you know their properties (flammability, reactivity, toxicity, etc.), their interactions with other substances and the associated emergency procedures.

Label reagents and samples according to WHMIS legislation. Maintain an updated inventory of all chemicals stored in your workshop. Stock only what you require. Do not remove chemicals from the workshop without updating your chemical inventory. Store chemicals according to chemical compatibilities. Store chemicals in appropriate locations (i.e. flammable / corrosive storage cabinets). Transport hazardous chemicals (i.e. solvents) and chemical waste in approved bottle carriers or

on special waste carts. Make sure to have chemical containers in appropriate secondary containers.


Never clean equipment in food preparation areas such as kitchens; similarly, do not store your lunch in a workshop kitchen, or store workshop materials in a kitchen refrigerator. This also increases the risk of contaminations.

Clean-up any spills (i.e. oil, hazardous materials, etc.) immediately. Refer to the product’s SDS in advance of working with it.

Never hold brushes or tools in your mouth.

Training Several opportunities exist for health and safety-related training for the University Community; consult the Technical Officer and/or the Office of Risk Management for more information.

https://web47.uottawa.ca/en/lrs/


1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose Safety standards are designed to reduce to an acceptable level the risks inherent in the use of dangerous materials and potentially dangerous procedures or practices. All workshops can be inherently dangerous places; the attitudes and actions of those who work in the laboratory determine their own safety and that of their colleagues and ultimately of the community. Different standards are set for different levels of risk. High levels of risk require more stringent standards than lower levels of risk. Compromises are, therefore, made in setting safety standards so as not to impede research and work operation while keeping the inherent risks to a minimum. Workshop equipment and design has become more sophisticated and safer, but safe and proper utilization still depends on properly trained and genuinely concerned personnel, who are safety conscious at all times. The document supplements the duties of workplace parties, as defined in the Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act. In conjunction with the University’s policy on Occupational Health and Safety (policy 77), workshop users must:

Continually seek to better provide a safe and healthy work and study environment and to prevent occupational injuries and illnesses, and;

Maintain learning and work environments that are free from violence and harassment.

The University’s Internal Responsibility Procedure for Health and Safety Issues further explains the responsibilities of individuals at the University and sets out the University’s accountability framework for health and safety matters. This document is intended to provide overarching rules and procedures for safe practices in University of Ottawa workshops.

1.2 Application This workshop manual applies to all users of the University of Ottawa, including employees, volunteers, students and visitors who conduct work in a dry lab environment. Students and members of faculty and staff are strongly encouraged to strive to exceed the minimum safety policies and standards outlined in this document and to eliminate and reduce risk to the extent reasonably achievable.

1.3 Objectives The recommendations in this document have been formulated to:

Provide a healthy, safe and enriching work, teaching and learning environment for all users of dry lab workspaces;

Clarify the roles and responsibilities of all users of dry labs; Provide general safe work practices for users; Provide general training requirements for all users; Provide additional recommended actions for users in the safe operation of equipment; Provide direction on the University procedures for accident reporting, emergency response, first

aid, etc.

https://www.uottawa.ca/administration-and-governance/policy-77-occupational-health-and-safety

https://www.uottawa.ca/administration-and-governance/procedure-14-1-internal-responsibility-procedure-health-and-safety-issues


Provide support to Faculties and Services in the development, implementation and enforcement of workplace-specific policies and procedures.

2 Definitions

2.1 What is a “Dry Lab”? The material outlined in this document is applicable to all users of dry labs. A dry lab is an area in which traditional laboratory activities are not generally conducted. These spaces may include any of the following (either for academic or support purposes):

Woodworking workshops; Sculpture workshops; Photo media workshops; Theatre workshops; Machine shops; Civil and Mechanical Engineering workshops; Electrical engineering workshops

A dry lab need not be devoid of chemical / biological / radiological hazards; a dry lab simply has non-traditional laboratory hazards. These hazards can still present significant risk to users. This document was therefore created to address these concerns.

2.2 Definitions In order to assist the reader in interpretation of this document, a list of definitions has been provided. These definitions are derived from a variety of sources, including legislative texts, uOttawa internal policies, etc. Applicable health and safety legislation – Those statutes and regulations governing occupational health and safety that apply to the University, such as the Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act and its regulations, or any similar legislation enacted, whether federally or provincially, on health and safety. This may also include industry-accepted best practice and consensus standards (i.e. CSA, NFPA, etc.). University Joint Occupational Health and Safety Committee (UJOHSC) – The committee established by uOttawa to provide a consultative forum for review of the responsibility systems that govern health and safety. Directive or Procedure – University practice, instruction or process to outline specific courses of action or explain how to apply a University policy or applicable health and safety legislation. Internal Responsibility System (IRS) – The University’s accountability framework for occupational health and safety matters (Procedure 14-1). Each person has specific roles and responsibilities. Employer – A person who employs a worker or contracts for the services of a worker, and includes a contractor or subcontractor who performs work or supplies services. Examples of individuals who


may be considered an employer under applicable health and safety legislation are the Deans or Directors, Technical Officers, Lab Supervisors, etc. In most cases, the employer is uOttawa. Supervisor – A person who has charge of a workplace or authority over a worker or another person. A supervisor is any person, academic or non-academic, who provides guidance and/or instruction regarding the activities of another person in the workplace. A supervisor may include the President, Vice-Presidents, Directors, Deans, Managers or Principle Investigators. The determination as to whether a person is a supervisor does not depend on that person’s job title. Worker – A person who performs work or supplies services for monetary compensation. A worker can also be:

A secondary school student who performs work or supplies services for no monetary compensation under a work experience program authorized by the school board that operates the school in which the student is enrolled.

A person who performs work or supplies services for no monetary compensation under a program approved by a college of applied arts and technology, university or other post-secondary institution.

A person who receives training from an employer, but who, under the Employment Standards Act, 2000, is not an employee for the purposes of that Act because the conditions set out in subsection 1 (2) of that Act have been met.

Such other persons as may be prescribed who perform work or supply services to an employer for no monetary compensation.

Student – A person who is registered in a course or program of study at uOttawa who is not receiving remuneration for services nor is participating as part of a placement activity. Contractor – An individual, company or other entity hired by uOttawa to provide services, and includes a constructor as defined in the applicable health and safety legislation. Competent Person – A person who,

Has the knowledge, training and experience to organize and perform the work; Is familiar with the applicable health and safety legislation; and Has knowledge of any potential or actual danger to health & safety

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – The personal devices worn by individual workers in order to protect themselves from hazards. PPE is the last protection option available to a worker. All other control measures must be explored first. Incident – An undesired event resulting in damage (or potential damage) to property, environment or personnel, for example, fire, spill, or breakage of material. Accident – An unexpected event causing injury, illness or even death (see also Critical Injury), or involving exposure to harmful substances.


Occupational illness – A health condition or illness caused by exposure to a workplace health hazard; such as silica, asbestos, noise ,exposure to blood borne pathogens, etc. An illness may not manifest itself for several years following exposure to the hazardous substance. Critical Injury – An injury of a serious nature that:

a) places life in jeopardy b) produces unconsciousness c) results in substantial loss of blood d) involves the fracture of a leg or arm but not a finger or toe e) involves the amputation of a leg, arm, hand or foot but not a finger or toe f) consists of burns to a major portion of the body, or g) causes the loss of sight in an eye

Hazard – the inherent property of a substance, process, or activity that predisposes it to the potential for causing harm (to personnel, property, environment, etc.). Risk – the chance that someone or something will be adversely affected in a particular way by unintended exposure to the hazard. Risk therefore refers to the possibility of danger, rather than actual danger. Acute effect – An acute effect is a reaction that happens immediately or quickly after exposure to a harmful material. The effect is usually obvious. If it is not serious, an acute effect is generally reversed after the cause is removed; however, some acute effects can be very serious. Chronic effect – results from prolonged or repeated exposure to relatively small amounts of a harmful substance. Chronic effects may not appear until months or years after the start of exposure; therefore their cause can be difficult to identify. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) – document that contains information on the potential health effects of exposure to chemicals, or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working procedures when handling chemical products

2.3 Responsibilities As part of the internal responsibility system, each person at the University has a role in the health and safety system. These responsibilities are briefly listed below and are not exhaustive. The responsibilities presented here summarize and elaborate on those described in two University of Ottawa policy statements:

Policy 77: Health and Safety Policy; and, Policy 91: Environmental Management Policy.

The information presented here is not a substitute for these University policies. These policies should be consulted by those requiring further clarification of their responsibilities. This document does not supersede legislative requirements. Please refer to the applicable legislation, as appropriate.


2.3.1 Dean The Dean is responsible for overseeing compliance with all directives, procedures, and standards established by the University, their faculty or by government agencies at the Faculty level. The Dean must also ensure that appropriate occupational health, safety, and environmental programs are in place for the Faculty. This includes developing, establishing, and maintaining objectives, plans, directives, guidelines, and procedures necessary to manage occupational health and safety hazards and to ensure sound management of environmental issues applicable to his/her faculty. Deans shall allocate or, if necessary, request sufficient resources to ensure the effective operation of these programs. They are also responsible for monitoring adherence with directives, guidelines, procedures and standards established for their faculty. Deans are required to take corrective action, within the scope of their authority, as soon as they are made aware of a situation involving non adherence to policy and procedures, or laws and bylaws. Situations requiring further assistance or intervention should be reported to the appropriate University authority.

2.3.2 Department Chair The Department chair is responsible for monitoring compliance with all directives, procedures, and standards established by the University, the faculty, or by government agencies at the faculty and departmental level. This includes supporting the implementation and maintenance of faculty directives and monitoring adherence to them at the department level. Department chairs must also initiate necessary preventive measures to control health and safety or environmental hazards associated with activities under their authority. Department chairs are required to take corrective action, within the scope of their authority, as soon as they are made aware of a situation involving non adherence to policy and procedures, or laws and bylaws. Situations requiring further assistance or intervention should be reported to their Dean.

2.3.3 Supervisors Supervisors are responsible for ensuring compliance with all directives, procedures, standards, and guidelines established by the University, their faculty, or by government agencies. They shall provide opportunities for personnel under their authority to attend any training or information sessions required by the University or faculty. Supervisors must also initiate necessary preventive measures to control health and safety or environmental hazards associated with activities under their authority. Supervisors are required to take corrective action, within the scope of their authority, as soon as they are made aware of a situation involving non adherence to policy and procedures, or laws and bylaws. Situations requiring further assistance or intervention should be reported to their immediate supervisor.

2.3.4 Principal Investigators Principal investigators are responsible for ensuring that all those under their authority are diligent in the application of their responsibilities. They are responsible for communicating procedures, standards and guidelines in teaching and research activities that they supervise and for ensuring compliance with them. They shall provide opportunities for personnel under their authority to attend any training or information sessions required by the University or faculty. Where necessary, they are responsible for developing and establishing specific procedures for activities under their authority, in support of University or faculty directives, and in conformance with external agency requirements. Principal investigators must also initiate necessary preventive measures to manage occupational health, safety or environmental hazards associated with activities under their authority. Principal investigators are required to take corrective action, within the scope of their


authority, as soon as they are made aware of a situation involving non adherence to policy and procedures, or laws and bylaws. Situations requiring further assistance or intervention should be reported to their department chairperson.

2.3.5 Workshop Technical Officer The Workshop Technical Officer is responsible for ensuring compliance with all directives, procedures, standards, and guidelines established by the University, his/her faculty or by government agencies on a day-to-day basis within their workshop(s). The Technical Officer must also initiate necessary preventive measures to control health and safety or environmental hazards associated with activities under their authority. The Technical Officer is required to take corrective action, within the scope of their authority, as soon as they are made aware of a situation involving non adherence to policy and procedures, or laws and bylaws. Situations requiring further assistance or intervention should be reported to the immediate supervisor.

2.3.6 Workers Each worker is responsible for complying with all directives, procedures, and standards established by the University, his/her faculty or by government agencies. In particular, each individual is responsible for conducting activities in a manner that will not endanger themselves or others and for exercising all reasonable care in activities that may pose a risk to the environment. When directed to do so, all University workers shall participate in training and information sessions that may be offered. All individuals shall provide assistance and cooperate with University and government authorities (including Occupational Health and Safety Committee representatives) conducting inspections, audits or investigations in accordance with specified policies and procedures. All individuals are required to report all known occupational health and safety or environmental hazards to their immediate supervisors. Contact your immediate supervisor for further details.

2.3.7 Graduate Students / Students Students are not workers and are not subject to the health and safety legislation applicable to uOttawa workers; however, the University applies the principles of health and safety legislation to students. Students are responsible for conducting themselves in a proper manner to ensure their own safety as well as that of others and must adhere to University procedures and directives on health and safety.

2.4 Training Requirements

2.4.1 Training

Prior to being provided access to a workshop environment, users must complete applicable training courses (or their equivalents) as well as site / project specific training for the work that the user(s) will conduct. These are minimum requirements and include:

uOttawa WHMIS for Laboratory Workers (online); uOttawa Worker Health and Safety Awareness (online); Respect in the Workplace (online); Violence Prevention (online); Dry Lab Risk Management / Lab Safety (in-class);


Other sessions; as appropriate.

Information about, and registration for, all of the above noted courses may be found on the Office of Risk Management website. To register for a course, select the date you would like to attend, and log-in using the same credentials as InfoWeb. Upon completion of the course (including any knowledge assessments) you will receive a certificate to your registered email account (default is uOttawa email). This certificate serves as proof of completion. It is advisable to print the certificate for your records. Ensure that you provide a copy to your supervisor for their records as well; otherwise you may be asked to produce the certificate to prove course completion. Records of health and safety related training should be provided to, and kept by, your supervisor. Certain equipment in workshops also requires specialized training, over and above what is offered in the aforementioned courses; this training must be received prior to the operation of these certain types of equipment. Examples of equipment or situations requiring more specialized training include, but are not limited to:

Overhead cranes and hoists; Lift trucks (including forklifts); Working at Heights; Basics of Ladder Safety; Industrial equipment, such as:

o Saws; o Drill presses; o Sanders; o Lathes; o Pedestal grinders; o Etc.

Handheld power tools; o Drills; o Sanders; o Grinders; o Etc.

Compressed gases; Etc.

In some cases, the Technical Officer may be able to provide basic training; however there may be a requirement for more extensive, formal training. If you’re uncertain about the requirements, please speak with the Technical Officer.

2.4.2 Key Control All users issued keys are expected to abide by Policy 35, the Key Control Policy. Sharing of keys is strictly prohibited and may result in revocation of privileges. Speak with your Departmental Secretary and/or Health, Safety and Risk Manager for your Faculty / Service for more information; a deposit and key control form may be required.


https://www.uottawa.ca/administration-and-governance/policy-35-key-control


2.5 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hazards exist at the University of Ottawa. Control measures must be instituted in order to protect the users. Personal protective equipment is the absolute last resort to worker protection, as the devices do not remove the hazard from the workplace – the hazard continues to exist. Thus, all other protective measures must be explored (such as elimination of the hazard altogether, institution of engineering controls, for example canopy hoods, etc.). Some protective equipment is available through the department (such as protective eyewear), however other equipment will be required to be purchased by the user (such as protective footwear). The following pages provide a brief synopsis of personal protective equipment which may be required. More information is available by consulting the appropriate links, by speaking with your supervisor / Technical Officer, or by contacting the Faculty Health, Safety and Risk Manager (HSRM).

2.5.1 Safety Symbols It is the University’s practice to inform all individuals entering a workshop of the associated risk, through the use of signage, pictograms and information sheets. Various safety-related symbols are shown in examples below. You will note that their design closely resembles the current WHMIS program. It is advisable to learn about the meaning of each symbol and respect the requirements for the workshop.

Figure 1 – University Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) symbols.

Figure 2 – University Hazard symbols.

http://orm.uottawa.ca/about/our-team#HSRM


2.5.2 Personal Protective Equipment

2.5.2.1 Foot Protection

Legislative reference: A worker exposed to the hazard of foot injury shall wear foot protection appropriate in the circumstances (Regulation 851, s.82). All protective footwear must meet or exceed CSA Standard CSA-Z195-09 (or equivalent). Recommended type: Construction boot style, rated as Grade 1 with green triangle sewn into the boot. It is preferable to include the “Ω” symbol for additional electrical protection. Additional considerations:

Boot must be comfortable. Allow freedom of movement for toes. Low, wide-based heel; flat shoes / boots are recommended. Purchase boots to make allowances for extra socks or special arch supports (as necessary). Fit snugly around the heel and ankle when laced. High-cut boots provide support against ankle injury. If necessary, spray a protective coating to make footwear water-resistant. Inspect footwear regularly for damage and defects. Repair or replace worn or defective footwear. Electric shock resistance of footwear is greatly reduced by wet conditions and with wear. Refer to manufacturer’s instructions for additional instructions on care.

Maintenance and care:

Store properly when not in use Clean regularly Inspect for damaged areas, including frayed toe caps Follow manufacturer’s recommendations.

Additional information is available in the Office of Risk Management Personal Protective Equipment Guideline. Protective footwear can be purchased at outlets such as Mark’s Work Warehouse, Wal-Mart, etc. for costs ranging from $75-$250.

2.5.2.2 Head Protection

Legislative reference: A worker exposed to the hazard of head injury shall wear head protection appropriate in the circumstances (Regulation 851, s. 80). All protective headwear must meet or exceed CSA Standard Z94.1-05 (or equivalent). This reference must be etched in the hat (no stickers) Recommended type: Type II, Class E offers the greatest protection; therefore it is the most often recommended. Additional considerations:

Ensure the protective headwear is comfortable. Ensure a proper fit by using the hard hat adjustable features.

http://orm.uottawa.ca/about/policy-guides


The hard hat should sit on your head like a bicycle helmet. The hard hat should sit low enough to protect your forehead, but not so low it impedes your vision.

The hard hat should not fall off when you move. Maintenance and care:

Inspecting for signs of wear, scratches, or gouges. Shells exposed to heat, sunlight, and chemicals can become stiff or brittle. Visible cracks may appear as a result.

Do not apply any paint, solvent, or adhesive to the hat. These products may compromise the integrity of the hard hat.

Replace protective headwear when damage (of any sort) is noticed. Replace protective headwear that has been exposed to a hazard, even if no damage is

visible. Remove from service, and destroy, if the protective abilities are in doubt. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations. A regular replacement cycle is instituted – hard hats should be replaced within 4-6 years of

manufacture (or more frequently, if necessary). Additional information is available in the Office of Risk Management Personal Protective Equipment Guideline. Protective headwear can be purchased from Acklands-Grainger, North Safety Products, and Fisher Scientific etc. for costs ranging from $30-$40.

2.5.2.3 Eye and Face Protection

Legislative reference: A worker exposed to the hazard of eye injury shall wear eye protection appropriate in the circumstances (Regulation 851, s.81). All eyewear should comply with the CSA Standard Z94.3-09 (or equivalent). Recommended type: Various – dependant on type of work – eyewear shall be specifically selected in order that the user is fully protected. Consideration must be given to:

Impact Splash Ultraviolet / radiation

Additional considerations:

Prescription eyewear (including contact lenses) is not suitable personal protective equipment.

Ensure fit and comfort also accounted for. Most eyewear comes in different sizes and styles. Must be fitted for to physiognomy of the user.


Keep clean. Wash with warm, soapy solution.

Additional information is available in the Office of Risk Management Personal Protective Equipment Guideline. Protective eyewear can be purchased from Canadian Tire, Home Depot etc. for costs ranging from $10-$20.




2.5.2.4 Hearing Protection

Legislative reference: Every employer shall ensure that no worker is exposed to a sound level greater than an equivalent sound exposure level of 85 dBA. (Regulation 381, s. 2(4)). All protective headwear must meet or exceed Z94.2-02 (reaffirmed 2011) (or equivalent). Recommended type: Disposable, mouldable ear plugs or over-the-head earmuffs. Additional considerations:

Ontario exchange rate is 3 dB(A) – exposure time is halved for every 3 dB(A) increase Several types of hearing protection available:

o Ear plugs: usually disposable, mouldable foam. o Semi-insert plugs: two ear plugs held together by a headband. o Ear muffs: sound-attenuating material and soft ear cushions that fit around the ear

and hard outer cups. Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) – this value is subtracted from the overall noise level to

provide the exposure at the user. Of note – these ratings are obtained in laboratory controlled environments; actual noise reduction rating may differ.

Radio / MP3 headphones are not a substitute for hearing protection. In many cases, excessively loud music is more damaging to a person’s hearing.

Protective capabilities are greatly reduced if protective devices do not fit properly / worn only part time during periods of noise exposure. Refer to the manufacturer guidelines for proper fitting.

Additional information is available in the Office of Risk Management Personal Protective Equipment Guideline as well as the Hearing Conversation Program. Disposable roll-down ear plugs are typically available in areas where noise is a hazard; however personal hearing protection can be purchased from Canadian Tire, Home Depot, etc. for costs ranging from $15-$30.

2.5.2.5 Respiratory / Breathing Protection

Legislative reference: Where a worker is likely to be exposed to an atmosphere at atmospheric pressure with oxygen content of less than 18 per cent, the worker shall be protected by mechanical ventilation so that the worker’s safety and health is not endangered. Where the measures prescribed by subsection (1) are not practicable, the worker shall be protected by air supplied breathing equipment so that the worker’s safety and health is not endangered. (Regulation 851, s. 138 (2)). All respiratory equipment should comply with the CSA Standard Z94.2-04 (or equivalent) Recommended type: Various – dependant on type of work. Additional considerations:

Respiratory protection must be worn and fitted correctly in order to provide stated protection levels.

Fit testing is required to be conducted prior to use and each two years thereafter. Seal checks are required prior to each use.




Respirators must be cleaned after every use according to the respirator manufacturer’s instructions or according to the alternate procedure listed in the Guidelines below.

Inspect respirators before and after each use in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Defective or non-functioning respirators must be identified and tagged as “out of service” and removed from service until repaired or replaced.

Store in a sealed plastic bag in an indoor, dry environment to prolong cartridge / face mask life.

Additional information is available in the Office of Risk Management Personal Protective Equipment Guideline as well as the Respirator and Fit Testing Guideline. Depending on the requirements of the work, respiratory protection may be purchased from a variety of suppliers. Verify with the Technical Officer prior to selecting respiratory protection.

2.5.2.6 Fall Arrest Equipment

Legislative reference: Where a worker is exposed to the hazard of falling and the surface to which he or she might fall is more than three metres or more, from below the position where he or she is situated,

a) the worker shall wear a serviceable safety belt or harness and lifeline adequately secured to a fixed support and so arranged that the worker cannot fall freely for a vertical distance of more than 1.5 metres; and

b) the fall arresting system described in clause (a) shall, i. have sufficient capacity to absorb twice the energy and twice the load that under the

circumstances of its use may be transmitted to it, and ii. be equipped with a shock absorber or other devices to limit the maximum arresting

force to 8.0 kilonewtons to the wearer (Regulation 851, s. 85) All fall arrest equipment should comply with CSA Standards (or equivalent)

CSA Z259.2.1-98 Fall Arresters, Vertical Lifelines and Rails CSA Z259.2.2-98 Self-Retracting Devices - Personal Fall Arrest Systems Z259.2.3-99 Descent Control Devices Z259.10-06 Full Body Harnesses Z259.11-M92 Shock Absorbers for Personal Fall-Arrest Systems

Recommended types:

Fall-restricting system – designed to limit workers’ free fall distance Safety net – installed below a work surface Fall-arrest system – prevents a falling worker from hitting the ground or any object or level

below the work. The system consists of: o Full body harness o Lanyard with Shock Absorber o Rope grab o Lifeline o Lifeline Anchor or Tie-off Point o Positioning / Travel Restraint System – restricts the elevated worker, preventing him /

her from getting into a hazardous position where a fall could occur




Specialized training (e.g. Basics of Ladder Safety, Working at Heights Training) required when working at heights – visit Risk Management Training Registration web page.

Additional information is is available in the Office of Risk Management Personal Protective Equipment Guideline as well as the Fall Protection Guidelines.

2.5.2.7 Protective Clothing

Protective equipment is not limited to specialized devices; it also includes proper clothing. Recommended type:

Long pants (i.e. jeans / overalls) Long sleeves / lab coat Aprons Beanies (welding) Gloves


Old clothing that you do not mind getting dirty will suffice Must be appropriate (i.e. no derogatory clothing) Do not wear cuffs on shirts / pants Remove jewellery


Clothing must be properly stored to prevent tripping hazards in the lab Try to keep clean / wash clothes regularly Do not use compressed air to clean clothing

2.5.3 Personal Protective Equipment Policies Various Faculties and Services have instituted policies for the use of personal protective within their workshops, irrespective of the hazard. Examples may include mandatory protective:

Footwear Eyewear Headwear

Consult with the Technical Officer for information specific to your Faculty / Service.

2.5.3.1 Workshop Visitors Visitors to any workshop with hazardous operations are not exempt from these requirements. It is highly recommended to maintain a small quantity of spare protective equipment for persons who are attending for a short period of time, or to lend to workshop users.

2.5.3.2 Demonstrations / Tours Demonstration for classroom instruction or student/public tours may be conducted in workshops for various purposes. It is highly recommended to:




Provide written, advance notice to the Technical Officer of the requested visit. The Technical Officer may not be able to accept the visit due to health and safety considerations;

The proposed visits and associated activities for the demonstration or tour must be assessed by the Technical Officer;

The Technical Officer must designate safe areas for the tour; For the duration of the demonstration or tour, normal workshop operations shall cease.

2.6 Safety Check Once per month, check the condition of the following. Report any problems to your supervisor or your Facility Manager / Building Administrator. Fire extinguishers Verify that the fire extinguisher is in its proper location and that the gauge indicates that it is fully charged. If the fire extinguisher is deficient, contact Protection Services at ext. 5499 to have the extinguisher immediately replaced. Emergency wash devices To prevent possible bacterial infections, each eye wash station should be tested by letting the water run for several minutes. This does not apply to portable eyewash units which instead must be checked for the presence of microorganisms (this can be done by checking the expiry date). Do not test emergency showers – Facilities is responsible for the emergency shower installations across campus. Note that labs with tepid (warm water) stations should conduct this test each week. Fume hoods and biological safety cabinets Verify that proper air flow is being maintained by using a piece of paper, tissue of Kimwipe® attached to the bottom of the sash. Ensure that containment devices have been recently certified (within one year). If condition of the equipment is in doubt, discontinue use, warns others and notify the Facilities Officer and Health, Safety and Risk Manager immediately. Chemical storage compartments Verify that the contents are organized in accordance with their chemical compatibilities. If the compartment is vented, verify that proper air flow is being maintained. Tubing for circulating water, vacuum or gases Verify that connections are appropriately secured and that there are no leaks. Rubber tubing should be checked for cracking. Glassware Periodically verify a random selection of glassware. Cracking, stars, chips, etc. are evidence that the glassware should be removed from service and replaced.

3 Project Hazard Assessment Prior to the initiation of a project, the Technical Officer and student must complete a "Project Hazard Assessment" in consultation with their supervisor. An example of a Project Hazard


Assessment form is provided in the Appendix. For further details please contact the Faculty / Service Health, Safety and Risk Manager.

4 Housekeeping Housekeeping includes cleaning, waste disposal, and spill clean-up. Tools, equipment, and machinery are less likely to cause injury if they are kept clean and well maintained.

All work areas are to be kept clean and orderly. Good housekeeping is fundamental to a safe environment.

Access to fire extinguishers, exits, safety showers, eyewashes, and electrical switches and panels must be kept free and clear at all times.

Tools, equipment and material must not create a hazard (i.e. tripping hazards). Tools and equipment should be kept in proper storage areas. Trash, scrap and flammable materials must be kept in proper containers. Hallways, stairways and exit areas must remain clear at all times to provide free and

unobstructed egress.

In addition to the above, tools, equipment and machinery are to be returned to their appropriate locations when not in use.

5 After Hours Policy The University of Ottawa makes available its facilities to its faculty, staff and students for teaching and research. Access to research workshops is provided to responsible and trusted individuals. Generally, University buildings are vacated and locked at the end of regular business, study or teaching hours. While the University encourages that work be conducted in the workshops during regular business hours, it recognizes that some activities may require access outside regular weekday business hours, and on weekends and holidays. The University has developed an internal directive on after-hours access to workshop facilities. Prior to carrying out activities after-hours, the user(s) must discuss the work or requirements with the Professor / Supervisor / Technical Officer and obtain his or her written permission for access during a given period. If, during this time, working alone is unavoidable, the University encourages users to carry their University of Ottawa identification card and to call Protection Services at extension 5499 to identify themselves, the workshop and its location, and to give the approximate duration of their stay. This is for information only, so that if a problem occurs in the building, Protection Services will know who may be there after hours. The directive can be accessed online.

6 Accidents/Incidents

6.1 Reporting

6.1.1 Accidents Report all hazards, accidents, potential health concerns, etc. to your supervisor, unless there is an immediate threat to life, safety, property or the environment, in which case you must call Protection Services at extension 5411 or 911. If the injury meets the definition of a “critical injury” (see Definitions), contact Protection Services immediately. Complete the Accident / Incident /

http://orm.uottawa.ca/about/our-team#HSRM

http://orm.uottawa.ca/sites/orm.uottawa.ca/files/orm1/Directive-afterhours-accessible.pdf



Occupational Illness form and submit the completed, printed, and signed form to the Health and Wellness sector within 24 hours of the incident giving rise to the report.

6.1.2 Spills Spills must be safely cleaned and, similar to accidents / incidents, must be reported. In theory, any product used in the workshop should be able to be cleaned up by those working with the product; this is basic premise of WHMIS legislation – the right to know about hazards. However, if a spill clean-up is beyond the capabilities of the workshop personnel, or the spilled materials is unknown contact Protection Services at ext. 5411 for assistance. Most workshops are equipped with a spill kit; items may be used from this kit to assist in cleaning spills. Complete the Accident / Incident / Occupational Illness form to obtain replacement supplies free of charge.

Figure 3 – uOttawa spill kit; located in most workshops

6.1.3 Corrective Action All accidents, incidents, and occupational illnesses (including spills) must be followed-up upon. Supervisors must investigate the situation, determine the root cause, and ensure that appropriate control measures are in implemented and / or revised (as appropriate).

6.2 Emergency Response

6.2.1 First Aid All buildings on campus have designated personnel to respond to first aid situations; this is in addition to Protection Services. It is recommended that the workshop is equipped with a first aid kit; ensure to familiarize yourself with their location in your work area. Replacement materials (including for the designated first aider kits) are the responsibility of the department and must be replaced when used. Ensure to notify the Technical Officer when items are used so that materials can be replaced in a timely fashion. There are a number of trained employees across campus, and can be found with signage throughout the building. You can recognize signage by the green background with the bandaged hand; shown below.

Figure 4 – uOttawa First Aid Logo




Defined below are the contents of the University first aid kits. Departmental first aid kits must have a label on top of the box stating where the official designated first aid kit can be located found. The following items must be included in all designated first aider kits:

Qty. Item 2 WSIB sticker; small format of form 82 (English and French)

Valid First aid certificates of on-duty first aider 1 Record of first aid treatment (Appendix A of Guidelines) 1 First aid inspection record 2 Pairs of powder-free, nitrile exam gloves 1 Personal safety mask 1 Current edition of St-John Ambulance first aid manual

24 Safety pins 1 Basin, preferably stainless steel

48 Adhesive dressings; individually wrapped 2 Rolls of adhesive tape, 1 inch wide

12 Rolls of 1 inch gauze bandage 48 Sterile gauze pads; individually wrapped 8 Rolls of 2 inch gauze bandage 8 Rolls of 4 inch gauze bandage 6 Sterile surgical pads (suitable for pressure dressing) individually wrapped

12 Triangular Bandages Splints of assorted sizes

2 Rolls of splint padding Additional first-aid guidelines, including a list of first aiders on campus, can be obtained on the Risk Management website.

6.2.2 Emergency Equipment The following emergency equipment is available on campus; please familiarize yourself with the stations nearest your work location.

6.2.2.1 Emergency Showers Emergency showers are primarily located outside of workshops, in the hallways. The shower is for use in emergency situations to remove hazardous substances from the body of an exposed individual. To activate the shower, pull the metal handle. Water will flow (at minimum) at approximately 75 litres per minute; any person exposed must remain under the shower for a period of at least 15 minutes. Once the activation of the shower has occurred, Protection Services will have been notified via an installed alarm. A camera will activate and an Officer will be dispatched to assist the individual. Facilities personnel conduct regular maintenance. Ensure that all exposures are reported using the Accident / Incident / Occupational Illness form.

6.2.2.2 Emergency Eyewashes Emergency eyewash stations are located in workshops and in hallways. These stations are for use in the event an individual receives a chemical product or particle in their eyes / face. The station is not alarmed and must be inspected monthly (if water supplied by eyewash station is cold) or weekly (if water supplied by eyewash station is tepid). A checklist and sign-off sheet is located immediately

http://orm.uottawa.ca/first-aiders



next to the station. The station must remain accessible at all times. As with the emergency shower, the user must remain under the eyewash for a period of 15 minutes. Ensure that all exposures are reported using the Accident / Incident / Occupational Illness form.

6.2.3 Emergency Situations In the event of an emergency situation, contact Protection Services at ext. 5411. Remain on scene to assist, as required. Please note that it is not the primary responsibility of Protection Services / Facilities / Office of Risk Management to save your project. Every effort will be made to minimize impacts and damage on your project – however there may be situations where this is not possible. People come first. Examples of major incidents could include major flooding, fire, vandalism, etc. If it’s possible to leave contact information for your project in the event of an emergency, this can greatly assist first responders. For a list of hazard-specific emergency procedures, please refer to Protection Services website.

6.3 Storage and Waste Disposal

6.3.1 Material storage Materials improperly stored (i.e. leaning against something, strewn across the floor, left on / open, etc.) can pose hazards as well. The hazard will vary depending on how the material is stored; however a common issue is a material that is stored in an upright position. This material could easily fall from even the simplest of tasks, even just by walking by it. If a material is not in use, ensure that you store it away properly.

6.3.2 Chemical storage Respect your chemical; know and understand what you will be working with. All chemical substances have data sheets for the product – ensure that you verify the current SDS (all SDS must be issued within three years) prior to your work. Ensure that you familiarize yourself with any departmental rules and policies’ relating to what is/isn’t permitted. Finally, keep your on-hand quantities to a minimum; it is very easy to obtain products, so reduce your risk by stocking only what you’ll require.

6.3.3 Hazardous Waste Note that these are general procedures only. Detailed information on specific classes of waste may be found from your respective Faculty / Service, or by contacting the Office of Risk Management (ORM). Everything and everyone generates waste. There is always scrap material not used as well as the question of what to do with the actual product once it’s reached the end of its lifecycle / use. This includes items that are considered to be “hazardous wastes”. Example of such waste would include aerosol cans, paint cans, and sharps. This waste must be handled after you (i.e. by waste technicians, housekeeping, garbage haulers, etc.). You must segregate your waste and label it appropriately to ensure that it is handled properly by those who will handle it after you. uOttawa is a very large campus in the core of downtown Ottawa – there is a significant risk to the University community as well as to the immediate surrounding area if waste is improperly disposed of, or handled. Hazardous waste is managed by the Office of Risk Management on established


http://www.uottawa.ca/are-you-ready


schedules. If you have questions about hazardous waste, please visit the hazardous waste website or contact [email protected].

Waste Containment Waste generators are responsible for the waste they generate until it is accepted for disposal by

the hazardous waste coordinator. Do not dispose of hazardous materials down the drain. Refer to the Sewer Use Guidelines for

exceptions. Do not mix incompatible chemical wastes. Metallic waste containers used for flammable liquids MUST be grounded during filling

procedures. Inappropriate waste containers will not be accepted. All waste materials must be safely

contained. Use appropriate containers and ensure that they are clean, that they do not leak, and that they are sealed.

Improperly labelled containers will not be accepted. All hazardous waste containers must be labelled with the appropriate (uOttawa) hazardous waste label. Materials still in their original containers must have a label identifying their contents. If these materials are waste, they require the hazardous waste label.

Chemicals: All chemical waste containers must be labelled with the University of Ottawa hazardous waste label (available free of charge from the Faculty of Science or Faculty of Medicine Stores, or ORM). If wastes are combined in a single container, the label must list all chemicals contained. Containers waste containers must not allow pressure build-up. Sharps: All sharps containers must have a hazardous waste label showing department, room, name and telephone number of the generator.

Fill containers to about 75% capacity. Overfilled and/or leaking containers will not be accepted. Wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (lab coat, gloves, eye protection, apron,

etc.) depending on the level of hazard. Do not store your full hazardous waste containers. Call your hazardous waste coordinator,

faculty representative or the Office of Risk Management to have them removed.

Waste Removal Hazardous waste removal procedures are specific to each faculty or department. For your department's procedures, contact your Health, Safety and Risk Manager (HSRM).

6.3.4 Regular waste Regular waste is often something that we take for granted. We dispose of waste in the appropriate waste stream (garbage, recyclables, etc.) and within a few days, it disappears. That material is handled by another person after you’ve finished with it and thrown it in the garbage. Powders, glass, needles, chemical products, products with odours, etc. can cause concern amongst the housekeeping staff – please remember to dispose of regular garbage in an approved fashion. If you’re not certain how to dispose of a particular material, speak with the Technical Officer.

http://orm.uottawa.ca/programs/hazardous-waste

https://orm.uottawa.ca/sites/orm.uottawa.ca/files/files/Sewer guidelines EN.pdf


6.4 Enforcement It is the responsibility of all users to follow the appropriate guidelines applicable to their work and/or activity. In order to maintain a safe teaching and learning environment various enforcement measures may be applied. It is noted that willful and/or repeated neglect of safety can result in temporary or permanent loss of workshop privileges. An example of enforcement, on an escalating plane:

Reminder to individual. Warning. Meeting with Technical Officer / Supervisor. Meeting with Workshop Director or Chair. Temporary loss of workshop privileges. Permanent loss of workshop privileges.

It is the individual workshop supervisor’s responsibility to document and escalate situations of non-compliance.

Note: the enforcement procedure is handled on case-by-case basis; the severity of an incident may warrant concurrent enforcement.

31

7 General Guidelines for Safe Use of Tools and Equipment

7.1 Introduction This following section of this document serves to outline general guidelines related to the safe use of tools and equipment that may be found in a workshop. These guidelines, which have been gathered from various sources, were prepared to assist users in understanding the risks associated with the use of various tools and equipment. The guidelines that follow are general in nature and are not meant to be comprehensive – it is recommended that users consult with the Technical Officer regarding the safe use and operation of the various tools and equipment in the workshop. Additional information may be obtained by consulting the online resources listed in the Appendix.

7.2 General The guidelines that follow must be applied in conjunction with the applicable health and safety legislation and with the University’s administrative policies, procedures, guidelines, and directives. Failure to comply with any of the aforementioned could result in loss of privileges or other administrative sanctions, as appropriate. As defined in the definitions, a hazard is something that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people at work. Prior to working with a particular substance, product or item, the user and supervisor must identify the hazards associated with the task(s) and institute reasonable control measures to control that hazard. Control measures may take many forms, however the best option is to entirely eliminate the hazard. If this is not feasible, then the hazard can perhaps be substituted with a less hazardous process, material or operation. Alternatively, perhaps the hazard can be enclosed, or otherwise engineered to control exposure. You may also be able to administratively reduce exposure via less exposure time or signage. If the preceding options are not possible, personal protective equipment may be required to further reduce a hazard. Remember – one control measure may not be sufficient to control a hazard. If you’re uncertain about control measures, speak with your supervisor, the Faculty’s Health, Safety and Risk Manager, or the Office of Risk Management.

7.3 Hand Tools

7.3.1 Background Hand tools can be manually used employing force or be electrically powered. Virtually every type of tool can be a hand tool and many have also been adapted as power tools, which get their motive power from motors or engines rather than from human mechanical action. Some examples of hand tools are hammers, pliers, screwdrivers, saws, wrenches, pry bars, knives, and chisels.

7.3.2 Main Hazards and Risks Hand tools may look harmless, but they can be the cause of many injuries. Common hazards and risks of using hand tools include:

Lacerations, abrasions, amputations, and punctures


Damage to joints and ligaments can occur if the wrong tool is used, or the right tool is used improperly.

Eye injuries can be caused by flying chips of wood or metal. Damage to hearing can occur from both impact noise and exposure to lower intensity steady

state noise over long periods of time. Broken bones and bruises can be caused by tools slipping or falling from heights.

7.3.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) It is recommended to use adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) according to the nature of the task. At a minimum, suitable eye protection (with side shields) should always be worn. Hand protection (i.e. work gloves) may also be required to protect against lacerations, abrasions, and repeated impact.

7.3.4 Safe Work Procedures

7.3.4.1 General

If you need a hammer, use a hammer; in other words, select the proper tool for the task. Substituting improper tools increases the chances of having an accident.

Use tools designed to allow the wrist to stay straight. Avoid using hand tools with your wrist bent to prevent injury.

Ensure the tools are in good condition and are used correctly. Do not throw, toss or use tools in a way that could cause injury. When not in use, properly stored all tools (especially sharp-edged, toothed, and pointed tools)

in such a manner that points and edges will not create a hazard. Most workshops have dedicated storage areas for tools when not in use.

Ensure that the handle or gripping surface of a tool used is free from dirt, grease, oil, and splinters.

Protect sharp edged tools and pointed tools properly. Sharp edged and pointed tools may inadvertently become hazardous when improperly used in close quarters.

Inspect tools for defects before use. Replace or repair defective tools. Carry tools in a tool box / tool belt to and from the work location. Keep the work environment clean and organized to avoid clutter, which may lead to accidents.

7.3.4.2 Wrenches

Select a wrench that properly fits the fastener that is to be turned. Using the correct size reduces the chances of the wrench slipping.

Do not use added materials (i.e. a length of pipe) to improve the leverage of a wrench. Manufacturers design wrenches so that the amount of leverage obtained with the handle is the maximum safe application.

Use socket wrenches for hard-to-reach areas. Always pull on a wrench, rather than pushing; you will have more control in the event the

fastener suddenly loosens. Inspect wrenches periodically for damage such as cracking, severe wear, or distortion.


7.3.4.3 Pliers

Do not increase the handle length of pliers to gain more leverage. Do not substitute pliers for a wrench when turning nuts and bolts. Pliers cannot grip these items

properly and will slip. Never use pliers as a hammer or hammer on the handles. Such action is likely to result in cracks

or breaks. Cut hardened wire only with pliers designed for that purpose. Always cut at right angles. Never

rock from side to side or bend the wire back and forth against the cutting edges.

7.3.4.4 Hammers

Do not use a hammer if the handle is damaged or loose (i.e. cracked, splintered, or badly worn). Never weld, heat, or regrind a hammer head. Remove from service any hammer exhibiting signs of excessive wear such as cracks, chips, or a

mushroomed head. Match the proper type of hammer to the job it is designed to perform. Do not strike the surface at an angle. The hammer face should contact the striking surface

squarely.

7.3.4.5 Screwdrivers

Never use a screwdriver as a pry bar, chisel, punch, stirrer, or scraper. Screwdrivers are intended for driving fasteners.

Always use a screwdriver tip that properly fits the slot of the screw. Replace screwdrivers with broken or worn handles / heads. Use magnetic or screw-holding screwdrivers to start fasteners in tight areas.

7.3.4.6 Utilities Knives/Blades

Always use a sharp blade. Dull blades require more force and are therefore more likely to slip. Replace the blade when it starts to tear instead of cut.

Never leave a knife unattended with the blade exposed. Consider using a self-retracting knife with a spring-loaded blade. The blade will retract to the handle housing when pressure on the knife is released.

Keep knives and blades sharp and cover sharp edges with suitable covering to protect the tool and to prevent injuries from inadvertent contact.

Keep your free hand away from the line of the cut. Don’t bend or apply side loads to blades by using them to open cans or pry loose objects. Blades

are brittle and can snap easily.

7.3.5 Training All personnel are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer. The personnel should be trained on how to choose the right tool for the job, how to correctly use each tool, and how to identify when maintenance is required.


7.4 Portable Power Tools

7.4.1 Portable Grinders

7.4.1.1 Background

Portable grinders, also known as angle grinders or disc grinders, are hand-held tools commonly used for grinding, cutting, sanding, and brushing metal, stone, concrete, and timber materials. The type of work that can be performed depends on the type of disk or attachment fitted to the tool. Portable grinders are primarily powered by electricity through an electrical cord attached at the back of the tool. Alternatively, portable grinders can be powered by a rechargeable battery that replaces the electrical cord.

Figure 5 – Example of a disc grinder.

7.4.1.2 Main Hazards and Risks

In operation, the disc or attachment and flying particles (including broken parts of the grinding medium or the material being abraded) may come into contact with the operator or bystanders. This may cause injury resulting in cuts, abrasions, burns, or eye injuries.

7.4.1.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The following PPE is required when operating portable grinders:

Safety glasses or goggle Dust mask. Hearing protection to protect ears, especially during prolonged periods of loud work. Grinders

on their own can produce high noise levels; however when in contact with the grinding surface (i.e. metal), the noise level can substantially increase.

The following PPE is highly recommended (and may be required, depending on the operation) when operating portable grinders:

Protective footwear to protect feet against cuts and abrasion. Gloves to protect hands against hot sparks and reduce the effect of vibration.

Electrical Cord

On/Off Switch

Rest

Handle

Spindle

SpindleLock

Disk/Attachment


Aprons or jacket along with long sleeved shirts and pants or overalls to protect the front of the body against abrasion and to stop flying particles. Shirts and pants should not have cuffed ends. Avoid loose clothing and hair that can be drawn into the grinder. Avoid wearing jewellery.

Additional respiratory protection may be required, depending on the type and amount of dust resulting from the grinding.

A face shield is recommended as additional facial protection.

7.4.1.4 Safe Work Procedures

Read, understand and follow the manufacturer’s operating instructions provided with the equipment.

7.4.1.4.1 Correct Tool Selection Use the adequate size of portable grinder according to the work and position of operation. Do not use larger or more powerful grinder than required, as larger tools are generally more difficult to control.

7.4.1.4.2 Disc/attachment Safety Ensure that the disc or attachment selected for the work is:

The correct type for the work to be performed. Discs and attachments must be used only for the work indicated by the manufacturer.

Adequate for being used at the maximum speed indicated by the manufacturer. Discs running faster than the maximum specified speed can fracture and fly apart.

The correct size for the portable grinder, so it is properly protected by the guards. Fitted to the spindle and balanced to avoid excessive vibration. Free of any damage and defects, chips, cracks, tear, excessive wear, warping or distortion that

may contribute to damage or injury. Before each use of the portable grinder, check for any damage in the disc or attachment. Damaged discs or attachments should be immediately taken out of service and discarded.

7.4.1.4.3 Guards Ensure that the disc or attachment is properly guarded. The guard must be in place and correctly adjusted, so the least amount of disc or attachment is exposed towards the operator. A proper guard will protect the operator against sparks and other flying particles. In some cases, a work zone may be required with screen to protect the immediate area (and others) from flying debris.

7.4.1.4.4 Operating Safety

Ensure that the work area is free of flammable materials that can be ignited by sparks. Wear required personal protective equipment. Ensure that the grinder is turned off before plugging the device in. Run the grinder at operating speed for a few moments before grinding to ensure it is working

properly. In case the attachment is damaged, install a new attachment and re-run the check. In case the grinder is malfunctioning, take the grinder out of service until adequate action is taken.

Ensure that the work piece is rigidly supported and firmly clamped. Movement in the work piece during grinding may result in disc/attachment shatter or grinder kickback.


When grinding, adopt a comfortable and stable position with feet apart and balanced and with a clear view of the job.

Always grind the object; never hold the object against a supported hand-held grinder. Stop the grinder at regular intervals to rest your hands and arms. Ensure the grinder comes to a complete stop prior to leaving the work piece. Turn off the grinder and disconnect the power. Put the grinder on a table with the disc or

attachment facing upwards. Do not forcefully stop the grinding wheel. Regularly maintain the grinder.

7.4.1.4.5 Kickback Prevention Kickback of portable grinders is a sudden reaction in the opposite direction to the spinning direction of the attachment. This results from pinched, damaged, or inadequately selected attachments. Kickback can be prevented by adopting the following safety precautions:

Use attachments that fit the portable grinder. Follow the recommendations of the manufacturer when selecting the proper attachment for the work.

Hold the portable grinder firmly with the handle and properly position your body. Pay special attention when working with corners and sharp edges. Never apply excessive

pressure that can result in loss of control or kickback.

7.4.1.4.6 Safety of Bystanders Safety of bystanders can be achieved by creating a designated work area through physical barriers. If a person must be in the work zone, they will require the same PPE as the operator.

7.4.1.4.7 Pre-use and Other Checks The operator should ensure that the grinder is in safe operating condition before starting the work. The following checks are to be performed while the grinder is disconnected from any source of power:

The power cord is in good condition. Grinding attachment is in good condition and appropriate for the work. Worn out or damaged

attachment must be discarded. The guard is in place and correctly adjusted. The handle is fitted and secure.

In order to use the portable grinder, it should satisfy all of the above requirements. The grinder must be taken out of service if it is not in safe condition.

7.4.1.5 Instruction, Training, and Supervision

All operators of portable grinders are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer.

One-to-one supervision from the Technical Officer shall be provided for people receiving training, or who are unfamiliar with the use of portable grinders.


7.4.2 Portable Drills

7.4.2.1 Background

Portable drills are precision instruments that can be used for drilling holes in various materials such as metal, concrete, and wood. In addition, portable drills can be used as drivers for screws and bolts. Portable drills are mainly powered by electricity through an electrical cord attached at the back of the tool. Alternatively, portable drills may be powered by a rechargeable battery that replaces the electrical cord. Hammer drills and rotary hammers are widely used for drilling holes in masonry and stone. They are similar to portable drills with the exception of the provided hammer. The stroke of the drill can be engaged or disengaged with the hammer, as per requirement, which provides a short, rapid action to pulverize relatively brittle material and provide quicker drilling with less effort.

Figure 6 – Example of a portable drill.


Drilling bits or attachments and flying particles from the materials being drilled may come into contact with the operator or bystanders resulting in cuts and/or punctures. Portable drill users may get a potentially deadly shock if they use a drill with an improperly grounded cord, or if they use a drill that has a worn motor. Even slight shocks are dangerous as they may cause the drill user to lose control of the drill. Furthermore, if an electric drill is improperly wired or plugged in, or if the drill is worn, it may be incapable of handling the electrical current that flows through it. Even if the user does not get shocked, the heat generated by the electrical current may ignite a fire.


The following PPE is required when operating portable drills.

Safety glasses or goggles. Hearing protection during prolonged periods of loud work.

The following PPE is highly recommended (and may be required) when operating portable drills.

Gloves to protect hands against hot surfaces and reduce the effect of vibrations.

Electrical Cord

SpeedDial

Bit/Attachment

Handle

Lock-onButton

Drill ModeButton

Chuck

Depth Gauge

ReversingSwitch

TriggerSwitch


Aprons or jacket along with long sleeved shirts and pants or overalls to protect the front of the body from flying particles.

Respiratory protection (as required).


7.4.2.4.1 Follow the Manufacturer’s Information Read, understand and follow the manufacturer’s operating instructions provided with the equipment.

7.4.2.4.2 Correct Tool Selection Use the adequate size of portable drill according to the work and position of operation. Do not use larger or more powerful drill than required.

7.4.2.4.3 Bit/attachment Safety Ensure that the bit or attachment selected for the work is:

The correct type for the work to be performed. Bits and attachments must be used only for the work indicated by the manufacturer.

Adequate for being used at the maximum speed indicated by the manufacturer. Attachments running faster than the maximum specified speed can break and fly apart.

Fitted to the chuck to avoid breaking of the bit or attachment. Free of any damage and defects, chips, cracks, tear, excessive wear, warping or distortion that

may result in shattering. Before each use of the portable drill, check for any damage in the bit or attachment. A damaged bit or attachment must be discarded.


Wear appropriate PPE when operating portable electric drill. Disconnect the drill from the electrical supply when installing bits. Ensure that the drill is turned off before plugging in. Select the correct bit for the finish and material being drilled. Make sure the bit is securely

tightened in the drill chuck. Before drilling, turn the drill on to see if the bit is centered and running properly. Always remove

the key from the chuck before drilling. Align the bit with the desired location before turning the drill on.

Clamp work piece, so it will not move during the drilling operation, and hold the drill firmly with both hands while drilling. Movement during drilling may result in flying broken pieces, or the bit becoming caught in the material being drilled, causing the material to rotate freely.

To prevent seizing, reduce the feed pressure when the drill bit is about to come through the material.

Do not allow the electrical cord to become wrapped around the drill when working. If the electrical cord is damaged or starts to separate from the drill housing, remove the drill

from service immediately until appropriate action can be taken. Ensure the drill comes to a complete stop prior to leaving the work piece.


Turn off drill and disconnect power. Remove the bit/attachment from the drill and safely store the drill. Use caution when removing or changing drill bits, as they are sharp and can become hot during use.

Regularly maintain the drill.


7.4.2.4.6 Pre-use and Other Checks

Check for damaged parts. Verify that the trigger-switch actuates properly and that it returns to the “off” position after

release. Verify that the lock-on releases freely (if equipped). Check carefully for loose power cord connections or damage to the cord. Do not use a drill that

has defective wiring. Verify that the bit is securely fastened in the chuck and that it is properly positioned. Verify that the chuck key is removed from the chuck. Verify that the auxiliary handle is properly installed (if equipped).


All operators of portable drills are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer. One-to-one supervision from the Technical Officer shall be provided for people receiving training, or who are unfamiliar with the use of portable grinders.

7.4.3 Portable Belt/Disk Sanders

7.4.3.1 Background

Portable belt and disk sanders are tools that are used for smoothing and preparing wood and other surfaces, such as concrete and masonry. Other tools such as portable grinders and portable drills allow the use of sandpaper attachments converting the tools into portable sanders. Portable belt and disk sanders are mainly powered by electricity through an electrical cord attached at the back of the tool.

Figure 7 – Portable belt sander


Figure 8 – Portable disc sander


The primary safety hazard of portable sanders is that operators may catch their hands or body in the running sandpaper belts or disks. Contact with an abrasive surface can cause abrasions and lacerations.


The following PPE is required when operating portable sanders.

Safety glasses, goggles, and/or face shield.

The following PPE is highly recommended (and may be required) when operating portable sanders.

Hearing protection to reduce noise levels, especially during prolonged periods of loud work. Aprons or jacket and pants or overalls to protect the front of the body from flying particles. Long pants to protect legs from flying particles. Dusk mask or respirator to prevent dust and flying particles from entering the respiratory

system. Respiratory protection is required when the sander is not connected to a dust collector.


7.4.3.4.1 Follow the Manufacturer’s Information Read, understand and follow the manufacturer’s operating instructions provided with the equipment.

7.4.3.4.2 Sanding Belt/disk Safety Ensure that the sanding belt or sanding disk selected for the work is:

The correct type for the work to be performed. Selection of the inappropriate sanding belt/disk size and sand paper grain may result in excessive wear of the sanding belt/disk. Worn belts can jump, skip and possibly break at worn spots due to excessive stress.

Free of any damage and defects, tear, excessive wear, or distortion that may result in a dangerous situation. Before each use of the portable sander, check for any damage in the sanding belt/disk. A damaged sanding belt/disk must be discarded.


Wear appropriate PPE when operating with portable sanding tools. Disconnect the sander from the electrical supply when installing sanding belts/disks, making

adjustments, or emptying the dust collector.


Ensure that the sanding belt/disk is installed in the direction indicated on the belt/disk and sander.

Ensure that the sander is turned off before plugging in. Before sanding, turn the sander on to see if it is running properly. Do not use a sander without exhaust system or dust collector. Do not wet the attachments. Do not sand metal pieces; this can generate sparks that may ignite the dust in the collection

system. Clamp the work piece, so it will not move during sanding, and hold the sander firmly with both

hands. Unsecured work pieces may be thrown by the sander motion. Do not exert excessive pressure upon the moving sander. Do not allow the electrical cord to become wrapped around the sander when working. If the electrical cord is damaged or starts to separate from the sander housing, take it out of

service immediately. Ensure the drill comes to a complete stop prior to leaving the work piece. Regularly maintain the sander.



Check for damaged parts. Verify that the trigger-switch actuates properly and that it returns positively to the “off” position

after release. Verify that the lock-on releases freely (if equipped). Check carefully for loose power cord connections or damage to the cord. Do not use a drill that

has defective wiring leading to it. Verify the sanding belt/disk is securely installed and that it is properly positioned. Verify the chuck key is removed from the chuck (if equipped). Verify the auxiliary handle is properly installed (if equipped). Check if the dust collector needs to be emptied.


All operators of portable drills are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer. One-to-one supervision from the Technical Officer shall be provided for people receiving training, or who are unfamiliar with the use of portable grinders.


7.5 Power Tools

7.5.1 Circular Saws

7.5.1.1 Background

Circular saws use a disk-like blade that rotates at high revolution to cut materials; primarily, wood. Circular saws are sized by the diameter of the blade that they use. Portable circular saws generally range in size from 5” to 8" diameter with a common size being 7 1/4". The blade diameter limits the maximum thickness of wood that can be cut.

Figure 9: Circular Saw


The principle hazard of circular saws is cuts from the blade coming into contact with body parts. The saw also causes dust and debris from material to be ejected. PPE must be worn to protect against flying debris and respiratory exposures. Inadvertent cutting of other materials such as power cables and electrical wiring are an added electrical hazard shock.


The following PPE is required when operating circular saws.

Safety glasses or goggles. Hearing protection. Dust mask.


Work in a clean, dry environment. Wear appropriate PPE. Ensure work area is clear. Ensure the back side of the cut is clear of hazards (wiring, pipes, and refuse materials).


Disconnect power supply before changing or adjusting blades. Use a sharp, clean blade appropriate for the work. Ensure that the blade is installed for the correct rotation direction. Ensure that the wood is free of foreign object (nails) where the cut is to be made. Avoid cutting through, or near, knots in wood as they can present a hazard.

7.5.1.4.1 Blade Selection

Circular saws are primarily designed to cut wood. Diameter of blade will be determined by saw size. Arbor size - determined by arbor size. Type of blade – stainless steel /carbide teeth. Number of teeth. Application – rip, cross cut, combination, special application (i.e. laminates).

Rip Cut Blade

Cross Cut Blade

Figure 10: Typical Saw Blades

7.5.1.4.2 Guarding Blade guards are essential safety devices on any saw. Blade guards consist of two parts – the fixed guard over the top of the blade, and the floating guard, which rolls out of the way as the saw is pushed into the work piece. Some saws have a handle so the blade guard can manually be lifted for plunge cutting or easier viewing of the cutting mark. The guard is never to be removed.

7.5.1.4.3 Safety of Bystanders

Ensure that bystanders are clear of the work area and of falling material (i.e. from a table saw). Assistants should be wearing appropriate PPE and be familiar with work practices.


Inspect the power cord. Check that the proper is installed and secured. Check that the blade is installed for the correct rotation direction. Inspect the blade to ensure that it is sharp, suitable for use (i.e. no damage or broken / missing

teeth). Check that the blade is secured tightly. Set the depth of the blade. Ensure that the tilt is set to the appropriate angle and locked. Ensure that the guard is working properly. Ensure that the switch is working properly.


7.5.1.5 Training

All operators of circular saws are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer. One-to-one supervision shall be provided by the Technical Officer for people receiving training, or who are unfamiliar with the use of portable sanders. The training program should include at least the following activities.

Saw safety checks prior to use. Blade installation procedures. Parts of saw identification. Safe work procedures applicable in the circumstance(s).

7.5.2 Reciprocating Saw

7.5.2.1 Background

A reciprocating saw is a cutting tool in which the cutting actions are achieved via push / pull motions of the blade. The term reciprocating saw is commonly assigned to a type of saw used in construction and demolition work. This type of saw, also known as a sawzall (a trademark of the Milwaukee Electric Tool Company) has a large blade resembling that of a jigsaw and a handle oriented to allow the saw to be used comfortably on vertical surfaces. The typical style of this saw has a foot at the base of the blade, also similar to a jigsaw.

Figure 1: Reciprocating saw.


The main hazard of using a reciprocating saw is cuts from the blade coming into contact with the body. The saw also causes dust and debris from the cut to be ejected. PPE must be worn to protect against the majority of the hazards, including eye protection and respiratory protection. Inadvertent cutting of other materials such as power cables and wiring provide a risk of electrical shock. Work in a clean, dry environment.


The following PPE is required when operating reciprocating saws:

Safety glasses or goggles.


Hearing protection.


Work in a clean, dry environment. Wear appropriate PPE. Ensure work area is clear. Ensure the back side of the cut is clear of hazards. Disconnect power supply before changing or adjusting blades. Use a sharp blade appropriate for the work. Ensure that the wood is free of foreign object (nails) where the cut is to be made. Avoid cutting through, or near, knots in wood, as they can become dislodged and projected.


Wood Cutting Blades

Metal Cutting Blades

Figure 12: Typical Reciprocating Saw Blades.

Wood cutting blades have coarser teeth (6-10 teeth per inch) while metal cutting blades have finer pitch teeth (18-24 teeth per inch).

7.5.2.4.2 Guarding

The foot of the saw acts as a guard as it is against the work piece.


Hold reciprocating saw with both hands. Remember sabre saws cut on the “up” stroke. Secure and support stock as close as possible to the cutting line to avoid vibration. Maintain the base or shoe of the saw in firm contact with the stock being cut. Select the correct blade for the material being cut and allow it to cut steadily. Do not force the

cut. Clean and sharp blades operate best. Set the blade to go no further than 0.32 cm to 0.64 cm (1/8 to 1/4 inch) deeper than the

material being cut. Do not start cutting until the saw reaches its full power. Do not force a saw along or around a curve. Allow the machine to turn with ease. Do not insert a blade into or withdraw a blade from a cut or lead hole while the blade is moving. Do not put a saw down until the movement has stopped. Do not reach under or around the material being cut. Always maintain control of the saw. Avoid cutting at low / high levels.


7.5.2.5 Training

All operators of reciprocating saws are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer. One-to-one supervision shall be provided by the Technical Officer for people receiving training, or who are unfamiliar with the use of portable sanders. The training program should include at least the following activities:

Saw safety checks prior to use. Blade installation procedures. Parts of saw identification. Safe work procedures applicable in the circumstance(s).

7.5.3 Jigsaw/Sabre Saw

7.5.3.1 Background

Jigsaws are reciprocating saws that work best with thinner materials since the blades can ply cutting through thicker materials; they are especially useful when cutting curves. With thick materials the saw gets too hot, can overheat and the thin blade may wander causing un-square cuts. About 38 mm (1½ in) material thickness is the limit for these saws. Jigsaw blades cut by pulling up. That means if you are cutting a material that has a finished side, the front side should be facing down.


The main hazard of using a jigsaw is cuts from the blade coming into contact with the body.


The following PPE is required when operating a jigsaw / sabre saw:

Safety glasses or goggles. Hearing protection. Respiratory protection.

Figure 13: Jigsaw.



Work in a clean, dry environment. Wear appropriate PPE. Ensure work area is clear. Ensure the back side of the cut is clear of hazards. Disconnect power supply before changing or adjusting blades. Use a sharp blade and one that is appropriate for the job. Ensure that the wood is free of foreign object (nails) where the cut is to be made. Avoid cutting through, or near, knots in wood, as they can become dislodged and projected.


A general purpose blade can cut wood and metal. Blades should only be used for their intended applications.

7.5.3.4.2 Guarding The foot of the saw is part of the guarding. It is not uncommon to have plastic guards across the exposed part of the blade at the front of the saw.


Wear safety glasses, goggles, or a face shield. Disconnect power supply before changing or adjusting blades. Use lubricants when cutting metals. Keep all cords clear of cutting area. Position the saw beside the material before cutting and avoid entering the cut with a moving

blade. Make sure guards, if present, are installed and are working properly.


Bystanders should be clear of work area. Any assistants should be wearing appropriate PPE and be familiar with working procedures.


Check the electrical power cord. Check that the appropriate blade is installed and secure. Ensure that the power cord is clear of the saw.

7.5.3.4.6 Procedure for Starting External Cuts

Place the front of the shoe on the stock. Make sure that the blade is not in contact with the material upon saw start-up. Hold the saw firmly down against the material and switch the saw on. Feed the blade slowly into the stock maintaining an even forward pressure.


Figure 14: Starting an External Cut.

7.5.3.4.7 Procedure for Starting Internal Cuts

Drill a lead hole slightly larger than the saw blade. With the saw switched off, insert the blade in the hole until the shoe rests firmly on the stock.

Do not let the blade touch the stock until the saw has been switched on.

Figure 15: Starting an Internal Cut.

7.5.3.5 Training

All operators of jigsaws are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer. One-to-one supervision shall be provided by the Technical Officer for people receiving training, or who are unfamiliar with the use of portable sanders. The training program should include at least the following activities:

o Saw safety checks prior to use.


o Blade installation procedures. o Parts of saw identification. o Safe work procedures applicable in the circumstance(s).

7.5.4 Drill Press

7.5.4.1 Background

Drill presses or bench drills are used for drilling or enlarging existing holes, reaming, countersinking, counter-boring, and tapping. Drill presses may be pedestal (free standing) or benchtop mounted. The main parts of drill presses are: base, column, table, and spindle drilling head. Drill presses are usually driven by means of an asynchronous motor.

Figure 16: Drill Press.


A major hazard of using power drills is the contact with the body, electrical hazards, or contact with the dust / chips generated by the cutting activity. Furthermore, an improperly wired or plugged in drill, or a worn drill, may cause excessive heat that may result in fire.


The following PPE is required when operating drill presses and hammer drills.

Safety glasses, goggles, or face protection. Hearing protection.

Chuck

On-OffSwitch

AdjustableTable

Column

Base

Hand FeedLever

Motor andSpindle Pulleys

Spindle


The following PPE is highly recommended (and may be required) when operating drill presses and hammer drills.

Aprons or jacket along with long sleeved shirts and pants or overalls to protect the front of the body from flying particles. Refrain from wearing loose clothing that can be drawn into the drill.

Steel-toe safety boots to protect feet against cuts, punctures, and bores.

Avoid the use of gloves when operating drill presses; dexterity can be compromised and gloves can be drawn into the drill.


Consult the user manual provided by the manufacturer before using the drill for the first time, and thereafter as necessary. Refer to “Training”.

7.5.4.4.1 Correct Tool Selection Use the adequate size of drill according to the work and position of operation. Do not use larger or more powerful drill than required.

7.5.4.4.2 Bit Safety Ensure that the bit selected for the work is:

The correct type for the work to be performed. Bits must be used only for the work indicated by the manufacturer.

Adequate for being used at the maximum speed indicated by the manufacturer. Bits running faster than the maximum specified speed can break and fly apart.

Fitted to the chuck to avoid breaking of the bit. Free of any damage and defects, chips, cracks, tear, excessive wear, warping or distortion that

may result in shattering. Before each use of the drill, check for any damage in the bit. A damage bit should be discarded.


Wear appropriate PPE when operating power drill. Ensure guard is in place prior to operation. Disconnect the power when installing / adjusting bits. Before drilling, turn the drill on to see if the bit is centered and running properly. Always remove

the key from the chuck before drilling. Align the bit with the desired location before turning the drill on.

Clamp the work piece to prevent it from moving during the drilling operation. Movement during drilling may result in flying broken pieces, or the bit catching the material being worked on causing the material to rotate freely.

To prevent seizing, reduce the feed pressure when the drill bit is about to pierce through the material.

Do not allow the cord to become wrapped around the drill when working. If the electrical cord becomes frayed or starts to separate from the drill housing, remove the

drill from service until it can be repaired or replace.


When drilling deep holes with a twist bit, move the bit up and down several times while drilling to remove cuttings and reduce overheating in the bit. Bits may break as a result of overheating.

After finishing drilling, turn off the bit and disconnect the power. Remove the bit from the drill and safely store the drill in a dry place. Use caution when removing or changing drill bits, as they are sharp and can become hot during use.

Be extremely careful when using drills with large bits (3/8" and 1/2"), especially when using hammer drills. Large bits may result in excessive resistance to the user.

Regularly clean and maintain the drill.




Check for damaged parts. Verify that the on-off and trigger switches actuate properly. Check carefully for loose power cord connections or damage to the cord. Do not use a drill that

has defective wiring leading to it. Verify that the bit is securely fastened in the chuck and that it is properly positioned. Verify that the chuck key is removed from the chuck. Verify that the auxiliary handles and guards are properly installed (if the drill comes with these

features) NOTE: guards should be in place and appropriately secured.


All operators of drills are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer. One-to-one supervision shall be provided by the Technical Officer for people receiving training, or who are unfamiliar with the use of drills. Records of training will be kept by the Technical Officer.

7.6 Pneumatic Tools

7.6.1 General Compressed Air

7.6.1.1 Background

Compressed air is generally used by a pneumatic tool to perform work. Pneumatic tools are commonly cheaper and safer to run and maintain than their electric power tool counterparts, as well as having a higher power-to-weight ratio, allowing a smaller, lighter tool to accomplish the same task.


Figure 17: Compressed air nozzle and hose.


The high pressure of compressed air and its potential to be released in an uncontrolled manner can create a range of hazards, including:

Flying debris and dust. High pressure injection injuries. Whipping or flailing hoses. High noise levels from air release. Unintentional operation of the attached tool.


When using compressed air, it is required to wear the following PPE:

Safety glasses. Hearing protection.


To prevent accidental injury when working with compressed air, the following safety precautions must be followed:

A compressed-air tool operator must wear eye protection and other appropriate personal protective equipment.

Before operating an air hose, examine all connections to make sure they are tight and will not come loose under pressure. A loose air hose can make a dangerous bullwhip and cause injury to the operator and / or bystanders.

Check the air hose carefully to make sure it is in good condition before opening the valve to let air into the hose; when the job if finished, turn off the valves on both the tool and the air line.

Hold the nozzle when turning the air on or off to bleed the line. Only use air nozzles with vents on the side; this will limit the increase in pressure if the nozzle is

blocked.


Before turning on the air pressure, make sure that dirt from machinery will not be blown onto other workers.

Do not kink the hose to stop the airflow; always turn off the air and the control valve. Continuously check the condition of a compressed air tool and the air hose for damage or signs

of failure. Keep air hoses out of aisle ways where they can be damaged by traffic or be a tripping hazard. Never point a compressed air hose nozzle at any part of your body or another person. Never

look into the hose, adapter, or fittings a compressed air tool. Never use compressed air for cleaning work clothes or machinery. Never use compressed air for a practical joke.


All operators of compressed air tools are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer. One-to-one supervision shall be provided by the Technical Officer for people receiving training, or who are unfamiliar with the use of compressed air tools.

7.6.2 Pneumatic Impact Wrench

7.6.2.1 Background

An impact wrench is a socket wrench tool that generates a high torque or rotating force. Impact wrenches can be operated manually, however are typically powered by compressed air. They are designed to deliver a high torque output with minimal exertion by the user. Impact wrenches operate by storing energy in a rotating mass, then delivering it suddenly to the output shaft.

Figure 18: Pneumatic Impact Wrench.


The primary safety hazards associated with this tool are noise, flying debris, and creating pinch points.



When using compressed gas, it is required to wear the following PPE:


7.6.2.4 Use and Care

Use clamps or other practical ways to secure and support the work piece to a stable platform. Holding the work by hand is unstable and may lead to loss of control. Only work on a work piece that is properly secured.

Do not force or modify the tool. Use the correct tool for your application. The correct tool will do the job better and safer at the rate for which it is designed.

Do not use the pneumatic tool if the trigger does not turn it on or off. Any tool that cannot be controlled with the trigger is hazardous and must be taken out of service.

Disconnect the air hose from the tool before making any adjustments, changing accessories, or storing the tool.

Check for misalignment or binding of moving parts, breakages of parts, damaged air hose (not included), and any other condition that may affect the tool's operation. If damaged, have the tool serviced before its next use.

Use only accessories that are recommended by the manufacturer for your model. Accessories that may be suitable for one tool may become hazardous when used on another tool.


To avoid accidental injury, always wear required protective equipment. Use clean, dry, regulated, compressed air at 90 PSI. Do not exceed the recommended 90 PSI.

Never use process gas (i.e. oxygen, carbon dioxide, combustible gases, or any other bottled gas) as a power source for pneumatic tools.

When connecting to the air supply: prior to each use, if an automatic oiler is not used, add two drops of air tool oil into the air inlet fitting of the tool.

Always disconnect the tool from its compressed air supply source, and squeeze the trigger to release (bleed) all compressed air in the tool before performing any maintenance or service.


All operators of pneumatic impact wrenches are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer. One-to-one supervision shall be provided by the Technical Officer for people receiving training, or who are unfamiliar with the use of pneumatic impact wrenches.


7.6.3 Air Chisels/Air Hammer

7.6.3.1 Background

An air chisel is an automatic chiselling device commonly used to chip apart concrete, dislodge stuck objects and cut thin sheets of steel and aluminum. It uses compressed air to drill the chisel down in a rapid motion, typically at 3000 impacts per minute. Air chisels come with multiple bits, typically:

a) Tapered punch, b) Cutting chisel, c) Edging tool, and d) Straight chisel.

Figure 19: Air chisel.


The primary safety hazards associated with this tool are noise, flying debris, and creating pinch points. If the tool is not used correctly, there is a significant risk that the chisel bit may become dislodged from the tool during operation and become an airborne projectile.


When using compressed gas, it is required to wear the following PPE:


7.6.3.4 Use and Care

Always disconnect from the air source before attempting maintenance.


After each use, wipe the Air Hammer down with a lint free cloth. Make sure there are no concrete chips, dirt, or debris in the Retainer Spring. Before storage, add a small quantity of high quality pneumatic oil in the Air Inlet and operate

the tool for a couple of seconds to lubricate and protect the internal mechanism. Examine your chisels/bits before using them. If a chisel is dull or cracked do not use it. Replace worn or broken chisels with approved replacement chisels/bits.


Repetitive motions or exposure to vibration may be harmful to your hands and arms. When wearing gloves to operate the Air Hammer, make sure that the gloves do not interfere

with the operation of the trigger. Test your gloves with the trigger before attaching the unit to an air source.

Never start the tool unless you have a firm grip with both hands and you are positioned at your work piece or area.

Before using the Air Hammer, know what is directly underneath the work area or work piece. The Air Hammer can quickly penetrate material. If working directly on the ground, make sure you are not directly above shallow cables, lines, or pipes.

Keep your limbs and body clear of the Air Hammer. If a chisel or bit breaks off, the tool tends to surge forward suddenly. Make sure the immediate area is clear of obstructions.

Never point the tool or the air hose at anyone. Keep your finger away from the trigger until you are ready to work


All operators of air chisels or air hammers are to be given appropriate instruction and training in these guidelines, specifically for the work being done in the workshop. The instruction and training shall be performed and recorded by the Technical Officer. One-to-one supervision shall be provided by the Technical Officer for people receiving training, or who are unfamiliar with the use of air chisels or air hammers.

7.7 Lifting Devices

7.7.1 Background

Most workshops will not have lifting devices; however where applicable, there are special requirements for hoists, lifts, pallet trucks, forklifts and cranes.

7.7.2 Main Hazards and Risks

The main hazards and risks of operating the overhead crane are as follows.

Falling / crushing hazard from the load or parts of the load. Balance of load / centre of gravity. Operation of controls at the same time (i.e. E - East and S - South at the same time) creating

swing / balance inequities. Unattended loads.


Faulty equipment. Traffic / pedestrian collisions.

7.7.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

To mitigate the hazards associated with the operation of lifting devices, independent procedures for the use of lifting devices are required. Various personal protective equipment may be required, including:

Protective footwear. Protective headwear. Protective eyewear.


When any trained, authorized person is operating a lifting device, the person shall follow the standard operating procedure as outlined by the manufacturer, the Ontario Occupational Health & Safety Act, specifically Regulation 851 s. 51, the CSA Standard CSA 167-08, and the training manual. The procedure is to be read and understood by competent (trained) individuals prior to initial use. Note that some training cannot be conducted by the Technical Officer and requires accredited training. Contact the Office of Risk Management for information or consult the Risk Management Course Registration page.

7.7.4.1 Safety of Bystanders


7.7.4.2 Pre-use and Other Checks

Refer to the lifting device operation procedure for details. Pre-use inspections are required at each use of the equipment. The results are to be maintained by the Technical Officer.

7.8 MIG Welding Equipment

7.8.1 Background

Welding is a fabrication process that joins metals by coalescence. This is often done by melting the work pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material (the weld pool) that cools to become a strong joint. MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding is a semi-automatic type of arc welding. The MIG welding process consists of a DC constant potential power supply, a welding gun, a wire drive mechanism, a controller, and a shielding gas supply. The consumable wire is fed through the gun with a gas shielding. When the trigger on a MIG Gun is pressed, three events occur; a gas solenoid opens to start the shielding gas flow through the gun nozzle, the contactor closes to apply power to the electrode wire, and the drive rolls start feeding the wire. When the trigger is released, the contactor opens, the drive rolls stop feeding the wire, and there is a short post flow of shielding gas to protect the


molten metal from the air until it freezes. The setup of a MIG welder for welding consists of setting the voltage, the feed rate of the wire and the gas flow rate. A chart for the starting settings is usually located on the inside of the cover for the wire spool on the welder. It will list the material, the thickness of material, the MIG wire diameter, and the shielding gas and flow rates. From the chart, the wire feed rate, gas flow rate, and voltage setting will be given.

Figure 20: Typical MIG Welding Equipment.

Figure 21: Typical MIG Gun.


Figure 22: Inside View of a Typical MIG Welder.

7.8.2 Main Hazards and Risk

Welding is an inherently dangerous operation, with numerous hazards and risks that must be mitigated to ensure a safe working environment. The following are the main hazards and risks associated with MIG welding:

The open electric arc and intense heat generated during welding is associated with burns and the potential to set objects in the immediate surroundings on fire.

Intense UV light generated during welding can permanently damage the eyesight of the operator as well as any persons in the work area.

Welding wire is extremely sharp and can puncture skin and poke eyes (especially flying pieces of wire when trimming the feed).

Flying sparks. Risk of explosion from compressed gas cylinders. Gas cylinders must be properly used and

stored. Welding can generate dangerous gases, particulate, fumes and smoke. Electrical shock and loud noises.

7.8.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The following PPE is required when welding:

Cotton clothing. Welding jacket to prevent clothes from catching fire and provide skin protection. Leather welding gloves. Cotton hair beanie to protect hair; refrain from hair gel / hair spray. Protective eyewear. Respiratory protection for particulate. Welding helmet with at least a No. 12 filter to protect from UV light. Hearing protection.


Protective footwear.

Additionally, a fire extinguisher is required when welding to extinguish any fires. Ensure proper ventilation of the work area. Use a high flow rate fan, as necessary.

Figure 23: PPE Required for Welding.


Inspect the work area. Be aware of surroundings to prevent injury and: o Observe surrounding work area for proper housekeeping. o Keep a suitable fire extinguisher nearby. o Turn on any air vents / canopy hoods. o Turn on or set up adequate lighting for safe use of equipment and for reading labels. o Set up screens or proper welding curtains to isolate the work zone. o Remove all combustible materials from the work area. o Keep area clean and dry; including clothing, work area, cables, torch, and power source.

Inspect the MIG welding unit: o Visually inspect the power cord for exposed wire or frayed insulation. o Visually inspect all electrodes and work cables for exposed wire or frayed insulated. o Visually inspect the cylinders for cracks in hoses, and ensure they are properly secured

away from heat or welding surface. Inspect welding helmet for:

o For the correct visor, or shade setting, for the welding job being performed. o For any damage; do not use if damage is noted. o For proper fit.

Don required PPE. o Inspect PPE for damage. o DO NOT use damaged PPE.

Carefully clean off object to be welded:


o Remove all grease from object. o Remove any loose debris. o Remove any rust.

Open gas until pressure the desired flow rate is reached. Hook ground clamp onto the object to be welded.

o Always hook grounding clamp as close to the weld area as possible. o Plan to route the grounding clamp and torch cables on the same side of the body. o DO NOT place your body between the torch and ground clamp cables. o Inspect ground clamp for proper ground.

Plug in welding machine. o Route electrical cord away from heat sources or sharp objects.

Turn on welding machine. Inform nearby users of welding activity. Persons not involved in the welding operation are not to

be in the vicinity. Conduct several test welds on scrap metal to achieve the proper wire feed speed

o Touch wire to metal while moving in a smooth motion. o Constantly hold down the trigger.

Adjust the wire feed speed until the desired weld is achieved: o The bead should be smooth. o The bead should be consistent.

Weld metal piece. Using a hammer, chip away the slag.

o Wear safety glasses. o Wear flameproof gauntlet gloves.

Turn off the gas. Pull trigger to release excess gas and bleed the line(s). Turn off the welding machine. Unplug the welding machine. Unhook the grounding clamp. Return welding machine to storage.

7.8.5 Instruction, Training, and Supervision

All operators of the MIG welder are recommended to complete the MIG Welding Course offered by the Mechanical Engineering Machine Shop. Successful completion of the training shall be recorded by the Technical Officer.

7.9 Ladders & Scaffolds

7.9.1 Ladders

Ladders are a useful tool but also pose a significant risk of falling – even when used properly. It is important to note the following when using a ladder / step-stool:

Use the right ladder for the job. Ensure that it is capable of supporting the load (i.e. you plus whatever you’re carrying up the ladder). You can find the maximum rated capacity on the ladder – usually in the form of a sticker / engraving on the ladder side rails.


Inspect your ladder prior to using it – if its condition is in doubt, do not use it and report the situation to your supervisor / Technical Officer.

Set-up the ladder on a firm surface; fully extend the arms. Never use the top step or the paint tray as a step. If you need to reach higher, consider a larger

ladder or alternate means (i.e. scaffolding, boom lift, etc.). Keep your body within the rails as this maintains your centre of gravity. A good rule of thumb is

to keep your belt buckle within the side rails. Once completed, ensure that you store your ladder away safely.

Users requiring frequent use of ladders (or working at heights) are recommended to complete the Basics of Ladder Safety and/or the Working at Heights training, offered by the Office of Risk Management.

7.9.2 Scaffolds

The use of scaffolds requires specific mandatory training and instruction. Please consult the technical officer prior to the use of a scaffold.

7.10 Electrical safety

7.10.1 Electrical safety

Often overlooked, electrical safety is very important. Verify your equipment’s power source and inspect it regularly for items such as like fraying or damaged cords, overheating, burn marks, etc. Keep equipment grounded and out of “daisy chain” connections (i.e. plugging power bars into other power bars or extension cords). If the equipment requires repair, ensure that it is conducted properly; do not use “household fixes”. You can find additional information on electrical safety from the uOttawa Electrical Safety Guidelines.

7.10.2 Emergency stop

Power-driven equipment must have a conspicuously identified emergency stop button within easy reach of the operator of the equipment. For example, the cement mixer depicted in the photo below has a red mushroom button that will stop the power driven equipment in the event of an emergency.

Figure 24: Emergency Stop – mushroom-like button.

https://web47.uottawa.ca/en/lrs/node/2149

https://web47.uottawa.ca/en/lrs/node/2544

https://orm.uottawa.ca/sites/orm.uottawa.ca/files/electrical-guideline.pdf


This button is located at the controls and contrasts well with the rest of the equipment (i.e. the red button on the blue metal housing of the mixer). This device is not to be used as a regular stop, but serves to stop the equipment in the event of emergencies. In addition to dedicated emergency stop buttons for equipment, some workshops on campus also have general emergency stop buttons located throughout the workshop which, if activated, disconnect power to all electrically-powered devices within the workshop. These buttons also appear as the red “mushroom-style” buttons and are generally located near workshop entrances, technician workspace, etc.

7.10.3 Lockout

Lock-out / Tag-out (LOTO) is meant to de-energize equipment and remove any residual force that may exist (i.e. pneumatics, hydraulics, etc.) prior to working on the equipment. There have been numerous examples in industry where a worker has suffered severe injury or death due to a piece of equipment suddenly starting up while they have been working on it / in it. The purpose of the lock-out is to ensure that the equipment cannot be activated by anyone while work is ongoing. The process involves actually locking the power-source / breaker before beginning work. Keys to the lock are with the individual performing the work. uOttawa has a formal process for locking out equipment available on the Facilities website.

7.11 Robots Robots have been present in industry environments for decades. A robot is both efficient and able to perform work with ease; however robots can be inherently hazardous given the potential power (electrical, mechanical, etc.) that exists. Robots have three distinct parts:

Manipulator; Power supply; Control system.

If not understood and respected, a worker can be struck by a robot within the operating envelope, can become caught between robotic parts and/or structures, or be struck by objects dropped or ejected by the robot. Robots may also be programmed with propriety computer languages that require very specialized training and instruction prior to operating and/or maintaining the robot. The CSA Standard Z434-14 – Industrial Robots and Robot Systems (Part II) serves an excellent reference for requirements. Refer to the CSA Standard and contact the Health, Safety and Risk Manager for assistance.

8 General Guidelines for the Safe Use of Hazardous Materials

8.1 Solvents Solvents are simply liquids that can dissolve other substances. They are used in many arts techniques, either as part of the art material itself (such as paints, inks, thinners or adhesives) or for cleaning up. The primary hazards are flammability and solvent vapours. Aqueous (water) based solvents are not flammable and are preferred. Some common examples may include thinner, petroleum based oils, oil paints, varnishes, adhesives, glues, and degreasers. Contact with a solvent may lead to some of the following health effects:

http://www.uottawa.ca/facilities/health-safety


Ingestion – many are poisonous if swallowed while some are extremely poisonous (methanol).

Wash hands after working with products that contain solvents. Skin contact – skin irritation can occur. Appropriate impermeable gloves should be worn. Inhalation: can cause dizziness, headaches and in extreme cases asphyxiation. Always work in a

well ventilated area.

Some solvents are capable of producing chronic health effects; notably to the liver, kidney or nervous system. The use of the following basic control measures will help in limiting potential exposures.

Minimize use of solvents, where possible. Use in properly ventilated areas; avoid inhalation of vapours. Avoid direct contact with skin. Avoid heat and/or ignition sources; solvents are often flammable. Do not dispose of solvents down the drian.

8.2 Paints and Pigments There are pigments that present few, if any, hazards, and some that should be used with care. In particular, artists’ paints and ceramic glazes contain a wide range of pigments and can include heavy metals to produce vivid colours. These metals can include:

lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, mercury, and manganese.

What can pigments do to the body?

Ingestion – small quantities of heavy metals over time can lead to poisoning and chronic effects. Skin contact –the solvent in paint is more likely to cause skin irritation than the pigment itself.

Wash hands after handling these materials. Inhalation – pigment dust can contain lead and/or chromates. The long-term inhalation of such

pigments can cause chronic effects. Always work in a well ventilated area Check the pigments you are using – find out what they contain and what their hazards might be. In many cases the label on the packaging may tell you what pigments paint contains; when in doubt, contact the product supplier or manufacturer for the product’s latest SDS.

8.3 Acids and Corrosives Some activities may use acids or alkalis. If diluted solutions have to be made up from concentrated acids or alkalis, precautions are essential as concentrated acids or alkalis are highly corrosive to the skin and eyes. Wear appropriate gloves, protective clothing and safety glasses when you handle


photographic chemicals. If your skin comes in contact with corrosive material, flush the affected area with a copious volume of water.

What can corrosive material do to the body? Ingestion – most corrosive materials will cause damage to the digestive tract. Some are

extremely poisonous. Wash hands after working with products that are corrosive. Skin contact – weak solutions can irritate the skin while stronger solutions will burn the skin.

Appropriate impermeable gloves should be worn. Inhalation – can cause dizziness and inextreme cases, asphyxiation. Always work in a well

ventilated area.

Always add the chemical to the water, slowly. If you splash any corrosive material in your eyes or mucous membranes, flush your eyes with water for at least 15 minutes; obtain medical attention.

8.4 Solid Materials Solid materials will come in varying forms; the most common include wood, stone and plaster. The primary hazards from woodworking and stonework are cuts and abrasions. All techniques involving the use of wood / stone will require basic protective equipment, notably respiratory protection, protective eyewear, and hearing protection. What are some common hazards?

Sawdust can be a fire hazard if stored near flammables. For this reason, the workshop must be cleaned daily. A dust collection must also be regularly emptied and maintained.

Depending on the stone used, the resulting dust may also be harmful in the long-term. Miner’s lung is caused through long-term exposure to fine dust. Some stone contains silica and can produce symptoms similar to miner’s lung under long-term exposure conditions. Other naturally occurring rock can contain arsenic, asbestos, and heavy metals.

Plaster (clay) dust is very fine and can also damage the respiratory tract.

8.5 Photography The greatest risk involved with photographic processing is the mixing of stock solutions. The Photography Technical Officer is the only person permitted to perform mixing. The chemicals used can vary depending on the processing performed. Black and white techniques use a handful of chemicals while full colour processing can use several chemicals. What are the chemicals used on photo-processing?

Developer (chemicals that are corrosive) Stop-bath (acetic acid) Fixer (acids and salts)

Additional substances may also be used under direction from the Technical Officer include: Intensifiers (acid and chrome salts) Colour dies (organic solvents) Hardeners and stabilizers (some contain formaldehyde)


Because of the nature of the chemicals involved, it is very important to read the product SDS prior to use. The SDS will explain the likely hazards involved, how to handle the chemicals, and what to do in case of a situation (i.e. spill, accident, etc.).

9 Resource Links

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) A resource for all jurisdictions across Canada that includes posters, fact sheets and information. 1-800-668-4284 www.ccohs.ca University of Ottawa Occupational Health and Safety (ORM) Internal resources at the University available to assist in prevention of illness and injury, risk assessment and many other services. http://orm.uottawa.ca/programs/occupational-health-safety

Ministry of Labour Develops, communicates and enforces occupational health and safety requirements and employment standards. Develops, coordinates and implements strategies to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses, and can set standards for health and safety training. 1-877-202-0008 www.labour.gov.on.ca Workers Health & Safety Centre An occupational health and safety training centre for workers, representatives and employers. 1-888-869-7950 www.whsc.on.ca Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers Six medical clinics located across Ontario that provide occupational health services and information. 1-877-817-0336 www.ohcow.on.ca Health & Safety Ontario There are four health and safety associations that provide sector specific consulting, training, products and services. www.healthandsafetyontario.ca Workplace Safety and Insurance Board The WSIB administers Ontario’s no-fault workplace insurance for employers and their workers. 1-800-387-0750 www.wsib.on.ca


Appendix 1 – Project Hazard Assessment

uOttawa Project Hazard Analysis v3 - November 2016

- 1 -

Project Risk Assessment – University of Ottawa Project details The supervisor must review this document with the student(s). After doing so, the supervisor and student(s) must sign where indicated. If there are any subsequent changes to the project, a new project risk assessment must be done. Project title: Start date: Expected end date: Faculty: Department: Main work location: Name of student(s): Name of supervisor: Student signature(s): _________________________________ Supervisor signature: ____________________________________ Risk rating (see matrix below) - Note: If rated as High or Extreme, a dedicated standard operating procedure must be in place. Hazard type ☐ Biological ☐ Biomechanical ☐ Chemical

☐ Physical ☐ Radiological ☐ Other (specify) _________________________________ Training required ☐ Advanced TDG ☐ Aerial work platform ☐ Biosafety ☐ Fall prevention ☐ Fire safety ☐ First aid ☐ Lab safety ☐ Laser safety ☐ Radiation safety ☐ Spills response ☐ Dry lab risk management ☐ Other (specify) _________________________________ Engineered (built in) control ☐ Biological safety cabinet ☐ Fumehood ☐ Glovebox ☐ Local exhaust device ☐ Other (specify) ______________________________________________________________ Personal protective equipment (PPE) ☐ Eye/face protection ☐ Gloves ☐ Harness ☐ Head protection ☐ Hearing protection ☐ Protective clothing ☐ Protective footwear ☐ Respiratory protection ☐ Other (specify) _________________________________ Other considerations Shared laboratory ☐ Yes ☐ No Impact on other areas ☐ Yes ☐ No Use of controlled goods ☐ Yes ☐ No Emergency plan required ☐ Yes ☐ No


- 2 -

Summary

Sequence of events (tasks) Potential hazard Work location

Likelihood of exposure to hazard

Rare =1 Unlikely = 2 Possible = 3

Likely = 4 Almost certain = 5

Consequence of exposure to hazard

Insignificant = 1 Minor = 2

Moderate = 3 Major = 4

Catastrophic = 5

Risk rating Low

Medium High

Extreme

Control measure(s)

Additional notes


- 3 -

Risk Rating Matrix – Low Risk, Medium Risk, High Risk, Extreme Risk –

Consequence Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic

Like

lihoo

d

Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Likely Medium High High Extreme Extreme

Possible Low Medium High Extreme Extreme Unlikely Low Low Medium High Extreme

Rare Low Low Medium Medium High Scales Likelihood

Almost certain: Anticipated to occur often during entire project Likely: Anticipated to occur several times during entire project Possible: Reasonably anticipated to occur at some time during entire project Unlikely: Not anticipated to occur during entire project but possible Rare: Not anticipated during entire project

Consequence

Catastrophic: Results in death, total loss or shutdown of system, significant release into the environment affecting the public or regulatory intervention

Major: Results in permanent impairment, serious lost-time injury, loss or shutdown of part of system, large on-site release into environment

Moderate: Short-term lost-time injury, short-term interruption in use of system, recoverable release into environment

Minor: Minor injury, minor damage to system, minor confined release into the environment Insignificant: Very minor injury, with consequence less serious than Minor


Appendix 2 – Research / Project Owner Form

0

RESEARCH / PROJECT IN PROGRESS

Project title / number:

Name of Researcher / Owner :

Email :

Emergency Tel # (Day): Emergency Tel # (Night):

Faculty advisor/supervisor: Advisor Tel #:

Instructions for emergency shutdown:

Setup approved by: Date:

Project start date: Project end date (estimate):

Project description and additional comments


Appendix 3 – University Safety-Related Services Protection Services Protection Services (ext. 5411) acts as the University’s own emergency response team. Protection Services has offices on every campus (main campus, Roger Guindon and Lees), which you should contact immediately during an on-campus emergency. Dial ext. 5411 on any University phone or 613-562-5411 from a cellphone. If your office is located off campus (where Protection cannot immediately respond in the event of an emergency situation), call 911. When it is safe to do so, report the matter to Protection Services. Fire Prevention Coordinator The Fire Prevention Coordinator is provided as a service under Protection Services. The mandate of the fire prevention coordinator is to oversee the execution of regular fire drills, the installation, maintenance and inspection of fire extinguishers and the investigation of incidents involving fires. In addition, the fire prevention coordinator inspects buildings and provides recommendations with regards to fire safety. Any questions concerning fire safety should be directed to the Fire Prevention Coordinator at ext. 6091. Office of Risk Management The Office of Risk Management (ext. 5892) provides technical support to the University community so that activities may be carried out in a health, safe and environmentally conscious manner. Its mandate includes the development, coordination and implementation of University-wide health, safety and environmental management policies, procedures, plans and programs encompassing hazardous substances, biosafety and radioactive materials. In addition, it provides specialized services such as coordinating the disposal of biohazardous, chemical and radioactive materials, providing information and training, conducting assessments and inspections. Health, Safety and Risk Managers (HSRMs) Five officers are dedicated to providing full time support with risk, environment and health & safety issues at specific faculties and a service. These individuals manage the above-noted duties while supporting the individual Faculty / Service direction. HRSMs are available in the Faculties of Science, Medicine, Engineering, Arts, Education, Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Health Sciences, Law, Professional Training, School of Management, Social Sciences and Facilities. Human Resources Services provided through the Human Resources include staffing, training and development, workshop registration, information systems, and health and wellness services. Health and Wellness Office The Health and Wellness Office is to ensure and promote safe and healthy working conditions for all employees at the University. The service is primarily preventative rather than curative and it is designed to supplement rather than replace medical services available to employees through their personal physician and community clinics such as the one on campus. The office also promotes and monitors compliance with the requirements of provincial legislation on matters pertaining to workers’ compensation.

http://orm.uottawa.ca/about/our-team


Facilities The primary mandate of Facilities is to maintain the infrastructure and grounds of the University. Examples of Facilities’ principal functions include: heating, ventilation and air-conditioning; electricity and plumbing; campus roads; traffic signs; housekeeping; maintenance of grounds (icy conditions); transportation; testing of the emergency showers; and, maintenance of temporary buildings. Facilities also coordinates non-hazardous waste collection, recycling and implements the University's energy conservation program. Facilities provides assistance in the event of maintenance emergencies. All maintenance emergencies should be directed to the Facility Manager responsible, or directly to the Call Centre at 613-562-5800, ext. 2222. A maintenance emergency refers to situations where the condition of buildings, grounds and vehicles can affect the safety of users, or can create a dangerous situation (eg. ventilation failures). The Call Centre may be reached 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Health Services Health Services is open to all. It is a University based clinic prioritizing the needs of students. Some of its services are exclusive to students and funded by the University through students' fees. Medical services are provided to students, staff and the community. Physicians include family practitioners, and specialists in Gynaecology, Obstetrics, Dermatology, and Psychiatry. Additionally, the service staffs Health Educators and provides Health Promotion. Committees In addition to the services listed above, there are several relevant committees within the University of Ottawa. These include:

University Joint Occupational Health and Safety Committee; o Sub committees (Office, Laboratory, Facilities / Protection)

Biosafety Committee; Radiation Safety Committee; Management Committee on the Environment; and, Committee on Health, Safety and the Environment.

For additional information on any of these committees, contact the Office of Risk Management at ext. 5892. Joint Health and Safety Committees As required under the Occupational health and Safety Act, the University of Ottawa has established a Joint Health and Safety Committee that consists of three functional, sub committees. These committees include:

University Joint Occupational Health and Safety Committee o The Office Safety Committee o The Laboratory Safety Committee o The Facilities and Protection Safety Committee


The University Joint Occupational Health and Safety Committee is predominantly concerned with University wide issues, with emphasis on policy, recommendations, and activities which concern several of the sub committees. The individual sub committees are predominantly concerned with local issues. Joint Health and Safety Committees are advisory groups of worker and management representatives. There activities include:

Conducting regular inspections to identify workplace hazards; Obtaining information from the employer on Health and Safety matters; Making recommendations to the employer on Health and Safety matters; Investigating work refusals in accordance with the Act; Investigating serious accidents in accordance with the Act; Obtaining information from the Workers Compensation Board; and, Reviewing employer health and safety programs.

For a complete explanation of the function and role of the committee, see A Guide for Joint Health and Safety Committees and Representatives in the Workplace published by the Ontario Ministry of Labour. Persons who have health and safety-related questions or concerns related to their work environment, may first direct their concerns to their supervisor. If the situation is not satisfactorily resolved, the individual(s) may contact the health and safety committee(s) and / or the Office of Risk Management at ext. 5892. In cases of emergency, work incidents or injury, report to Protection Services at ext. 5411.

Documents

Dry Lab Safety Manual - Office of Risk Management